Table of Contents
Ukuqonda Izenzo Zokukhetha Ikhethe Nelungelo Lakho Lokulingana
Ucalucalulo luyenye yezona zinto zingapheliyo kwibutho labantu abanobulungisa. Enoba kusemsebenzini, kwindlu, kwimfundo, okanye kwiinkonzo zikawonke-wonke, ukuphathwa ngokungekho sikweni ngenxa yeempawu zobuqu kuthoba isidima somntu kunye nethuba elifanayo. Ukuqonda ucalucalulo oluninzi olugqithisileyo / olusuka kwinkani egqithisileyo ukuya kucalucalulo oluchuliweyo, linyathelo lokuqala ekwakheni isithethe sokulingana. Eli nqaku linikela uluvo olubanzi ngemvelaphi yocalucalulo, iziphumo ezinzulu, imigaqo emiselwe ukukukhusela, kunye namanyathelo asebenzayo onokuwathatha ukuze uqinisekise ilungelo lakho lokulingana.
Yintoni Umkhethe?
Ucalucalulo lwenzeka xa umntu okanye iqela elithile liphathwa kakubi ngenxa yeempawu ezithile ezikhuselekileyo. Ezi mpawu ziyahluka-hluka ngokwegunya kodwa ziquka uhlanga, ibala, isini, imbonakalo yesini, ubufanasini, unqulo, imvelaphi yobuzwe, ubudala, ubulwelwe, kunye nemeko yobuhlanga.
Imiba ethe ngqo ethe ngqo. Ikhethe elingangqalanga
[[FLT: 0] Ucalucalulo luyenzeka xa umntu ephathwa gca ngokuchanekileyo ngenxa yeempawu ezikhuselekileyo. Umzekelo, umqeshi akavumi ukuqesha umhlohli ofanelekileyo ngenxa yelifa lakhe lommi waseAfrika. Lucalulo olungangqalanga[[[FLT:]] luvela xa inkqubo, umthetho, okanye uqheliso olubonakala lungathathi cala ebusweni bayo ngokungenakukongezwa liqela elithile. Umzekelo wendlela ephambili yokunxiba idedededede yeyona khowudi yomsebenzi enqanda intloko, enokuchaphazela ngokungatshintshiyo, isiSikh, okanye abasebenzi abangamaYuda. Ukuba inkqubo ayidalwangayilanga ngenjongo yediski, isiphumo sayo inokuba ye-odvomscrea.
Indima Yemibhobho Epheleleyo
Akuyonto ibalulekileyo. Ukucalucalucalulo olupheleleyo okanye olungaqondakaliyo kubhekisela kwizimo zengqondo okanye ujikelezo oluchaphazela ukuqonda kwethu, izenzo, kunye nezigqibo ngendlela engakhange ibonwe. Uphando lubonise ukuba kwanabantu abaneenjongo ezintle banokukhomba ngokucacileyo kwiziphumo ezikhokelela ekukhetheni, njengokubiza kwakhona “isandi esimhlophe” isiqinisekiso sokufuna ukufikelela kunezinga eliphezulu. Ukuqonda ukuba ikhethe elicacileyo libalulekile kuba lidla ngokuba lingabonwa, likwenza kube nzima ukuphendula.
Iintlobo Zocalucalulo
Ucalucalulo lungathatha iindlela ezininzi, nganye inezigqibo ezikhethekileyo nezingokwasemthethweni. Ngasezantsi zizinto ezixhaphakileyo, kunye nomongo owandisiweyo.
Ucalucalulo Lobuhlanga Nolobuhlanga
Ucalucalulo lobuhlanga lubandakanya ukuphatha umntu ngendlela engamlungeleyo ngenxa yohlanga, ibala lolusu, okanye imvelaphi yobuhlanga. Lunokubonakala njengentlekisa yobuhlanga, ukuthuka, ukwahlukana, okanye ulawulo olungekho sesikweni. IZizwe ezimanyeneyo zinikela ingxelo yokuba abantu bomnombo waseAfrika, abemi belizwe elithile, kunye nezizwe ezincinane ziyaqhubeka zijongene nemiqobo emsebenzini, kwizindlu, kunye nolawulo lwempilo. Umzekelo, uphando lwezelo lwe-United States lubonisa ukuba abafaki-misebenzi abamnyama bafumana ii-minxeba encinane kunabamhlophe abafanelekelweyo. Ingqungquthela yezizwe nge-Interrandex of All Religioms of Breanstial Critialm (ICRD)[FLD] ibophelela amazwe alwaneyo ukuze alwe nekhethe lobuhlanga kuzo zonke iintlobo.
