Uhambo lwaseMantla e-Ireland olusuka kumashumi eminyaka emfazwe enzima ukuya kuxolo olungenabungozi luye lwaguqula ngokunzulu inkqubo yamapolisa kunye nezobulungisa. IGood Wear Accounting ka-1998 yaqalisa uthotho lwezinguquko ezijolise ekudaleni imigudu yokungacaluli, yokuziphendulela, nokuthenjwa ngabantu bonke. Kodwa, ngaphezu kwamashumi amabini eminyaka kamva, iingxaki ezibalulekileyo zisekho. Izityholo ezinzulu zembali, izisongelo eziqhubekayo zokhuseleko ezivela kwii-riphabliki ezichaseneyo, ii-politiki ezifileyo, kunye nelifa elingalungiswanga lizinzi leengxaki liyaqhubeka lisenza kube nzima imigudu yokuguqula imigudu. Ukuqonda ezi zinto zingapheliyo zibalulekile ekuqondeni umsebenzi wokwakha isizinzi, kanye uluntu kuMntla Ireland namhlanje.

Imbali: Ilifa Lokungathembani

Imvelaphi yengxaki yamapolisa kuMntla Ireland ilele kulwahlulo lwe-Ireland ngo1921 kunye nokusekwa kweRoyal Ulster Consabulary (RUC) ngo-1922. I-RUC yayingumkhosi oxhobe kakhulu, othe waninzi wamaProtestanti owasebenza phantsi kolawulo lorhulumente wobuProtestanti eSponsont Act. Kulo butho lobuKatolika lobuzwe, i-RUC yagqalwa ingengomgcini-mthetho nolungelelwano, kodwa njengesixhobo solawulo lwe-mkhosi we-CD-recurista. Le ngcamango yaqiniswa namashumi eminyaka enkonzo e-omatilo-omatilo-mthetho, kuquka nokusetyenziswa kolawulo olukhethekileyo, ngaphandle kokuvavanywa, kunye nokucingela ityala, kunye nokungalungelelaniswa kolawulo lwezobulungisa.

Ukuhla kweNtloko (11994-1988) kwandisa lo msantsa. Ngexesha longquzulwano, i-RUC yayikwindawo ephambili yemfazwe phakathi komkhosi wamajoni omkhosi weriphabliki, amaqela anyanisekileyo, kunye noMkhosi waseBritane. Ii-Casials zaziphezulu — amagosa amapolisa angaphezu kwama-300 abulawa. Imeko yokhuseleko yanyanzelisa i-RUC ukuba isebenze kwifashoni ekhuselweyo, iqhubeke ihambela phambili kwingingqi yesizwe echasene nomkhosi. Ngexesha lenkqubo yoxolo, udumo lwamapolisa lwalungacetyiswanga lucetyiswa nje kuphela kodwa yayiyimfuneko kwindawo ehlala kuyo nayiphi na.

IKhomishini ye- Independent on Policing for Northern Ireland, eyayiphethwe nguChris Patten, yapapasha ingxelo yayo yengxelo yembali ngo-1999. Ingxelo yePatten yancomela ukuba kusetyenziswe i-haul epheleleyo: igama elitsha (iNkonzo yamapolisa yaseNorthern Ireland – PSNI), umfuziselo omtsha neyunifomu, inkqubo yokufumana umkhosi ongakumbi, kunye nokugxininisa ngamandla amalungelo abantu kunye nemithetho yoluntu. Iphulo lalikuguqula i-politikiti yecandelo libe yimodeli yokuziphendulela ityala neyobugcisa.

Olona Ncedo Lubalulekileyo Ekuguquleni Imicimbi

Ukwakha Intembelo Kuluntu

Naphezu kwenkqubela ebalulekileyo — i-PSNI i-30% yabameli bamaKatolika phakathi kwabaphathi bayo, xa kuthelekiswa ne-8% kwi-RUC — ukuthembana akukhange kuhlale kulungile. Uphando lwe-[FLT: 0]2022 lwe-Plaisence Board yaseMntla Ireland lufumanisekufumaniseke ukuba nangona i-PSNI iphezulu kumaPS, ithelekisa amaKatolika, ingakumbi kumazwe asebenzayo akwimimandla yesizwe. Kwezinye iinqaba ze-Riphabliki, i-PSNI ijongwe ngokukrokrele, kwaye abaphathi bayathandabuza ukugaqa ukujonga ngaphandle kwezithuthi ezikhuthuzayo.

