Ukuqonda Indima Yomsebenzi Wemfundo Ekuzalweni Komgaqo - siseko

ISebe lemfundo lisebenza njengegunya eliyintloko elilawula iinkqubo zemfundo yesizwe. Izigqibo zalo zilawula imigangatho yemfundo, isiqinisekiso sokufundisa, imigaqo yolwazi, ulwabelo lwabafundi, ukusasazwa kwemali, kunye nolwalathiso olupheleleyo lokufunda ukususela ebuntwaneni ukuya kwimfundo ephakamileyo. Ngenxa yokuba le migaqo ichaphazela izigidi zabafundi, abafundisi, kunye nabantu, ukuqonda indlela umsebenzi wempatho osebenza ngayo kubalulekile ekuqondeni indlela iinkqubo zemfundo ezihambelana ngayo neemfuno zoluntu.

Nangona isakhiwo esithe ngqo negama lobulungiseleli bemfundo lahlukile ngokwelizwe .Njengokuba iSebe lemfundo eUnited States, uBulungiseleli bemfundo eJapan, okanye uManyano-Manyano-emfundo eJamani, imisebenzi engundoqo ihlala ihleli ithe tye. Imisebenzi yeminyanzelo ijongene nokuguqulela usukelo lwemfundo yesizwe kwimimiselo enokwenziwa, ugcino-lwazi, kunye neziphumo zokuhlola ukuqinisekisa ukuba bonke abemi banayo ukufikelela kwimfundo enomgangatho ophezulu.

Iimbopheleleko Zomsebenzi Wemfundo

ISebe lezemfundo lineembopheleleko ezininzi kwaye lisoloko limiselwe ngokusemthethweni. Ziquka ukumisela inkqubo yemfundo yesizwe, ukuseka imigangatho yemfundo, ukulungiselela uqeqesho nophuhliso lobugcisa, ukuqhuba uphando lwabafundi, ukuqhuba uphando lwemfundo, nokulawula iinkqubo zesikali esinjengeenkqubo zokunika isikolo ukutya okanye izimali zemfundo. Kumazwe amaninzi, ubulungiseleli bukwaquka amaziko karhulumente karhulumente nawaburhulumente, ukunyanzelisa ukuthobela imithetho elungeleleneyo nengadiscrenti, kunye nokuqhubana namagunya emfundo yengingqi okanye asekuhlaleni.

Uphuhliso loMgaqo-nkqubo noLawulo

Umsebenzi oyintloko wobulungiseleli kukuphuhlisa nokuhlaziya iinkqubo zemfundo ezihambelana nenkcubeko yesizwe. Oku kubandakanya ukuhlalutya ulwazi oluphathelele iziphumo zemfundo, iimfuno zengqesho, kunye notyekelo lwamanani. Umzekelo, ngenxa yokuphendula kwinguqulelo ekhawulezileyo yobugcisa, iinkonzo ezininzi ngoku ziphinda ziphinda ziqale ukugxininisa ulwazi lwezigqibo, iingcinga ezigxekayo, kunye nokucombulula iingxaki. Ukuphuhliswa komgaqo-nkqubo kukwafuna ukusetyenziswa kwezopolitiko, inkcubeko, kunye nokungabi nazinzi, ngokufuthi ngokwezicwangciso zecandelo lemfundo likarhulumente.

Ulungiso olusezantsi noyilo lwemithetho

Imigangatho yemfundo yesizwe echaza oko abafundi bafanele bakwaziyo kwaye bakwazi ukukwenza kumgangatho ngamnye webanga lemfundo. Bayila okanye bavumele iinkqubo zokufundisa, iincwadi, kunye nezixhobo zokuhlola. Kwinkqubo zorhulumente, njengeKhanada okanye iIndiya, ubulungiseleli besizwe bungamisela imigaqo ebanzi ngeli xesha ulawulo lwephondo okanye isebe lephondo lisingatha ukuphunyezwa okunenkcukacha. Inkqubo yotshintsho oluqhelekileyo ibandakanya iikomiti zobuchule, uvavanyo lomqhubi, kunye novavanyo oluqulunyuliweyo ukuqinisekisa ubunjani nokufezeka.

Umgaqo-nkqubo woMafundisi nophuhliso looGcisa

Umgangatho wokufundisa ngowona thunywashe ubalulekileyo osekelwe kwimfundo echaphazela ukuphumelela kwabafundi. Imigangatho yoqeqesho olunamandla, inkqubela phambili yobuchule, uvavanyo lomsebenzi, kunye nokuqhubekeka komsebenzi. Bangalawula uqeqesho kwimimandla egciniweyo, imilinganiso yomvuzo, kunye nezihlomelo zemiba ephezulu.

