Ukwazisa kuhlalutyo lokulawula

Uhlalutyo lophatho lomgaqo-nkqubo olulawulayo lungqongqo, lusekelwe kubungqina obusetyenziswa ngoorhulumente kunye nemibutho elawulayo ukuvavanya iziphumo zemigaqo emitsha okanye ekhoyo. Ngokulinganisa ngokulungeleleneyo iinzuzo, iindleko, kunye nezinye iindlela, i-RIA inceda abenzi besigqibo abasebenzayo nabasebenzayo. Isiseko semigaqo yokulawula kakuhle, i-RIA semkelwe zizinto ezininzi zamazwe, yaye isoloko yasetyenziswa ngokhokelo oluvela kwimibutho efana ECD kunye neBHANGENKA] kunye nolungiso lwehlabathi lokubona ngaphaya, ukuphendula, ukuphendula, nokulungisa iziphumo zolawulo. Eli nqaku lihlola iingcamango ezingundoqo, amanyathelo asebenzisekayo, kunye neenkqubo zehlabathi ezinika iinkcukubonelelo-e.

Luyintoni Uhlalutyo Lokulawula?

Uhlalutyo lomthetho olulawulayo yinkqubo elungelelanisiweyo yokuhlola iziphumo ezifanelekileyo nezingalunganga zezicelo zolawulo kunye nemimiselo ekhoyo. Idlula ngaphaya kobalo olulula lwexabiso lokufumana ingeniso ukuqwalasela uqoqosho, intlalo, imekobume, kunye neempembelelo zokusasaza. I-RIA iqinisekisa ukuba ungenelelo lwenkqubo lugwetyelwe, lulungelelene, kwaye lwenzelwe ukufikelela iinjongo zazo ngaphandle kokubeka umthwalo ongafanelekanga.

Uhlalutyo luqala ngengxelo ecacileyo yengxaki: kukungaphumeleli kwentengiso okanye inkxalabo yoluntu efuna inyathelo likarhulumente? Ukusuka apho, abalawuli bachonga utho olunokwenzeka lwempendulo olusuka kulawulo lwabo ngokwabo kunye namaziko olwazi ukudibanisa imithetho(*) kwaye ukujonga ngokucwangcisiweyo ukhetho ngalunye. Injongo kukukhetha indlela enyusa iinzuzo ezinethi kwibutho lo gama ihlonela imigaqo esemthethweni neyopolitiko.

I-RIA asisiso isixhobo somlinganiselo omnye wesixhobo; ubunzulu bayo nobungakanani bohluka ngokuxhomekeke kukubaluleka komthetho. Kwimithetho yomlinganiselo ophezulu, uhlalutyo olupheleleyo lungafuneka, ngexa imilinganiselo elula ingafuna uhlolo olunobubanzi. Noko ke, zonke ii-RIAs ziyabelana ngozibophelelo olufanayo kwi-ibearelator kunye negalelo lomgcini-mathi.

Isizathu Sokuba IRIA Ibaluleke Ukuze Ilawule Ngokuphumelelayo

Ukubaluleka kohlalutyo lweNkcubeko yokuLawula alunakuchazwa ngokugqithisileyo. Kwixesha lemingeni enzima yentlalo-ntle, -- ukusuka ekuguqukeni kwemozulu ukuya kutshintsho lwamanani", oorhulumente kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba imithetho inika iziphumo zokwenene ngaphandle kokucinezela okanye ukwenza umonakalo ongacetywanga. Iingenelo ezingundoqo ze-RIA ziquka:

  • Inkqubo esekelwe kwisiseko: I-RIA ithatha indawo yethuku kunye nokubhenela kuhlalutyo logcino-lwazi, olukhokelela kwizigqibo ezithe kratya nezingalawulekiyo.
  • Uxanduva lwemali: Ngokubhala iintelekelelo, ukurhweba, kunye neembono zomfaki-tyala, i-RIA yenza inkqubo yomgaqo ivuleke ngakumbi ukuba ihlolwe.
  • Impumelelo yezoqoqosho: Uhlalutyo lwexabiso-ebenofifi lunceda ukunqanda imithetho apho amaxabiso agqitha kude kakhulu kwinzuzo, ukukhulula ubuncwane ukwenzela imisebenzi yexabiso eliphezulu.
  • [[Umthetho:0] Ulawulo: RIA isoloko ichaza iindlela zokufumana iinjongo zenkqubo ngomthwalo omncinci onzima, ofana nemigangatho yokwenza umsebenzi endaweni yemithetho ebhaliweyo.
  • I-Treader Trust: ukubandakanyeka kumaqela achaphazelekayo kwangoko kwakha-ngaphakathi kwaye kunciphisa ubungozi bokwenza ipetroli okanye ukungadibani.

