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Ukuqonda Ubugcisa Bokwazi Abantu Nendima Yabo Kukhuseleko Lwanamhlanje

Ubugcisa bokunconywa buye bavela njengenye yezona zixhobo zitshintshayo kumlo wehlabathi lonke nxamnye nobugrogrisi. Obu bugcisa bunamandla buvumela ukufunyaniswa kwabantu nokusetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo ekuthinteleni imisebenzi yobugrogrisi nokukhusela uluntu ngokubanzi. Njengoko izisongelo zokhuseleko ziqhubeka ziguquka ngobuchule obuntsonkothileyo, oorhulumente kunye namaqumrhu okunyanzelisa imithetho ehlabathini lonke aphethulela phambili inkqubo yebhayoloji ukukhusela abemi babo kunye nezibonelelo.

Ngokutsho kophando lweMarks and Markets, intengiso yolwazi ngobuso ilungele ukufikelela kwii-R2,5 zezigidi zezigidi ngonyaka wama-2025, ngaphezulu ngokuphindwe kabini ukusuka kwi-R3,8 yezigidi zezigidi ngonyaka wama-2020. Olu nyuko lubonisa kungekuphela nje amandla obugcisa akhulayo kodwa nokubaluleka kwawo okubalulekileyo kwiinkqubo zokhuseleko zesizwe. Ukusuka kwizikhululo zenqwelo-moya nakwimida yedolophu ukuya kwiinkqubo zokuhlola kunye neenkqubo zophando, ukuqwalasela ubuso kuye kwaba yinxalenye esisiseko yemichiza yanamhlanje.

Embindini wayo, ubuchule bokuphawula ubuso bumela umtshato ontsonkothileyo wokubona kwekhompyutha, ubukrelekrele, kunye nohlalutyo lwe-biometric. Ubugcisa budibanisa iimpawu zobuso bomntu kwimifanekiso yezibalo ezinokuqhubekeka kwaye zithelekise, ukuhlalutya iimpawu ezingundoqo zobuso ezifana nomgama phakathi kwamehlo omntu, ububanzi bebhulorho yempumlo, ukujikeleza kwemihlathi, kunye nesakhiwo sesarha, kwaye ngoko yenza iisikhokelo ezikhethekileyo zebhanya-bhayoloji ukukhangela i-DICS ukunqumla izigidi zezixhobo zogcino-lwazi. Oku kukwazi ukuqhuba nokufanisa ubuso obufana nesantya esingakaxekwanga sinjalo kutshitshitshitshisi ngendlela abameli bokhuseleko abasondela ngayo kwizisongelo nokuthintela.

Indaleko yobuxhakaxhaka bokwamkelwa

Ukusuka Kukuqala Ukuya Kwinkqubo Ezinamandla Aphaya

Ubugcisa bubuyela emva kwiminyaka yoo 1960 xa umfana ogama linguWoodrow Wilson Bledsoe wafika kuqala ngenkqubo yokuhlela iifoto zobuso esebenzisa icwecwe elikhethekileyo. Ezi nkqubo zamandulo zazizinzile ngokwemigangatho yanamhlanje, zifuna igalelo lezandla kwaye zisebenza phantsi kweemeko ezilawulwa kakhulu. Kwiminyaka engama-70, abantu abakrelekrele basebenzisa iziphawuli ezizii 21 ezikhethekileyo, njengombala weenwele nobubanzi bentsiba, ulwaluvo lobuso oluzenzekelayo, kunye nee-80/90s zabona indlela entsha yokusebenzisa ebizwa ngokuba yi-Eigeniface, eyaba yisiseko senkqubo yanamhlanje.

Umtshintshi womdlalo wokwenene weza ngoo 2000 kunye ne-media yentlalo, njengokuba ngequbuliso kwakukho izigidi zemifanekiso ebhalwe kakubi kwi-intanethi, inika ezi nkqubo isiseko sogcino-lwazi esikhulu ukuba sifundwe yiso. Olu gcino-lwazi luninzi, ludibene nenkqubela kwizifundo zomatshini, yenza ukuba iinkqubo zokwazi ubuso zifumane ucoselelo olwalungacingi ngaphambili. Namhlanje, nge-Al kunye nokufunda okunzulu, iinkqubo zokwazisa ubuso bamashishini zichane kwaye zikhawuleza.

Indlela Iinkqubo Zokwamkelwa Kwale Mihla Ezisebenza Ngayo

Isixokelelwano sokwazi ubuso sangoku sisebenza kwinkqubo yeqonga elikwimilisekondi. Iqonga lokuqala libandakanya ukujongwa kobuso, apho inkqubo ichaza kwaye ifumana ubuso ngaphakathi komfanekiso okanye kwisakhelo sevidiyo. Oku kulandelwa ngolungelelwaniso lobuso, apho inkqubo iqhele ukubeka indawo yobuso, ubungakanani, kunye nembonakalo ukuqinisekisa ukuba uhlalutyo oluthe rhoqo nokuba yi-engile okanye umgama ukusuka kwikhamera.

Okulandelayo kuvela uphawu lokhupho, apho inkqubo ichaza kwaye ilinganisa iimpawu zobuso ezahlukileyo. Ezi milinganiselo ziguqulelwa kumelo lwezibalo olubizwa ngokuba yisikhokelo sobuso okanye utyikityo lwe-biometric. Ekugqibeleni, inkqubo isebenza ngendlela efanayo ngokuthelekisa le template nesikhokelo esigciniweyo kwisiseko sedata, yenza inqaku elibonisa ukulingana okubonisa ukuba kunokwenzeka kwento efanayo.

Iinkqubo zolwaluko lwangoku lobuso zibamba kwaye zihlalutye imifanekiso yabantu kwiimeko ezinzima zeliso kunye nokuhamba. Oku kunokwenzeka kwizicelo zobuphekula, apho abarhanelwayo banokubanjwa ngeliso eliphantsi kweemeko ezikhoyo, kuquka ukukhanyisa okungentle, i-occlusity, okanye kwii-engile ezingqukuva.

Izicelo zeqhinga kwiMisebenzi yeNkqubo yokuXhasa ubuGrobic

Ubuninzi bexesha lokwenene kunye nokufunyaniswa kwesoyikiso

Ubugcisa bokwazisa abantu buphumele njengesixhobo sokuguqula indlela ekuthinteleni ubunqolobi, kunikwa amandla aphambili okuchaza, ukuhlola, kunye nokubamba abantu abanomdla, bejolise ingqalelo kwizicelo ezintathu ezikhethekileyo: ukujonga ixesha lokwenene, ulawulo lwemida, kunye neenkqubo zophando. Kwizithuba zikawonke-wonke ezixineneyo, izikhundla zezithuthi, naphakathi kwezehlo ezinkulu, iinkqubo zokwazisa ubuso zinokuqhubeka zivavanya izihlwe-ntyelo nabasebenzi bokhuseleko abaphaphileyo xa kufunyaniswa umntu onomdla.

I-AI yenza ukuba izilumkiso ezizenzekelayo kunye nokuhlola ukubonakala kwamaqela amakhulu abantu kwisikali kwaye isantya esingenzeki ngaphambili. Oku kusebenza kubaluleke kakhulu ngexesha leziganeko eziphezulu apho izihlwele ezinkulu zihlanganisana khona, njengentlanganiso zezobupolitika, imidlalo, okanye imibhiyozo yenkcubeko. Amaqumrhu okhuseleko ayakwazi ukulungiselela iinkqubo zokwazisa ubuso ukuqwalasela iindawo zokungena kunye nentshukumo yesihlwele, achaza izisongelo ezinokwenzeka ngaphambi kokuba zingene ekuhlaseleni.

Ukhuseleko olwandisiweyo lunika uhlolo oluqhubekayo kwiindawo ezihamba phambili, luchonga abantu abanomdla, kwaye lufumana abantu abalahlekileyo abanobuchule obungakaze bubonwe ngaphambili. Ubuchule bobugcisa bokusebenza ngaphandle kokudinwa buyenza ibe yeyona nto ibalulekileyo efunekayo kubasebenzi bokhuseleko abangabantu, abanokuthi ngoko bajolise ingqalelo yabo ekuphandeni izilumkiso nasekusabeleni kwizisongelo ezinokwenzeka.

Ukhuseleko loMda kunye noLawulo lokuHlakulwa

Ukunqumla imida kunye nezikhululo zenqwelo-moya kumela iindawo ezicinezelayo kwimigudu yokulwa nobuphekula. Ukuba umntu (kuquka umgrogrisi) uza eUnited States evela phesheya, usenokuba udlula kwizibuko lokuhlola abafuduki kwizibuko lokungena, kwaye ngokwendlela ye-otherobithi, le ndawo ithewe yindawo exilongayo apho abanqolobi benokuba sengozini enkulu. Ubugcisa bokuqaphela abantu balapho buye baba sisixhobo esiyimfuneko kwezi ndawo zinzima.

