Table of Contents

Indlu yabameli imi njengenye yezona ntlangano zibalulekileyo kulawulo-mpukane lwaseMerika, isebenza njengelizwi elingqalileyo labantu kurhulumente worhulumente worhulumente. Njengegumbi elisezantsi leKhomishini yaseUnited States, idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulungiseni umthetho, imele ii-constituences ezahlukeneyo, kwaye igcine inkqubo yokuhlola kunye nolungelelwaniso oluchaza ulawulo lwe-Melika. Kubemi abafuna ukuqonda indlela abasebenza ngayo urhulumente wabo nendlela abanokuba nenxaxheba ngayo ngokunempumelelo kwinkqubo yedemokhrasi, ukuqondwa ngokunzulu kweNdluko yabameli kungundoqo.

Isiseko Nenjongo Yendlu

Indlu yabameli ligumbi leBhunga leBhunga leMidlalo laseUnited States, elisebenza njengendlu esezantsi ecaleni kweNdlu yeeNdlu yeeNdlu zeMali eUnited States njengendlu ephezulu, namagumbi omabini anegunya phantsi kweGatya loMgaqo-siseko omnye we-U. Abaseki abaFundi Bezibonelelo bayila iNdlu yorhulumente ukuba ibe lisebe elikufutshane nabantu, namalungu anyulwa ngokuthe ngqo ngabemi ukuba amele izilangazelelo zabo kwinkqubo yowiso-mthetho.

Ukwakhiwa kwendlu kwamiselwa liGatya Elinye loMgaqo-siseko waseUnited States, elabeka isiseko sequmrhu elimeleyo eliza kukhula lize lizivelele nohlanga. Abaququzeleli bacinga ngesakhiwo esinamandla esiza kwanda njengoko abemi belizwe babeza kwanda, beqinisekisa ukuba amaMelika asoloko efumana umelo olufikelelekayo kurhulumente wawo. Lo mbono wabonakalisa iinjongo zedemokhrasi apho uhlanga lwalumiselwe khona.

Ukwakhiwa Nokwakhiwa Kwendlu

Umzimba wama-435-Member

Inani labameli bokuvota eNdlu limiswe ngumthetho ongekho ngaphezulu kwama- 435, ngokulinganayo emela abemi bama-50. Eli nani liye lahlala lingaguquguquki ukususela ngowe-1912, xa uMthetho wokuVunyelwa kweNdlu yowama-29 wabeka phantsi inani lamalungu okuvota ngo- 435. Ngamnye waba bameli ukhonza isithili esikhethekileyo sombutho kwiphondo labo, esebenza njengonxibelelwano oluphambili phakathi koorhulumente babo norhulumente worhulumente.

Isigqibo sokuvala iNdlu engama-465 amalungu anentsingiselo ebalulekileyo yembali. Ingqungquthela isoloko yandisa ubungakanani beNdlu ukuphendula ulwando lwabemi de yamisela inani lamalungu eNdlu yokuvota ngowama-35 ngo1911. Le ntambo ihleli kwindawo yayo njengokuba inani labemi base-U.S. liye laphindaphindwe kathathu ukususela ngelo xesha, ithetha ukuba ummeli ngamnye ngoku usebenza ngoku ngokungaphezulu kakhulu kwenkulungwane edluleyo kunalawo aphambili.

Ukhuthuzo nomelo olusekelwe kuluntu

Enye yeempawu ezichazayo zendlu kukuba ukumela kusekelwe kubemi, ukuyahlula kwiBhunga ngalinye apho urhulumente afumana umelo olulinganayo kungakhathaliseki ubungakanani balo. Ukukhutshwa yinkqubo yokwahlula amalungu angama-435 phakathi kwamazwe angama-50, kunye neBreaurage eqhuba ukubala abantu ngexesha leminyaka eli-10 kwaye esebenzisa iziphumo ukubala inani lamalungu endlu apho urhulumente ngamnye enelungelo.

UMgaqo-siseko unika ukuba urhulumente ngamnye uza kuba nelungu elinye elincinane kwiNdlu yabameli base-U.S., aze ke amanani ahlula izihlalo eziseleyo ezingama-385 phakathi kwamazwe angama-50. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba kwanamazwe amancinane analo ilizwi eNdlu, ngeli lixa amazwe amakhulu efumana ngomlinganiselo omkhulu abameli ababonakalisa abemi bawo abangakumbi.

Ngo-1941 kwaye yasetyenziswa ngobalo lwamanani olunye emva koko, indlela yomlinganiselo olinganayo ibala ixabiso eliphambili ngokwahlula abemi belizwe ngalinye ngokwendlela elandelelanayo yezihlalo zalo zangoku nezilandelayo, kwabelwa izihlalo ezingama-51 ukuya kuma-435. Le ndlela yezibalo iqinisekisa ukwenziwa kobulungisa kwezihlalo zombutho ezisekelwe kutshintsho lwabemi olutyhilwe lubalo lwabemi lweminyaka edlulileyo.

Ngokwentlawulo esekelwe kubalo lwama-2020 eUnited States, isithili ngasinye simele umlinganiselo wabantu abangama-761 169. Oku kuthetha ukuba ummeli ngamnye kwiNdlu uthetha ngamakhulu amawaka abantu abahlala apho, nto leyo eyenza unxibelelwano olunempumelelo nomelo lube lucelomngeni noxanduva.

Abathunywa Abangathabathi-nxaxheba nomelo olungaqhelekanga

Ngaphaya kwamalungu angama-435 ovota, iNdlu iquka abathunywa abangabo abangengobameli bamali e-U.S. kunye neSithili saseColumbia. Okwangoku, kukho abathunywa abahlanu abamele iSithili saseColumbia, iZiqithi eziNcasawu, iGuam, iSamoa, kunye neCommonwealth of the Northern Marianaria Islands, kunye nomphathi-sakhamathisi omela iPuerto Rico. Ngelixa aba bangenako ukuvota kwinyathelo lokugqibela lomthetho kumgangatho weNdlukwano, bangathatha inxaxheba kumsebenzi wamakomiti, bazise amatyala, bazise izibhexhozo, kunye nabameli beenjongo zabo.

Imithetho yenkonzo nokhetho

Amalungu eNdlu akhonza ixesha elisisigxina leminyaka emibini, nesihlalo ngasinye sinyulwa ngaphambi kokuqalisa kweKhomishini elandelayo. Lo mjikelo mfutshane wonyulo wacetyelwa ngabom ukugcina abameli benoxanduva olusondeleyo kwingingqi zabo. Eli gama leminyaka emibini lithetha ukuba amalungu kufuneka abuyele rhoqo kwisithili sawo, aphulaphule abavoti, aze athethelele iingxelo zawo zomthetho ukuba anqwenela ukuqhubeka ekhonza.