Ukuhlaliswa kweZibonelelo kunye neNkxaso

Uqingqo-mali lwemfundo luphakathi kwezona zikhulu kulo naluphi na urhulumente. Iimishinali zinika imali yezibonelelo zesikolo, izinto zokufundisa, ubugcisa, kunye neendleko zokusebenza. Ziyila iindlela zemali ezifuna ukufikelela i-eversity jn·ae) ezifuna ukufikelela izikolo ezinceda abantu abasweleyo. Ukusetyenziswa koqingqo-mali nokuhlawula iindleko zemali kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuba imali ifikelela kwiiklasi ngempumelelo.

Uphando, uvavanyo kunye neenkqubo zogcino-lwazi

Ukwenza inkqubo yogcino-lwazi eqhutywayo kubaluleke ngakumbi. Ukuveliswa kwemiqathango yolawulo lolwazi lwemfundo (I-EMIS) ekufumaneni irekhodi, ukufika, isantya sokugqiba, kunye neziphumo ezilandelayo. Bagunyazisa uphando olusebenzayo kwii-padegogo, izithuba ezithe tye, kunye nokubuyela ekubekeni izityalo. Iiyunithi zovavanyo kwinkqubo yovavanyo lweminyaka eli-1996 ukuze kwaziswe izigqibo zexesha elizayo nokuze kuxelelwe ingxelo ngenkqubela phambili kwiinjongo zesizwe nezizwe ngezizwe ezifana neUnited Nations Surstatection Development Development 4.

Inkqubo yophuhliso lomgaqo-nkqubo ekuqheliselweni

Uhambo lokufumana ingxaki yokumisela inkqubo entsha lunzima kwaye lunentsingiselo. Amaziko alandela inkqubo ecwangcisiweyo elungelelanisa ubungqongqo bobugcisa kunye nokuzimela kwezobupolitika.

Ukubona Iintswelo Neenjongo Ezicacileyo

Imijikelo yenkqubo iqala ngokuxilongwa kwengxaki. Ii-millistem zisebenzisa ugcino-lwazi olusuka kwiingxelo zesizwe, uphando lwezizwe ngezizwe (njengovavanyo lwe-OECD's PISA), kunye nempendulo enika iziphumo zokuchonga iingxaki (umzekelo, ukuncipha kobuchule bokufunda phakathi kwabafundi abaphambili okanye umlinganiselo ophantsi wokugqiba kwisikolo semfundo yamabanga aphezulu emaphandleni. Ngokucacileyo, kumiselwe iinjongo ezinokusetyenziswa, ezifana “nokunyusa i-Grade 4 ukufunda ngempumelelo nge-10% kwiminyaka emihlanu edlulileyo”

Uhlolo lwabathathi-nxaxheba

Imigaqo esebenzayo yenziwa kunye nabo baza kuchaphazeleka. Ngomzekelo, xa kuphinda kuqukwa uququzelelwa, abalawuli besikolo, amaqabane abazali, abafundi, imibutho yoluntu, namacandelo angawabantu. Le nkqubo iquka ukuchotshelwa kwabantu, uhlolo lwe-intanethi, ingxubusho ejolise ekuququzelelweni, kunye neekomiti zokuququzelela iimfundiso zobuzwelo, isoloko isasaza amaxwebhu e-adist kangangeenyanga eziliqela zokugqabaza kukawonke wonke. Le nkqubo ayiphuculi inkqubo yokwenziwa kwenkqubo kodwa ikwakha ubuni bomsebenzi kunye nokungagunyazinziswa, inciphisa ukuchasana ngexesha lokuphunyezwa.

Ukudrafta, Ukubukeza Nokunconywa

Izindululo zenkqubo zibhalelwe ngamagosa obulungiseleli, ngokufuthi ngenkxaso evela kubacebisi bangaphandle okanye abaphandi. Idrafti ihlolisiswa ngaphakathi, ngoko ziingcali ezingokwasemthethweni ukuqinisekisa ukuba ilungelelaniswa nemiyalelo yomgaqo-siseko kunye nemithetho ekhoyo. IKhabhinethi okanye ipalamente isenokufuneka kwimigaqo-nkqubo emikhulu okanye izabelo zoqingqo-mali. Imijikelo yokuzihlaziya inokuba mide //3/5/5/5/5) kodwa uhlalutyo olucononophelo lunceda ukuphepha iziphumo ezingamiselwanga.