I-FRT zilungiselelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba umntu ohamba ngolawulo lomda ngokwenene ngumntu oboniswe kuxwebhu olwaziwayo (umz., ipassport), kunye ne-Interpol ithumele inkqubo yayo yeProject yokuqala ukunceda amagunya esizwe achaze abanqolobi bangaphandle (FTFs). Ezi nkqubo zingasebenzisa iindwendwe ngokukhawuleza ngexesha elinye zihlola ii-CPS ngokuchasene nabajoli abaziwayo okanye abarhanelwayo, ngokuphawulekayo zinyusa ukhuseleko ngaphandle kokwenza iibhotile ezinkulu zebhotile zabakhweli.

Izixhobo zokusebenza zinokuthintela ubusela bokuzichaza nokurhwaphiliselwa kwabantu ekusetyenzisweni kwamaxwebhu okuhamba, njengendlela yokusebenzisa iminwe yomntu edityaniswe kwixwebhu, njengepassport okanye i-visa, kwikhowudi yebhari, i-chip, okanye umkrolo onozibuthe, nto leyo enokwenza kube nzima ukuba umntu acinge ukuba ungubani. Xa idityaniswe nokuqonda ubuso, le ndlela yokulinganisa i-biometric eninzi ingenza ukhuseleko oluqinileyo nxamnye namaphekulayishwa azama ukungena kumazwe esebenzisa amaxwebhu obuxoki okanye i-IMFS.

IiNkqubo zoPhicotho-zincwadi

Isixokelelwano sobuchule bebhayoloji sinokwaziwa okanye sirhanelwe ngabagrogrisi besebenzisa indlela yokwazi ubuso obuzinzileyo okanye indlela yobuso yobuso obujongene nobuso obuzizinzileyo xa kukho umfanekiso okhoyo womntu orhanelwayo, kwaye oku kuphenjelelwa kumntu okhangela iimpahla okanye isiseko sogcino-lwazi sabagrogrisi abarhanelwayo. Oku kungqine ukuba kuluncedo kakhulu kuphando lwasemva kokuba abanqolobi bebotshiwe, apho amaziko okhuseleko ahlola ukuchonga abahlaziyi kunye nezinxulumani zabo.

Ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo komthetho kukhawulezisa ukukrokra nokucingela ukubonakala kwaloo matyala ngokuhambelana neengxelo ezikhoyo. Endaweni yokuqwalasela ngokulula iiyure zokuhamba nokuthelekisa ubuso nobuso, abaphengululi banokusebenzisa ubuchule bokukhangela ngokukhawuleza ebusweni babo kwiividiyo ezinkulu zokuhlola, bechaza iimkrokro nokulandelela iintshukumo zabo kwiindawo ezininzi namaxesha amaninzi.

Umkhosi wase-U.S. ukwakuqaphele ukubaluleka kokuqwalaselwa kobuso kwimisebenzi yobunqolobi. Umyalelo okhethekileyo wase-U.S. (USSOCOM) ubeka isiseko solwando olubalulekileyo lobuchule bawo bokubonakalisa kunye namandla okusebenzisa, ukuchaza umbono obanzi nobuchule obunentsingiselo ngendlela imikhosi ekhethekileyo eqokelela ngayo, ihlalutya, kwaye isebenzise ugcino-lwazi olunxulumene nobugcisa obukhethekileyo ngexesha lomsebenzi, ifuna ukuqonda kwiindawo ezintlanu eziphambili: ulwamvo lobuso, uchazo lwesithethi kunye nelizwi elidityaniswe ngokupheleleyo lenkqubo ye-Shof Site Explocation, uhlalutyo olukhawulezileyo lweDNA, kunye nomatshini wokufunda i-AIAN, kunye nomatshini.

Iingenelo Ezisebenzayo Ekuthinteleni Ubugrogrisi

Isantya nomlinganiselo wophawu

Enye yezona nzuzo zibalulekileyo zolwazi lobuxhaphazi obusebusweni obuchasene nobunqolobi kukukwazi kwabo ukuqhubekeka nokuhlalutya ubuso ngesantya esingaphaya kwamandla abantu. Ubugcisa obutsha bunike urhulumente amandla amatsha okuzibopha ubugrogrisi obabusaziwa ngaphambili obulungiselela ukuhlasela abemi ukuba urhulumente ufanele ukukhusela, namandla okwenza oku, ukuba uyaphumelela, uya kunceda ekulweni nobugrogrisi, njengokuba ubugcisa bokwazi ubuso buthembisa ukunika urhulumente kanye loo mandla.

Iindlela zomcimbi wokwahlula zixhomekeke kakhulu kwinkumbulo yomntu kunye nothelekiso lwezandla lwemifanekiso, iinkqubo ezazinexesha elifutshane kwaye zityekele kwimpazamo. Igosa lokhuseleko elijonge isikhululo seenqwelo-moya esiphithizelayo lalinokubona inani elisikelwe umda labantu ngexesha elinye, kwaye kwanabona basebenzi banamava bangaphosa ukrokrelo kulwandle lobuso. Ngokuchaseneyo, iinkqubo zokwazisa, zingabona amakhulu okanye amawaka eenjongo, zithelekisa umntu ngamnye ngokuchasene nesiseko sogcino-lwazi ngelixesha lokwenene.

Oku kukwazi kubaluleke kakhulu kwiimeko ezicinezelayo apho isibini ngasinye sibala. Xa abameli bobukrelekrele befumana ulwazi malunga nesoyikiso esisondeleyo, iinkqubo zokwazi ubuso zinokuthunyelwa ngokukhawuleza ukuvavanya iinkqubo zokuhlola izixeko zonke, zisenokufumana iikrokrela kwimizuzu okanye kukwiiyure okanye iintsuku.

Izixhobo zokwandisa ezinyusiweyo

Ngokwazi i-biometric, i-algorithm enzulu yokufunda, kunye nogcino-lwazi olukhulu, ukuchanabeka nokusebenza kakuhle komsebenzi wobuntlola kuyaphuculwa kwaye umsebenzi wokuhlola wesithethe uba ngumlo ophambili nowokuzikhusela. Ubuchule bokoqobo buguqula ukujongwa ukusuka kwisixhobo esisetyenziswa kakhulu ekuphengululeni emva kokusebenza kwezixhobo ezisetyenziswayo ukuphengulula inkqubo esebenzayo enokukhusela uhlaselo ngaphambi kokuba zenzeke.

Ubugcisa bunceda amaziko okhuseleko enze iikhamera ezisebenza njengenkqubo edityanisiweyo kunokuba aphawule amanqaku ahlukeneyo. Xa umntu onomdla ebonwa kwenye indawo, le nkqubo iyakwazi ukulandelela indlela abahamba ngayo kwinethwekhi, inika abasebenzi bokhuseleko ubuchule bexesha elililo ngemisebenzi yabo kunye neembutho zabo. Eli cebo lixabiseke kakhulu ekuqondeni iinkqubo zabanqolobi nasekuchazeni amalungu angaziwayo emibutho egabadelayo.

Ngaphezu koko, iinkqubo zokwazi ubuso zinokusebenza ngokuqhubekayo ngaphandle kokusikelwa ingqalelo nokudinwa ngabantu. Ngoxa abasebenzi besenokuphoswa ziinkcukacha ezibubukhali ngexesha elide okanye ixesha elifutshane lomsebenzi, iinkqubo ezisebenzisa imoto zihlala zilumkile, ziqinisekisa ukuba akukho sisongelo singabonakaliyo.

IsiphumoSomfanekiso

Ubukho benkqubo yokwazi ubuso bungasebenza njengesixhobo esinamandla sokuthintela imisebenzi yabanqolobi. Xa abahlaseli besazi ukuba ubuso babo buza kuthinjwa buphandwe buze buqwalaselwe zinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo ze-biomic, bajongene nomngcipheko ophezulu wokubonwa nokuxhalaba. Oku kungaziphazamisa iinkqubo zokuceba, ukunyanzelisa abanqolobi ukuba basebenzise iindlela ezingasebenzi kakuhle, okanye baphembelele ngokupheleleyo iintlaselo.

Isiphumo sokunqanda sidlulela ngaphaya kwesoyikiso esikhawulezileyo sokwaziwa. Iinkqubo zolwazi lobuso zidala ingxelo esisigxina yamanani enokuhlalutyiswa emva kwexesha elide emva kwesiganeko esithile. Oku kuthetha ukuba nokuba abagrogrisi banokukwazi ukuphepha ukubhaqwa ngokukhawuleza, bashiya ubungqina obunokusetyenziswa ukuchaza iintshukumo zabo kamva, kwaye batyhile ii-mfamastiki zabo. Oku kuphendula kwexesha elide kongezelela omnye umaleko womngcipheko amagrogrisi amele awuqwalasele xa eceba imisebenzi.

Uqikelelo lwecebo

Ubugcisa bokuqwalaselwa kobuso buvumela amaziko okhuseleko aphucule ubuchule bawo obulinganiselweyo bemisebenzi yokuziqhelanisa nokuqwalasela ubuchule babantu apho bufuneka khona. Endaweni yokunika abasebenzi ukuba babonise ukujongwa ngezandla okanye bahlole amaxwebhu ekunqumleni imida, amasebe anokuthumela iinkqubo zokwazi ubuso ukusingatha le misebenzi ngoxa abasebenzi abangabantu bejolise ekuphandeni izilumkiso, ekuqhubeni udliwano-ndlebe, nasekwenzeni izigqibo ezibukhali.