Ummeli ngamnye unyulwa kwibinzana elineminyaka emibini elikhonza abantu besithili esithile sombutho. Lo mjikelo wonyulo othe rhoqo wahlula iNdlu kwiNdlu yeNdlu yeeNtlanganiso, apho amalungu asebenza khona ngokweentetho ezineminyaka emithandathu. Amabinzana amafutshane aqinisekisa ukuba iNdlu iyaqhubeka isabela kwimbono kawonke-wonke kwaye itshintsha iimeko zobupolitika, iyenza ibe yeyona gumbi elinamandla nelinoxanduva leBhunga.

Amagunya Neembopheleleko Ezisisiseko

Igunya loMthetho

Umsebenzi oyintloko weNdlu yabameli kukwenza, ukuphikisana, nokudlulisela umthetho wesizwe. Nganye, iNdlu kunye neNdlu yeNdlu kunye neNdlu yeNdlu yeNdlela inegunya phantsi kweQhinga Elinye lomGaqo-siseko wase-U.S. elibala imicimbi yokudlulisa okanye ukoyisa umthetho wesizwe, owaziwa ngokuba ngamatyala, kwaye ezo zidluliswa yiBhunga zithunyelwa kumongameli ukuze kutyikitywe okanye kufakwe umthetho. Eli gunya lowiso-mthetho liquka nxalenye nganye yenkqubo yemithetho yesizwe, ukusuka ekuhlawuleni nasekuhlawuleleni irhafumeleni intlalo kunye neenkqubo zoluntu.

Inkqubo yowiso-mthetho ekwiNdlu yeNdlu yeMimandla intsokothileyo kwaye iyakhulula, ibandakanya amaqondo amaninzi okuzihlola, ingxoxo, kunye nokulungisa. IiBhili zingaziswa lilungu ngalinye leNdlu, kwaye zidla ngokuvavanywa ngokweekomiti, ingxoxo yomgangatho, kunye nokuvota ngaphambi kokuba zidlulele kwiNdlu yeeNtlanganiso. Le nkqubo iqinisekisa ukuba umthetho ufumana uxilongwe ngokucokisekileyo ngokweembono ezininzi ngaphambi kokuba ube ngumthetho.

Amandla aGqibayo Ngaphezu kweeBhili zeNgeniso

Elinye lawona magunya abalulekileyo eNdlu engoorhulumente ligunya layo elisemgceni phezu komthetho-siseko wengeniso. Amandla apheleleyo eNdlu aquka ukuqalisa zonke iindleko zengeniso, ukutyumba amagosa karhulumente, nokunyula umongameli ukuba akukho mvoti-mninzi kwiKoliji ye-Electoral. Eli gunya ngaphezu kwerhafu kunye nengeniso libonakalisa inkolelo yabaHlaziyi yokuba amandla erhafu kufuneka ahlale kwigumbi elinetyala elithe ngqo kubantu.

Eli gunya likhethekileyo lithetha ukuba onke amatyala anxulumene nokunyusa ingeniso ($kuquka umthetho werhafu, irejista, nezinye iintlobo zengeniso karhulumente--"kufuneka zivele kwiNdlu yabameli.] Ngoxa iNdlu yeeNdlu yeeNgwevu inokuthi icebise ukubuyiselwa kwamatyala engeniso, ayinakuwaqalisa. Oku kwenza iNdlu ibe nempembelelo enkulu kumgaqo-mali kunye noqingqo-mali lwamazwe.

Amandla Okufuna Izinto

Indlu inegunya elipheleleyo lokukhupha amagosa aseburhulumenteni, kuquka uMongameli, uMongameli, uVikelo, namanye amagunya asekuhlaleni. Ukugweba kusisityholo esisemthethweni sokuziphatha okubi, esifana nesomthetho wolwaphulo-mthetho. Xa iNdlu ivota ukubeka igosa elinye, ayimsusi umntu eofisini; endaweni yoko, ithumela elo tyala kwiBhunga, eliqhuba ityala kwaye ligqibe enoba liyalibamba okanye liyalisusa kusini na igosa.

Eli gunya lisebenza njengovavanyo olubalulekileyo kumasebe aphetheyo nagwebayo, kuqinisekiswa ukuba akukho gosa lesizwe lingaphezulu kumthetho. Kuyo yonke imbali yaseMerika, iNdlu iye yasebenzisa eli gunya ngokuncipha kodwa ngokuphawulekayo, ngokutyumba oomongameli, abagwebi, nakwabanye amagosa xa kuvela izityholo ezinzulu zokuziphethe kakubi.

Indima Kunyulo lobuMongameli

Kwimeko enqabileyo yokuba kungabikho mvoti womongameli ofumana uninzi lwezivoti zeElectoral College, iNdlu inembopheleleko engokomGaqo-siseko yokunyula uMongameli. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, abathunywa borhulumente ngamnye eNdlu bavota kunye nenkoliso yamazwe afunekayo ukunyula umongameli. Ngoxa oku kuvumelana kuye kwacelwa izihlandlo ezimbalwa kwimbali yamaMelika, kumela ifashoni ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yonyulo lomongameli.

Ukulawula Nophando

Ngaphandle kokubekwa komthetho, iNdlu inegunya elibalulekileyo lokuvelela amasebe aphetheyo kunye namasebe karhulumente. Ngokuva, uphando, nezicelo zolwazi, iikomiti zeNdlu ziqwalasela indlela esetyenziswa ngayo imithetho, indlela echithwa ngayo imali ehlawulwayo, nokuba amaziko karhulumente ayayiphumeza ngokunempumelelo nangendlela efanelekileyo na imigaqo yokuziphatha.

Lo msebenzi wobuveleli ubalulekile ekulondolozeni ukuphendula korhulumente. Iikomiti zendlu zingafaka amangqina, zicela amaxwebhu, zize ziqhube uphando malunga nesenzo esiphosakeleyo okanye ukungafezeki kwisebe elilawulayo. Eli gunya liqinisekisa ukuba isebe lemithetho liyakwazi ukuvavanya igunya elilawulayo lize likhusele umdla woluntu.

Inkqubo yeKomiti: I-injini yomsebenzi woMthetho

Isizathu Sokuba Kubaluleke Iikomiti

Iikomiti zendlu ziqwalasela amatyala neenkupho kunye namaqumrhu olawulo, iinkqubo, kunye nemisebenzi ekwimimandla yazo. Inkqubo yeekomiti isoloko ichazwa njengendawo apho umsebenzi wokwenene weBhunga leNkomfa usenzeka khona. Ngamalungu angama-435 namawaka eendleko asungulweyo kwintlanganiso nganye, bekungayi kubakho nokwenzeka ukuba iNdlu epheleleyo iqwalasele ngokucokisekileyo kwicandelo ngalinye lomthetho. Iikomiti zicombulula le ngxaki ngokwahlula umsebenzi phakathi kwamaqela amancinane, akhethekileyo.