Ukucinywa, ukusetyenziswa, nokwakhiwa komsebenzi wobugcisa

Xa ivunyiwe, ubulungiseleli bunika izijikelezi ezisemthethweni, imigaqo, kunye nezicwangciso zokuzalisekisa. Iinkqubo zoqeqesho kubafundisi-masipala kunye nabalawuli, iincwadi ezihlaziyiweyo, kunye neenkqubo zokuhlola zibekwe endaweni. Ii-ministers zidla ngokumisela iinkqubo zokulawula inqwelo-moya kwimimandla ekhetha umlinganiselo phambi kokuba kuvavanywe ukubonakala nokucocwa. Ukuzalisekiswa okunempumelelo kufuna ulwakhiwo oluqinileyo, unxibelelwano olucacileyo, kunye nezihlolo zokusebenza.

Ukujongwa, ukondla, kunye noHlelo-nkqubo

Uzalisekiso lufunyanwa ngokuqokelelwa kogcino-lwazi oluqhelekileyo, uhlolo lwesikolo, kunye nohlolo lokufunda. Uphando lwezikolo lusebenzisa obu bungqina ukulungisa inkqubo yophando phakathi. Umzekelo, ukuba inkqubo entsha yovavanyo lomfundisi- ntsapho ifunyenwe kubasebenzi abadimazekileyo, ubulungiseleli bungahlaziya ukukhuthuza okanye bunikezele ngenkxaso eyongezelelekileyo. Ukwenziwa komgaqo-nkqubo ngumjikelo oqhubekekayo wokuceba, ukwenza uhlolo, uhlolo, kunye nokulungisa.

Impembelelo Yezithethe Zemfundo

Imigaqo-nkqubo yemfundo elungiselelwe kakuhle ingaguqula iziphumo. Ingandisa ukufikelela kwimfundo kumaqela aphantsi, iphucule umgangatho wokufunda, inciphise amaqondo okuyeka, ilungiselele abafundi ubomi obunemveliso. Ngokuchasene noko, imigaqo engenziwanga kakuhle okanye engathandekiyo ingandisa ukungalingani, ubuncwane benkunkuma, nenkqubela-phambili engekho mthethweni.

Imizekelo Efanelekileyo Yamanyathelo Okulawula

  • Utshintsho lwemfundo ebhaliweyo: amazwe amaninzi aye adibanisa ikhowudi, uhlalutyo logcino-lwazi, kunye nokhuseleko lwengingqi kwizifundo eziphambili nezesibini. Ucwangciso lwenkqubo yesizwe yase-Estonia, umzekelo, luye lwanceda ukuvelisa omnye wabasebenzi abafunde kakhulu ngokwezimilingo ehlabathini.
  • Iinkqubo zokuNika iNgxowa-mali ePhakamileyo: inkqubo ye-Brazil isasaza imali yemfundo kwimimandla enemfuneko enkulu, ngokuphawulekayo inciphisa umahluko wemiba kwimivuzo yomfundisi- ntsapho kunye nezibonelelo zesikolo.
  • Umfundisi-lwazi olunophuhliso Lwenkqubo: ISebe lemfundo laseSingapore linika umfundisi- ntsapho ngamnye iiyure ezili-100 zenkqubela-phambili yonyaka, edityaniswe kwiindlela zemisebenzi kunye nengxelo yeklasi, nto leyo enegalelo kwinkqubela phambili yabafundi belizwe kwiingxelo zezizwe ngezizwe.

Ucelomngeni Nemiphumo Emibi

Ukungaphumeleli kwemigaqo-nkqubo kudla ngokubangelwa kukukhangelwa konyango olungafanelekanga, ukunqongophala kobungqina, izithuba zemali, okanye ubuchule obubuthathaka bokuzalisekisa. Ubulungiseleli obuyalela ukuba udidi oluncinane lunganiki ziklasi ezaneleyo bungadala isiphithiphithi sokwenza iingxube. Iinkqubo zokuvavanya eziphezulu, ukuba aziyilwanga kakuhle, zinokukhokelela ekufundiseni nasekuncipheni kwezifundo. Umzekelo, ukungabikho Child Shick Beth Act eUnited States, ngoxa uzimisele ukuvala iingxaki zokuphumelela, ziphumela kwiingcinezelo ezingakhange zichatshazele zichase zizinto ezintsha.