Ucalucalulo Olusekelwe Kwisini
Ucalucalulo lwehlabathi luquka ukungolingani komntu ngokwesini, ubuni okanye ukukhulelwa. Lusoloko lubonakala kwimiqathango yentlawulo, kwiglasi, ekuhlukunyezweni, nakuqheliselo lokuqeshwa okunekhethe elibububudlelane. Phezu kwayo nje inkqubela yomhlaba wonke, iWorld Economic Forum iqikelela ukuba ngokwesantya sangoku kuya kuthabatha iminyaka engaphezu kweyi- 130 ukuphelisa umahluko wezoqoqosho. Ukukhathazwa ngokwesini kuyingozi ngokukhethekileyo kucalucalucalucalulo lobuni, oluchazwa njengenkqubela yesondo engamkelekiyo, izicelo zokuthandwa, okanye ezinye izinto ezithethwa okanye ukuziphatha okusemzimbeni. Umthetho weSihlolo se-Hend Vidi ye-U.S. Act Act neSigalelo sobuvilini neSimiselo se-EK se-2010 umthetho olwenziwe ngo-2010
Ucalucalulo Lobudala
Ucalucalulo lobudala luchaphazela abasebenzi abaselula nabakhulileyo. Abasebenzi abadala basenokujongana noluvo oluqhelekileyo lokuba abathambekanga okanye abaphumeleli, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni banyanzeleke ukuba bathathe umhlala-phantsi okanye bancitshiswe kwangoko ekunyuseni. Abasebenzi abaselula basenokulahlwa njengabangenamava okanye abahlawulwayo ngobuchule babo. I-Dage Discide in Broadsting Act (ADEA) e-U.S. ikhusela abantu abaneminyaka engama-40 nangaphezulu, ngoxa i-EUS i-Merceality Express ifihla iminyaka yobudala emsebenzini.
Ucalucalulo Olungenakufikeleleka
Ucalucalulo olungafezekiyo lwenzeka xa umntu oneziphene okanye ezingokwasengqondweni ephathwa kakubi okanye ekhatyiwe indawo yokuhlala elungeleleneyo enokubavumela ukuba bafumane umsebenzi, iindawo zikawonke-wonke, kunye neenkonzo. AmaMelika anoMthetho (ADA) kunye neNkomfa yeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo kumalungelo abantu abaneziphene (CRPD) amisela imilinganiselo yokufumaneka nokungaguquguquki. Ukungathobeli okuqhelekileyo kubandakanya izakhiwo ezingafikelelekiyo, ukungakwazi ukunikela abatoliki bolwimi lwezandla, nokungavumi ukulungisa imisebenzi. Kwaneengcinga ezingekho ngqiqweqweni malunga noko umntu onesiphene angakufikelela kumathuba okukwazi ukukufikelela.
Ucalucalulo Lonqulo
Oku kunokusuka ekungavumini ukuqesha umntu onxibe inqwelo ehamba phambili ukungakwazi ukumelana nexesha lokuthandaza. Kwakhona kubandakanya ukucalucalulwa kwabo bangaluphathiyo unqulo. Kumazwe amaninzi, indawo yonqulo iyimfuneko esemthethweni. Umzekelo, abaqeshi e-U.S. kufuneka bafune indawo yokuhlala efanelekileyo yezenzo zonqulo ngaphandle kokuba ukwenza oko kunokubangela ubunzima obungeyomfuneko. Umsebenzi unokuba licandelo elijongene nocalucalulo lonqulo, ingakumbi malunga nemithetho yokucwangcisa, imigaqo yokunxiba, kunye neentsuku zokuyeka ukuthatha iiholide zonqulo.