Olu lungiso lubaluleke kakhulu lunikwe umlinganiselo wokhuseleko lwangoku. Xa izigidi zabahambi zidlula kwizikhululo zenqwelo-moya imihla ngemihla kunye neeyure ezininzi zokuhlola eziveliswe kwimimandla yedolophana, bekungayi kuba nzima ukuqwalasela yonke le nkcazelo ngezandla. Iinkqubo zolwazi zobuso ziyakwazi ukuqwalasela lo mlinganiselo mkhulu wogcino-lwazi ngokuzenzekelayo, zihlisa kuphela iqhezu elincinci elifuna ingqalelo yabantu.

Ucelomngeni Oluqatha Neengxaki Zobuchule

Ucoselelo Nezinto Eziphosakeleyo

Nangona kukho inkqubela ebalulekileyo kwezobugcisa bokuqaphela ubuso, ukuchana kuseyinto ebalulekileyo, ingakumbi ekusetyenzisweni kwezenzo zobuphekula apho iziphumo zempazamo zinokuba zinzima khona. Indlela yokwazi ubuso idityanisiwe kukungafezeki kobugcisa nobuthathaka, kodwa isenokusetyenziswa ngokunempumelelo ukuthoba ubuthathaka bayo. Ukuqonda ezi zinto kubalulekile ekusebenziseni ubugcisa kakuhle nangempumelelo.

Nangona abantu ngokuqhelekileyo benokwenza iinkqubo zokwazi ubuso kakuhle, le misebenzi iselucelomngeni kakhulu kwiinkqubo zobugcisa, ngaphandle kokuba umfanekiso ubanjiwe phantsi kweemeko ezilawulwa kakhulu, le nkqubo isenokuba nobunzima bokwazi umntu okanye ukufumanisa ubuso bakhe efotoni, yaye inkqubo isebenza kakuhle xa izinto ezikubume bemeko enjengeengile yekhamera, ukukhanya, imbonakalo yobuso nabanye, zilawulwa ukusa kumlinganiselo ophakamileyo onokwenzeka.

Iziqinisekiso zobuxoki − kwaye xa le nkqubo ichaza ngokungalunganga umntu onomdla, --acel'ucelomngeni oluthile kwimeko echasene nobugrogrisi. Abo ubugcisa obungasebenziyo ngokukuko abazukwazi ukuqinisekiswa yiFRTs", ukukrokra okungaqiniswayo kunye nokukhokelwa ngokwezinye iindlela zokhuseleko, kwaye ngokubhekele phaya, baza kubizwa kakubi ngakumbi, nto leyo enokubabangela bacingelwe njengomgrogrisi okanye esinye isigebenga esinzulu. Ubeko olungeyo lungakhokelela kubantu abamsulwa abavalelwe, okanye bancinwe, okanye bafumaneke kwimigaqo yokhuseleko eninzi, kunye neziphumo ezibalulekileyo zobuqu.

I-NIST isandul'ukuphumeza uvavanyo lwesikali esikhulu esijoliswe ekuboneni ucalucalulo kwi-FRT, ngogxininiso olukhethekileyo kumlinganiselo ochaphazelekayo wobuxoki – i, ubuninzi obuthi ngemithetho-manani iwenze angabi luncedo umfanekiso womntu omnye, kwaye iziphumo zibonise ukuba "ukwahlula amanani amanani aluncedo asoloko ehluka-tshintsha ngokomlinganiselo we 10 ukuya ngaphaya kwekhulu izihlandlo, kuxhomekeke ekusetyenzisweni kolu hlobo lwemithetho-algorithsi. Olu tshintsho lwempazamo lubalasekwezinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ezibalasemgangathweni kunye nokusebenza kobuchule bokwazisa ubuso phambi kokuba ubuchule bokwazisa imbonakalo yobuso buthathe izicelo zokhuseleko oluphezulu.

I-Demographic Bias kunye ne-Dalgalic Fairness

Olunye ucelomngeni olunzulu olujongene nolwazi lobuxhakaxhaka bobuxhaka bobukho beendidi zabantu, lutyekele ekusebenziseni iinkqubo ezithengisekayo kumaqela athile abemi. Iinkqubo ezintathu ezikhutshwa ngorhwebo kwinkampani ezinkulu zobugcisa zibonisa ukuba ziluhlobo lolusu nolwesini, kwaye kuvavanyo lwabaphandi, iimpazamo ezintathu kwinani lokufumanisa ubudoda bamadoda axhwalekileyo akhaphukileyo azizange zibe mandundu kune-0.8 ekhulwini, kodwa kumabhinqa atyhafileyo, ngoko ke, ipesenti yempazamo ibhantiweyo — ngaphezu kwama-20 ekhulwini kwimeko enye nangaphezulu kwama-3 ekhulwini kwezinye ezimbini.

Imposiso yamadoda ahlinzekileyo ingu 0.8%, xa kuthelekiswa no-3,7% yamabhinqa ahlinzekileyo amnyama, ngokutsho kofundo lwangonyaka wama-2018 oluthi "iGenendershaws" nguJoy Buolamwin noTimnit Gebru, epapashwe ngu MIT Media Lab. Oku kungabi naluphazamiso kwimilinganiselo echanekileyo kunyusa inkxalabo enzulu malunga nobulungisa kunye nokuphathwa ngohlobo olulinganayo phantsi komthetho xa uluvo lobuso lusetyenziswa kukhuseleko kunye nomthetho.

Isandi solusu ngokuphawulekayo sichaphazela ubuchule bokomeleza, ngeziva zolusu olukhaphukhaphu ngokuqhubekayo ngaphandle kwezandi eziphakathi ezimnyama. Uphando lufumanise ukuba abantu abakwimeko yobuntu bafumana ubuchule obungcono kunobufazi, obubangelwa kukugoba kwenwele ezinde kunye nokutshintsha kwembonakalo yobuso ngenxa yokuthambisa.

NgoAgasti 2023, ibhinqa elimnyama lamangalela iSebe lamapolisa aseDetroit emva kokuba libanjiwe ngamapolisa esebenzisa i-software yolwaluko lobuso engenziwanga kakuhle, kwaye le ngxaki ixhaphakile kwi-software yolwaluko lobuso, ethanda ukuvelisa umlinganiselo ophezulu wezinto ezintle ezingezoza-bubuxoki kubantu abangemhlophe. Iziganeko ezinjalo zibonisa iziphumo zokwenene zeli hlabathi zotyekelo lwemithetho-algorithm kwaye zigxininisa imfuneko engxamisekileyo yeenkqubo zokuqwalaselwa ngokungenakulinganiswa nanto.

I-Nist ifumene iziphumo ezigqwethekileyo ngakumbi xa kufikelelwa kwiMpuma Asia, kwiMelika yamaNantinenti, kumaMelika, kumaIndiya, kwiAlaska, nakwiZiqithi zePasifiki. Ukusasazeka kolu calucalulo kumaqela amaninzi amanani abantu kucebisa ukuba le ngxaki ixhomekeke kwindlela yokuziphatha kunokuba ingabi yeyodwa kwimibutho ethile yabemi okanye imigaqo-mthetho.

Oonobangela Abayintloko Bebhas

Ubugcisa bokuphawula abantu buye benza inkqubela enkulu ngokuchanekileyo ngenxa yobuntlola obungalinganiyo (AI) obuqeqeshwe ngemifanekiso eqingqiweyo engobuso ephezulu, kodwa ezi nkcazelo zidla ngokungalinganiyo ngokobuhlanga, ubufanasini, nezinye iindidi zamanani, zibangela iinkqubo zokugqalwa kobuso ukuba zenze umonakalo ombi ngakumbi kumaqela angaphantsi kwamanani amanani abantu xa zithelekiswa namaqela akwindawo yoqeqesho.

Ingxaki yocalucalulo isuka kwimithombo emininzi. Iinkcukacha zembali ezisetyenziselwa ukuqeqesha ii-algorithm zobuso zibonise kakhulu ubuso bamadoda amhlophe, zibonakalisa amanani amanani abaphandi namaziko awawadalayo. Xa ii-algorithm zifunda ukuqaphela ubuso ngokuyintloko kule nkcazelo ilinganiselweyo, ngokwemvelo zisebenza bhetele ebusweni obufanayo kwaye zizama ukulwa nobuso obahluke kakhulu kugcino-lwazi lwazo.

Abaninzi bathi uninzi lwale miba lubangelwa yimiba engalinganiyo. Noko ke, ingxaki idlulela ngapha nangapha ngaphandle komelo olulula. Kwanaxa i data iquka ubuso obahlukeneyo, ezinye izinto ezifana neemeko zokukhanya, ubunjani bekhamera, kunye nesigqibo somfanekiso wemifanekiso zingabuchaphazela ngokungenakuthelekiswa nanto ubunjani bemifanekiso kubantu abanezivalo ezimnyama, ezikwahlula ngakumbi iingxaki zocoselelo.