Zintathu iikomiti: ukuma, ukukhetha, nokudibanisa, neekomiti ezimileyo zikwiikomiti ezisisigxina ezigunyaziso lwazo lucaciswe kwiNdlu yeMimiselo. Esi sakhiwo sombutho sivumela amalungu ukuba aphuhlise ubuchule kwimimandla ethile yezomgaqo-nkqubo kwaye siqinisekisa ukuba umthetho ufumana uhlolo olucokisekileyo, olunolwazi ngaphambi kokufikelela kumgangatho wendlu.

Iikomiti Ezimileyo

IiKomiti ezimileyo zijonge amatyala, ukuqhuba ukhokelo, nokulungisa umthetho ngokucebisa kwazo. Ezi komiti zisisigxina zigubungela iindawo ezibanzi zomgaqo-nkqubo kwaye zichaza amagunya amiselwe yimithetho yendlu. Okwangoku, iNdlu igcine iikomiti ezimalunga nama-20 ezimileyo, nganye ibhekisa kwimimandla ethile yenkqubo karhulumente.

Ezinye zeekomiti ezinempembelelo engakumbi ziquka ezi:

  • IKomiti yoNcedo: Ikomiti ekwindlela nangandlela yikomiti endala emileyo kwiNdlu yabameli, edalwe okokuqala njengekomiti ekhethiweyo kwiBhunga le-1 ngoJulayi 24, 1789, kwaye ibe yikomiti emileyo kwiBhunga le-4(1795-1777). Le komiti iphatha umthetho werhafu, inkqubo yezorhwebo, kunye noKhuseleko lwentlalo.
  • [[UMTL:0] IKomiti yokuProfelisa: Le komiti enamandla ilawula inkcitho karhulumente ngokugqiba ukuba bameli nocwangciso olufumana imali engakanani na nyaka ngamnye.
  • IKomiti yeeNkonzo zokuxhotyiswa: ijonga iSebe lokhuselo kunye nenkqubo yomkhosi, kuquka ukusetyenziswa kwemali yokhuseleko kunye nemisebenzi yomkhosi.
  • IKomiti yoququzelelo: Isalathisi somthetho onxulumene nenkqubo yenkundla yelizwe, iinguqu zomgaqo-siseko, umthetho wolwaphulo-mthetho, kunye nokufuduka.
  • [[UMTL:0] IKomiti yorhwebo: Enye yeekomiti ezibanzi, enegunya kunonophelo lwempilo, unxibelelwano, ukhuseleko lwabathengi, kunye nenkqubo yamandla.

Khetha kunye neeKomiti ezizodwa

Iikomiti ezikhethiweyo zidla ngokudalwa sisigqibo sokuqhuba uphando okanye ziqwalasele amanyathelo, adla ngokuwaqwalasela kumxholo othile, kwaye azivuselelwanga ngokusisigxina ngokuchasene okuphawulekayo neKomiti Yokukhetha Esisigxina ekwiNgqino. Ezi komiti zexeshana zisungulelwa ukuphendula imiba ethile okanye ukuqhuba uphando oluthile olungeyondlela ephantsi kwemithetho yeekomiti ezimileyo okanye olufuna ingqalelo eqwalaselweyo.

Iikomiti ezikhethiweyo zifezisile indima ebalulekileyo kuyo yonke imbali yombutho, ziphengulula yonke into ukusuka kwimisebenzi yobulumko ukuya kucelomngeni oluthile lomgaqo-nkqubo. Ngelixesha zinezixa ezisikelwe umda, ezinye iikomiti ezikhethiweyo zingqiniswe zixabiseke kakhulu kangangokuba zisoloko zisebenza ngokusisigxina kwindlu.

Ikomitana esezantsi: Ujoliso olukhethekileyo

Iikomiti ezingaphantsi zisekwa ziikomiti ezininzi ukwabelana ngemisebenzi ethile kwimithetho yekomiti epheleleyo, kwaye zinomthwalo wemfanelo wokusebenza nokusebenza ngaphakathi kokhokelo olumiselwe ziikomiti ezingobazali bazo. La maqela mancinane avumela uhlolo olunobuchule ngakumbi lwemibandela engaphakathi kolawulo olubanzi lwekomiti.

Imithetho kwiNdlu yabameli yase-U.S. imisela ikomiti nganye epheleleyo kwiikomiti ezisezantsi ezintlanu, ngaphandle kweekomiti ezincinci (12 iikomiti ezingaphantsi), iiNkonzo zokuHlanganisa (7), iMicimbi yaMazwe (7), kunye neNdlela kunye neSindululo (6). Esi sakhiwo siqinisekisa ukuba iindawo ezintsonkothileyo zifumana ingqalelo enzulu kumalungu anezigqibo ezithile okanye umdla kwimibandela ethile.

Ukhokelo nemisebenzi yeKomiti

Izihlalo zekomiti zikhethwa nokuba ngawaphi amaqela akwisininzi, kwaye iqela elincinane likhetha amalungu aphezulu ukuze liwakhokele. Isitulo sekomiti sinegunya elibalulekileyo, ukulawula ucwangciso lwekomiti, ukugqiba ukuba ngawaphi amatyala afumana ukuviwa, kunye noovimba bekomiti kunye nabasebenzi.

Abameli bafuna izithuba kwiikomiti ezilawula imimandla apho banobuchule okanye abaxhasa izilangazelelo zesithili sabo. Izabelo zeKomiti zingawubumba ngokuphawulekayo umsebenzi welungu kunye nokuphumelela kwiBhunga. Ummeli wesithili sezolimo angafuna indawo yokuhlala kwiKomiti yezeLimo, ngelixa ilungu elinemvelaphi yezezimali lingafuna isikhundla kwiKomiti yeeNkonzo zeMali.

Inkqubo yokwabela amalungu kwiikomiti zekomiti zolawulo lweqela ngalinye iphethwe yikomiti yokuqhuba, eqwalasela oothunywashe abafana nezinto ezikhethwa ngamalungu, ubuchule, ubungangamsha, neemfuno zesithili sawo. Ezi zabelo ngoko zivunywa ngecaucus yeqela elipheleleyo kwaye ekugqibeleni yiNdlu ngokwayo ngokusamkela izigqibo.

Indlela Asebenza Ngayo Amakomiti

Iikomiti ziqhuba umsebenzi wazo ngemisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo:

  • IiKomiti ezivayo: ziqulathe iimvo zokuqokelela ulwazi ngemibandela ephantsi kwegunya lazo, ubungqina bokuva obuvela kumangqina olwazi, amagosa karhulumente, kunye nabagcini-tyala abachaphazelekileyo.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Intlanganiso zephawu: Ngexesha lophawu, amalungu ekomiti engxoxo kunye neendleko zokucima phambi kokuvota nokuba ungazixela kwindlu epheleleyo.
  • Imisebenzi ebanzi: Iikomiti ezijonga abameli besebe abaphetheyo kunye neenkqubo, ziqinisekisa ukuba zisebenza ngokunempumelelo kwaye ngokuhambelana nenjongo yengqungquthela.
  • Iinvestigtion: Xa kuyimfuneko, iikomiti ziqhuba uphengululo kukwenza ulwaphulo-mthetho olutyholweyo, ukungaphumeleli kwemigaqo, okanye eminye imicimbi yoluntu.
  • Iingxelo kunye nezicelo: Iikomiti zivelisa iingxelo zomthetho nemibandela, zinika uhlalutyo kunye nezincomo kwindlu epheleleyo.