Amanyathelo amapolisa oluntu aye angundoqo kwimodeli yotshintsho, kodwa inkqubela iyacotha. Ukwakha akufuni nje ukubakho okubonakalayo kodwa kubandakanya umanyano lokwenene nabantu basekuhlaleni. Oku kunzima ngakumbi kwiindawo apho amajoni — amaqela eeriphabliki nawamagunya anyanisekileyo — ayaqhubeka elawula, esebenzisa iindlela zawo ze "intelekelelo" kwaye esoyikisa abo basebenzisana namapolisa. I-PSNI kufuneka ihambe ngomgca onzima phakathi komthetho kunye nomanyano lwasekuhlaleni, ngokufuthi olunezinto ezingephili.

Ilifa Logonyamelo Nokuziphendulela

Mhlawumbi akukho mngeni uninzi ngaphezu kokuba kuthethwa njani ngexesha elidlulileyo. IiMbane ezishiyeke zifile zize zishiye amashumi amawaka enzakeleyo. Uninzi lwabo babulawayo lwalusezandleni zemikhosi yokhuseleko, kuquka i-RUC kunye nomkhosi waseBritane. Kumaxhoba kunye nabasindi, ukuphendula kuyimfuneko ukuze kuxolelwane. Kodwa oorhulumente abalandelelanayo baye bazama ukufumana inkqubo eyanelisa onke amaqela.

Iqela leNtonzo yezobuProtoliki beMigaqo (HET) elamiselwa ngo-2005 ukuphanda ngemiqathango enxulumene nokufa, laqala ukuxabana. [[FLT: 0]] 2013 uhlolo lweNhlolo-ntle kaHer Mongameliety yeConsatalial [ lwafumanisa ukuba iHET yayisebenzisa imilinganiselo eyahlukileyo kwiimeko ezibandakanya imikhosi yokhuseleko enxulumene nemikhosi yomkhosi, ibeka phantsi ukuthembeka kwayo. Isebe elilandelayo iReface Investivery Ice Icess Hurder liyaqhubeka lijongenana nezityholo zokucalula nokulibazisa.

Ngo-2021, urhulumente we-UK wapapasha i-Bhili ye-Northern Ireland Trouts (Izigwebo ne-Reconciliation) uBill, ecebisa ukuba kumiselwe imiqathango yetyala ekwenziwe ngaphambi ko-1998 kunye nekhomishini entsha ezimeleyo yokufumana ulwazi. Lo mthetho uye wagwetywa ngokuqinileyo yimibutho yamalungelo abantu [, amaqela amaxhoba, kunye norhulumente wase-Ireland. Abahlalutyi beya kuthi kuya kwenza ukurhoxiswa kwamacala abo bachase iintsapho zabo kwaye bakhanyele ilungelo lokufumana inyaniso nokusesikweni ngokuthobela izivumelwano zaseYurophu ezingokwamalungelo abantu.

Iimbambano Zezobupolitika Nezithintelo Zeziko

Iinguqu zomthetho kuMntla Ireland azinakwahlulwa kumongo obanzi wezopolitiko. Amaziko anciphisa amandla alawulayo e-Sponsont aye abekwa izihlandlo ezininzi, kutshanje ukususela ngo-2017 ukuya ku 202020 kunye nakuphinda-phinda ukususela ngo-2022 ukuya ekuqaleni kowama-2024. Ngexesha lala maxesha okungakhubazeki kwezobupolitika, izigqibo ezicwangcisiweyo kumsebenzi wamapolisa — kuquka uqingqo-mali, ukuvelela, kunye nokumiswa kwamagosa amakhulu — aye ashiywe kwi-'livovo.

Ngaphezu koko, amaqela amabini amakhulu, iDemocratic Union Party (Dupu) neSin Féin, anezikhundla ezahlukileyo ekuguquleni amapolisa. Ngoxa ngoku uSinn Féin exhasa iPSNI kwaye ekhuthaza abalandeli besizwe ukuba bathelele, iqela lihlala ligxeka imigaqo ethile kwaye liye lacela ukuphendula okungakumbi. I-Dup, ngelinye ixesha, iye yasoloko ilwa notshintsho oluqhubekayo, iphikisa into yokuba iingcebiso zePaten zigqitywe ngokupheleleyo kwaye ngoku kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ekusebenzeni.

