Ukuqonda Umahluko Phakathi Kwezibongozo Nokuqhatha

Kuluntu lwedemokhrasi, abemi banezixhobo ezinamandla zokulawula imigaqo-nkqubo elawula ubomi babo. Phakathi kwezona zibalulekileyo zezi zixhobo kukucela nokukhuthaza. Nangona zombini zisisiseko ekuthembiseni intlalo, zisebenza ngemigaqo eyahlukeneyo, zifuna imigangatho eyahlukeneyo yobuncwane, kwaye zisebenzisa impembelelo ecacileyo. Olu khokelo lunentsingiselo ebanzi luhlola iinguqu zomsebenzi ngamnye, ukusuka kwimvelaphi yazo yembali ukuya kwimitshato yazo yale mihla, inika isiseko esicacileyo sokuqonda indlela esebenza ngayo kwindalo entsonkothileyo yenkqubo kawonke wonke. Ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwezi ndlela zimbi zobugcisa zombini zinika amandla abaxhasi, abaxhasi, nabahlali bebo abatshatiwe ukuba bakhethe indlela efanelekileyo yokuyila iinjongo zabo.

Yintoni Into Efunekayo?

Umphakathi wesicelo ufaka isibongozo esisemthethweni, sisicelo esibhaliweyo esibhalelwe kwigunya elithile, njengendlu yowiso-mthetho, umbutho wolawulo, okanye umbutho wabucala. Sifumana amandla aso kumandla asemthethweni kodwa kubunzima bamanani. Xa amawakawaka abantu befaka amagama awo kuxwebhu, sibonakalisa inkxalabo edibeneyo engenakushenxiswa lula. Kwimbali, ilungelo lokucela urhulumente liyimbombo yamalungelo edemokhrasi, ikhutshelwe kwiSinyuselo sokuqala soMgaqo-siseko we-U.S.

Kule mihla, izibongozo zinikezelwe kakhulu kutshintsho lwamanani. Izicelo ze-Platms njenge- Transformation. org kunye nomthetho osemthethweni we-portes, njengeepalamente zezicelo ze-UK [[, zivumela ukuqokelela inkxaso ekhawulezileyo kwimimandla enkulu yengingqi. Ukucela okuphumelelayo kungahlanganisa izigidi zotyikityo kwimini, kunyanzele umba kwimiba kawonke-wonke. Lo mqobo usezantsi wokungena unamandla abalulekileyo; nabani na onentsebenziswano ye-intanethi angaqala okanye axhase isicelo. Noko ke, kukhuthaza ukugxekwa. Ukutyikitywa kwegama kungakhokelela ku "ultism, apho zinokubonelela abantu ngabanye ukuba bavakalise, basebenzise igalelo olunzulu, ngaphandle kokwenza utyikelo lwe-R.

Iindidi zezibongozo zahluka kakhulu. isicelo esiceliweyo sicela ipalamente okanye ingqungquthela ukuchaza okanye ukuphelisa umthetho. isibongozo sesicelo senkundla esiqhubekekayo okanye esicela inkundla ukuba ithathe isenzo esithile. [[FLT:] [[FLT:]] ijolise isicelo ishishini, lifuna iinguqu kwimisebenzi okanye imigaqo. Ubunzima obusemthethweni besicelo buxhomekeke kulawulo. Kwimeko ezininzi, isicelo asibopheleleli ukuba usebenze. Endaweni, sidala uxinzelelo lwezopolitiki. Endaweni yoko, urhulumente ungenza ukhuphindo olufuna ukusabela ekungeneleni kotyikityelelo oluthile, ukwenziwa kwetyala okanye imigaqo-mthetho ye-mediaselse. [5] [ult]

Yintoni Impembelelo Engqalileyo?

Ukuba isicelo sisicelo esisetyenziswa ngokusisigxina, ukubhenela kwintlanganiso yeqhinga. Ukuqhatha kubandakanya unxibelelwano olungqalileyo, nobuchule negosa likawonke-wonke ukuphembelela isigqibo sokwenza kwabo kwiceba elithile lomthetho okanye inkqubo. Ngokungafaniyo nesicelo esibanzi, esibonakalayo sikawonke-wonke, ukungenelela kudla ngokuqhutywa ngeentlanganiso ezijoliswe kwintlanganiso, iileta, kunye nelungiselelo lolwazi lobuchule. Eli gama ngokwalo lisuka kuqheliselo lwabameli abalindileyo kumagumbi owiso-mthetho ukuze bathethe namalungu epalamente okanye engqungquthela.

