Ukwazisa: Ukwanda Kwasedolophini laseCanberra Kuyindawo Ejikelezayo

ICanberra, isixeko esilikomkhulu saseOstreliya, yazalwa ijonge ukwanda kwabemi besizwe ngabom nocwangco. Yabhalwa nguWalter Burley Griffin ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, isakhiwo sesixeko sakhiwe kufuphi nedike elisembindini, imbombo yemikhosi yamazwe, kunye nezithuba eziluhlaza ezibanzi. Kwiminyaka engamashumi amathathu edluleyo, noko, le ndawo iye yafumana ukwanda okuqhubekayo kwabemi, ibeka uxinzelelo olungathethekiyo kwimihlaba-mhlaba wayo kunye nemithetho yezindlu zayo. Ngokwendlela i-20211 yelizwe elinabantu abadlula kuma-450 000, kunye neendawo ezibonisa ukukhula kwemibutho elingu-60 000 ngeminyaka engama-2040. Le mikhosi inguququzelelana nebemi belizwe ukuba bahlangane ngayo ngaphandle kokukhuliswa kwemibanzile, ukukhuselwa kwemiqobo kwemizi yabo, ukukhuselwa kwemilo lendalo, nendlela yokuzinziwa nokukhuselwa kwemali elungele ukukhuselwa ngayo.

Ukuqonda ezi zenzo zibalulekileyo akuyonto nje ekufuneka ifundwe kubafundi abafunda ukucwangcisa izixeko kunye nenkqubo kawonke-wonke kodwa nakumntu ngamnye ohlala eCanberra obandakanyeke kubomi boluntu. Izigqibo ezenziwa namhlanje malunga nendawo aza kwakhiwe kuyo, oko kumele kulondolozwe, kwaye ngubani onako ukukwazi ukuhlala apho kuya kusibumba khona isixeko kangangesizukulwana. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa imigaqo engundoqo elawula ukusetyenziswa kwelizwe nezindlu eCanberra, iingxaki abajamelana nazo, neembopheleleko zesizwe ezibangelwa kukuyila ikamva lekomkhulu.

Ipolitiki yoPhuhliso lomhlaba: Ukuqhuba ikomkhulu elizinzileyo

Imigaqo-nkqubo yophuhliso lomhlaba eCanberra imisela indawo, into, nendlela yokwandisa idolophu. Igunya leNkqutyana yokuCwangcisa, elisebenza phantsi noMthetho woPhuhliso 2007 , lisebenzisa isiCwangciso sengingqi / orgunial) iplani yengingqi yokuba umhlaba wengingqi ohlalwa kuyo, owezentengiselwano, owezoshishino, owezoshishino, nowokuvula indawo esetyenziswayo. Le nkqubo ayisebenzi nje kuphela kumaxwebhu obugcisa; iquka amaxabiso oluntu malunga nolwando, ukulondolo, nokuhlala.

Ukhuthazo kunye nophuhliso lweGreenfield

Uxinzelelo olusembindini kumgaqo welizwe likaCanberra lulungelelaniso phakathi kwe-Dolobha elingenisa intsungulo-mbini (ukuphuhlisa iitafile ezikhoyo kwimimandla ephakamileyo) kunye nophuhliso lwebala eliluhlaza (ukwakhiwa komhlaba ongaphucukanga kwimimandla yesixeko). URhulumente we-Active ye-Actal [[FLLT:0]] uDrawn Reuntalmental Programme [[[FLLLD:1]] ukhuthaza ukukhula kwenkqubela-phambili kwimimandla ekhoyo enjengeSixeko seSixeko seDolophu, iBelconen Town, kunye neWoden Town Cent Cententent ye-ome, ijonge ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kakuhle kokusetyenziswa kwesakhiwo esikhoyo. Noko ke, kwimisebenzi yokugcwalisa imoyezoko kusoloko kunxuswa ukulahlwa kwemibutho, ukunyuka kwezithuthi zorhwebo, kunye nokukhuselwa kwe-oglobal.