Iingxaki Zokujamelana Nemfundo Namhlanje

Abasebenzi bezemfundo bale mihla basebenza kwindawo etshintsha ngokukhawuleza. Bajamelana nengcinezelo yokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza kunanini na ngaphambili ngoxa besebenzisa izinto ezilindelekileyo nezingasetyenziswa kakuhle.

Imiqobo Yezobupolitika Neyeeofisi

Utshintsho oluthe rhoqo kukhokelo lukarhulumente lungaphazamisa imigudu yokuguqula ixesha elide. Inkqubo yemfundo ifuna ukungaguquguquki kwiminyaka emininzi, kodwa imijikelo yonyulo ikhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elifutshane. Ulawulo loburhulumente, iimfazwe eziphakathi, kunye nokonakala kunokuthintela ukuphunyezwa. Izakhiwo ezinika amandla okwenza izigqibo zasekuhlaleni ngoxa kugcinwa imilinganiselo yesizwe kunzima ukulungelelanisa.

I-Exponential, i-Inclusion kunye neMida yokuNgena

Phezu kwayo nje inkqubela esemhlabeni wonke, izigidi zabantwana azikho esikolweni, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezilwayo, kwiindawo zasemaphandleni, namaqela aphantsi anjengamantombazana, abantwana abaneziphene, kunye nezizwe ezincinane. Imikhosi yemida kufuneka iyile imigaqo ejongene neengxaki ezininzi zezoqoqosho, zenkcubeko, zelizwe,/zezona zijonge ifuthe labo ekunciphiseni ukuhlukana. Isifo se-COVOVID-19 esibhencwayo nesohlulwa ngokucothayo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kubekho ingxamiseko.

Uqeqesho lwezibonelelo kunye nokwaneliseka

Imfundo isoloko ikhuphisana nezinye izinto eziza kuqala njengempilo, ukhuseleko, kunye nezibonelelo zemali kawonke-wonke. Ii-mini kufuneka zibonise ukuba ukuchitha imfundo kunika ingeniso engenakulungiseka. Inzuzo ephumelelayo ngokusetyenziswa kogcino-lwazi olungcono, ukuzilawula kwesikolo, ulwabiko olusekelwe kubungqina, kunye nokusebenzisana kwabantu ngabanye kuyimfuneko. Amazwe amaninzi asakhula atsala nzima ngeengeniso zerhafu eziphantsi namatyala angaphandle aphezulu, eshiya indawo encinane yokutyalwa kwemfundo.

Ukuqhubeka notshintsho lobugcisa

Ubuchule bokwenza izinto, iqonga lokufunda kwi-intanethi, kunye neziqinisekiso zefomati zitshintsha indlela imfundo edluliselwa ngayo kwaye ixatyiswe ngayo.

Imbono Yamazwe Ngamazwe Ngomgaqo - siseko Wemfundo

Ukuthelekisa indlela amazwe awahlukahlukeneyo abumba ngayo inkonzo yawo nendlela aqhuba ngayo inkqubo kutyhila izifundo ezibalulekileyo.

Iinkqubo Zokuhla Kwemijelo: IUnited States NeOstreliya

Kule nkqubo karhulumente, umbutho wesizwe wemfundo (umz., iSebe lemfundo lase-U.S.) linolawulo olulinganiselweyo. Izigqibo ezininzi zenkqubo ```````````izifundo'''''''.') ziquka izifundo zokufundisa, isiqinisekiso sokufundisa, nemali yesikolo'. Indima yesizwe ibhekisa kumthetho wamalungelo abantu, uphando, kunye neenkqubo zemali ezifana neSihloko semfundo. Oku kungabangela ukuba kubekho iinguqulelo ezahlukahlukeneyo kodwa kumgangatho obanzi kumazwe ahlukeneyo.

Iinkqubo zoMbindi: IFransi neJapan

Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iSebe leMisebenzi lezemfundo yeSizwe laseFransi limisela izifundo zesizwe ezithe kratya, ukuqeshwa kwabafundisi- ntsapho, nekhalenda yesikolo. ISebe loBulungiseleli lemfundo, iSports, iScience kunye neTechnology (MEXT) ngokufanayo lichaza imigaqo entsonkothileyo nenkqubo yokuvumela ukufunda. Ukwenziwa kweSikolo kuqinisekisa ukungaguquguquki kwesizwe kwaye kunokuzisa izibonelelo zesizwe, kodwa kusenokungasabeleli kwiimfuno zasekuhlaleni.