Umsebenzi wokutsala abantu ushishino oluntsonkothileyo nolulawulwa kakhulu. E-United States, uMthetho we-Displaying Disloyising ka-1995 uchaza kwaye ufuna ukubhaliswa kwabantu abachitha ixesha labo elininzi kunye nemali etsala amagosa karhulumente. Le nkqubo esemthethweni yenzelwe ukulungiselela ukubonelela, ukuveza ochitha oko kuphembelela inkqubo. Imithetho efanayo ikho kwi-European Union, Canada, kunye ne-Australia, phakathi kwezinye izizwe. I-Lobbing ikhuselwe phantsi koMbeko wokuqala okhuselayo, ochazwa "njengokunelungelo lokucela urhulumente ukuba afake isikhalazo," equka ukuxhasa okufanelekileyo ukwenzela izinxano zomnye.

Yingcamango engaqhelekanga yokuba ukubhenela kwimibutho yezityebi kuphela. Ngelixesha ukurhwebelana kwenkampani kulawula ukuchithwa kwemali, uludwe olubanzi lwemibutho ekhoyo lubandakanyeka ekufuneni, kuquka imibutho yabasebenzi, amaqela angeyongeniso (njenge ACLU okanye i-Sierra Club), unxulumano lorhwebo, kwanorhulumente kunye noorhulumente basekuhlaleni. Abaxhasi beshishini benza imisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo: banika ubuchule obukhethekileyo obunokuthi abenzi bemithetho exakekileyo bangabikho, bakhuphele umthetho, banikele icebiso lezobupolitika, kwaye bakha ulwalamano lwexesha elide nabaqulumbi bemithetho.

Iibs ezithe ngqo. Grassiroots Lobbing

Ukurhweba akuyonto idibeneyo. Iquka iintlanganiso, iifowuni, kunye neengqinipho kwikomiti. ibandakanya ukurhwaqeshelwa kwe-injini unxibelelwano olungqalileyo negosa likarhulumente okanye abasebenzi balo ukuphembelela ulawulo oluthile. Oku kubandakanya iintlanganiso, iifowuni, kunye nobungqina kwikomiti. iziqhushukumi ezibhela-zimpompompo [ [okanye ukutsala ngokungangqalanga) kubandakanya ukuzama ukuphembelela uxinzelelo lwamagosa karhulumente. Iindlela zocingo zinokubakhuthaza abemi ukuba babhale iileta, benze umnxeba, okanye basayine izibongozo ezibhalisa abameli babo. Oku kwenza izicelo zokwahluzo zobutyani, zingabandakanywa ngendlela engahambelani, ngokunjalo, ii-ogroot ezigunyaza i-ogroot, zinokubhalwa ngokubhalwayo, kwaye zingabhalwa ngokubhaliweyo kakhulu iimfuneko ezigunyazisayo.

Umahluko Oyintloko Phakathi Kwezibongozo Nezinto Zokungcungcuthekisa

Ngeli xesha zombini zizeendlela zobuchule, izibongozo kunye nokunyusela iinguqu ngokukhawuleza kwindlela yazo zobugcisa, iindleko, ubungakanani, kunye nokusingqongileyo okulawulwayo. Ukuqonda oku kwahluka kubaluleke kakhulu nakuliphi na ubuchule. Amaphulo asebenzayo asoloko esebenzisa zombini izixhobo kodwa asebenza iinjongo ezahlukeneyo.

Uphando ngenkqubo: Ukuboniswa kombutho kawonke-wonke v. Internoteus

Isicelo singuxwebhu oluthe ngqo. Amandla aso ahlala ngokupheleleyo kuluhlu lwamagama adibeneyo. Sithetha into eyodwa: "Thina, sisayine, inkxaso okanye uchase u-X". Isenzo sokusayina siyindlela yokuqala yokuthabatha inxaxheba. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, yinkqubo esebenzayo, eqhubekayo. Ibandakanya ulwakhiwo, ukutshintshana kolwazi, nokushwankathelana amagama aqingqiweyo. Umxhasi akaceli nje u "e" okanye "no"; bachaza iziphumo zokwenene zehlabathi zomlo, intengiso, kunye nokunika urhwebo-lungiso. Le ndalo ifuna ubuchule obahlukeneyo, kuquka ubuchule obunzulu bolwazi lwento ethile kunye noosomazwano bezobupolitika.

Ixabiso nokufikeleleka: I-Merrier vs. uSomandla

Lo ngumahluko obalulekileyo. Ukuqalisa isicelo se-intanethi sisikhulule. Amaqonga amanani anika izibonelelo, kwaye i-media yentlalo esebenza njengesiqhagamshelanisi sokusasaza. Oku kumiselwa kolawulo lwedemokhrasi kuthetha ukuba intlawulo ye-odoli encinci, engaphantsi kwexabiso lithetha ukuba ilahleko encinane, ingaqalisa intshukumo yomhlaba wonke. I-Lobbanding, noko, ngumsebenzi obalulekileyo. Abaquququzeleli boncedo bayayalela iindleko eziphezulu. Iqela lezifundo zonxibelelwano lwezenkcitho yorhulumente lifuna ukulandelela umthetho kwaye lidibana namagosa kwiikomiti ezininzi. Eli xabiso liyintlawulo oluphezulu malunga nokulingana kwezobupolitika. Nangona abami baseburhulumenteni besenza ingeniso enokwenzeka (ukuqhuba ngeendleko zabameli zexesha kodwa abameli besasebenza, ukuxhasa umgangatho welizwe elilungeleneyo.