Amazwe athe afaka i-RIA kwinkqubo yawo yokwenza ulawulo − njenge-United States, Canada, iUnited Kingdom, kunye namalungu eEuropean Union(*) anikela ingxelo engcono ngeziphumo zomthetho nokuthembana okungakumbi koluntu kwizenzo zikarhulumente.

ICandelo leNqanawa

Ukuze uhlalutyo lomthetho luthembeke luze lube luluncedo, kufuneka luquke izinto eziliqela ezibalulekileyo. Ezi ziqalela kwisiseko sohlalutyo kunye nabahlalutyi abakhokelayo ngokulandelelana kobu phendlo.

1. Inkcazo yengxaki

Ngokucacileyo ukuchaza ingxaki yomgaqo ojolise ekucombululeni yisiseko se-RIA elungileyo. Oku kuthetha ukuphawula ukungaphumeleli okuthile kwentengiso okanye umdla woluntu oluninzi . "Yiba yinkxalabo yangaphandle, ulwazi, amandla omntu, okanye ukungalingani-jiki-jinga-jingi, okanye ukunika ubungqina bokuba le ngxaki ikho. Inkcazo ecacileyo okanye egqithiseleyo yengxaki ingakhokelela kwimimiselo elahlekisayo edala iingxaki ezininzi kunezo zicombululo.

2. Ukumiselwa kweenketho zolawulo nezingalawulwayo

Abahlalutyi kufuneka baqwalasele iindlela ezininzi ezinokusetyenziswa, hayi nje ukhetho olumxinwa phakathi kokulawula okanye ukungakwenzi. Iindlela ezinokuquka:

  • Izixhobo ezisekelwe kurhwebo (irhafu, imvume encinci, inkxaso-mali)
  • Imigaqo okanye imithetho yehambo yokuzithandela
  • Iimfuno zokutyhilwa kolwazi
  • Imigaqo esekelwe kumsebenzi
  • Imiqathango engqalileyo okanye imiqathango

Ukhetho ngalunye kufuneka luchazwe ngokweenkcukacha ezaneleyo ukuvumela uthelekiso olunentsingiselo lwamaxabiso, inzuzo kunye nokungabonwa.

3. Ukuhlolwa

Le yi-ARIA engundoqo. Iquka ukuthelekelela iziphumo ezinokwenzeka zezoqoqosho, intlalo nemekobume yokhetho ngalunye.

  • [[Uhlaziyo:0] Quantitive: [apho kunokwenzeka, nikezela amaxabiso emali kwinzuzo nakwiindleko usebenzisa ubuchule obufana nokuhlawula ngokuzithandela, ukuphepha umonakalo, okanye ingeniso yemveliso.
  • [[Uhlaziyo:0] Uhlaziyo oluqulunqweyo: Xa uqikelelo lungenzeki, chaza iziphumo kwingxelo, kuquka ubukhulu nokusasazwa kwazo.
  • [[Uhlahlelo:0] Uhlaziyo lonikezelo: Yazi ukuba ngubani ophumeleleyo nophulukana naye, kuquka iziphumo kubemi ababuthathaka, amashishini amancinci, okanye imimandla ethile.

4. Uvavanyo lomntu othatha inxaxheba

Uganano olunentsingiselo nezithenjiswa zizicelo zomthetho ziyimfuneko kumazwe amaninzi kunye nemfuneko esebenzisekayo. Uvavanyo lungathatha uhlobo lwamaxesha okuphendula kukawonke-wonke, amaqela ajolise ekujoliseni, iikomiti zobuntlola, okanye udliwano-ndlebe. Injongo kukuqokelela ugcino-lwazi lokwenene lwehlabathi, ukutyhila iziphumo ezingaqondakaliyo, kunye novavanyo lwemiqathango. ECD igxininisa ukuba uccingo kufuneka lube kwangoko, luqulukile, kwaye lucace.

5. Uthelekiso lwezinto ezinokukhethwa noncomo

Emva kokuhlalutya iziphumo, abahlalutyi kufuneka baquke izinto ezifunyenweyo ukuze bathelekise kakuhle. Ukhetho olunconyelweyo kufuneka lukhethwe ngokusekelwe kwinzuzo yomnatha, ulwabelo, ukungaguquguquki kolawulo, kunye nokungaguquguquki kunye neenjongo ezibanzi zenkqubo. Isizathu sokuncomela // kunye nokuchasa ezinye iindlela zokusebenzisa `nokufuneka kuchazwe ngokucacileyo.