Imithetho efana ne Esebenzayo Utshintsho lwemo-zulu 20191825 oludityanisiweyo olucacileyo lokusetyenziswa komhlaba ekunciphiseni ikharbon. Ukuphuhliswa kwentsebenziswano enciphisa imfuneko yokuqhuba kukusetyenziswa kwesixhobo esingundoqo sokufikelela amaxhoba omhlaba omhlaba. Ukongeza, i “ isixeko seminethi engama-20 ingqiqo iyadityaniswa ekucwangcisweni kwemigaqo-sikhokelo: imimandla kufuneka inike iimfuno ezininzi zemihla ngemihla (izikolo, iivenkile, iivenkile, i-grafecureature, ipaki) kwi 20-minetting okanye umjikelo. Oku kukhuthaza impilo, unxulumano lwasekuhlaleni, kunye noqoqoo lwezoqoqosho lwasekuhlaleni, kodwa kufuna ukugcinwa kwemiqatha.

Ulondolozo lwemekobume kunye noyilo olunqanda ukuchanabeka kwamadolophana

Imigaqo-nkqubo yenkqubela-mhlaba kaCanberra ikwabonisa i-ethos enamandla yokusingqongileyo. I-Watter Offier Uyilo lwase-Urban (WSUD) imigaqo yemigaqo yemithetho yezeNkcubeko egunyazisiweyo yokuphuhlisa ifuna ukuvunwa kwemvula, imfuno ekwindawo ephezulu, kunye neendawo ezinomphantsi othe tyaba ukuphatha amanzi ebusika nokukhusela ubunjani bamanzi be-Burley Griffin. [FLT:] Imigaqo ye-ATY] ekwindawo engqongileyo iqinisekisa ukuba inkqubela-phambili ayiphumeli ekulahlekelweni kweminye imimandla ehlala kuyo, njengokuba i-etshanambuthu yelanga eyingozi ne-pinki. Ngeliva le projective iyakwazi ukunyusa, ingeniso yendalo ebangela ukuba ibe yenye i-Fracrable.

Iinkcukacha ezithe kratya ngendlela isiCwangciso se-Planethi yoNyaka esilingana ngayo inkqubela-phambili kunye nemekobume, abafundi bangatyelela i-website [[FLT: 0] ye-Act i-Programe yoLungiselelo lukaRhulumente[[FLT: 1]].

Iintlawulo Zezindlu: Ukufumaneka, Ukwahlukahlukana Kwazo, Nokulingana

Iinkqubo zendlu ezikwimo yeCanberra ezihlala ngqo eziya kuhlala apho, kwixabiso, naphantsi kweemeko ezinjani. Kwiminyaka elishumi edluleyo, ikomkhulu liye lafumana unyuko olukhawulezileyo kumaxabiso empahla kunye nerente, lityhalela kwimiba ephezulu yezakhono zoluntu. Ixabiso lendlu yesixhobo sokugcina iibhaso zixhobo lidlula i-Cnberra (2060 000) phakathi-2023, liyenza ibe lisixeko sesibini esibiza imali eninzi kakhulu emva kweSydney. Eli xabiso lichaphazela ngokungenakuthelekiswa nanto abantu abaselula, abasebenzi abangundoqo, kunye nezindlu ezifumana imali ephantsi, ezisongela intlalo-ntlalo yeCanberra.