Ukhokelo Endlwini

Umthethi Wendlu

Igosa elinolawulo lisisithethi seNdlu, esinyulwa ngamalungu ayo. USithethi yeyona ndawo inamandla eNdlu, kwaye owesibini kulandelelwano lomongameli emva koMongameli onguMongameli. USithethi ulilungu eliyintloko leqela elininzi yaye unyulwa yiNdlu epheleleyo ekuqaleni kweBhunga ngalinye elitsha.

Imbopheleleko namandla oMthethi aquka:

  • Ukukhokela umgangatho wendlu nokugcina ucwangco
  • Ukubeka amatyala kwiikomiti ezifanelekileyo
  • Amalungu amisela ukukhetha iikomiti neekomiti zenkomfa
  • Ukukhuthaza ucwangciso lomthetho nokugqiba ukuba zeziphi iindleko eziza kungena kumgangatho
  • Ukukhonza njengomntu oqhelekileyo nongummeli weNdlu
  • Ukudlala indima ephambili ekuthetheni neBhunga, uMongameli nezinye iinkokeli zezobupolitika

Ukuba Nentloko Nokhokelo Oluncinane

Imithetho yeNdlu idla ngokuthetha ngezahlulo ezimbini zenkqubo, neqela elininzi kurhulumente, kunye neqela elincinane elichasayo. Ngaphaya koSpeaker, uninzi kunye neqela elincinane linyule iinkokeli ezongezelelweyo ukukhokela imigaqo yabo yomthetho nokulungelelanisa ucwangciso lwemithetho.

Iqela elininzi likhetha iMajority Host, ekhonza njengelungu lesibini elibekwa kwindawo yeqela elininzi kwaye incedisa uMthethi ekulawuleni ucwangciso lowiso-mthetho kunye necebo leqela. Iqela elininzi likwakhetha iMajonity Wip, elijongene nobalo lwevoti nokuqinisekisa ukuba amalungu eqela axhasa ezomthetho ziphambili zolawulo.

Iqela elincinane likhetha iNkokeli eMncinci, esebenza njengentloko yenkcaso kwaye ikhokela imigudu yeqela elincinane ukuphembelela umthetho kunye nemigaqo ekhoyo. Iqela elincinane likwane-Wpit encinane eyenza imisebenzi efanayo yokuvota kunye neyokudibanisa amalungu eqela labo.

IiNgqungquthela NeeNgqungquthela Zeqela

Iqela ngalinye ligcina i-caucus (iiDemokrats) okanye ingqungquthela (iiRepublics) equka onke amalungu eqela kwiNdlu. Le mibutho ihlanganisana rhoqo ukuxubusha amaqhinga, ukhokelo olunyuliweyo, kwaye yenza izigqibo malunga nezabelo zekomiti kunye nezikhundla zamaqela equmrhu. Iingqungquthela neengquthela zidlala iindima ezibalulekileyo ekulolongeni ibutho kunye necebo lowiso-mthetho.

Inkqubo Yomthetho Endlwini

Indlela Ibhili Eba Ngumthetho Ngayo

Inkqubo yokuba imali ibe ngumthetho ngayo eNdlu ibandakanya amanqanaba amaninzi, enzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba iqwalaselwa ngokucokisekileyo yaye ixutyushwa:

Ingeniso: Naliphi na ilungu leNdlu lingazisa ityala ngokulinikezela kuMphathi weNdlu. Imali ifumana inani (H.R. kwiphepha lendlu) kwaye ibhekiswa kwikomiti efanelekileyo esekelwe kumbandela wayo.

Ukucingela: Ikomiti ihlola ityala, inokuba namava ukuze iqokelele ulwazi kunye neembono. Ikomiti ingalungisa ityala ngexesha lentlanganiso yokunyusa iphawulwe ize ivote ukuba ingayichaza ngokufanelekileyo na kwindlu epheleleyo. Iindleko ezininzi zifa kwikomiti kwaye zingaze zifumane ulwando olubhekele phaya.

IKomiti: Kumthetho obalulekileyo, ityala kufuneka lidlule kwiKomiti yeMimiselo, emisela imibandela yengxoxo kumgangatho wendlu, kuquka ixesha eliza kwabelwa ingxubusho nokuba ngaba iinguqu zinokunikezelwa kusini na.

[[UMTHETHO: 0] Ingxoxo ebanzi: Imali ixutyushwa kumgangatho wendlu ngokwemithetho emiselwe yiKomiti yemithetho. Amalungu angathetha okanye athethe ngokuchasene netyala, kwaye ingxubusho inganikelwa kwaye ivotelwe ngokuxhomekeke kwingxoxo yolawulo lomthetho.

Ukuvota: Emva kwengxoxo equkunjelweyo, iNdlu ivota kwimali. Uninzi olulula lwabo bakhoyo novoti luyafuneka ukuze kudlule. Indlu isebenzisa iindlela ezininzi zokuvota, kuquka iivoti zelizwi, iivoti zecandelo, kunye neevoti ezirekhodiweyo.

[[Ulwaluko: 0] Uqwalaselo olubalulekileyo: Ukuba iNdlu igqithisa uxwebhu, isiya kwindlu yendlu ukuze iqwalaselwe. IBhunga leNtlanganiso malidlulise uhlobo olufanayo loxwebhu lwemali ukuze iqhubeke kuMongameli.

Isenzo sePredified Action: Ukuba la maqela omabini adlula iinguqulelo ezifanayo zomthetho, uya kuMongameli, ongayisayina kumthetho, i-veto, okanye ayivumele ukuba ibe ngumthetho ngaphandle kosayino emva kweentsuku ezilishumi (ukuba iBhunga leNtlanganiso lisentlanganisweni).

Iinkqubo nemithetho ekhethekileyo

Indlu isebenza phantsi kwemithetho entsonkothileyo kunye neenkqubo ezilawula indlela eqwalaselwa ngayo umthetho. Le mithetho ingaba nempembelelo ephawulekayo kwiindleko ezithathwayo nokuqwalaselwa kwazo nendlela ezixutyushwa ngayo. Iqela elikhulu, ngolawulo lwalo lweKomiti yeMimiselo kunye ne-ofisi yoMlawuli, lisebenzisa ulawulo oluthe kratya kwinkqubo yemithetho kunye nocwangciso.

Ezinye izikweleti ziqwalaselwa phantsi "kokusetyenziswa kwemithetho," inkqubo esetyenziswayo kumthetho ongadibaniyo ofuna ivoti ezi-3 ezimbini zokudlula kodwa imida yokuphikisana nokuthintela ukubuyiselwa. Ezinye iindleko zingaqwalaselwa phantsi kwemithetho ekhethekileyo ethethana ngesakhiwo ngeendlela ezithile ukulungiselela ukudlula okanye ukuqinisekisa ukuba imibandela ethile iqwalaselwe.