Imigudu Yokuhlasela Iintsholongwane

Abaphandi kunye neenkampani zobugcisa baye babuqonda ubungqingqwa bengxaki yorhwaphilizo kwaye basebenza ngokukhutheleyo kwizisombululo. Ngo-2018, Microsoft yavakalisa ukuba i-FRT yabo ekhoyo ngokuthengiswayo ihlaziywe ukuphucula ukuphucula ukusebenza kwabo ukunqamleza udidi kunye nodidi lwe-screens ngokunyusa iiseti ezisetyenziswayo ekuqeqesheni umatshini kunye nangokuphucula iklasi yomgangatho wobuso ukuze ilungele ucosele ucoselelo, kwaye olu phuculo luphumele, ngokwenkampani, ngokweempazamo eziphinda-20 ka-20 ka-20 zexabiso elisezantsi le-adie-astrueages nangama-9 eempazamo kumabhinqa.

Abaphengululi baqalisa ukuphawula izinto ezintathu eziye zasetyenziswa ngaphambi kokuba ziqeqeshwe ebusweni — iArcpie, iAda Face neElastic Shaspee — kwinkcazelo enkulu nelungeleleneyo engokwenziwa kwezinto abayenzayo, yaye umphumo awuzange unyuse nje kuphela umlinganiselo wokoqobo xa kuthelekiswa nemifanekiso eqeqeshwe kwiinkcazelo ezingalungelelananga, kodwa kwanendlela yokungalingani kwenani labantu, kunye nemizekelo eqeqeshwe kakuhle ebonisa ukululama okuthe ngqo kuwo onke amaqela eentlanga xa ithelekiswa nemifanekiso ekhoyo ebonisa ukungasebenzi kakuhle kweqela elincinane.

Kwi-data ebekwe phantsi, ucoselelo lwaphuculwa ukusuka ku-9.5.8% ukuya ku-96.47%, ngeli xesha iqondo le-Bias (DoB) lancitshiswa ukusuka ku-3.86 ukuya ku-1.16, imela unciphiso lwama-70%, kwaye ngokuphawulekayo, impumelelo ebalulekileyo yomsebenzi yaphawulwa kumaqela angaphantsi kokwazekwa, njengokuphucula kucoselelo lwamantokazi amnyama ukusuka kuma-80.2% ukuya kuma-90%, ngexa kugcinwa umsebenzi onamandla kumaqela asele echaziwe.

Uthungelwano lwe-afversarial (DebFace), lusebenzisa umfanekiso-to-feature dern, ezine iindidi zophawu lodidi, iklasi yolwabeko, kunye nophawu lwentsebenziswano lwe-agcono, kunye nolwezidifiers/gender, ubudala, udidi, kunye nophawu olutshintshayo olunokuvela kwiimpawu zolwazi, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwa ukusebenza okungaphaya kwamaqela akhoyo. Ezi zintshaliso zokwakha zibonisa ukuba umba obalulekileyo ubuchule bokuyila, nangona umsebenzi obalulekileyo uqhubeka uzalisekisa ezi zicombululo kuzo zonke iinkqubo ezisetyenzisiweyo.

Inkxalabo Yasese Nenkululeko Yamakhaya

Ingxowa-mali eninzi namalungelo emfihlo

Inkoliso yazo zonke izinto ezinamandla zinecala elibi, kwaye i-FRT ayihlukile, njengoko iphakamisa imibandela enzulu nenkxalabo enzulu ngokuphathelele ukuzimela wedwa, imilinganiselo yokuziphatha, kunye nempembelelo yoluntu jikelele. Ukusetyenziswa kobugcisa bokuphawula ubuso kwiinjongo zobuphekula kubangele impikiswano enzulu ngokulungelelana phakathi kokhuseleko nemfihlo, yaye abagxeki baphikisa ngelithi ukujongwa okusasazekileyo kusongela inkululeko esisiseko yoluntu.

Imingeni esemthethweni, engokokuziphatha, neyobuqu ekujongweni kwabantu iquka inkxalabo ngokulahlekiswa, ukuqhatha, nokucalucalulo kwisiseko sogcino-lwazi. Ubuchule bokulandelela imibutho yabantu kwimimandla kawonke wonke ngaphandle kolwazi okanye ukuvuma kwabo buphakamisa imibuzo enzulu ngesimo sokuzifihla kwibutho labantu lanamhlanje kunye nemida efanelekileyo yamandla olawulo karhulumente.

Abahlalutyi bakhomba kwiingozi eziphawulekayo zobuqu kunye nokuphazamisana nenkululeko yabemi, ukunyusa inkxalabo ngokuqokelelwa kogcino-lwazi olungagunyaziswanga, ukungavunyelwa, kunye nokunokwenzeka komsebenzi kuhamba-hamba-hamba (kungenxa yoko) apho ugcino-lwazi oluqokelelwe ngenjongo enye lusetyenziselwa injongo engahambelaniyo ngaphandle kolwazi okanye ukuvunyelwa ngumntu. Uloyiko kukuba iinkqubo ezilungiselelwe ekuqaleni ukulwa nolwaphulo-mthetho zinokunwenwa ukuba zijonge abemi abaqhelekileyo ababandakanyeke kwimisebenzi esemthethweni, zidala imeko yokuhlola epholisa ukuvakalisa ngokukhululekileyo kunye nomanyano.

Izizathu ezibekwe phambili zokuvalwa okunjalo zezokuba iiFRT zichaphazele ukucalucalucalulo okusasazekileyo okubangelwa lucalucalulo olusasazekileyo lwenzuzo nomonakalo owenziwe ngokungafaniyo phakathi kwamaqela, urhulumente uya kusebenzisa ngokungenakuphepheka obu bugcisa kwiinjongo ezingekho mthethweni, kwaye ubukho beFRT bupholisa ukuziphatha kwethu (oko kukuthi, kubangela abantu bazicingela phantsi ngenxa yokoyika ukujongwa). Oku kucaphukisa kungenza ukuba abantu bangabi nanxaxheba kwedemokhrasi ngokungafuni ukuya kwimibhiyo, iintlanganiso zezobupolitika, okanye ezinye iimbutho zikawonke apho benokubonwa kwaye bafunyaniswe khona.

Iimpendulo Nemiqathango

Ngo-2019, iSan Francisco yaba sisixeko sokuqala e-U.S. esavala ubuchule bokuqwalaselwa kobuso (FRT), ingakumbi ukusetyenziswa kwamapolisa namanye amasebe, kwaye ukususela ngoko, ezinye izixeko ezininzi zaseMelika ziye zasebenzisa izithintelo ezifanayo zeFRT, kunye nabaphathi besixeko saseBoston bachaza ngokucacileyo imbambano enye: ubuqhetseba bobugcisa. Oku kuthintela ukukhula kwenkxalabo yoluntu ngamathuba obugcisa okuxhatshazwa nokuxhatshazwa kwaso kunye neengxaki eziboniswayo ngokuchananisa nokusesikweni.

Noko ke, ezi zixelo zasekuhlaleni azikhange zithintele amaqumrhu karhulumente namanye amazwe amaninzi ukuba aqhubeke eqashelwa ngobuso ukuze akhuseleke, nto leyo eyenze kwanemithetho eyahlukileyo ngokwendawo.

I-European Union iye yasebenzisa indlela ebanzi, ngokusebenzisa ubugcisa bokuphawula ubuso ngenxa yokuqhatha ngoxolo inyusa ubungozi bobuntlola kunye neziphumo zokhuseleko lwamalungelo abantu. Abalawuli baseYurophu baye bacebisa ukuba kuthintelwe ukusetyenziswa kolwazi olungqongqo lwembonakalo kwiindawo zikawonke wonke, kunye nezinye ezikhuthaza ukuvalwa komsebenzi ngaphandle kweemeko ezichanekileyo ezibandakanya ulwaphulo-mthetho olunzulu okanye izisongelo ezisemnyango.

Ukulungelelanisa Unqabiseko Nenkululeko

Kuyinto ephambili ukuba ukuba urhulumente unokusebenzisa obu bugcisa ukwandisa amandla awo okulwa nobugrogrisi, eli gunya linyanzelwa kangangokuba ukuxhatshazwa nokubanda akubikho, kwaye urhulumente kufuneka enze imiqathango evumela iiFRT ukuba zisetyenziswe kwiindawo apho abantu bangenazo (ngapha koko abamele) bakhangeleke bebodwa (umz., iinqwelo-moya, imida).

Iikhamera ezixhotyiswe ngeFRT kufuneka ziphawulwe ukuqinisekisa uluntu ukuba azisoloko zikho kwiindawo ezifanele zilindele ukuba zihlale zizimele, kwaye iiFRT kufuneka zithintelwe ekufumaneni izaphuli-mthetho ezinzulu (umz., abanqolobi). Ezi zithintelo zicetyisiweyo zimela imigudu yokulondoloza iingenelo zokhuseleko zokwaziwa kobuso ngoxa zithintela amathuba azo okuxhatshazwa nokukhuselwa kwenkululeko yasekuhlaleni.