Iindawo zokuhlala ezinokufumaneka kunye nokuxhotyiswa

URhulumente we-ACT uphendule ngemiqathango emininzi. Iqhinga le-Affordble Home libeka ixhoba lokuba isihlanu ekhulwini sazo zonke izindlu ezintsha “zinokuhlawulwa” (ezichazwa njengerente okanye intlawulo yendlu eqeshiweyo engaphantsi kwama-30 ekhulwini emali ehlawulwa yimali-mali yendlu). * * i-Incussionary Zoning Project** ifuna abaphuhlisi ukunikezela ngesabelo somhlaba okanye izindlu ezipheleleyo, ngenjongo yokuhlala ezilinganayo ezilishumi ekhulwini kwiindawo ezikwindawo eziluhlaza zebala elinandidi kunye ne 10 ekhulwini ekuzaliseni ingeniso. Le mithetho inike amakhulu emali efunekayo yokuqesha, kodwa abagxeki abahlali baphikisa iinjongo ezisezantsi zokuhlangabezana neenkqubo zokugcinwa kwemali.

Olunye uhlaziyo luyi- IsiCwangciso selizwe, esivumela abathengi bezindlu abafanelekileyo ukuba bahlawule imali ebhatalayo yonyaka endaweni yentengo enkulu engaphambili, ngokunempumelelo inciphisa umqobo kwikhaya. Ngoxa eli cebo lincedise malunga nezindlu ezingama-200 ngonyaka, uqingqo-mali lwazo lulinganiselwe, kwaye ukunyuka kwamaxabiso okwakha kunciphisa amandla ayo okuthenga.

Kwizibonelelo zenkqubo zangoku kunye ne-data yomsebenzi, ibonelela ngeengxelo zonyaka kunye nohlaziyo lobuchule.

Urhwebo Lwamashishini Nezinto Zokukhusela Ingqondo

Iindleko eziphezulu zokuqesha zeCanberra ziyinkxalabo ekhethekileyo kwisixeko esingenisa inani elikhulu labafundi baseyunivesithi, abasebenzi bakawonke-wonke, nabasebenzi bokwexeshana. Ngo-2023, irente yeveki nganye yendlu yegumbi lokulala eCanberra yayingu-R690, ngaphezu komlinganiselo wesizwe. URhulumente weSebe uphendule ngokuqinisa ukhuseleko oluphezulu phantsi kwe [[FLT: 0] u-Reinteal Tenances Amendment Act 20222, kuquka imilinganiselo esezantsi yezindlu (ngokulingana nokokufudula, ukufuduza, kunye nokungena umoya) kunye nemiqatha yemiqatha ekhuhla ekhutshwayo kunyuke kanye ngeenyanga ezili-12 ezinesaziso esi-8. Ngexesha la milinganiselo yokuhlalisa umgangatho wokuqesha nokuzingela, abathi bathetha ngqo apho bathengisela khona iintengiso.

Ukungabi nakhaya Nezindlu Zoluntu

Abantu abangaphezu kwe-1,500 bafumana ukungabi namakhaya nakubuphi na ubusuku obunikiweyo, inani elinyuke ngokuthe ngcembe kwishumi leminyaka elidlulileyo. Isicwangciso seNkcubeko yeNtlalo 201-202025] yenza ulwakhiwo lokwakha amatsha amatsha angama-400 ezindlu zikawonke-wonke kunye nezindlu zoluntu ezingama-700 ngo-2025, kunye nonyuko olukhulu lwemali ekhoyo. Noko ke, ulwakhiwo lulibaziseko kunye nothutho lomhlaba luye lwayaphul'inkqubela. Intsingiselo icacile: ukungabinandawo yokuhlala yezona zibuthathaka zentlalo-ntle ezijongene, ingcipheko yempilo, yezobulungisa, kunye neenkonzo zongxalo-onqando.

Ucelomngeni Kumhlaba Nakumgaqo-nkqubo Wezindlu

Ukuguqulela usukelo lwenkqubo kwiziphumo ezibonakalayo kuzaliswe yimiqobo. Ngasezantsi kukho imiqobo engundoqo abacebi, abezobupolitika nabemi abamele bahambe ngayo.