Olu lwahlukano lwezobupolitika lukwenza kube nzima ukuvumelana ngemibandela enzima enjengokusingatha umboniso, iiflegi nezikhumbuzo — konke oku kunokubangela ukungalungelelani nokuvavanya amapolisa.

Izisongelo zokhuseleko eziqhubekayo ezivela kumaqela angenaludlamko

Ngeli xesha ukuyeka kweIRA ukutsha nokurhoxa komlilo kwaphelisa iphulo elingundoqo leriphabliki, amaqela amancinane adibene anjenge-IRA, Óglaigh na hÉirean, kunye ne-Connutity IRA ayaqhubeka esebenza. Basenza isisongelo esingapheliyo kodwa esiphantsi, ingakumbi kwimimandla esezantsi, ingakumbi kwimimandla yemida kunye nemimandla yeRiphabliki ye-Belfast kunye ne-Derry/Londonderry. Uhlaselo luquka ukudubula, ukudubula, ukubetha, ukubetha, kunye nokuhlasela amagosa amapolisa kunye neentsapho zawo.

Ngokweenombolo ze-PSNI, kwakukho iziganeko ezinxulumene nokhuseleko ezingama-81 ngonyaka ukuya kuMatshi 2024, kuquka i-13 yendlela yomkhosi wokudubula kunye ne-40 yezohlaselo. I-PSNI ngoku ivavanya umgangatho wesisoyikiso kwi-riphabliki echaseneyo eNorthern Ireland njenge "ecene," ithetha ukuba uhlaselo lunokwenzeka kakhulu.

Oku kusingqongileyo kokhuseleko kubeka iimfuno ezingaqhelekanga kubaphathi-mikhosi. Kufuneka benze umsebenzi wobupolisa oqhelekileyo ngeli xesha bephaphile ngokugaleleka. Uxinzelelo lwengqondo lubalulekile, noxinezeleko oluphezulu kunye noxinezeleko lwasemva koxinezeleko oluchazwe phakathi kwabasebenzi be-PSNI. Ukuzinzisa nokuzibekela iinjongo kuye kwaba yingxaki enzulu, kunye namanani anciphayo kwiminyaka yakutshanje.

Ucelomngeni Kutshintsho Lwenkqubo Yokusesikweni

Ukuhlangabezana Neemeko Zangaphambili: Izilingo, Ukubuzwa Kwazo, Nokuchacha Kwenyaniso

Inkqubo yokugweba eMntla Ireland isebenza ekusingatheni inkqubo ecothayo, ebuhlungu yokubonisa amatyala anxulumeneyo. Ezinye zezi zinto zibandakanya ukutyholwa kwamajoni angaphambili, amagosa amapolisa, kunye nabameli bakarhulumente. Ukuntsonkotha kweziganeko ezenzekayo kumashumi eminyaka adluleyo, ngokufuthi kunezingqiniso ezisikelwe phantsi kunye neenkumbulo eziphelayo zamangqina, zininzi. Ukubulawa kwabantu kunqabile, kwaye xa kusenzeka, kungalawula iingxwabangxwaba zasekuhlaleni.

Imeko yeMarine A (Alexander Blackman) kunye nokutshutshiswa kwamajoni ngenxa yokufa ngeCawa yeBlood ziyimizekelo ephawulekayo. Okwangoku, i [[FLT: 0] Isebe lobubhali elifuna ukuphanda ngoku linamakhulu eemeko ezivulekileyo, ezininzi ebezihleli iminyaka.

Ukuchacha kwenyaniso yenye into ethandabuzekayo. IProtocal Institution Abuse Inquiry kunye nophando oluqhubekayo lukaMama kunye noBantwana Homes ngamanyathelo okuvuma iimpazamo zexesha elidlulileyo, kodwa ikhomishini ecacileyo yenyaniso yeengxaki — njengoko ikhuthazwa ngamaqela amaninzi asekuhlaleni — ayizange imiselwe. Ikhomishini emitsha karhulumente phantsi kweLegacy Bill isebenza kakhulu emva kweminyango evaliweyo, iphakamisa inkxalabo ngokukhanya kwanelungelo lokuva ngokulungileyo.