Umahluko Okhoyo Ngokwesini Nocalucalulo Olungokwabantu Abangabantu
LGBTQ+ abantu ngokwembali baye bajamelana nocalucalulo oluqatha ngokwembali kwizindlu, imisebenzi, kunye neendawo zokuhlala zikawonke-wonke. Ngoxa ukhuseleko olusemthethweni luye lwanda kumazwe amaninzi .Nkundla ePhakamileyo yase-U.S. 20 ukumisela komcimbi 20 kuBostock v. Clayton County, eyayikholelwa ukuba iSihlomelo VII siluthintela ucalucalucalulo olusekelwe kwimbonakalo yesondo, kwisini sobufana, ukuhlasela, ukubetha kweliso, nokuthoba iintloniphosa. Abantu abathengwa kakhulu ngamabhinqa amibalabala, ingakumbi ajongenelo oluphezulu kakhulu nogonyamelo. Amaninzi athetha ukuba aswele ukhuseleko olucacileyo, awenza ulwazi lwamalungelo asekuhlaleni kunye nolwaselulo.
Impembelelo Yekhethe
Imiphumo yocalucalulo ingaphaya kwesiganeko ngasinye. Ukusoloko ujongene nocalucalulo kunokuwaguqula amathuba obomi nempilo yabantu kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana.
Isifo Sengqondo Neseemvakalelo
Ukubona ucalucalulo olubangela uxinzelelo loxinzelelo lwengqondo olunokukhokelela kwixhala, udandatheko, kunye noxinzelelo lwengqondo lwasemva. Ukulindela ulwahlulo `ngokuncinane uxinzelelo--------lungangolwonakalisa. Uphando olupapashwa kwi- American Journal of Public Health[ lufumanise ukuba ama-Afrika athe anikela ingxelo yolwahlulo oluphezulu loxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nesifo sentliziyo. Ku-LGBTQ+ ucalulo oludiso olunxulumene nolwando oluphezulu lweziphenelo kunye nokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi.
Ukungalingani Kwezoqoqosho
Ucalucalulo lunegalelo ngqo kwingxaki yobubutyebi. Imali ephantsi yokuqesha, ingeniso ephantsi, ukunyuselwa kwemali encinane, nokufumaneka ngokungafaniyo kwemali yokuthenga ityala kunye nokufumana izindlu kubangela ukungakhuseleki kwezoqoqosho. Uhlolisiso lwama-2021 olwenziwa yiNational Bureau of Economic Research lufumanise ukuba umsantsa wobutyebi obuphakathi kwe-U.S. ayinakuchazwa kuphela ngokwahluka kwemfundo okanye ingeniso ekhoyo ekubolekeni imali, ukunconywa kwempahla, nokufumana ilifa kudlala indima enkulu. Ngokufanayo, amabhinqa afumana ulwaluko lwemali asoloko ejongene neengxaki zemali ehlawulwa yingeniso ehlala ihleli iphela.
Ukungabikho Koluntu Nobungozi Basekuhlaleni
Ucalucalulo lungakhokelela ekuzikhetheni. Xa abantu bechaswa ngoontanga, bengafunwa ukuba ngamalungu emibutho, okanye bengafunwayo kwimimandla yabo, baphulukana namakomkhulu entlalo kunye neenkonzo ezixhasayo. Olu lwahlukano luyingozi kakhulu kubaphambukeli nakwiimbacu ezisele zijamelene nemiqobo yolwimi nenkcubeko. Imimandla enyamezela ucalucalulo iyenza ibe buthathaka inkcaso, nto leyo enokubangela iziphithiphithiphithi-phithi zezo nenxaxheba kwezezentlalo.
Umahluko Empilweni
Unyango olungalinganiyo kwimpilo enyanyekayo, olubangelwa lucalucalulo okanye imiqobo enxulumene nenkqubo ekhoyo.
Ilungelo Lakho Lokulingana
Ukuqonda izixhobo ezisemthethweni ezikhusela eli lungelo kunika abantu amandla okufuna okusesikweni xa bejamelene nocalucalulo.