  • Ukukhula okunika amandla okukhusela imeko-bume: Zonke izigxa-mabhulorho ezintsha okanye iziqobo zokuhlala kufuneka zilinganise imfuneko yokuhlala ngokuchasene nexabiso lemiphezulu yemithi, iipaseji, kunye nendawo evulekileyo. Umzekelo, inkqubela-phambili ecetyiweyo kwincam yeNtshona ifake impikiswano ecacileyo ngeziphumo zemeko-methoba yehlathi elisengozini enkulu.
  • ukulinganisa ukufikelela okulinganayo kwizindlu ezinqamleza imigangatho yengeniso: kwanangokufakwa kweendawo, amaqela ezindlu angabiziyo asoloko edityaniswe kwimimandla engadityanisiweyo, eqhubekisela phambili iipateni zokungalingani. Ukuhlala ngomdla kwiziphumo ezidityanisiweyo kuyafuneka.
  • Ukufuna ukusetyenziswa kwabemi kunye nezibonelelo: amadlelo okugcwalisa anjengeInner North angakhula ngaphandle konyuselo olwaneleyo kwiintloko zamanzi, umthamo wezithuthi zikawonke-wonke, kunye nezikolo zasekuhlaleni. [ Isicwangciso sokwandiswa kweNgxoxoxo yePhondo izama ukunyusa ityala le-ingcungxushuwa yonyuso, kodwa inkqubo isoloko ilandela ulwamkelo.
  • Ukuhlala kwindlu phakathi kwamaxabiso olwakhiwo anyukayo: kwanaxa kuxhaswa umhlaba, ixabiso lezixhobo, umsebenzi, nokuthotyelwa kunokwenza imisebenzi yezindlu ezinokufikeleleka ingabinako ngaphandle kwemiphezulu karhulumente.
  • ukuxhathisa komnqophiso ekutshintsheni: I-NIMBYS (“hayi Kumva Wam weYard”) isoloko ivingco uphuhliso oluphezulu kwisakhelo samahlomela-matheko esisekiweyo esisezantsi, elizisa unikezelo olufunekayo kakhulu. Ukuqhubana nabahlali kwangoko nangokucacileyo kubalulekile.

Ezi ngxaki azikho kwiCanberra kuphela, kodwa ziphakanyiswa kwikomkhulu lesixeko esisebenza njengekomkhulu likarhulumente wesizwe nephawu lobomi bedemokhrasi yase-Australia. Kumbono wothelekiso, ingxelo ye-OECD ngemithetho yezindlu kwizixeko ezikufutshane inika izalathiso zesebe lezizwe ngezizwe.

Iingxaki Zezigqibo Zemigaqo

Inkqubela-phambili yomhlaba nemigaqo-nkqubo yezindlu ayizozixhobo zobugcisa kuphela . Zizimbo zobuchule. Iinketho ezenziwe kucwangciso lweofisi, kwitafile yekhabhinethi, nakwibhokisi yebhola enomngxuma omkhulu wentlalo entle, imo yezulu, kunye nokuzinziswa kwexesha elide.

Ukusetyenziswa kakuhle kweNtlalo

Xa izindlu zingahlawulwa okanye zikude nemisebenzi neenkonzo, ulwahlulo loluntu lukhula, uxinezeleko olubangelwa kukunyuka, kwaye abemi balapho bachitha ixesha elincinane nentsapho kunye nabahlobo. Ngokuchasene noko, imimandla ecwangcisiweyo eneentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezindlu, iindawo zikawonke-wonke, kunye neendawo zoluntu ezikhuthaza unxibelelwano loluntu. Ingqiqo eqinileyo yeCanberra yoluntu ayizenzeki ngengozi; ibangelwa yinkqubo eqikelelwayo ebekwe ecaleni kwamashumi eminyaka yezithuba eziluhlaza, abahambi ngeenyawo, intsebenzi abayantlukwano, kunye nenkqubela-ntlalo . Njengoko isixeko sikhula, ikomkhulu lifuna ushishino lwezentlalo-ntle, njengeendawo zamathala eencwadi, namasimila emidlalo, ecaleni kwezindlu.