6. IsiCwangciso soHlololo kunye noHlololo

Imithetho ayipheli ekumisweni. I-RIA ethembekileyo iquka isicwangciso sovavanyo lwe-expostes: izakubalelwa njani iziphumo zomthetho ngokuchasene nokuxelwa kwangaphambili? Ziziphi iingcinga eziza kubangela uhlolo okanye uhlaziyo? Oku kuvala irhintyela lenkqubo kwaye kuqinisekise ukuba imimiselo ihlala isebenza njengoko iimeko zitshintsha.

Inyathelo Ngenyathelo Loqhubekeko

Ngelixesha inkqubo echanileyo itshintsha-tshintshayo ngendawo, i-RIAs ezininzi zilandela ukuthuthwa komsebenzi oqhelekileyo. Ngezantsi yinkqubo eluhlobo olusixhenxe enokuthi ilungelelaniswe kumongo owahlukileyo.

Inyathelo 1: qinisekisa ukuba ukulungelelanisa kuyafuneka na

Asiyongxaki yonke efuna isisombululo somgaqo-nkqubo. Phambi kokuqalisa i-RIA epheleleyo, abenzi benkqubo kufuneka babuze enoba imithetho ekhoyo, imikhosi yentengiso, okanye amanyathelo okuzithandela sele ethetha ngalo mbandela. Uhlolo lokuqala lungagcina ubuncwane kwaye luphephe ukwenza ulawulo olungeyomfuneko.

Inyathelo 2: Chaza Ingxaki Ngokuzibeka Phantsi

Idrafti magama ashwankathelweyo axhaswa yi data. Quka ububanzi (ochaphazelekayo, apho, umba onzulu kangakanani), ingcambu, neziphumo zentshukumo. Eli nyathelo libeka umgca osisiseko apho ukhetho luzakulinganiswa khona.

Inyathelo 3: Khulisa uludwe lwezinto ezinokukhethwa kulawulo

Yenza uluhlu lwezinto ezinokusetyenziswa ezinokufumaneka, kuquka "akukho ntshukumo" isiseko somgca. Kwindlela nganye, chaza indlela yokwenza kunye nezinto ezimele ukwenziwa. Qwalasela iindlela ezidityanisiweyo ezidibanisa amalungu ukusuka kwiinketho ezahlukeneyo.

Inyathelo lesi - 4: Hlola Imiphumo Yokhetho Ngalunye

Usebenzisa ugcino-lwazi olungcono olukhoyo, uqikelelo olunokuba luncedo kunye namaxabiso. Kuhlalutyo lomlinganiselo, landela izikhokelo ezisunguliweyo ezinjengezo zikwi U.S. I-ofisi yolawulo kunye noHlahlo-Hluka A-4 okanye iKhomishini yaseYurophu yoGcino oluLucolo oluLula iziKhokelo zoGqikelelo ezingcono [] zonke iintelekelelo kunye nemithombo yogcino-lwazi.

Inyathelo 5: Qhagamshela abaxhasi kuko konke oku kuqhubekeka

Ukukhangelwa komsebenzi kwasekuqaleni nokuqhubekayo kuyinto ebalulekileyo. Ukupapasha uhlalutyo lokuqala lwamagqabaza kawonke-wonke; ukuba neendawo zokusebenzela ngoshishino, nge-NGO, nangamaqela abathengi; nokuqwalasela ukuva okusesikweni kwemithetho ephezulu. Ingxelo yempinda kufuneka iqukiselwe kwingxelo yokugqibela ye-RIA.

Inyathelo 6: Lungiselela uze upapashe ingxelo yeRIA

Ingxelo yokugqibela kufuneka ibe luxwebhu olucacileyo, oluzigcinayo oluchaza ingxaki, ukhetho, uhlalutyo, kunye nokuncomela. Lufanele lwazi inkqubo yophando nendlela igalelo lomfaki-sicelo elichanekileyo eliye lachazwa ngayo. Ukupapashwa kwengxelo ye-intanethi kuphucula ukubonakala kwangaphandle kwaye kunceda uhlalutyo oluzimeleyo.

Inyathelo lesi-7: Imodyuli kunye nempinda emva kokuzalisekisa

Misela ixesha lokuhlola i-expost. Uqokelelo ugcino-lwazi kwizalathiso zokusebenza ezingundoqo uthelekise iziphumo ezizizo nezixeli ze-RIA. Ukuba uphambuko olubalulekileyo luvela, xhobisa uhlaziyo lomgaqo. Le nkqubo ye-injini iqinisekisa uphuculo oluqhubekayo.