Uxolelaniso Nobulungisa

Enye yezona ngxaki zinzulu kwibutho lasemva kokudibana kwemibutho yezopolitiko lulungelelaniso phakathi kokuchanabeka kobulungisa nokufuna ukuphiliswa ngokwentlalo. Kumntla Ireland, ukhetho alukho phakathi kwamatyala kunye nokuxolelwa; lumalunga nendlela yokuyila ikamva elabelweneyo xa ubeka amaxhoba. Inkqubo yoxolo yakhiwa ngokulalanisa: ukukhululwa kwasekuqaleni kwamabanjwa ezobupolitika, ukusekwa kwe-Police Ombudsman, kunye nokudalwa kweKhomishini Yoluntu yaseNorthern Ireland.

Amaxhoba amaninzi avakalelwa kukuba okusesikweni kuye kwanikelwa ngenxa yokuzinza. Baphikisa ngelithi urhulumente akazimisele ukumangalela amajoni akhe, ngoxa amajoni ejongene nokungaqiniseki okulinganiselweyo. Ibinzana elithi "ilungelo lomkhosi" ngokwalo liye lakhutshwa, lichazwa ngokweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeendawo. Kuba, abathile, okusesikweni kuthetha ukubona abachasi-mthetho besiwa enkundleni; kuba abanye, kuthetha ukuba ukubandezeleka kwabo kuqwalaselwe kwaye isidima sabo sibuyiselwe.

Iinkqubo zoxolelwaniso, ezifana nezilawulwa ngumbindi we-TRAuma [[FLT: 0] kunye namaqela asekuhlaleni anqamlezileyo, asebenza kumgangatho wengca. Zizisa amaxhoba asuka kumacala omabini ukuze abelane ngamava kwaye akhe ukuqonda. Nangona ibalulekile, le migudu ihlala incinane ngomlinganiselo xa ithelekiswa nobunzima obukhoyo.

Inkululeko yeziko nokuphumelela

Iinguqu zasemva konyaka ka-1988 zadala amaziko amatsha okuvelela ubupolisa nobulungisa: iBhodi yePhondo leNkcubeko, iKhomishini yamaPolitike, iKhomishini yamaLungelo oLuntu yaseMntla Ireland, kunye neKhomishini yokuLingamela. Ukuzimele kwabo kubaluleke kakhulu, kodwa baye basoloko bejamelene nengcinezelo yezobupolitika kunye nokungathintelwa koqingqo-mali. Ngokomzekelo, amaPolithi Ombudsman ebekwisazulu sempikiswano ngokuphanda kwawo kwiimeko zembali, ngokuzingxengxengxezo ezisuka kwimicimbi yembali, ngokusuka kwimibutho yoomibutho kunye neyo yesizwe.

Inkqubo yokulawula izamana neengxaki ezisebenzisekayo. Iinkundla zaseMntla Ireland zisasebenza ngaphandle kokuchotshelwa kwamatyala athile anzulu, aziwa njengeenkundla zejaji eziziiNtloko zemfazwe. Nangona ezi zinto zenzelwe ukuthintela ukusoyikwa, zihlala zisemgangathweni wamanye amatyala anxulumene nemikhosi, ziphakamisa imibandela yokusesikweni nokuthembeka koluntu. Ukuguqula ezi nkundla yinkqubo ecothayo, exhomekeke kwimeko yokhuseleko kunye nokuthanda kwezobupolitika.

Indlela phambili: Inkxaso yehlabathi kunye ne-arhente yasekuhlaleni

Imibutho yezizwe ngezizwe iyaqhubeka idlala indima ekuxhaseni imigudu yokulungisa. Inkqubo ye-European Union ye-PLUS, eqhubekeka ukuya kutsho ku-2027, inika inkxaso-mali enqamlezileyo ukwenzela imisebenzi ekhuthaza uxolelwaniso, ukuvuselelwa kwezoqoqosho, kunye nezithuba ezihlukeneyo. I-United States, ngeNcedo ekhethekileyo yoMntla Ireland, iye yaxhasa ngokungaguqukiyo inkqubo yoxolo, ikhuthaza iinkokeli zezobupolitika ukuxhasa imigaqo yeGoold Wesihlanu Actrition.