ISiseko soMsebenzi waMalungelo oLuntu weZizwe
Imithetho yesizwe neyephondo
Umthetho wasekhaya usoloko ubonakalisa imigaqo yehlabathi lonke lo gama udibanisa iinkqubo ezithile zomthetho. EUnited States, imithetho yesizwe iquka iSihlomelo VII soMthetho wamaLungelo oMsebenzi, ulwahlulo lwe-Age in Account Act, iMelika enoMthetho weNguqu ze-Fair House Act. I-Unimed Brood Opportportation Commission Commissionsion (EOC) inyanzelela ukuba kubekho ucalulo emsebenzini. UMthetho we-United Kingdom’s Exafety Act 2010 udibanisa izigaba ezisitho zomthetho ezisithobayo kwisenzo esinye, ukukhusela ukucalucalucaluca ngokweempawu ezisitho ezisithothothothotho. I-European Union Union imisela i-Intection Direction and Fraccouction Mooking Drection Relectionive Direction Ideficess
Amazwe amaninzi nawo anemimiselo eqinisekisa ukulingana kwemigaqo-siseko. Umgaqo-siseko woMzantsi Afrika emva kweparastiid ungumzekelo, kwaye iSicatshulwa samalungelo nenkululeko saseKhanada siquka amalungelo okulingana. Noko ke, ukhuseleko olusemthethweni lomelele nje njengomthetho wawo. Ukukhalaza kusenokuba yinkqubo entsonkothileyo efuna uxwebhu kunye nomelo olusemthethweni. Ukwazi ugunyaziso lwamalungelo abantu okanye umbutho olwa nolwa nohlangano luyinyathelo lokuqala elibalulekileyo.
Indlela Yokulwa Nocalucalulo
Ukuphelisa ucalucalulo kufuna inyathelo ngalo lonke ixesha, ukusuka kumfanekiso-mvana ukuya kutshintsho lobuzwilakhe. Nazi iindlela ezisekelwe kubungqina kubantu ngabanye, kwimibutho, nakwingingqi.
Isenzo Somntu Omnye: Wazi Amalungelo Akho Yaye Uthethe Ngokuvakalayo
Eyona ndlela iphumelelayo yokulwa nocalucalulo kukuqonda amalungelo akho nokubhala nakuphi na ukwaphula umthetho. Ukuba ukhe wacalulwa okanye wabonwa, gcina ingxelo eneenkcukacha: imihla, amaxesha, amagama abantu ababandakanyekileyo, oko kwathethwa okanye okwenziwe, kunye nawo nawaphi na amangqina. Ukuxela isiganeko kwigunya elifanelekileyo, njengesebe lomqeshi wakho lobuncwane babantu, ummeli wamaqumrhu, okanye ummeli karhulumente ofana ne-EEOC. Amazwe amaninzi anee-discrinity nenkonzo zoncedo ezisemthethweni. Xa ekhuselekile ukwenza oko, impatho elungileyo ithetha ukuxhasa ukucalucalulwa kwe------licalucalucar-", umzekelo, ngokuphazamisa okanye ngokungqina iziqhulo zomfo zomsebenzi osebenza nabo abakhala ngetyala.
Imigaqo Yokulungelelanisa: Musa Ukusebenzisana
Abaqeshi, izikolo, nabasebenzi beenkonzo banokuthintela ucalucalulo ngokuzalisekisa iinkqubo ezicacileyo kunye neenkqubo zoqeqesho. Amanyathelo asebenzayo aquka:
- [[UMTL: 0] Iinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo ezichaza ihambo eyalelweyo, umphandle weenkqubo zokunika ingxelo, kwaye zithembisa ukuba akukho zimpindezelo kwizikhalazo.
- uqeqesho olugqithisileyo olugqithiseleyo kulwazi lokufundisa ubuchule obucacileyo obufana neendlela zodliwano-ndlebe ezicwangcisiweyo zokunciphisa ukhethe lokuqesha.
- [[UMTL:0] Utshintsho, ukulingana, kunye nokufakwa (DEI) inyathelo elithatha inyathelo elingu elicwangcisa iinjongo ezinokuqhubekeka, inkqubela-phambili yendlela, kwaye igcina iinkokeli zinobutyala.