I-FRT imela isixhobo esinamandla kwizixhobo zobuphekula, ukunceda amanyathelo okhuseleko ebengafumaneki ngaphambili, kodwa bubugcisa obufuna ukulungelelana okugqithisileyo phakathi kweengenelo zayo ezicacileyo kunye neengqwalasela ezibalulekileyo zokuziphatha ekunxulumene nazo, kwaye okwangoku, kusenokuba kunokwenzeka ukuba umlinganiselo uxhaswe kakhulu ekuthandeni iingenelo ezicacileyo zeFRT yaye ungabi nakukhetha okusesikweni, ubuqu, kunye nengqibelelo ekufuneka ikhokele ekuhlaleni kwayo.

Imisebenzi yesakhelo esemthethweni neyobunkokeli

Ukuqwalaselwa kwamalungelo abantu okungathathi-nxaxheba

Iinkqubo ezisetyenziswa ngumthetho ekuphawuleni ulwaphulo-mthetho olurhanelayo zikhohlakele kakhulu kwimifanekiso yobuso ebonisa iindidi zolusu ezimnyama kunye namabhinqa xa zithelekiswa nemifanekiso yobuso ebonisa amadoda aseCaucasia, kwaye olu tyekelo lungakhokelela kubemi abaphandwa ngokuphosakeleyo ngamapolisa kunye nemigaqo yobuhlanga namadoda, kunye nokusetyenziswa komthetho wokusetyenziswa kwe-FRT ejongene nemfuno esesikweni yokuba urhulumente aphathe bonke abemi ngokulinganayo phambi komthetho.

Igalelo elilinganayo lokukhusela lomgaqo-siseko omninzi lifuna ukuba izenzo zikarhulumente zingacalucalucalulo ngenxa yohlanga, ubufanasini, okanye ezinye iimpawu ezikhuselekileyo. Xa iinkqubo zokwazisa ubuso zibonisa ikhethe elicwangcisiweyo ngokuchasene namaqela athile asekuhlaleni, ukusetyenziswa kwawo ngamasebe karhulumente kusenokungaluthobeli olu khuselo lusemthethweni. Oku kudala ingxaki esemthethweni: ngoxa ubugcisa bungakhulisa ukhuseleko, ukusebenza kwabo okunekhethe-cawa kusenokunikezela ekusebenziseni kwabo ukungamelani okanye ukwaphulwa komthetho wamalungelo abantu.

Izazinzulu zekhompyutha ziye zavakalisa inkxalabo ngokusetyenziswa komthetho wokusebenza kweFRT ukuchaza abarhanela ulwaphulo-mthetho, ziphawula ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba isoftware enjalo isetyenziselwa ukuchaza abakrokreleki, yaye ngaloo ndlela, impazamo kwisiphumo solwazi lwemithetho esetyenziswa njengegalelo lemisebenzi ethile inokuba nemiphumo enzulu, njengoko umntu enokuthi ngokuphosakeleyo atyholwe ngolwaphulo-mthetho olusekelwe kwimpazamo kodwa eqinisekileyo ukuba ukwenziwa kweso sigebenga elikucingayo kuvavanyo lokhuseleko lweminxeba.

Ukucaca kwengxelo nokuphendula

Incomela ulawulo olomeleleyo, intsebenziswano yezizwe ngezizwe, kunye nokulawula okucacileyo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba ukusetyenziswa kobuchule bokuphawula ubuso bomntu kuyahambelana namalungelo abantu kunye nenkululeko esisiseko. Ukubonakalisa gca ngendlela iinkqubo zokwazisa ubuso ezisebenza ngayo, amazinga azo okuchaneka, kunye nemiqathango yazo iyimfuneko ekuthembeni uluntu kunye nokuziphendulela kolawulo lobudemokhrasi.

Ukuseka imithetho ecacileyo nebanzi enxulumene nokusetyenziswa kobugcisa bokuphawula ubuso, ukulungelelanisa imigangatho yehlabathi kunye nezakhiwo zesizwe ukuqinisekisa ukungaguquguquki, kunye nokugunyazisa uphicotho-zincwadi oluthe rhoqo lwenkqubo yeFRT ukuqinisekisa ukuthobela imigaqo yemigaqo yemigaqo yemigaqo-nkqubo. Uphicotho-zincwadi rhoqo lunganceda ekuboneni iingxaki ngokuchanekileyo okanye ngokunengqiqo ngaphambi kokuba zikhokelele kwiingozi ezinzulu, ngelixesha imigaqo ecacileyo esemthethweni inika ukhokelo kumaziko okhuseleko malunga nokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kobugcisa.

Iingozi akufunekanga zikhokelele ekusetyenzisweni kwe-Al okanye ekunqandweni kwezinye iindawo, kodwa endaweni yoko, kufuneka zifune ukuba oorhulumente basebenze ukuze bafune ukwenziwa okungcono kwezixhobo zabo ze-Al/ML, okuthetha ukufumana ugcino-lwazi olungcono nokuyila ulawulo olunzima olunciphisa umngcipheko nokubhenca iimpazamo kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kwaye indlela yokunceda oku kungokunyanzelisa imilinganiselo ye-IAI echazekayo kunye nemigaqo yokukhanyisa enika oorhulumente ubuchule bokucacisa inyathelo ngalinye elithathwa yinkqubo.

Ukhuseleko logcino-lwazi nokuzigcina

Imeko ayifanele isebenzise iinkampani zesithathu eziphazamisa iimeko ezintathu zokuqala ngexesha lokudalwa okanye lokusetyenziswa kwenkonzo yazo, kwaye iinkampani zesithathu zecandelo azinakukwazi ukufikelela okanye ukufunda ugcino-lwazi olunovakalelo oluqokelelwe ngurhulumente. Ugcino-lwazi lwebhayoloji oluqokelelwe ngenkqubo yokwazi ubuso lunovelwano oluphezulu kwaye lobuqu, lufuna ukhuseleko oluqinileyo ekufikeleleni okungekho mthethweni, ukusetyenziswa kakubi, okanye ukuqhekezwa kogcino-lwazi.

Imibuzo ephathelele ukugcinwa kogcino-lwazi ibaluleke kakhulu. Kufuneka i-data yolwazi ngobuso igcinwe ixesha elingakanani? Ngubani ofanele afumane ulwazi kuyo? Ngaphantsi kwaziphi iimeko ekufuneka yabelwe amanye amasebe okanye amazwe? Le mibuzo ayinazo iimpendulo ezicacileyo kwimimandla emininzi, nto leyo ebangela ukungaqiniseki malunga neziphumo ezithe tye zokusetyenziswa kobuso.

Umngcipheko wokuphulwa kogcino-lwazi ukwabalulekile. Isiseko sogcino-lwazi esiqulethe inkcazelo yolwamkelo ngobuso lwezigidi zabantu singaba lixhoba elinomtsalane kubachukumisi-mthetho, iinkonzo zobukrelekrele bangaphandle, okanye imibutho yolwaphulo-mthetho. Ukuba ezo nkcazelo bezingaxoxwa, beziya kusetyenziselwa ukuba umntu othile, ukuhlasela, okanye ezinye iinjongo ezinobungendawo, ezinokuqhubeka zikho kangangeminyaka okanye amashumi eminyaka.

Imbono Yamazwe Ngamazwe Nokunganeliseki

Imilinganiselo yokufumana abantwana bomntwana behlabathi

Ukugcinwa koMthetho: Ukuqwalaselwa kobukho bomntu ngoku njengeyona nkqubela-phambili yolwazi-lwazi yolawulo olubanzi ehlabathini lonke, enomlinganiselo wokufumana abantwana abangeniswayo, ongaphezulu kakhulu koomgangatho abaphezulu besixeko kunye namanyathelo aphezulu amapolisa asetyenziswayo. Oku kusetyenziswa kolwazi oluninzi kubonisa ukuxabiseka okucingelwayo kokhuseleko kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokulawula ezithatyathwa ngamazwe awahlukeneyo.

Amazwe ajongene nezisongelo zokhuseleko ezahlukeneyo kwaye anemo yesithethe eyahlukileyo ngokuphathelele ukuzimela nokuhlola, nto leyo ekhokelela kumahluko omkhulu kwindlela osetyenziswa ngayo ubuso. Amanye amazwe aye amkela ngehlombe ubugcisa, abusebenzisa kakhulu kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke ngaphandle kwemiqathango encinane. Amanye aye asebenzisa ubulumko, enciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwawo kwiimeko ezithile eziphakamileyo okanye abeka iimfuno zolawulo ezingqongqo.

I-Furl et al. (2002) yafumanisa ukuba iFRT yaphuhliswa yaza yasetyenziswa kumazwe aseNtshona yayichane ngakumbi kwimifanekiso yobuso baseCaucasia, kanti kumazwe aseMpuma Asia, i-FRT algorithm zazichane ngakumbi kwimifanekiso ye-Mpuma Asia. Oku kufumana kubalaselisa ukubaluleka kwesixokelelwano sokuqaphela ubuso esiqeqeshelwe ukuxhasa amaqela ahlukahlukeneyo abantu apho zizakuthunyelwa khona.

