IBhunga leNdlu yeeNtsimbi leUnited States asilogumbi nje lowiso-mthetho; ngumatshini wemithetho olungiswe kakuhle olungiselelwe ukumela amasiko ngokulinganayo kunye nokunyanzela ukuququzelela ubungangabhisi. Ukuqonda ulawulo lwamaMelika kukuqonda ivoti yeNdlu yabameli. Ngokungafaniyo neNdlu yabameli, apho imithetho yolawulo oluqinileyo kunye nomthetho oqhelekileyo oqhelekileyo oye walawula, iBhunga lisebenza kwisethi yolweziko lwezithethe nokuma kwemithetho egunyazisa isalathisi ngasinye. Eli nqaku linika ukurhoxiswa kwendlela enegunya yokuvota kwemithetho yeBhotwe, ukusuka kwiofisi yeposi ebizwa nge-makhwe 60-votive-oces efunekayo ukuphelisa i-intloko yemithetho.

Isiseko soMgaqo-siseko neSiseko seNdlu yeeNtlanganiso

Amandla okuvota kunye nesakhiwo seNdlu yeeNdlu zeNdlu yeQhinga zisekelwe kwiQhinga I loMgaqo-siseko wase-U. [[FLT: 0] Icandelo 3 ekuqaleni lanikelwa ukwenzela unyulo lweziNtetho zemithetho-siseko somthetho, umkhwa oshiyekileyo de kube ngukwenziwa kwemithetho yecala kwe-17] Isinyusi- [iCandelo] [iiCandelo] [[FLT]] [iiinte:3] [iCandelo], eligunyazisa unyulo oluqhelekileyo, olugunyaziswe ngqo ngonyulo oluqhelekileyo. Amandla eKhompti yemithetho acacileyo kwi-[[FLT] Claus (iQultle I, icandelo 7)[FLT], elifuna ukuba kudluliswe ngoomatiswa komthetho womthetho womthetho kunye nootyiselwanobumba olwe-otyiselwayokuhlulo okanye umnqophiso.

Ngapha koko umthetho osesikweni, umGaqo-siseko unika iNdlu yeQela ekhethekileyo " Advice kunye neNyanga". Oku kufuna imiqobo ekhethekileyo yokuvota kwizivumelwano (iinani eliphindwe kabini lesithathu lama-Senator elikhoyo) kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuququzelelwa kwemiqathango yegunya kunye nezomthetho (inkoliso elula, ngaphandle kokuba i-finbuster inyusiwe).

Indlu yeNtlanganiso isebenza phantsi kwequmrhu elisisigxina lemithetho eyaziwa njenge Imela imithetho yeNdlu yeQela . Le mithetho yongezelelwa ngemizekelo, izivumelwano ezingqinelanayo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamathutyana "ukhetho lwenyukliya" ukutshintsha ucaciso olulula. Imithetho yangoku yaqulunqwa yaza yasetyenziswa ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-199 kunye nasekuqaleni kweye-20, kunye notshintsho olubalulekileyo olwenzekayo1917 (utshintsho lwehlwili) kunye no1975 (ukwenziwa komda wehlwiso sangqa ukusuka kwisibini sesithathu sesithathu ukuya kwisithathu se-fthth).

Iintlobo zeNdlu yeeNdlela zokuHlanganisa: Iindlela Zesigqibo

Indlela apho ivoti ithathwa khona kwiBhunga leNtsimbi isoloko ibalulekile njengesiphumo. Izalathisi zinendlela ezininzi ezikhoyo, nganye ifanele imigangatho eyahlukeneyo yempikiswano kwaye ifuna ukugcinwa kwerekhodi.

UlwimiLanguage

Eyona ndlela iqhelekileyo nekhawulezayo yivoti yelizwi. Umphathi-mikhosi uyabuza: "Bonke abo bakhethayo bathi `Yea''." (Abaququzeleli baphendula "Yea.""" bonke abachasayo bathi . (Abaququzeleli baphendula "Nay."). IKhosi elawulayo ngoko ke isalathisi sikwicala elikhulu. Le ndlela isetyenziswa kwimicimbi engeyoyoyonto njengemicimbi eqhelekileyo, isikhumbuzo, okanye iindleko ezincinane. Akukho ngxelo nganye yevoti yeSikhampathi. Nayiphi na iSante enye izakucela umvoti wovoti ukuba ikhuphe uxwebhu olubhaliweyo.

Ulwahlulo

Ukuba isiphumo sokuvota kwelizwi asicacanga okanye ukuba umHlathisi uyabuza, icandelo lingacelwa. Umphathi-mikhosi ucela abaPhathi-mikhosi abacela ukuba bame baphinde babalwe, balandelwe ngabo bachasayo. Oku kunika ubalo olukrwada lomntu ongowokuvota nochaseneyo, kodwa amagama awabhalwanga kulindixesha osemthethweni.