Ucelomngeni Oluqhelekileyo Kuhlalutyo Lolawulo

Nangona ziluncedo, i-RIA ayinazo iingxaki. Abasebenzi basoloko bedibana nemiqobo elandelayo, efuna ulawulo olululo.

Ukusikelwa Kogcino-lwazi Nokungaqiniseki

Ugcino-lwazi lomgangatho ophezulu lusoloko lunqabile, ingakumbi kwimithetho ebhaliweyo. Ii-alyst kufuneka zixhomekeke kwiintelekelelo, kwiingcaphephe zokukhutshwa, okanye kumaxabiso ekhompyutha esebenza njengomqobo. Uhlalutyo lobumvo-luqileyo(ukuvavanya indlela iziphumo eziguquka ngayo phantsi kweembono ezahlukeneyo(ukungathembeki ngokugqithiseleyo.) kuyimfuneko ukuphepha ukungazithembi ngokugqithiseleyo. Ezinye impembelelo, ezifana nempilo yengqondo okanye ukuwohloka kwemekobume yezinto eziphilayo, kunzima ukuzisebenzisa ngokwemvelo.

Ulungelelwaniso lomgaqo-nkqubo

Imimiselo yanamhlanje idla ngokusebenzisana nemithetho ekhoyo, yenza iziphumo ezininzi ezingangqalanga, okanye ibandakanya ixesha elide. Ukufuzisela ezi nxhulumanano kunganweba umbilini wawo kwanawamasebe abuyiselwe kakuhle. Iintelekelelo ezilula zingafuneka kodwa mazibhalwe ngokucace.

Umbangi Wamarhanisi Nengcinezelo Yezobupolitika

Amaqela anomdla anganika ugcino-lwazi olutsaliweyo okanye ukhuthuzo ukwenzela ukhetho oluwancedayo kwinkcitho yebutho labantu. Iinkokeli zezobupolitika zingafumana iziphumo okanye zifune izalathiso zexesha ezithe zalunga ezilalanisa nomgangatho wohlalutyo. Izikhuseli zenkampani . "ezifana nequmrhu elizimeleyo kunye nempapasho enyanzelekileyo ye-RIAs"ias-an-anokunceda ukuhlisa ezi ngcinezelo.

Izilondolozi Zikavimba

Ukuqhuba i-RIA ngokucokisekileyo kufuna abahlalutyi abanobuchule, ixesha, kunye nenkxaso-mali. Amazwe amaninzi asakhasayo, ngokukodwa, aswele amandla okuzalisekisa i-RIA ngokucwangcisiweyo. Imibutho yezizwe ngezizwe enjenge IBhanki yomhlaba [[[FLT: 1]] inikela uncedo lobugcisa ukuze kwakhiwe ezi misebenzi.

Iinkqubo Zehlabathi Ezizokwenene:

Ukuhlolisisa indlela i-RIA esetyenziswa ngayo kutyhila amandla ayo nokusikelwa kwayo umda.

UMthetho wococeko lomoya wase-U.S.

Enye yee-RIAs ezidumileyo kwimbali yahambisana neZigqibo zoMthetho we-Development Air Act ka-1990. I-U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) yaqhuba uhlalutyo olubanzi lokuthelekisa iindleko zokulawulwa kongcoliso ngokuchasene neenzuzo zokuncitshiswa kokufa, ugcino-mali lwempilo, kunye nenkqubela-ntle yemekobume. yabonisa ukuba iinzuzo zingaphezulu ngeendleko ezibanzi zephepha (ephakathathu) ngo-30 ukuya ku-1. Le RIA yanceda ukunqabiseka inkxaso ekhuselekileyo ye-antente yogcino-mantengiselwano yemeko-manto kwaye yamisela umzekelo wokusebenzisa uhlaluko lwemali kwinkqubo yokusiko lwemeko-benefiki.

Umgaqo-nkqubo womanyano lwaseYurophu

Ubhaliso, uHlelo, uGunyaziso kunye noMqathango woLawulo lweMichiza (INKCINKCI) wafumana inkqubo ebanzi ye-RIA phambi kokuba ithathwe. U-Analyst waqikelela iindleko kushishino (uvavanyo logcino-lwazi, ulawulo lwetsheyina lokunikezela) kunye neengenelo ezinde zokuncitshiswa kwemichiza kubasebenzi nabathengi. I-RIA yabonisa amanyathelo okutshintsha umthwalo kwimisebenzi emincinane neyo ephakathi, ebonisa indlela uhlalutyo olungayilungisa ngayo indlela yokuyila ukuyekelela ukuyenza ibe lula ngakumbi.