Intsebenziswano Nemilinganiselo Yamazwe Ngamazwe

Ubugrogrisi busisisongelo esiya kubangela ukuba kubekho intsebenziswano ephumelelayo kumazwe ngamazwe. Ubugcisa bokubonelela ngobuchule bunganceda le ntsebenziswano ngokunceda amazwe abelane ngenkcazelo eyaziwa okanye erhanelwayo ngabagrogrisi alungelelanise imigudu yawo yokuhlola. Noko ke, lo mqathango wezizwe ngezizwe uphakamisa imibuzo entsonkothileyo ngokuphathelele ukwabelana ngeenkcazelo, ukukhuselwa kobugocigoci, namalungelo abantu.

Amazwe awahlukeneyo anemilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo esemthethweni yokukhusela ukhuseleko lwangasese, ukuva iinkcukacha kunye nenkqubo efanelekileyo. Xa ugcino-lwazi lobuso ludityanisiwe ngaphaya kwemida, lusenokungakhuseleki kakhulu kwilizwe elo lamkelekileyo kunakwilizwe apho luqokelelwe khona. Oku kubangela iingozi zokuba inkcazelo eqokelelwe phantsi kokhuseleko olungqongqo lwemfihlo ingasetyenziswa kakubi ngoorhulumente bangaphandle abanezikhuseli ezibuthathaka.

Imibutho yezizwe ngezizwe enjenge-Interpol iye yaphuhlisa iinkqubo zokwenza ukuba kusetyenziswe i-operate yokulwa ne-othesmu. Ezi nkqubo kufuneka zihambe kwindawo entsonkothileyo engokwasemthethweni neyopolitiki, zilungelelanise iingenelo zokhuseleko zolwazi olunxulumene nenkxalabo yobuqu, amalungelo abantu, kunye nolawulo lwesizwe. Ukuphuhlisa imigangatho kunye nezivumelwano zezizwe ngezizwe zokusebenzisa inkathalo yobuso ekuphikisaneni ne-orthorbit kuhlala kuselucelomngeni oluqhubekayo.

Umgaqo-nkqubo Kawonke-wonke Nokuthemba

Iimeko ezibangela ukuba abantu bamkeleke

Abameli beFRT bagxininisa ukuba unako ukukhusela uluntu, ukukhusela ulwaphulo-mthetho, nokukhusela ubunqolobi, bechaza ukuba i-RT yenza ukuba amaqumrhu omthetho kunye nemibutho yoluntu ikwazi ukuchaza abarhanelwayo nokuthintela ukufumaneka okungekho mthethweni kwiindawo ezikhuselekileyo kunye nezithuba apho kukho izinto ezixabisekileyo okanye abantu abasengozini. Inkxaso kawonke-wonke yolwazi olusebusweni isoloko ixhomekeke kumongo ongqalileyo apho isetyenziswa khona, ngokuyamkelwa kakhulu kwezicelo zokhuseleko kwiindawo ezikumgangatho ophezulu njengezikhululo.

Ukuthemba amaziko aqeqeshiweyo kunguthunywashe obalulekileyo wokwamkelwa kwabantu. Xa abantu bethemba ukuba amaqumrhu okhuseleko aza kusebenzisa ubugcisa ngendlela efanelekileyo nangolawulo olufanelekileyo, banokuvuma ukuba amaziko asebenza kuwo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, xa ukuthembana kusezantsi, ngenxa yokuxhatshazwa kwangaphambili, ukungabi nakukhanya, okanye ukuxhalatyiswa yinkcaso yoluntu.

Ukufumana iFRT ngempumelelo nokusasazeka kuxhomekeke kungekuphela nje kwisantya nokuchanamba kwayo, kodwa nakukholose lukawonke-wonke lwemithetho-siseko yokuba amandla olwazi ngobuso, kwaye elo themba lizakuba nzima ukwakha ngeli lixa imizekelo yekhethe lobuhlanga neziphumo ezizizo ziyaqhubeka zigquma inkqubela-phambili yonyaka-nyaka eyenziwe kucoselelo lwe-software jikelele kunye nokusebenza kwayo.

Ukwakha Intembelo Kuwonke Wonke

Ukuganana kwabantu ngokubanzi ukuze kuxatyiswe inkathazo nokuze kwakhiwe intembelo. Ukuganana noluntu ngomdla kufuna okungaphezulu kunokuxelela nje abantu ngokusetyenziswa kophawu lobuso; kuthetha ukuveza amathuba okuncokola ngobuchule, ubungozi, kunye nemida efanelekileyo.

Ukubonisa ngaphaya kwendlela esebenza ngayo kubalulekile ukuze kwakhiwe intembelo. Amasebe okhuseleko kufuneka anikele ingxelo yocoselelo ekuhleni, kuquka ukuqhekeka kweqela labemi, imilinganiselo echaphazelekayo, kunye nolwazi ngendlela ubugcisa obusetyenziswa ngayo nobongameleyo. Oku kuvumela uluntu ukuba lukwazi ukwenza izigqibo ezizizo zokufumana ukhuseleko ezizingenelo kusini na kwiindleko zokhuseleko nokuba zisetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kusini na.

Ukubonisa ukuphendula xa kuvela iingxaki kukwabalulekile. Xa iinkqubo zokwazisa ubuso zikhokelela ekuvalweni okuphosakeleyo okanye kwezinye iingozi, amaqumrhu kufuneka azivume ezi mpazamo, ahlawulele amaxhoba, aze athabathe amanyathelo acacileyo okuthintela ukuphinda kuphinde kuphinde kuvele. Umgaqo wokuzicingela iingxaki okanye ukuphembelela imbopheleleko uya kuphelisa ukuthembana noluntu nokuchasa ubugcisa.

Inkqubela phambili yexesha elizayo kunye nobugcisa obudityanisiweyo

Inkqubela Ekucoceni Nasekusebenzisekeni

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngezakhiwo ezihambele phambili kunye nokwanda kwenani leemaleko kunye nemigangatho, iFR yemodeli ifumene inkqubela ephawulekayo kubuchule bayo bokufunda umelo oluntsonkothileyo lobuso, kunye nezi zakhiwo zinzulu, ngokufuthi eziquka imilinganiselo engaphezu kwekhulu enee-miriyoni zemilinganiselo eqingqiweyo, zinyuse amandla enkqubo yeFR ukutshintsha iimeko ezicelw'intsokothileyo, okuphumela ekuqwalaseni okuphezulu (ngokunjalo nokuncitshiswa kwekhethelo), kwaye ngokungakumbi, ukufumaneka kogcino-lwazi oluninzi, oluninzi oluninzi, olunento enegalelo ekufundeni iziphumo ezingcono, njengoko eziquka ukutshintsha okuninzi nokutshintsha okunjengoko kuveza, ukukhazinziswa, kunye nentetho (PE), indinceda ukuba ndiphuculwe ekuphuculeni nokulunga kobulungisa ne-FR.

Inkqubo yokwazi ubuso kwixesha elizayo izakuquka intlobo-ntlobo ezininzi ze-biometric systems, ukudibanisa ulwamkelo lobuso novavanyo lwe-iso, uhlalutyo, ulwazi-magama, nezinye iindlela zobugcisa. Le ndlela ininzi ingenza ucoselelo ngokunqamleza utyikityo oluninzi lwe-biomer, ukunciphisa impembelelo yeempazamo nakweyiphi na inkqubo. Inokwenza kube nzima ngakumbi kubanqolobi ukuba baphephe ukubhaqwa ngokususa okanye batshintshe inkangeleko yabo.

Inkqubela kwinkqubela yobuchule bokuzenzela, ingakumbi kwimfundo enzulu kunye nee-neuroral, iyaqhubeka ityhalela phambili imida yoko kunokwenziwa zinkqubo zokwazi ubuso. Ezi nkqubo ziya zisiba ngcono ekuqondeni ubuso phantsi kweemeko ezinzima, ezifana nokukhanyisa okungephi, ukukhanyisa okungacacisi, okanye ii-engile ezigqithisileyo. Zikwakhawuleza, zisenza uhlalutyo lwexesha lokwenene lwemijelo yevidiyo ephezulu esuka kwiikhamera ezininzi ngaxeshanye.

Uthelekiso nezinye iinkqubo zobuntlola

Ikamva lokuqwalaselwa kobuso obuchasene nobugrogrisi alikho ekuphuculeni ubugcisa ngokwabo, kodwa lixhomekeke ekubudibaniseni nezinye iinkqubo zobukrelekrele nokhuseleko. Xa ubuchule bobuso budityaniswe nohlalutyo lwendlela yokuziphatha, ukwenziwa kwezixhobo zokunxibelelana, ukuhlolwa kwentsebenziswano, kunye nezinye izinto ezibangela ubukrelekrele, buba yinxalenye yenkqubo yokufumanisa ingqwalaselo ebanzi engaphaya kwentlukwano zayo.