Isalathisi somsebenzi

Indima Yommeli

Amalungu endlu asebenza iindima ezimbini: ngabenzi bomthetho abathatha inxaxheba ekuqulunqeni inkqubo yesizwe, kwaye ngabameli abaxhasa izilangazelelo ezikhethekileyo neemfuno zesithili sabo. Ukulinganiswa kwezi ndima kufuna ukuba amalungu ahlale enxulumene neenkonzo zawo lo gama eqwalasela izilangazelelo zohlanga ezibanzi.

Abameli bahlala behleli kwiofisi eWashington, D.C., nakwizithili zabo. Iiofisi zesithili zivumela amalungu ukuba ahlale efikeleleka kwimibutho nakwiinkxalabo zasekuhlaleni, ngelixa ii-ofisi zabo zeWashington zibavumela ukuba babe nenxaxheba kwimisebenzi yowiso-mthetho nakumsebenzi weekomiti.

Iinkonzo ezi-Ofisi

Inxalenye ebalulekileyo yomsebenzi wommeli ibandakanya ukunceda abaququzeleli abaya kuhlola ulawulo lweenkqubo. Le misebenzi isenokuquka:

  • Ukunceda kwimiba yoKhuseleko loLuntu okanye yeMidlalo
  • Ukunceda amagqala angenele iinkonzo neenkonzo
  • Ukucombulula iingxaki namaqumrhu karhulumente
  • Ukunika iinkcukacha ngeenkqubo neenkonzo zikarhulumente
  • Ukunceda kwimicimbi yokufuduka
  • Ukunceda amaqela aqonde umthetho nemigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente

Ezi nkonzo ziluncedo ekwakheni ulwalamano phakathi kwabameli nabantu abakhonza kubo, ngoxa zikwanikela ingxelo exabisekileyo ngendlela imigaqo neenkqubo zikarhulumente ezisebenza ngayo.

Unxibelelwano Nabantu Abathethayo

Abameli bale mihla basebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ukunxibelelana nabo nokuva kwabo:

  • Iintlanganiso zeHolo eziziiNtlanganiso ezizizo: Uwonke-wonke apho abaququzeleli banokubuza imibuzo baze bavakalise inkxalabo ngqo kummeli wabo
  • [[UMTL:0] Iiyure ze-ofisi yecandelo: amaxesha amisiweyo xa abaququzeleli benokudibana nommeli okanye amalungu abasebenzi
  • Newslats kunye noHlaziya lwe-imeyili: uthungelwano oluthe rhoqo malunga nemisebenzi yowiso-mthetho kunye neendaba zesithili
  • [[NTL:0] Media: Iinformations ezifana ne Twitter, Facebook, kunye ne Istagram zivumela abameli ukwabelana ngolwazi kwaye babandakanye ne ququzelelo ngexesha lokwenene
  • [[UMTL:0] IiHolo zeDolophu zeTekn: Intlanganiso zenyani ezivumela abathathi-nxaxheba ukuba babe nenxaxheba ekhaya
  • Izixhobo zokuvavanya uluvo oluqulethweyo kwimiba ethile.

Indlu Ekwinkqubo yeepetroli Nolungelelwano

Ukukhangela amandla olawulo

Indlu inendima ebalulekileyo ekuhloleni igunya lesebe elilawulayo ngeenkqubo eziliqela. Igunya layo livumela iikomiti ukuba ziphande imisebenzi yesebe elilawulayo, amagosa olawulo, zifune amaxwebhu kunye nobungqina. Amandla engxowa-mali /) igunya lendlu leendleko zikarhulumente kusetyenziswa urhulumente.

Ngenkqubo yokuququzelela, iNdlu ingaxhasa okanye ihlaziyiwe isebe eliphetheyo, ngokunempumelelo libumba oko isebe elilawulayo linokwenza kwaye lingakwazi ukukwenza. Eli gunya lisebenza njengeliso elizingisileyo kwigunya lomongameli kwaye liqinisekisa ukuba isebe eliphetheyo lihlala linetyala kwiBhunga, kwaye, ngokubhekele phaya, kubantu baseMerika.

Ulwalamano NeBhunga

Indlu neNdlu yeNdlu yeNdlu mayisebenze kunye ukudlulisa umthetho, ukwenza inkqubo yokuhlola kunye nolungelelwano. La magumbi mabini ngokufuthi aneembono ezahlukeneyo kwimibandela yenkqubo, ebonisa izakhiwo zawo ezahlukeneyo kunye nee-contituences. Indlu, enamagama amafutshane kunye nomelo olusekelwe kubemi, idla ngokusabela ngakumbi kwiimvakalelo ezikhawulezileyo zikawonke-wonke, ngelixa iBhunga, ngelixa lineembono ezinde kunye nomelo olulinganayo, isoloko ithatha indlela yokuzithethelela.

Xa amagumbi amabini egqitha iinguqulelo ezahlukeneyo zomthetho omnye, kufuneka alungelelanise umahluko ngekomiti yengqungquthela okanye ngenkqubo yokulungisa kunye nokubuyisela. Le mfuneko yesivumelwano se-bigamel iqinisekisa ukuba umthetho ufumana uqwalaselwa ngokucokisekileyo ngokweembono ezininzi phambi kokuba ube ngumthetho.

Ukusebenzisana Nesebe Lejaji

Nangona iNdlu ingenayo intsebenziswano engqalileyo nesebe eligwebayo kunesebe eliphetheyo, isasebenza indima ebalulekileyo ngokunxulumene neenkundla. Indlu inenxaxheba ekukhutshelweni kweejaji zikarhulumente, inikela ingcebiso ngehambo ephosakeleyo yomthetho. Ngomthetho, iNdlu ikwanokubumba igunya nesakhiwo seenkundla zikarhulumente, nangona ingenakuphazamisana nezigwebo zomthetho ngazinye.

Ucelomngeni Nempikiswano Zangoku

Umelo nobungakanani beSithili

Enye ingxubusho eqhubekayo ixhalabisa enoba abameli abangama-435 banele kuhlanga olunabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-330. Ummeli ngamnye ngoku usebenza umlinganiselo wabantu abangaphezu kwama-760 000, bambi baphikisa ngelithi iNdlu ifanele yandiselwe ukuphucula imbonakalo nokufikelela. Abanye bathi ukwandisa iNdlu kuya kwenza ukuba ingalawuleki kwaye ingaphumeleli.

Ubungakanani obusisigxina bendlu buchaphazela iElectoral College, ekubeni amavoti karhulumente ngamnye elingana nenani elidityanisiweyo leqela labaququzeleli kunye nabameli. Ukutshintsha kokwahlulwa kwendlu ngoko kuchaphazela ngaphaya komelo lwengqungquthela.