Roll Call Vote (Iyakhelwe kwakhona)

Le yindlela engundoqo yomthetho omkhulu, ephikiswayo, kunye nentsebenziswano yemithetho ebhaliweyo. Ukuvota okungqukuva kufuna igama lesaveyi nganye ukuba ibizwa ngonobumba, kwaye ivoti yabo ibhaliwe kwi i-Choffitorion Recountal [[[[FLT: 1]]. Ukususela ngo19565, iKhonte isebenzise inkqubo yokuvota ye-elektroniki. Xa umqulu ubizo luyalelwa, abaquququzeli banemizuzu eli-15 yokufaka ikhadi labo lobuqu lokuvota kwesinye sezikhululo. Iziphumo ziboniswa ngoko nangoko kwiibhodi ezinkulu ze-elektroniki. Ukucofa, uwonke, nezilangazelelotarhu olucothayo ukumisa ukuvota ukugqiba indawo ye-Sten. Uphendla irekhotho lwe-octive ye-octives protopt [Focted F2] [Fote]]

Imvume yeSandi (UC)

Imvume yesandla se-injini evumela iBhunga leNdlu yeeNdlela zokusebenza kakuhle. Ngenxa yokuba iCantenet inesithethe sengxoxo engenasiphelo, nayiphi na iNtetho enye ingasiphikisa isicelo kwaye imise inkqubela. Ukuphepha ukuvota ngexesha lokuqesha izinto ze-email ezivota kwimicimbi eqhelekileyo, iNkokeli yeMajoni okanye umququzeleli uza kucela ukuvuma ngokudibeneyo ukurhoxisa umthetho okanye ukuphuma kwetyala. Ukuba akukho nto yesakhelo, nayiphi na into egqithayo idlulayo. [[FLT: 0] Izinto ezikhoyo ze-enator [, isicelo somsebenzi wesinyuso siphelile, kwaye i-UC kufuneka iphinde iphinde ivume inkqubo esemthethweni, efuna ukuvota. Umzekelo, "ndicela ukuvuma ukuba i-State igqithe kuqwa kwikhalenda esondeleyo." Noyiprotoliki yesivumelwano sesixhobo somsebenzi esingundoqo sokusebenzisa i-X.

Umnxeba

Ngokufuthi iphosakele ukuvota, ubizo lwe-quorrum yinkqubo esetyenziswa ukusungula ubukho benkoliso yama-Senator (51) efunekayo ukuqhuba ishishini. Umabhalane ubiza umqulu ukufumanisa ukuba uyangena. Abaphathi basoloko besebenzisa unxulumano lwe-quographrum ukuvala ixesha okanye ukuncokola emva kwemiboniso xa unobhalana efunda amagama.

Inkqubo yoMbutho Womthetho: Ukusuka kwiNtshukumo ukuya kwiNdlela yokugqibela

Ukuqonda indlela ityala elisuka ngayo ekuqaliseni ukuya ekuvoteni oku lokugqibela kufuna ukuqonda amanyathelo angqalileyo achaza inkqubano yeNtlanganiso.

Intshukumo Yokuqhubeka

Phambi kokuba iQela leNdlu yeMimandla likwazi ukuphikisana ngetyala, kufuneka livume ukulithatha. Inkokeli yeMajority inika i- imvakalelo yokuqhubeka ukuqwalasela isiko elikhethekileyo. Le ntshukumo ngokwayo iyathinteleka. Oku kuthetha ukuba abambalwa bangahamba benofilibuster ukuba baqhubeke, bewuthintela ngokunempumelelo umthetho ukusuka kwixesha lonke ukufikelela kumgangatho. Lo nguwona umqobo wokuqala wecebo lobuchule obalulekileyo kulo naliphi na iceba lomthetho eliphikisayo.

INkqubo yoLawulo loGunyaziso: "IVote-a-rama" kunye nokuLala

Xa isibham siphantsi, ii-Senator zinganika ukubuyiselwa kwemali. Oku kunokukhokelela kwinkqubo yokulungisa i-odolo, ithetha ukuba i-Senator inganikela ngokuqhelekileyo intengiso nakuwuphi na umxholo, ngaphandle kokuba isivumelwano se-UC sithintela ukukhula (ukuphelisa ukurhoxa komlo wokufumana imali). Oku kungakhokelela kunyaka wohlahlo-mali, apho ingxoxo ilinganiselwe [[FLT: 0]" ngumthetho we-rama"[FLT]][a uthotho olukhawulezileyo lomqulu wokuvota umva-ota- emva komqulu. Oku kuqheleke kakhulu ekuvoteleni uhlahlolo lwemali.