Ngokomzekelo, ukugqalwa kobuso kunokwenza umntu onomdla kwisikhululo seenqwelo - moya, kubangele ukuba ahlolisise indlela abahamba ngayo, imali, unxibelelwano nezinxulumani ezaziwayo.

Noko ke, olu manyano lukwadibanisa inkxalabo zobuqu. Inkqubo edibanisa ulwamkelelo lobuso nogcino-lwazi olunzulu olusuka kwezinye imithombo idala amandla okuhlola angenakuthelekiswa nanto anokusetyenziswa ukuqwalasela phantse zonke iinkalo zobomi babantu. Iqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo ezinamandla ezinjalo zisetyenziswa kuphela kwiinjongo zokhuseleko ezisemthethweni kwaye ngolwalathiso olufanelekileyo luza kuba lucelomngeni olubalulekileyo kubenzi benkqubo.

Imilinganiselo Equkumbela Ukulwa Nogqatso Lwezixhobo

Njengokuba ubugcisa bokuphawula ubuso busiya buxhaphaka ngakumbi kwizixhobo ezilwa nobunqolobi, abachasi bakhula imilinganiselo yokuzikhusela ukuze babhaqwa. Ezi ndlela zisuka kubuchule obulula njengokunxiba amasigqubuthelo okanye izibuko zelanga ukuya kwiindlela ezintsonkothileyo ezifana nezokuthambisa i-algorithm yobuso okanye ukusetyenziswa kobugcisa obunzulu ukuvelisa i-SCM.

Oku kudala ukhuphiswano lwezixhobo zobugcisa oluqhubekayo, namaqumrhu okhuseleko asebenza ukuphucula iinkqubo zokwazisa ubuso ngeli xesha abagrogrisi nabanye abatshaba bevelisa iindlela ezintsha zokoyisa. Ukusebenza kolwazi ngobuso obuchasene nobunqolobi kuza kuxhomekeka hayi kumandla obugcisa obungokwemvelo kuphela, kodwa kukulungele kangakanani ukuqhelanisa nobuchule bokuphepha obungacaciyo.

Bambi abaphandi bazama iindlela zokwenza iinkqubo zokwazi ubuso zomelele ngakumbi nxamnye nemilinganiselo yokulwa, njengokusebenzisa i-infrared fig ukuchonga ubuso xa bugqunywe kancinane, okanye ukuhlalutya igait kunye nolwimi lomzimba ukongezelela kwimbonakalo yobuso. Abanye bavelisa iinkqubo zokubona izinto ezinokukwazi ukwahlula phakathi kobuso bokwenene nemifanekiso, amasigqubuthelo, okanye imiboniso yevidiyo, ukuthintela ukuhlasela.

Uqheliselo noncomo olungcono

Imigangatho yobuchule kunye novavanyo

Uvavanyo oluqhubekayo lwe-NIST lobuSongi be-Accounting (FRVT) luvavanye imigangatho yolwazi ngobuso engaphezu kwama-400 ukususela ngo-2017, inika ukuqonda kwireyithingi yocoselelo jikelele yabo bonke abaphuhlisi abathabatha inxaxheba. Omeleleyo, ozimeleyo uvavanyo lweenkqubo zokwazi ukuqaphela ubuso phambi kokuba kusetyenziswe kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba bahlangabezana nemigangatho encinci ukwenzela ucoselelo nokusesikweni.

Uvavanyo kufuneka luquke uvavanyo kumaqela ahlukahlukeneyo amanani abantu ukufumanisa nokulinganisela naluphi na ucalucalulo olukwinkqubo. Iinkqubo ezibonisa imigangatho engamkelekanga yekhethe akufunekanga isetyenziswe de ezi ngxaki zilungiswe. Uvavanyo kufuneka luvavanye ukusebenza phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo zokusebenza, hayi kuphela kwimeko ezilawulwayo zelebhu.

Uhlolo oluqhubekayo kunye nohlolo lwasemva kokuthunyelwa lubalulekile ngokufanayo. Umsebenzi wenkqubo ungathob'asebudeni bexesha njenge-algorithm okanye njengoko abantu bejongwa. Uphicotho-zincwadi oluthe rhoqo lungabona iingxaki ezivelayo kwaye luqinisekise ukuba iinkqubo ziyaqhubeka zifikelela imigangatho yokusebenza kubo bonke ubomi babo.

Imigca yesikhokelo esebenza kakuhle

Amaziko okhuseleko azisa ulwamkelelo lobuso oluchasene nobunqolobi kufuneka amisele imigaqo ecacileyo ecacileyo esebenzayo echaza ixesha nendlela obunokusetyenziswa ngayo ubugcisa. Ezi migaqo kufuneka ziphendule imibuzo enjengethi: Luluphi umgangatho wokuzithembana ofunekayo ngaphambi kokuba uthathe inyathelo? Luluphi uqinisekiso olongezelelekileyo olufunekayo phambi kokuba ubambe umntu othe wajongana nobuso bakhe? Inkqubo kufuneka isetyenziswe njani ngokunxulumene nomgwebo womntu?

Abantu okanye imithetho-manani ayinyaniseki, kwaye ubuthathaka obufanayo bomgwebo womntu bungachaphazela ukusetyenziswa kobuchule bokuphawula ubuso, njengoko abantu benokuthemba iziphumo ze-algorithm ```ingcinga ukuba kufuneka ifane"" kunendlela abagqiba ngayo ukuba imifanekiso emibini iyafana na, nangona iphantsi okanye ingachananga kubugcisa. Uqeqesho lwabasebenzi abasebenzisa iinkqubo zokwazi ubuso kufuneka lugxininise ukuba ubugcisa busisixhobo sokunceda ekwenzeni izigqibo zabantu, hayi ukutshintsha umgwebo womntu.

Abasebenzi kufuneka baqeqeshelwe ukuqonda imiqathango yenkqubo, kuquka amandla ayo okukhetha kunye neempahla zobuxoki. Kufuneka bakhuthazwe ukuba basebenzise umgwebo ozimeleyo kwaye bangaxhomekeki kuphela kwiziphumo zemithetho-siseko, ingakumbi xa iziphumo zempazamo zinzima. Imithetho ecacileyo kufuneka ichaze ukuba luluphi uphengululo olongezelelweyo okanye uqinisekiso olufunekayo phambi kokuba benze isenzo esisekelwe kungqinelano lobuso.

Ubuchule bokulawula nobokuphendula

Iinkqubo zolawulo ezilulo olululo zibalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba ubugcisa bokuqwalaselwa kobuso busetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ukuxhatshazwa kubonakaliswe kwaye kulungiswe. Olu lwalathiso lufanele luquke iinkqubo zangaphakathi ezikwisebe lokhuseleko kunye nongamelo lwangaphandle lwemizimba ezimeleyo enjengeekhomishini ze-injini zolawulo, iikomiti zowiso-mthetho, okanye ukuhlolisiswa kwezomthetho.

Izicelo kufuneka zigcine amaxwebhu achaza indlela ezisetyenziswa ngayo iinkqubo zokwazisa ubuso, kuquka oko kuphengululwayo, abaqhubayo, kunye neziphumo zezenzo. Ezi zibonda kufuneka zibekwe phantsi kophicotho-zincwadi oluthe rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuthobelana nemigaqo kunye nokuchonga naziphi na iindlela zokusetyenziswa kakubi. Xa kufunyaniswa iingxaki, kufuneka kubekho iindlela zokuziphendulela ezicacileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba amaqela ajongene neziphumo ezifanelekileyo.

Amaqumrhu olawulo lwangaphandle kufuneka abe negunya kunye noovimba bokwenza uhlolo olunentsingiselo lweenkqubo zolwaluko lobuso. Oku kuquka ukufikelela kulwazi lobugcisa ngendlela iinkqubo zokusebenza, ugcino-lwazi, kunye neelogo ezisebenzayo.

Iinkqubo ze Kasethi kunye neZokwenyani

Ukuphumeza isikhululo seenqwelo-moya nokhuseleko lomda

Iinqwelo-moya kunye nokunqumla imida bekuphakathi kwabaxhasi bokuqala nabona baninzi bolwazi lobuxhakaxhaka bobuso ukwenzela iinjongo zokulwa nobunqolobi. Ezi ndawo zilawulwayo zinika iingenelo ezininzi zophawulo lobuso: abahambi mabagqithe kwiindawo ezicwangcisiweyo zokuhlola, ukukhanya kunye nee-engile zekhamera zinokwenziwa zibenobuchule obucacileyo bokuzichaza.

Amazwe amaninzi aye abonakalisa ukugqalwa kobuso kwiindawo zokuhlola abafuduki ukuqinisekisa ukuba abakhenkethi bahambisana neefoto zabo zokundwendwela nokukhangela kwii-spooms nokukhangela abajongi bee-odoli abaziwayo okanye abarhanelwayo. Ezi nkqubo ziye zavelisa izigidi zabahambi, kunye nezinye iinqwelo-moya ezichaza ukuba ukunconywa kobuso kuye kwabenza bakwazi ukubona abantu abazama ukuhamba kumaxwebhu okukhohlisa okanye ukusebenzisa i-SCPM.