Name

Indlu iye yafumana ukwanda kokurhoxa kwamacandelo okukhetha kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje, namalungu amabini aphambili eqela lokuvota kwimida yeqela ngokungaguqukiyo nokufumana izizathu ezingephi ezidibeneyo kwimibandela yemigaqo-nkqubo. Oku kuthatyathwa kommandla wephondo kunokwenza kube nzima ukusebenzisana kwe-bipartis kwaye kusenokufak' isandla ekufakeni ingxubevange yemithetho kwimicimbi ephikisanayo.

Izizathu zokuthath'a kwaye zididane, kuquka izinto ezifana nezenzo zokulungisa imimandla, ukutshintsha kosetyenziso lwamajelo-ndaba, ukwahlukana okunzulu kwezentlalo nenkcubeko. Ukuthetha ngokusuk ’ iliso ngexesha logcino-lwazi olusempilweni yedemokhrasi kuselucelomngeni oluqhubekayo lwezi ziko.

Ukuphinda-phinda uhlaziyo

Inkqubo yokuphinda utsale imida yesithili emva kokuba ubalo-ndaba ngalunye luye lwanempikiswano eqhubekayo. Abahlalutyi baphikisa ngelithi ihlolo elitsala ihlosi litsala isithili ukuxhasa elinye iqela ngaphezu kwelinye, kwaye inegalelo ekususeni amacala afihlakeleyo ngokudala izihlalo ezikhuselekileyo apho abameli bajamelana nokhuphiswano oluncinane.

Kuye kwacetywa iinguqu ezahlukahlukeneyo ukuchaza iGgerrymandering, kuquka iikhomishini ezizimeleyo zokuhlaziya kunye neendlela zezibalo zokuzoba izithili. Ingxoxo ngezenzo zokuhlaziya iyaqhubeka ibumba iingxoxo malunga nomelo kunye nokukhetha okusesikweni.

Imali yeCandelo noNkhlutho

Indleko yokubaleka kweKhonkcotha-ngquthela iye yanda ngokuphawulekayo kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje, inkxalabo ebangelwa yimpembelelo yemali kwezobupolitika nokuba inkqubo yezemali yephulo ibangela imiqobo ekungeneni kwabo bangaba ngabanyuli. Umjikelo wonyulo weminyaka emibini uthetha ukuba amalungu endlu kufuneka asoloko eqokelela imali, nto leyo abagxeki abayiphikisayo ephazamisayo kumsebenzi wemithetho-mthetho kunye nenkonzo yequmrhu.

Indlela Abemi Abanokuba Nayo Endlwini

Ukunxibelelana Nommeli Wakho

Enye yezona ndlela zingqalileyo zokudibana nendlu kukuqhagamshelana nommeli wakho. Ungafumana ummeli wakho esebenzisa izixhobo zekhompyutha ezinikwa yi House of Messistrates webhsayithi ye- kwi-www.house.gov[. Xa uthe wawaqonda ummeli wakho, ungafikelela ngaphandle:

  • ` Phone'. Biza iWashington yabo, D.C., iofisi okanye iofisi yesithili ukuchaza iimbono zakho ngoncedo lomthetho okanye lwesicelo
  • [[UMTL:0] Iifomu zoqhagamshelwano ze-'meyile' okanye zoqhagamshelwano lwangaphakathi: Abameli abaninzi bagcina iiwebsi ezineefomu zoqhakamshelwano olungundoqo
  • [[UMTL: 0] Iileta zeWritten: I-imeyile yesithethe ihlala iyindlela esebenzayo yokunxibelelana nenkcazo okanye iindawo
  • I- Media: Abameli abaninzi bajonga ii-akhawunti zabo zencoko yababini kwaye baphendule kwimiyalezo eququzelelayo
  • Kwiintlanganiso zePerson: iintlanganiso zesicelo ngexesha lomsebenzi wesithili xa abameli besekhaya besuka eWashington

Ukuba Nenxaxheba KwiiHolo Zedolophana NakwiiNkundla Zoluntu

Iintlanganiso zeholo yedolo kunye neenkundla zikawonke-wonke zinika amathuba okubandakanyeka ngqo nabameli bakho kunye nabanye abantu abakwizikhundla. Ezi ziganeko zikuvumela ukuba ubuze imibuzo, uchaze inkxalabo, uze uphulaphule iindawo zommeli wakho kwimicimbi. Zikwabonisa abameli ukuba yeyiphi imibandela ebaluleke kakhulu kwii-ofisi zabo.

Ukungqinelana Phambi KwamaKomiti

Iikomiti zendlu zisoloko ziqulunqa amatyala emithetho nemibandela yezomthetho, kwaye zisoloko zimema ubungqina basesidlangalaleni. Ukuba unolwazi okanye amava anxulumene nomsebenzi wekomiti, ungakwazi ukungqinela nokufak' isandla kwinkqubo yowiso-mthetho. Nokuba awungqinisi ngobuqu, iikomiti ezininzi ziyamkela iingxelo ezibhaliweyo zengxelo.

Emva Komsebenzi Womthetho

Ukuhlala wazi ngoko kwenziwa yiNdlu kubalulekile ukuze ikwazi ukubhalisana ngokunempumelelo.

  • I-' I-Conrer.gov: Iwebhsayithi esemthethweni yokulandelela umthetho wequmrhu, imisebenzi yekomiti, neerekhodi zombutho
  • C-SPAN: Ibonelela ngentlawulo ephilayo yemicimbi yomgangatho wendlu kunye nokuchongwa kweekomiti
  • Indlu.gov: Iwebhsayithi yeNdlu esemthethweni enolwazi ngamalungu, iikomiti, kunye neenkqubo
  • Committee Website: Iikomiti nganye zigcina ii-website ezinenkcazelo ngemisebenzi yazo, iindlebe, kunye nomthetho
  • News Media: imithombo yeendaba egqalwayo inikezela ngentlawulo nohlalutyo lwemisebenzi yentlanganiso
  • GovTrack: Iwebhsayithi ezimeleyo ku www.govrack.us egcina umthetho ibonelela izixhobo zokulandela umsebenzi wengqungquthela

Ukuncedisa Nokuthabatha Inxaxheba

Eyona ndlela ibalulekileyo yokusebenza kwindlu kukuvota. unyulo lwendlu lubakho rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini, lunika abemi amathuba okuba abameli babo baphendule yaye baphembelele ulwalathiso lweNkomfa. Ngaphandle kokuvota, abemi banokuba nenxaxheba kumaphulo, kwimisebenzi yamatsha - ntliziyo efuna ukuchongwa, yaye bafundise abanye abavoti ngemibandela nabaza kubhaptizwa.

Ukunganyaniseki kunye neGrassoots

Ukuzilungiselela kungenza abantu bathethele baze baphembelele iziphumo zomthetho. Inginginya ingangenelela okanye ixhase imibutho yokwabelana ngemicimbi exhalabisayo, ithathe inxaxheba kumaphulo okukhuthaza okanye ukuchasa umthetho, idibane namanye amaqela ukudlulisela imiyalezo emanyanisiweyo kubameli.