Impembelelo: Isandi somgca onzulu.

Izicelo ziphembelela ububanzi. Amandla azo akwisayizi yesihlwele abasimeleyo. Isibongozo esinezityikitya ezili-100 000 ziimpawu ezisenokuba ziphawuleka kwiqela labavoti. Abezobupolitika bazihoya ezo miqondiso ngomngcipheko wabo. Umxhasi ophembelela ngempembelelo ngobunzulu. Angamela umxhasi omnye kuphela, kodwa anikele ubuchule obunzulu bemali (ngemirhumo yephulo), kunye nodweliso lwezicwangciso eziphambili. Umxhasi onamandla angasoloko eguqula ivoti ye-getle yengi, kodwa ngokuzinika i-arhente egqibeleleyo, iphepha elimfutshane elicothayo, okanye indlela ecacileyo yokufumana kwakhona ulungiso. Enye indlela ibonakalisa ubungakanani bemiboniso, enye i-ediokity.

Umhlaba wolawulo kunye nokubonisa ngaphaya

Izicelo azilawulwa jikelele. Nabani na angadala enye, kwaye ngaphandle kwemithetho echasene nokuqhatha (ukutyikitya), kukho imiqobo embalwa esemthethweni. Le nkqubo inguwonke wonke; uluhlu lwemiboniso lusoloko lubonakala. Ngokuchaseneyo, lukho phakathi kwemimiselo eninzi elungiselelwe ukuthintela ukonakala kunye nempembelelo engafanelekanga. Kulo US, uMthetho weLobbing Displaise Dismloaise ufuna iingxelo zemali ehlawulwayo, iindleko, kunye neendleko ezithile okanye imibandela edityanisiweyo. Ulawulo olunyanisekileyo noluququzelelwe ngokubhekele phambili kule mithetho. Ngaphandle kwale mithetho yesiseko, impembelelo yemali kwezobupolitika kwezobupolitika. I-"Urrevoimplink" ihlala iyimbambano enzulu phakathi komsebenzi wobugqwele-ofisi be-ofisi be-ofisi be-ofisi ye-ofisi ye-ofisi ye-ofisi ye-ofisi ye-ofisi ye-ofisi.

Ulwalamano Olunobudlelane: Ukuhlanganisa Izibongozo Nokhuthuzo

Kwihlabathi lokwenene lobugqeba bezobupolitika, izibongozo kunye nokubhenela azifani. Endaweni yoko, ziyasebenzisana kakhulu. Iqela le-savvy elinobuchule bokuxhasa i-avvy lizakusebenzisa zombini ukwenza "ebucala nangaphandle" ubuchule. "inside" yinkqubo yobhedu: ukudibana nabalawuli bemithetho, iindleko zokwenza izijungqu, kunye nokuququzelela. "emphandle" indlela yokufaka isicelo (iphulo kunye nemibhiyo yeqela lezixhobo zoqhagamshelwano): uxinzelelo lukawonke-wonke olunika ukhuthulo lwangaphakathi kweqela lezixhobo zoqhagamshelwano.

Qwalasela iphulo lokulingana komtshato eUnited States. Umbutho osuka kwimibutho efana neKhampathiso yamaLungelo oluntu osebenza ngaphakathi kwezindlu zowiso-mthetho kunye neBhunga, udibana nezopolitiko ezingundoqo, ukuphumeza umthetho, kunye nokudibanisa. Ngohlobo olunye, amaphulo amakhulu okuquququzelela utyikityo kunye nezicelo ze-intanethi zabonisa inkxaso enkulu kawonke-wonke ngenxa yombango. Ummisi-mthetho owayethandabuza kuqala ukuxhasa ityala emva kokuba umxhasi we-Rhange ebonise isicelo esasayinwe ngu-50 000 e-Romatitys," ngelixa ilungiselela icebo lesenzo. Ngaphandle kwesibongozo sicelo, umquququzeli-zi-zi wamapolisa angabonakala engaphandle kokunxibelela. Ngaphandle koomatilo-mati, izicelo ezikhobhexiweyo zikho zikho zikho.