Umculo Wokuphela Kwendlela Yokuhamba

Emva kokuba zonke izilungiso ziphelisiwe, iBhunga leNtsimbi livota ekudluleni kokuphela kwemali (okanye isigqibo sokudityaniswa kwesivumelwano). Umphathi-mikhosi ubuza umbuzo: "Umbuzo ukwindlela yokudluliswa kwemali. Bonke abo bavumelanayo bathi `Yea'." Ukuba ubizo lomqulu luyayalelwa, unobhala uza kubiza umqulu ngoonobumba, kunye nabachongi "Yeya," "Nay" okanye "Ukuchasa". Imfuneko yemigaqo-siseko ye-Rom (ukuchasa) kufuneka ifumaneke ukuze ivoti isebenze.

Isithuba se ntshukumo: I-Majonity elula.

Umba ophambili wovoti yeNdlu yeeNtlanga elawulayo ngumnyango ofunekayo ukudlula. IBhunga leNtlanga yemihla lisebenza phantsi kwemiqobo emithathu ephambili, kwaye ukuyiqonda kubalulekile ekuqondeni ukungasebenzi kwemithetho yegumbi.

IMajoni eBanzi elilula (50% + 1)

Izenzo ezininzi eziqhelekileyo zifuna kuphela uninzi lwabalungisi abakhoyo nabavoti, bethatha i-demon rum ikhona. Oku kuquka ukudlulisa ityala, ukwamkela inguquko, ukunyula iNkokeli yeMajor, kunye nokuqinisekisa ulawulo oluphezulu nolulawulayo ukususela ekubhexezeni "ukhetho lwenyukliya" lwabhenela ngo-2013 nango-2017. Ukuba uvoti ngu-51-50, uMongameli ongumongameli angalwaphula iqhina. Ukuba ivoti yi 50-50, uvoti kaMongameli onguMongameli woMongameli unika uninzi olulula.

Umda wesithathu wesi-5th (60 Votes) – iFilibuster kunye ne-Cloture

Olu luphawu olunye olubalulekileyo lwezobupolitika lweNdlu yeeNtsimbi zale mihla. IFLIbuster liqhinga lokwandisa ingxoxo ukuze ilibazise okanye ukunqanda ivoti kwimali okanye ukuthatha uthotho. Ukunqanda i-monicbuster, i-Canternel kufuneka icele ukuququzelela phantsi [[FLT:]]

Imbali: I-filbuster yavela ngengozi ngo-1806 xa iNdlu yeNtlanga yacima "umbuzo ongaphambili" wokuhamba, ingaqondanga isusa indlela yokuphelisa ingxoxo. Kwinkoliso yenkulungwane ye19, i-fibster ifuna i-Senator ukubamba umgangatho. Umthetho wangoku wehribilisi wadalwa ngo1917. Ngo1965, umqobo wahliswa ukusuka kwisibini-3-3 zabo bakhoyo kwaye wabheta kwisithathu se-fthth-s ekhethwe kunye nesifungo seNtsibo esinyuliweyo.[[[FLT:]]]

Inkqubo: Ukucela amahlwili, isicelo kufuneka sityikitywe ngabahlali abalishumi elinesithandathu. Kwiintsuku ezimbini kamva, iNdlu ye-Inqununu ivota ekushunyayelweni kwesakhelo. Ukuba ama-60 eevoti acela ukuvuselelwa, ingxoxo ilinganiselwe kwiiyure ezingama-30. Ukuba ukushukuma kwethambo akuphumeleli, i-finbuster iyaqhubeka, kwaye i-nobackbell ifile ngokufezekileyo.

Ngenxa yokuba i-finbuster inganyuswa phantse kuwo nawuphi na umthetho oncinci, iNdlu yeNtsimbi ifuna ngokunempumelelo i 60-evotiti ye-odolo ukugqithisa amatyala amakhulu eenkqubo. Kungoko iBhathene isoloko ichazwa njenge "60-i-vote umzimba" ukuchaza okuziiNkcukucazo zelijiko, bona ingxelo yenkonzo yophando lweNqanawa ye-FOLT ye-Clombs kunye ne-CLT].