Ukuzinziswa Kwemekobume Nokungaguquguquki Kwemozulu

Imigaqo yocwangciso lweCanberra isoloko ithetha ngotshintsho lwemozulu. Isiphumo se-Urbat Heat Island ilawulwa ngeenkqubo zokutyala imithi kunye nemigangatho epholileyo yezakhiwo ezintsha. Imvume yokuphuhliswa ngokuquka iimfuno zokusetyenziswa kwezithuthi zenqwelo-moto ezilawula imozulu, iipali zelanga, kunye nendawo yokugcina ibhetri. Ezi zinciphisa amaxabiso ombane kwaye zifak'unegalelo kwinjongo ye-nethi-ze-zelithi eliphumayo ngo-2045. Kodwa, ukusasazwa kwezakhiwo eziluhlaza kungabinako ukulingana----kufumana amadlelo okujikeleza rhoqo kuba nomthi omncinci. CDICIc. Amaqela eeboodeko-engangeni.

Ulawulo Nokuthabatha Inxaxheba Kuwonke - wonke

Intlanganiso ye-Actal emalunga no-460 000 kunye no-nadamural Legislative ithetha ukuba abemi banokuba nelizwi elingqalileyo kwizigqibo zokucwangcisa. IGunya leSebe neLizwe [[[FLT:] liqhuba inkqubano yasekuhlaleni ephambili kwizicelo ezinkulu zokulungisa nokuphuhlisa. Amabhunga oluntu, njengeBhunga loLuntu loLuntu [[FLT:] iBhunga loLuntu kunye neBhunga loMkhosi [[FLT:]] kunye neBhunga loLuntu loMbutho loMzantsi woLuntu eMantla [[FLT]], lilungiselela iindlela ezilungele ukungeniswa kwengeniso yabahlalimmi. Ngokufunyaniswayo, uninzi lwabahlandyelela ipropati, uluntu oluye lwazinzi, uluntu oluye lwahlukeneyo, ulutsha, oluye lusoloko ukunikezela ngolungela uluntu oluninzi.

Ukubona indlela izibheno ezisebenza ngayo, i-'[FLT' ye-Expand' ye-Tribunal kunye ne-Administrative Tribunal (ACAT) ihlola izigqibo zophuhliso kwaye inika indlela ecacileyo yokusombulula impikiswano. Ulwazi oluninzi lufumaneka ngokugqitha kwi-webhthi ye-ACAT.

Indima Yabemi Nabenzi Bemithetho Ephazamisa Ikamva

Indlela Abahlali Abanokuba Nayo

UKUBA nenxaxheba kumhlaba nakwimithetho yezindlu akupheleli ekuvoteni rhoqo emva kweminyaka emine.

  • Ukuya kwiverhe yocwangciso-mbutho kuludwe loluntu kwizicelo ezitsha, ezifana nemithambo yeSithili seWarati yeNqanawa yeFashoni okanye iNguquko.
  • Ukubhala phantsi kwemithetho ebhaliweyo kwiKomiti ePhambiliyo ye-ACT Legislative eLawulweni ePhakamileyo engokulungelelanisa nokubuya kwe-Urban.
  • Ukuthelela ibhunga lasekuhlaleni okanye umanyano lwabahlawuli bemali ukuze bakhuthaze ulwando olulungeleleneyo.
  • Ukuxhasa amaqela ezindlu anjenge Amaxabiso e-sheltator okanye I-Active Programu yokuthatha inxaxheba ye-AC.
  • Ukubaleka usiya eofisini okanye ukuvulela ungenelelo kwiqela lezobupolitika elibeka kwindawo elungelelanisiweyo nenokulondolozwa.