Iimodeli Zehybrid: IFinland NeSingapore

ISebe lemfundo laseFinland linika iinjongo ezibanzi nenkxaso emandla, kodwa livumela oomasipala nezikolo ukuba zikwazi ukuzilawula ekuzalisekisweni. Uqeqesho lobuqeqeshi luphezulu, kwaye lumbalwa uvavanyo olusezantsi. Ubulungiseleli baseSingapore bugcina ulwalathiso lwesizwe olucacileyo ngeli xesha busoloko buhambelana nophando kunye nokuqhuba. Zombini ezi nkqubo zisoloko ziphakathi komgangatho ophezulu wehlabathi, zibonisa ukuba ulungelelwano phakathi kokhokelo olusembindini nolungelelwano lwasekuhlaleni lungasebenza.

Utyekelo Lwekamva Kwinkqubo Yemfundo

Xa ujonga phambili, iinkonzo kuza kufuneka zicombulule iziphumo eziliqela zokuguqula.

Ukufunda Ubomi Bakho Bonke Nobuchule Bekamva

Umbhobho wesikolo osetyenziswa ngokusemthethweni uthathelwa indawo yimodeli yokufunda okuqhubekayo. Ii-miniss zikwandisa iinkqubo eziquka imfundo yabantwana bangaphambili, ubugcisa kunye noqeqesho lomsebenzi kunye noqeqesho (TVET), imfundo yabantu abadala, kunye nee-microdenties. Imithetho edala iindlela eziguqukayo phakathi kwemfundo kunye nezindlela zomsebenzi, kwaye iyazi ukuba ayifundelwanga, iza kuba yeyona nto ibalulekileyo.

Utshintsho lwamanani kunye noHlalulo lwe-Al

Amashishini kufuneka aphuhlise iindlela zesizwe zobuchule bokusebenzisa i-octiveinging, iqonga lokulungisa ukufunda, kunye nogcino-lwazi lwemfundo oludityanisiweyo. Oku kuquka ukuhlaziya izibonelelo, ukuqinisekisa ubuchule bamanani bufundiswa kuzo zonke izihloko, kunye nokulungisa inkxalabo yendlela yokuziphatha ngokukhetha kunye nelungelo lokuzimela. Inyathelo lemfundo eliyiNXAMELEKO [] linika ukhokelo kubaenzi benkqubo yokulawula ezi nguqulelo.

Ukutshintsha Kwemozulu Nokuba Ngummi Emhlabeni Wonke

Imigaqo-nkqubo yemfundo eqhubekekayo ibandakanya ukulondolozwa, ukufundwa kwemozulu, kunye nemfundo yobumi bomhlaba jikelele. Izifundo zemfundo ziphinda zifakwe emva kwezifundo ukunceda abafundi baqonde iinkqubo zokusingqongileyo baze benze okuthile ngolwazi. Iprojekthi ye-EDialor 2030 inika izicwangciso zokuchaza iimfuno ezifunekayo kubafundi ukuze batshintshe ihlabathi.

Ukuphendula Okungakumbi Nobungqina

Imfuno yokubona ngaphaya kunye neziphumo iyakhula. Ii-millistem zizinkqubo zohlolo ezomelezayo, zipapasha ugcino-lwazi lomgangatho wesikolo (xa zikhusela ukhuseleko lwezobuqu), kunye nokudibanisa inkxaso-mali ekwenzeni. IBhanki yehlabathi elinobungqinisi bemfundo [[FLT: 0] inceda abalungiseleli bamkele iinkqubo eziqinisekiswe ukusebenza ngeziphumo ezingqongqo.

Isiphelo

ISebe lemfundo limi kwinkalo yemigudu yesizwe yokwakha ikomkhulu labantu nokukhuthaza inkqubela yentlalo. Inkqubo yalo yokwenza indima inamandla, ifuna ukudityaniswa kobuchule bobugcisa, abaxhasi bezobupolitika, ukubotshwa, nokuvumelana. Ngokumisela imilinganiselo yolwazi lokuxhasa izikolo kunye nabafundisi, izigqibo ezenziwe kule nkonzo zilungisa amathuba akhoyo kumntu ngamnye. Njengokuba iinkqubo zemfundo zibambene nokutshintsha kwamanani, iimfuno zemfundo, kunye nemfuneko yokufunda ubomi bonke, amandla obulungiseleli okukhangela phambili, imigaqo esekelwe kubungqina ziya kugqiba indlela ibutho labantu elilungiselela ngayo ikamva. Ukuqonda le ndima enika amandla abaqeqeqeshi, abazali, kunye nabantu abahlala kulo msebenzi wokuphucula imfundo.