Iijoni ezimbini (67 Votes)

Umnyango ophezulu ofunekayo kushishino olusemgangathweni yindawo yesithathu yoninzi lwabaququzeleli abakhoyo kunye nokuvota (okanye womzimba opheleleyo, kuxhomekeke kwisenzo). Oku kuyafuneka:

  • Ukwahlulwa kweNtloko: Kufuna ezimbini-isithathu ezininzi ze-Senator ezikhoyo (67 ukuba zonke zikhona).
  • [[UMTL:0] Icandelo elityhalela phambili: Inqaku lesibini lifuna "Icebiso nemvume yeCandelo, linikezelwe kwisibini sesithathu samaCandelo akhoyo avumelanayo.
  • [[NTL:0] IziHlaliso zoMgaqo-siseko: Ukudlula kwendlela ecetywayo yokulungisa umGaqo-siseko kufuna uninzi lwamagumbi omabini anesithathu.
  • Veto Engakunakiyo: Ukuthatha inyathelo elingaphezulu loMongameli weveto kufuna ivoti yesithathu ezimbini zendlu nendlu yendlu.

"Ukhetho lwenyukliya" nomthetho we Byrd

"Ukhetho lwenyukliya" luyiqhinga lepalamente elivumela iNdlu yeNqanawa ukuba itshintshe imithetho yayo ngovoti olulula, igqithe iimfuno eziqhelekileyo ezimbini-isithathu zotshintsho lomthetho. Yasetyenziswa ngo 2013 ukuphelisa imfuneko yama-60-evote yolawulo kunye nezomthetho (ngaphandle kweNkundla ePhakamileyo). Yasetyenziswa kwakhona ngo-2017 ukuyiphelisa kwimiqathango yeNkundla ePhakamileyo. Umthetho we-Byrd unika umqobo wama-60-vote we-"indawo ekhoyo yolungelelaniso, enxulumene nemali, exhomekeke kwityala lohlalo.

Indima YoMongameli OnguMongameli: Igalelo lama-51

Umongameli onguMongameli oyifa le United States usebenza njenge umongameli weNdlu yeNtsimbi yeNtlanga . Phantsi . Umongameli weCandelo I, Icandelo 3, Claus 4, uMongameli ongumongameli "uya kuba akakho, ngaphandle kokuba ahluleke ngokulinganayo. Oku kusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kwimbali, kodwa kuxhaphake kakhulu. UMongameli we-Mongameli akanakuvota ukudala iqhina; angavota kuphela ukwaphula elinye. Oku kuthetha ukuba uMongameli ophetheyo angaphosa ivoti kwintshukumo eshukuma 50% wazo ezo zifileyo. Oku kusetyenziswe kakhulu kwimbali, kodwa kusenzeke kakhulu kwisigaba seqela elipheleleyo. [FF]

Imisebenzi yeKomiti: Isango lokuqala

Phambi kokuba naliphi na ityala okanye ukutyunjwa kufike kumgangatho opheleleyo weNdlu yeQembu, kufuneka isinde kwikomiti yokuvota. IBhunga leNtsimbi lahlulahlulwe ngokweekomiti ezingama-20 ezimileyo (umz., i-Judiary, iMali, iMali, Iinkonzo Zokungahlangani Kwamazwe Angaphandle, Iinkonzo Zokulwa). Iikomiti zibamba iintlanganiso zokuchonga kunye neentlanganiso zokuchola [[FLT]. Ngexesha lokuvota, amalungu ekomiti avota ekupheliseni iziphelo nokuphuma komthetho phakathi kwekomiti. Ukuba ikomiti ivota ukuchaza ityala ngokufanelekileyo, iyaya kwikhalenda yeBhunga elipheleleyo.

Isiphumo: Ubuchule bokwenza isigqibo seNdlu yeeNtlanganiso

Ukuqonda amavoti kufuneka kulandelelwe izinto ezintathu ezitshintshiweyo: indlela yokuvota (ilayisensi, icandelo, ukubiza ngocingo), umqobo ofunekayo (olula, abathathu-fiths, ababini-sithathu), kunye nomongo weprocedefical (ukuqhubeka, ukudityaniswa, isicatshulwa sokugqibela). IBhunga lenziwe ukuba libe yigumbi lokuvota elicothayo, elinokukhupha unxantathu kwiqondo elingabonwayo kwimithetho-siseko sedemokhrasi. Le mikhosi yesakhiwo iyakwazi ukunikezela kwigumbi lokusebenza.

Ingxoxo eqhubekayo emalunga ne-finbuster, umthetho wamalungelo okuvota, nokusetyenziswa kwendlela yenyukliya ibalaselisa ukuba imithetho yeNdlu yeeNtsimi ayiyomithetho emileyo kodwa yindawo yemfazwe yezobupolitika ephilayo. Ukubukela i-voti yeNdlu yeeNtlangatho kukubukela ukudibana kwe-chess ezineminyaka engama-200 ubudala.