Ukuqonda Ikhalenda Yomthetho

Indlu isebenza kwikhalenda yowiso-mthetho equka amaxesha xa iNgqungquthela iseqesheni eWashington nasemini yokusebenza kwesithili xa amalungu ebuyela ekhaya. Ukuqonda le khalenda kunokukunceda usebenzise ixesha lokuganana kwakho ngokunempumelelo. Abameli basoloko befumaneka ngakumbi ngexesha lomsebenzi wesithili, ngoxa ukunxibelelana nawo ngexesha leengxoxo ezingundoqo zemithetho kunokukunceda uphembelele amavoti abo kwiityala ezithile.

Indima yendlu kwiingingqi zomgaqo-nkqubo

Umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali kunye nohlahlo-lwabiwo-mali

Indlu inendima ephambili kwimigaqo-nkqubo yemali karhulumente ngegunya layo lomGaqo-siseko kumatyala engeniso kunye nokuthabatha inxaxheba kwayo kwiindleko zoqingqo-mali kunye neenkqubo zokuhlaziywa kweengxelo. IKomiti yoHlahlo-mali yeNdlu iphuhlisa izigqibo zoqingqo-mali ezimisela iindleko neengeniso ezipheleleyo, ngoxa iKomiti yezeeApprogriation imisela amaqondo athile emali kumasebe neenkqubo zesebe.

Eli gunya linegunya loqoqosho linika impembelelo enkulu kwimfuno yesizwe. Izigqibo ezimalunga nerhafu, ukusetyenziswa kwemali, kunye nenkcitho yemeko yezoqoqosho, iinkonzo zikarhulumente, kunye nempilo entle yesizwe. Inkqubo yoqingqo-mali yonyaka yenye yezona mbopheleleko zibalulekileyo nezoxanduva lwendlu.

Ukhuseleko nokhuselo lwesizwe

Ngeekomiti ezinjengeeNkonzo zeNkundla, Ubuntlola, noKhuseleko lwasekhaya, iNdlu iqhuba ulawulo kwiinkqubo zokhuseleko zesizwe ize igunyazise ukusetyenziswa kwemali yokuzikhusela. Indlu kufuneka ilungelelanise ukubonelela ngobuncwane obaneleyo bokhuseleko lwesizwe kunye noxanduva lomkhosi kunye nolawulo lwemisebenzi yobuntlola.

Indima yendlu kukhuseleko lwesizwe iquka ukugunyazisa imisebenzi yomkhosi, ukuvelela amaqumrhu obulumko, nokuqinisekisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwemali yokuzikhusela kunceda izilangazelelo zesizwe ngokufezekileyo. Le mbopheleleko ifuna amalungu ukuba aphathe inkcazelo eyahlulweyo aze enze izigqibo ezinokuba neziphumo zobomi nezokufa.

Inkqubo Yonyango

Indlu inendima ephambili kwinkqubo yokunyamekela impilo ngeekomiti ezilawula iMedicare, iMedicaid, iAffordal Care Act, iinkqubo zonyango lukawonke-wonke, kunye nomthetho wezonyango. Ngokubhekiselele koko, imo yempilo imela inxalenye ebalulekileyo yokusebenzisa imali nokuphucula wonke umntu waseMerika, izigqibo zezindlu zezonyango zineziphumo ezifikelela kude.

Ukubuyiselwa kwezoqoqosho nezemali

IKomiti yeeNkonzo zeMali zeNdlu ijonge inkqubo yebhanki, iimarike zokugcinwa kweefashoni, inkqubo yezindlu, kunye nomgaqo we-inshorensi. IiNdlela kunye noMthetho we-Frames ilawula inkqubo yerhafu, elawula intshukumisa yezoqoqosho nengeniso karhulumente. Lo msebenzi uchaphazela uphuhliso lwezoqoqosho, ugcino-mali, kunye nokusasazwa kobuncwane bezoqoqosho.

Isalathisi soMsebenzi weNkqubo

Indlu ithetha ngemiba emininzi yemigaqo-nkqubo yoluntu, equka imfundo, amalungelo abantu, ukufuduka, ulwaphulo-mthetho, kunye neenkqubo zentlalo-ntle yasekuhlaleni. IKomiti yeMibutho yoLuntu isingatha amalungelo abantu nemibandela emininzi yokufuduka, ngoxa iKomiti yemfundo neyoMsebenzi ithetha ngenkqubo yemfundo kunye nomthetho wezempangelo.

Inkqubo yokusingqongileyo kunye namandla

Ngeekomiti ezifana ne-Energy, urhwebo, iZibonelelo zeNtlalo yeNdlu zitshintsha iinkqubo zokukhusela imekobume, ukuphuhliswa kwamandla nokusabela xa kutshintsha imozulu.

Indaleko nenkqubela-phambili

Ulwando Neenguqu Ekuhambeni Kwexesha

Indlu iye yaguquka ngokuphawulekayo ukususela kwiNgqungquthela yokuqala eyaqhutywa ngo-1789 enamalungu angama-65 kuphela. Njengoko eli lizwe laya landa ngenxa yokwanda kwemimandla yalo, iNdlu yanda yaze yamela amaphondo amatsha nabemi abasandayo.

Utshintsho olukhulu ngamaxesha athile luye lwayiguqula kwakhona indlu, kuquka iMithetho yoMgaqo-siseko weZenzo zonyaka ka-1946 nowe-1970, eyathi yakhupha inkqubo yeekomiti kunye nemisebenzi yembutho ecwangcisiweyo yale mihla. Olu tshintsho lubonise iimfuno kunye nocelomngeni olujongene nesi siko.

Ukuguquka Kwegunya Nokuqhelisela

Ungqinelwano lwamandla ngaphakathi kwindlu luye lwatshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, Abathethi abanamandla abafana noJoseph Canon basebenzisa ulawulo lomphathi wendlu. Utshintsho ngowe-1910-1911 lwanciphisa amandla oMthethi kwaye lwasasaza igunya ngokubanzi. Kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje, ukhokelo lweqela luye lwafumana kwakhona impembelelo ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yowiso-mthetho.

Indima yeekomiti iphinde yaguquka. Ngoxa iikomiti zisaqhubeka zisemgangathweni kwinkqubo yowiso-mthetho, ukhokelo lweqela ngoku lulawula ngakumbi imisebenzi yeekomiti kunye neziphumo zowiso-mthetho kunakumaxesha athile angaphambili.

Iinguqu zobugcisa nezoluntu

Indlu ilungelelanise utshintsho lobugcisa obuye baguqula indlela esebenza ngayo nokunxibelelana ngayo. Uthetho lukamabonwakude, ukususela ku-C-SPAN ngowe-1979, luzise iziphumo zeNdlu yaseMerika. I-intanethi kunye ne-media yezentlalo iye yayiguqula indlela abameli abanxibelelana ngayo nabantu kunye nendlela abemi abanokubandakanyeka ngayo norhulumente wabo.