Abami banokuthi abanikeli benkqubo bafune ityala ngokunyanzelisa ulwazi olucacileyo ngokunikezelwa kwezindlu, iziphumo zemekobume, kunye neziphumo zentlalo. Inyathelo logcino-lwazi olufana noRhulumente we-ACT [[FLT: 0]] yogcino-lwazi lweMALI [[[FLT: 1]] lunika iinkcazelo ezicwangcisiweyo kwizicelo zophuhliso, imvume yokwakha, kunye nenkqubo yokwandiswa kwabemi.

Izixhobo Neembopheleleko Zabenzi Bezomthetho

Abenzi benkqubo banezixhobo ezininzi abanokuzisebenzisa ukulungelelanisa umhlaba neziphumo zezindlu kunye nosukelo lukarhulumente:

  • Izixhobo zemali: Iirhafu zelizwe, ukulinganisela umsebenzi ovunyelweyo kubathengi basekhaya bokuqala, kunye nombhekisi phambili uhlawula izibonelelo.
  • [[Umthetho:0] izixhobo zolawulo:[ Ezincinci iimfuno zobunzima, ulwalamano lwezindlu zokuxuba kunye nemilinganiselo yekhowudi yokwakha ukuphumelela kwamandla.
  • Ilungiselelo lokwakha izindlu zikawonke-wonke, izindlu zoluntu, nendawo yokuhlala yabafundi ngemibutho karhulumente.
  • Ucwangciso lobungcali: Amaxwebhu embono ade njenge iCetating sitegy 2023-2045 emisela iipaseji zokukhula, amaxhoba, kunye nokhuseleko lwemeko- bume.

Ucelomngeni lwabenzi benkqubo kukudibanisa ezi zixhobo ngendlela edityanisiweyo elungelelanisa ukhuphiswano. Umzekelo, ngeli xesha ukunciphisa umsebenzi wezitembu kungenza uphuculo lwemali yabafuduki, kwakhona kunciphisa ingeniso karhulumente yokuveliswa kwezindlu zoluntu. Iindawo zorhwebo kufuneka zenziwe ngokucaceyo nangegalelo loluntu.

Isiphelo: Ukwakha Umbono Wekamva LikaCanberra

Ukuphuhliswa komhlaba nemigaqo yezindlu eCanberra asiyonkqubo yobugcisa; zizinto ezisetyenziswayo ukuze kuhlale abantu abahlukeneyo. Ukutshintsha kwezakhiwo, zonke izinto ezithengwayo, igalelo ngalinye lezakhiwo, igalelo ngalinye elizibonelelo ngendlela abantu abaphila ngayo, abasebenza ngayo, kunye nabo bangabakho. Ukusekwa kweso sixeko `ikomkhulu elicetyiweyo kumyezo, ngoku kufuneka kujikelele ukutshintsha kwemozulu, ukutshintsha kwamanani abantu, nokungalingani kwezoqoqosho.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba iCanberra ihlala iphila, iquka, kwaye ihlala ikhona, bonke abaxhasi bemathiriyeli, ushishino, kunye nabemi-"kufuneka babendakanyeke kule nkqubo ngokungqongqo nangokwakha. Ikamva lesixeko alimiselwanga kwangaphambili; libunjwa zisigqibo esisenza kunye namhlanje. Ngokusekelwe ekuqondeni iziphumo zengingqi zomhlaba nezindlu, sisixhobo esinamandla esinaso sokwakha ikomkhulu elimela ngokwenene imilinganiselo engcono yase-Australia.

Kwabo bafuna ukufikelela nzulu, injongo yophuhliso oluzinzileyo 11 kwizixeko kunye noluntu oluzinzileyo lunika isiseko sehlabathi esibonisa ngqo amabhongo kaCanberra. Kwaye ugcino-lwazi lwehlabathi lokwenene kuxinzelelo lwezindlu, iBhunga le-Australian leNkonzo yeNtlalo (ACOS)[FL:3] likhupha iingxelo zonyaka ezikhoyo zomkhondo ozinzileyo ngommandla.