Noko ke, utshintsho oluzinzileyo ekugqibeleni luxhomekeke kubadlali basekuhlaleni. IPSNI iqhube inkqubela yokwenene ekuqeqesheni amalungelo abantu, ekuphuculeni uqeqesho lwamalungelo abantu, nasekuphuculeni umsebenzi wokunxibelelana noluntu. Ukwenziwa kobuProfethi beSithili kunye noLuntu loKhuseleko loLuntu luye lwanika amagosa oluntu intetho esesikweni kwezobupolisa. Kodwa ezi zibonelelo zisebenza ngokunempumelelo ukuba kukho ukuzinza kwezobupolitika nokuvuma ukulalanisa.

Enye indawo apho inkqubela ibonakala khona linani elandayo lamagosa amaKatolika kwizintlu eziphezulu. Ngonyaka wama2023, okokuqala, igosa lamaKatolika — umncedisi weNtloko uMark McEwan — lamiselwa kwenye yezikhundla ezine eziphezulu zolawulo. Imicimbi yeMifuziselo, kodwa kufuneka ikhatshwe ziinguqu ezincinci kwindlela abasebenzi abahanjiswa ngayo.

Olunye uphawu olunethemba linani elikhulayo lamalungiselelo obulungisa asekelwe kuluntu. Ezi nkqubo, ezidla ngokuqhutywa yimibutho yasekuhlaleni ejongene nePSNI, zinika enye indlela kwisohlwayo somkhosi kwiziphumo zolwaphulo-mthetho oluphantsi. Banika abantu isibonda kukhuseleko lwabo kwaye banciphisa impembelelo yamaqela alumkileyo. Kodwa ke, bahlala bephikisana, ingakumbi phakathi kwabaququzeleli abaphikisayo ukuba basebenzisa amajoni omkhosi omkhosi ozibandakanyayo kubomi boluntu.

Isiphelo

Imingeni yokuguqula amapolisa kunye nokusesikweni eNorthern Ireland ayingobuchule okanye ulawulo nje kuphela — badityaniswe kakhulu nokuzichaza, ukukhumbula, namandla. Inkqubo yoxolo yaphumelela ekupheliseni ugonyamelo olukhulu lwezobupolitika, kodwa ayizange isombulule ukwaphuka okukhoyo kwibutho labantu. Ukwakha inkonzo yamapolisa kunye nenkqubo yokusesikweni eyalela ukuba abantu bonke bathembeke kumsebenzi wesizukulwana.

Kusekho imiqobo engundoqo: indlela yokulungisa ilifa leMixokelelwano ngendlela elungileyo nenokuthenjwa; indlela yokumelana nesisongelo esiqhubekayo esivela kumariphabliki avukelayo ngaphandle kokubhenela kumkhosi wezomkhosi; indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuvumelana kwezobupolitika kwintlanganiso edla ngokungqubana; nendlela yokuqinisekisa ukuba amaziko anjengeBhunga LeeNkundla neNkundla azimeleyo yaye ayasebenza.

Kodwa inkqubela yeminyaka engama-25 edluleyo ayifanele ithathwe lula. Ukubonwa kwegosa le-PSNI elivela kwimvelaphi yobuKatolika elijikeleza umhlaba wesizwe, okanye uSinn Féin wezobupolitika ohleli kwi-Policing Board yaseMntla Ireland, bekungayi kuba nakucingelwa ngoo1980. Utshintsho belungafezekanga, belukhuphisana, kwaye lungaphelelanga — kodwa lukho ngokwenene. Indlela engaphambili ifuna umonde, inkalipho yezobupolitika, kunye nokuzinikela okuqhubekayo kwimigaqo yamalungelo abantu, ukuphendula ityala, kunye nolwalamano oluxhasa i-Promente Entle yeSihlanu.

KuMntla Ireland, ukusukela okusesikweni nonqabiseko kuselinyathelo elifanelekileyo lokulungelelanisa — elo liya kugqiba enoba uxolo luhlala luhleli ngokwenene okanye luhlala lunemiqathango ngonaphakade.