- Izindlu ezinokufumaneka [[FLT: 1] ngenxa yesiphene, unqulo, ukukhulelwa, nokunyamekela intsapho, ezinikelwa ngokurhwaphilizayo kunokuba zinikezelwe kuphela xa kuceliwe.
- Iziqhagamshelanisi ezinika ingxelo ezingaqhelekanga ukukhuthaza amazwi okoyika ukubuyisela.
Ukhokelo lomqeshi [[FLT: 0] lwe-EOC lunika ucwangciso olusebenzayo lokwakha iindawo zokusebenza ezikhululekileyo zokukhathazwa.
Umthetho
Utshintsho lwexesha elide lufuna ubuchule bokwenza imithetho eyomeleleyo kunye nokusebenza kwayo. Iintlangano zoluntu zingabhenela kwimithetho ekhusela iimpawu ezongezelelekileyo, njengomthombo wengeniso (ukuthintela ucalucalulo lwezindlu nxamnye nabanikazi bendlu yokuqesha) okanye ikhethe elisekelwe kwimbonakalo. Intshukumo eziqhutywa zii- Grasroot ziye zabangela ukuphumelela okungokwembali, kuquka ukulingana komtshato kunye nokudlula kwemithetho yomanyano echasene nolwaphulo-mthetho-mthetho-mthetho wokwahlukana kwabantu abadlulisela abantu. Imfundo kunye nokuthabatha inxaxheba kuqinisekisa ukuba amagosa anyuliweyo amisela amalungelo abantu
Imfundo Njengokukhusela
Eyona ndlela inamandla yokulwa nocalucalulo kukuyithintela ukuba ingaqali. Izifundo ezifundisa imbali ekhoyo ngezantsi, njengemibutho yamalungelo abantu, imilo yabantu belizwe elithile, kunye negalelo yabaphambukeli , . Iinkqubo zokufunda iilwimi zale Media zinceda abafundi baqonde uluvo oluyingozi kwintengiso, kundaba, nakumaziko asekuhlaleni. Kubuntwana, kumabali aquka iintsapho ezimele iinguqu phambi kokuba ziqine. Iintlangano ezifana nomthetho Ukufundisa ngeJaji zinika abafundi iinkonzo zemfundo eziyingozi eziyingozi kwizibhengezo zentengiso, iindaba, kunye namajelo eendaba oluntu.
Ukuphinda-phinda okusemthethweni kunye neNkxaso
Ukuba ubulixhoba localucalulo, khawujongene negqwetha elinobuchule kumalungelo abantu okanye kumthetho wengqesho. Imibutho emininzi inikela uncedo olukhululekileyo okanye oluphantsi olusemthethweni, njenge-ACLU, iNaACP Eglife Defense, kunye ne-ovement yoncedo lwasekuhlaleni. Ixhasa amaqela asekuhlaleni kunye nomntu osebenza nge-intanethi kunye nomntu. Khumbula ukuba akuwedwa: izigidi zabantu zijamelene nocalucalulo suku ngalunye, kwaye inyathelo elisemgangathweni liphelise iinkqubo ezinkulu zokungekho sikweni.
Isiphelo
Ucalucalulo alukho ngokwemvelo okanye alunakuphepheka; lufundiswa ukuziphatha okuqiniswa yimiqathango yamandla angenakulinganiswa. Ngokuqonda iintlobo ezininzi zocalulo, ukuqaphela impembelelo yalo etshabalalisayo kubantu nakuluntu, kwaye siqinisekisa ilungelo elingokwasemthethweni nelokuziphatha lokulingana, ngamnye wethu ungenza indima ekudaleni ihlabathi elinobulungisa. Indlela engaphambili ifuna imfundo eqhubekayo, ukukhalipha, kwaye ukuzimisela ukuphatha wonke umntu ngesidima anaso ngokwemvelo. Umgangatho awulo ilungelo elinikwe ligunya kuthi sonke.
Inyathelo lakho elilandelayo: Funda imithetho elwa nocalucalulo kwilizwe lakho, uxhase imibutho elwela icebo, kwaye uthethe phandle xa ubona okungekho sikweni. Utshintsho luqala ngelizwi elinye elinolwazi.