IKhanada i-Othernet

IKhanada yasungula umthetho "owodwa-we-one" ofuna ukuba nawuphi na umthetho omtsha obeka umthwalo wolawulo kushishino uphazanyiswe ngokususa umthwalo olinganayo okhoyo. Inkqubo ye-RIA yalungiselelwa ukuquka izibalo ezithile zexabiso lolawulo. Ngelixesha abahlalutyi bephikisayo ukuba umthetho ungakwazi ukuthoba ukhuseleko olutsha, ubungqina be-RIA buncede ukumisela umgangatho womthetho kwaye buqinisekisa ukuba ubhekiselwe kwiteyipu ebomvu engafunekiyo.

Ikamva Lohlalutyo Lokulawula

Njengokuba imingeni yolawulo isiya idityaniswa kwaye ishukuma ngokukhawuleza, i-RIA kufuneka izenze imvelaphi. Izimo ezininzi zibumba isizukulwana esilandelayo sohlalutyo lomgaqo-jiko.

Ubuchule Bokuziphatha Nobokulinga

Inkcubeko yezoqoqosho ithatha abadlali abanengqondo, kodwa abantu bokwenene basoloko beziphatha ngeendlela ezithelekelelwayo. Inzululwazi yesimilo `njengekuthulula, imithetho engagqibekanga, kunye neziphumo ezicacileyo). Ukuyila i-RIA kungaphucula ukuxelwa kwangaphambili kokuthobela nokusebenza. Oorhulumente abaliqela sele besebenzisa iimvavanyo ezilawulwa ngokungalindelekanga kwimimiselo yomqhubi phambi kokuzalisekisa ngokupheleleyo.

Izixhobo zamanani nogcino-lwazi Olukhulu

Inkqubela kugcino-lwazi, ukufunda umatshini, kunye nokulinganisa iziphumo ezithe ngqo ezivumela uhlolo olunamandla olunempembelelo eninzi. Umzekelo, abalawuli banokufanisa ukuphazanyiswa kwetsheyina okanye ukufuzisela iziphumo zonikezelo lwekharbon exesheni kumgangatho wendlu. Ezi zixhobo zingatsala inkqubela yokuthetha ne-intanethi.

Ukuzinziswa Nokucinga Okude

Ukukhula kolwamkeleko lwenzala------kusuka ekutshintsheni kwemozulu ukuya kwizinto eziphilayo ezilahlekileyo − i-RIA ityhalela ukudibanisa ukugcinwa kwe-millimeter ngaphaya kwempumelelo efutshane yezoqoqosho. Amanye amaziko ngoku afuna uhlolo lolungelelwaniso lomgaqo nophuhliso oluzinzileyo lwezinjongo (SDGs) okanye iziphumo zalo kwizizukulwana ezizayo.

Intsebenziswano Yamazwe Ngamazwe

Iimarike ezidityanisiweyo zithetha ukuba imigaqo kwelinye ilizwe inokuba neziphumo zokuchitheka kwenye indawo. Amaqumrhu azwenibanzi anjenge-OECD kunye ne-World Trade Organization akhuthaza ukuqwalaselwa kunye nokulawulwa komthetho. I-RIA ingasebenza njengolwimi oluqhelekileyo ekuthelekiseni iindlela zokulawula nokuchaza ezona zinto zingcono ezisetyenziswayo kwiimida.

Isiphelo

Uhlalutyo lokuSebenza loLawulo lungaphezulu kakhulu kunendlela yoluhlu lokuhlola. Yindlela eqeqeshelweyo yokuqinisekisa ukuba ungenelelo lukarhulumente lufanelekile, lufakwe kakuhle, kwaye lulungelelanisa neengxaki ezifuna ukusombulula. Ngokutshintshayo ubungqina, ukubonakala, kunye nokunika isandi esibambekayo kwinkqubo yokulawula, i-RIA inceda ukwakha ukuthemba nokuphucula iziphumo. Ngelixa iingxaki zihlala zinjalo, ingakumbi ngokujongene nezithuba zogcino-lwazi, iingcinezelo zezobupolitika, kunye nokungalungisiswa kwazo okuqhubekayo kwendlela ye-RIA, kunye nokufumana kwazo okubanzi okujikelezileyo kunika ithemba lobulumko, ulawulo olusebenzayo. Abaqululeki noomatshini nabaqwalathisi abanolwazi bemigaqo ye-RIA baya kuxhotyiselwa kakuhle ukuze balungele ukutshintsha ulawulo lwale mihla nokuzisa ulawulo lwehlabathi ngokubanzi.