Iinguqu zentlalo zikwayiguqulele indlela yokuyila le ndlu. Esi siko siye sahluka-hluka ngokuhamba kwexesha, ngamanani andayo amabhinqa, amaqela amancinane eentlanga namaqela eemvelaphi ezahlukeneyo akhonza kwiBhunga. Olu mahluko lukhulayo luye lwazisa iimbono ezintsha nezinto eziza kuqala kwinkqubo yowiso-mthetho.

Ukuthelekisa Indlu Nezinye Iibhodi Zomthetho

Indlu echasene nendlu.

Indlu yahlukile kwiBhunga leNdlu yeeNdlela ezininzi eziphambili. Indlu inkulu, enamalungu angama-435 okuvota athelekiswa nama-100 ee-senator. Amalungu endlu asebenzisa imiqathango emibini yeminyaka emalunga neminyaka emithandathu. Indlu ilungelelaniswe ngokuhambelana nemithetho engaphezulu, enolawulo lweqela elinamandla nemithetho engqongqo ngakumbi elawula ingxoxo. IBhunga livumela amalungu ngamanye ukuba abe nempembelelo ngakumbi ngoqheliselo olufana nolwe-finbuster kunye nomthetho.

Le mahluko ubonakalisa injongo yabaseki bokwakha amagumbi amabini aneempawu ezahlukeneyo.

Ukuthelekiswa Kwamazwe Ngamazwe

Indlu yabameli yase-U.S. yabelana ngeempawu ezithile nezindlu ezisezantsi kwezinye idemokhrasi, njenge British House of Commons okanye iHolo yamaKhada, kodwa ikwaneempawu ezizodwa. Inkqubo yekomiti yeNdlu yeSindlu yase-U.S. ikhuliswe kakuhle kakhulu xa ithelekiswa nezinye izindlu zowiso-mthetho ezininzi. Ubungakanani obuzinzileyo bendlu kunye nenkqubo yesithili enye eyahlulayo kwizindlu zowiso-mthetho ezisebenzisa umelo lomlinganiselo.

Ikamva Lendlu Yabameli

Utshintsho Neenguqu Ezinokwenzeka

Kuye kwacetyiswa iinguqu ezahlukahlukeneyo ukuze kulungiswe iingxaki ezijongene neNdlu, eziquka:

  • Ukwandisa ubungakanani bendlu ukuze uphucule umelo
  • Ukutshintsha iinkqubo zokulungisa ukuncitshiswa
  • Ukutshintsha imithetho yezemali ukuze kuncitshiswe impembelelo yemali kwezobupolitika
  • Ukulungisa imithetho yendlu ukukhuthaza intsebenziswano ye-bipartisan
  • Ukuphucula ukubonakala nokufikelela koluntu kulwazi lwemithetho
  • Ukuthobela imithetho yemilinganiselo yokuziphatha kunye nolongamelo
  • Ubugcisa bale mihla kunye nezibonelelo

Ukuba ezi nguqulelo zinokuphunyezwa yaye zinokwenziwa njani kusekho impikiswano eqhubekayo nengxubusho yezobupolitika.

Ukuqhelana Neengxaki Ezintsha

Indlu ijongene neengxaki eziphelisiweyo kwinkulungwane yama-21, kuquka ukusingatha iingxaki zomhlaba ezintsonkothileyo ezifana nokutshintsha kwemozulu nokunganqabiseki kwezentlalo, ukulawula iinguqu zobugcisa ezikhawulezileyo, ukuthatha inxaxheba ekuguqukeni kwamanani abantu kunye nesimo sengqondo soluntu, nokugcina intembelo yoluntu kwimibutho yedemokhrasi. Indlela iNdlu eqhekezela ngayo le mingeni iya kuguqula ukusebenza nokusebenza kwayo kwiminyaka ezayo.

Ukubaluleka Kokubandakanyeka Kwisityalo Secapuca

Ikamva leNdlu ekugqibeleni lixhomekeke ekuthembisenina ngokukhutheleyo kwabemi abanolwazi. Idemokhrasi esempilweni ifuna abemi abayiqondayo indlela esebenza ngayo urhulumente wabo, abathatha inxaxheba kunyulo, abanobungqina abanobuphindu, baze babandakanyeke ngokunenzuzo kwiingxoxo zikawonke-wonke eziphathelele imicimbi yoorhulumente. Ngokufunda ngeNdlu yabameli nangokuba nenxaxheba kwinkqubo yedemokhrasi, abemi banokubanceda baqinisekise ukuba eli lungiselelo libalulekileyo liqhubeke lifeza injongo yalo engokomGaqo-siseko yokumela abantu baseMerika.

Isiphelo: Indlu Njengesebe Labantu

Indlu yabameli iquka umgaqo wedemokhrasi yabameli okwintliziyo yorhulumente waseMerika. Njengoko igumbi linetyala elithe ngqo kubantu, amalungu anyulwa rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini ukusuka kwisithili solu hlanga, iNdlu isebenza njengesithuthi esiphambili sokuguqulela uluntu ekuza kulawula urhulumente. Amandla ayo phezu komthetho, irhafu, ukuhlawula nokuphatha iwenza abe lilungu elibalulekileyo lenkqubo yokuhlola nolungelelaniso olukhusela inkululeko nedemokhrasi yaseMerika.

Ukuqonda isakhiwo seNdlu/indlu, amagunya, iinkqubo, nendima kwinkqubo karhulumente ebanzi,(emntwini) ukuba nenxaxheba ngokunempumelelo kwidemokhrasi. Enoba ngovota, ngokuqhagamshelana nabameli, ngokulandela iingxoxo zomthetho, okanye ngokuzibandakanya, abemi abanolwazi, bangaphembelela umsebenzi weNdlu baze bancede ekulungiseni imigaqo-nkqubo echaphazela ubomi babo kunye noluntu.

Indlu yabameli asilolungiselelo elikude, elingekho ngqiqweni kodwa kunoko liyiqumrhu labameli abanyuliweyo abasebenzela abantu baseMerika baze baphendule. Ngokuhlala benolwazi, bebandakanyekile, yaye besebenza kwinkqubo yedemokhrasi, abemi bangaqinisekisa ukuba iNdlu iyaqhubeka ifeza indima yayo engokomGaqo-siseko njengegumbi labantu kurhulumente waseMerika. Amandla edemokhrasi yaseMerika axhomekeke kubemi abaqonda urhulumente wabo baze basebenzise amalungelo abo kunye neembopheleleko zabo njengabathathi-nxaxheba kwinkqubo yedemokhrasi.

Ukuze ufumane ulwazi olungakumbi ngeNdlu yabameli, tyelela i-website yeNdlu yendlu esemthethweni ekwi-' www.house.gov, umthetho wokulandela irekhodi ku www.confor.gov, okanye uphando lwezibonelelo malunga neBhunga leMbali ku-' www.visittecapetol.gov.