Ukuqwalasela Nokugxeka Okufanelekileyo

Zombini ezi zinto zisemngciphekweni wokugxekwa okusemthethweni. Izibongozo zisoloko zigxekwa ngokukhuthaza "ukungakhathaleli." Ukunqakraza lula kweqhosha kungadala imvakalelo yokuphumelela okungeyonyani, kusenokunciphisa intshukumisa yokubandakanyeka kwizenzo ezilucelomngeni zoluntu, ezinjengokunikela, ukunikela, okanye ukusebenzela isikhundla. Ngaphezu koko, izicelo zinokusetyenziswa lula, kwaye ifuthe labo lidla ngokuba nzima ukulinganisa. Ukucela nezigidi zotyikityano kunokungakhathalelwa ukuba lo mba awuyo eyona nto iphambili kwezopolitiko kubenzi besigqibo.

Ukurhwebelana kuthwala umthwalo onzima kakhulu wendlela yokuziphatha. Inkxalabo yokuqala kukukwazi ukuphatha inkqubo, apho imithetho kunye nemigaqo ilungiselelwe ukulungiselela izilangazelelo ezikhethekileyo ezithe ngqo kwindleko yoluntu ngokubanzi. Imali eninzi echithwayo ekungeni idla ngokubonwa njengendlela yokunganyaniseki okusemthethweni. "Umnyango ojikelezayo" phakathi komsebenzi kawonke-wonke kunye nokukhuthaza kwangasese kudala iingxabano zomdlalo, njengokuba amagosa angaphambili esebenzisa ii-mfashoni zawo nolwazi ngaphakathi ukunceda abaxhasi bobuqu. [[FLT: 0] [ECD] umsebenzi wokukhuthaza umthetho osemthethweni ubalaselsa ucelomngeni lwehlabathi lonke lokulungelelanisa ingeniso ekukhuseleni imicimbi yemeko ekufuneka ekukhuseleni impumelelo yesigqibo sikawonke. Xa kunikwa i-demodemocrackiss, ukunikezela ngobuchule obubalulekileyo kulawulo lwe-democrac.

Ukuthetha Ngokugxekwa Okuqhelekileyo Kwezibongozo

Ukuze izibongozo ziphumelele, kufuneka zibe yinxalenye yeqhinga elibanzi. Zinamandla kakhulu xa zijoliswe, zichaziwe, kwaye zixhaswa sisisongelo esithembekileyo okanye lithuba lomenzi wesigqibo. Isicelo esibongoza ibhunga lesixeko ukuba livote indlela ethile siphumelela ngakumbi ukuba linikelwa ligqityelwe ligqibile ukuba ligqithile liqela elimele umbutho wasekuhlaleni onamalungu abalulekileyo. Utyikityo yincam, hayi injongo epheleleyo.

Ukuthetha Ngokugxekwa Okuqhelekileyo Komqhankqalazo

Imigudu yokuguqula ukujolisa kwintsebenzo yokubonana nokuziphendulela. Imithetho engqongqo yokutyhila, amaxesha amade "okanyeka" kumagosa angaphambili, kunye nemiqathango yezipho kunye neminikelo yephulo zizinto eziqhelekileyo. Ukuqonda ixabiso lobuchule ngaphandle kokuvumela ukuba unikezele uluntu ukuba lucinezele umbaxa woshishino. Imibutho ekhuthaza ingingqi efana ne i-Opensets [ isebenza umsebenzi wokukhangela ukuhamba kwemali nokuzisa uluntu, inika uvavanyo olubalulekileyo kwimpembelelo engafanelekanga.

Isiphelo: Ukukhetha Isixhobo Esifanelekileyo Somsebenzi

Ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwezibongozo kunye nokubhenela kubaluleke kakhulu kuye nabani na ofuna ukuphembelela inkqubo kawonke-wonke. Isibongozo sisixhobo esinamandla sokubonisa uluvo oluphangaleleyo, ukuphakamisa ukuphaphamisa, nokulungiselela isiseko esikhulu senkxaso. Silula, sedemokhrasi, kwaye sikhawulezisa ukunduluka. Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo kusisixhobo sokuphembelela intabalala, ulwakhiwo, ulwakhiwo, nomsebenzi wobugcisa wokubumba umthetho. Sisixhobo esinempumelelo, kwaye sisoloko sigqibele kwicandelo lokugqibela lokumiselwa kwenkqubo. Asikho isixhobo esilungileyo okanye esingalunganga. Ixabiso lazo lixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwindlela ezisetyenziswa ngayo. Izixhobo eziphambili zikhuthaza ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwempucuko ngexa kugcinwa imilinganiselo eqinileyo nokulungayo kwinkqubo yokufumana ulwazi. Kuye, kubameli abaphumelelayo ekukhetheni kwelinye, kodwa xa besebenzisa enye iko.