Ubugcisa bukwasetyenziselwa ukulungiselela abahambi abathembekileyo ngeenkqubo ezivumela abantu abanokuxilongwa ngaphambi kokuba basebenzise amasango azimeleyo ukuze baqinisekise ukuba bazini ngokwazi ubuso. Oku kusetyenziswa okubini kusetyenziswa `ukukhusela nokunceda uluntu qha qha kukwamkelwa kobugcisa kwisikhululo seenqwelo-moya.

Iinethwekhi zokhuthuzo lwasedolophini

Ezinye izixeko zithumele iikhamera ezinamakhono okubona ubuso ukuqwalasela iindawo zokhuseleko. Ezi nkqubo ziyakwazi ukulandelela intshukumo yabantu abaqengqeleke kuzo zonke isixeko, zikwazi ukuchaza abanqolobi abajonge amaxhoba okanye abaququzeleli abanokudibana nabo.

Noko ke, iinkqubo zokuhlola ezisedolophini zibangele impikiswano ephawulekayo ngenxa yokuba zinokuba nethuba lokuhlola ubuninzi babemi abaqhelekileyo. Abahlalutyi bathi ezi nkqubo zidala impembelelo eqhiphukayo kwimbonakalo yenkululeko kunye nonxulumano, njengoko abantu benokuphepha iindawo ezithile okanye imisebenzi ethile ukuba bazi ukuba ziyagcinwa. Ukulungelelana phakathi kweengenelo zokhuseleko neendleko zobuqu kunzima kakhulu ukuhlasela kwezi zicelo.

Amanye amagunya aye azama ukusingatha ezi zinto ngokulinganisela ukusetyenziswa kophawulo lobuso kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke ngokweemeko ezithile, ezinjengokuphengulula ulwaphulo-mthetho olunzulu okanye ukusabela kwizisongelo ezisemnyango. Amanye aye afuna ukuba iikhamera ziphawulwe ngokucacileyo kwaye uluntu luyaziswe ukuba luphi ulwamkelo lobuso oluthunyelwayo. Ezi ndlela zizama ukulondoloza iinzuzo ezithile zokhuseleko ngeli lixa zilinganisela ezona zinto ziphazamisayo zobuchopheli-ngqo.

Ukulondoloza Ukhuseleko Nesihlwele Ngezihlo

Iziganeko ezinkulu zikawonke-wonke .ezinje ngeendibano zezobupolitika, iintlanganiso zezizwe ngezizwe, okanye imidlalo emikhulu .

Ezi ndawo zokulwa zexeshana zinika ezinye iinzuzo ngaphezulu kwemijelo yokuhlola esisigxina. Zilinganiselwe ngexesha nakumda, zijoliswe kwiziganeko ezithile eziphezulu kunokuba zijongwe ngokuqhubekayo kwezithuba zikawonke-wonke. Zingagwetyelwa sisisongelo sokhuseleko esinyusiweyo esinxulumene neziganeko ezinkulu ezitsala izihlwele ezinkulu namaxhoba aphezulu.

Noko ke, izicelo zokhuseleko lwezehlo ziphakamisa inkxalabo, ingakumbi xa ulwamkeleko lobuso lusetyenziselwa ukuqwalasela ukuqhankqalaza kwezobupolitika okanye imiboniso. Ubugcisa bungasetyenziswa ukuchaza nokulandelela abaxhasi bezobupolitika, intetho engobunyani engobugxwayiba yezobupolitika. Imigaqo ecacileyo malunga nokuba kusetyenziswa nini yaye njani ukugqalwa kobuso kwiziganeko zikawonke wonke ibalulekile ekuthinteleni ukuxhatshazwa.

Indlela Ephambili: Ukulungelelanisa Ukhuseleko Namalungelo

Ukuvelisa Imisebenzi Yesakhelo Eluncedo

Ikamva lokuqashelwa kobuso obuchasene nobunqolobi lixhomekeke ekuphuhlisweni kwezixhobo ezivumela ubugcisa ukuba busetyenziswe ngokunempumelelo kwiinjongo zokhuseleko ezifanelekileyo ngeli xesha bukhusela inkululeko yabemi nokuqinisekisa ukuba kuthe tye. Oku kufuna incoko eqhubekayo phakathi kweengcali zokhuseleko, iingcali zobugcisa, abachazi-nkqubo, abaxhasi benkululeko yabemi, kunye noluntu.

Izakhiwo ezinjalo kufuneka zisekelwe kwimigaqo ecacileyo: Ukwazi ubuso kufuneka kusetyenziswe kuphela xa kuyimfuneko kwaye kuhambelana nesisongelo sokhuseleko; kufuneka kusetyenziswe izikhuselo ezifanelekileyo ekuxhatshazweni; kufuneka ibe yenentsingiselo kunye nokuziphendulela; kwaye kufuneka isoloko ivavanywa kwaye iphuculwe ukucombulula iingxaki ngokuchanekileyo nangekhethe.

Imeko eyahlukileyo ingafuna iindlela ezahlukeneyo. Ukusetyenziswa kolwazi lobuso kunqumlo lomda, apho kukho ukhuseleko olucacileyo kunye nokulindela okusikelwe umda kokhuseleko, kungamkeleka ngakumbi kunokusetyenziswa kwayo ekuhloleni okuqhubekayo kwezithuba zikawonke-wonke. Ulwakhiwo olucacileyo lunganika ukhokelo oluchanekileyo olungaphaya kolulo lomlinganiselo omnye wemithetho yonke.

Ukuveliswa kophando nophuhliso

Uhlaziyo lotyalo-mali oluqhubekayo kuphando lokuphucula ubuchule bokuphawula ubuso bubalulekile. Oku akuquki nje ukuphucula ucoselelo nesantya, kodwa kubandakanya ukucombulula iingxaki zocalulo kunye nobulungisa. Isantya kunye neezifundo ezisemgangathweni ezifana ne-NIST ziluncedo ekutyhileni ubuqhetseba obuqhelekileyo kwi-FRT, kwaye njengoko zombini izazinzulu kunye nabasebenzi, oononjineli abaphuhlisa i-FRT basebenza ngokuphucula iziphumo ze-software ezibangela ukuba imifanekiso ebhalwe ngombala omnyama – kunye nokunciphisa umsantsaba we-mgamgatho we-mfatho ongalunganga, kwaye xa i-data kunye neziphumo zibekwa ngokungqongqo, uhlaluko oluncinane, izazinzulu ziyakwazi ukuphucul i-algority kunye nokuthetha ngemba yexesha elizayo.

Kufuneka kuphandwe nezinye iindlela ezinokukhusela ukhuseleko olungcono lobuqu lo gama ulondoloza iingenelo zokhuseleko. Umzekelo, iinkqubo ezihlalutya indlela yokuziphatha okanye ezifumana imilinganiselo yokuziphatha ngaphandle kokuchaza abantu abathile zinokunikela inkcazelo yokhuseleko eluncedo ngokuphazamisana nokungafihli nto kunokuqatshelwa kwakudala.

Uphando oludibanisa iikhompyutha, izazinzulu zezentlalo, imigaqo yokuziphatha, kunye nabaphengululi bomthetho lunokunceda ekuboneni nasekucombululeni iingxaki ezibangelwa bubugcisa obusebusweni. Ukuqonda iinkalo ezinxulumene nobugcisa nje kuphela kodwa nokusebenzisa imigaqo yezentlalo, imilinganiselo yokuziphatha nemithetho yezomthetho kubalulekile ekukhuleni nasekuthumeleni izinto ezimele zihambele phambili.

Intsebenziswano Nemilinganiselo Yamazwe Ngamazwe

Ngenxa yokuba ubugrogrisi bungahlanga, intsebenziswano yezizwe ngezizwe kwimilinganiselo yokwamkela ubuso nezenzo ibalulekile. Amazwe afanele asebenze kunye ukuphuhlisa imilinganiselo efanayo yokuchana, yokusesikweni, nokuzikhusela, ngoxa ehlonela izithethe nemilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo yezithethe nezithethe.

Izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe zingamisela imilinganiselo encinane yenkqubo yokwazisa ubuso esetyenziswa ekulwisaneni nobunqolobi, ziqinisekisa ukuba inkcazelo eyabelwe imida ihlangabezana neemfuno ezisisiseko zokuchana nokuthembeka. Zingamisela nemithetho yokuxhasa ugcino-lwazi olukhusela ukuzifihla kwanamalungelo abantu ngoxa zisenza intsebenziswano ephumelelayo kwiingozi zabanqolobi.

Noko ke, intsebenziswano yezizwe ngezizwe kufuneka ilungelelaniswe nxamnye namaxhala okubangela ukuba urhulumente olawulayo asebenzise ukunconywa kobuso kwingcinezelo yezobupolitika. Amazwe edemocratic kufuneka alumke ngokwabelana ngobugcisa bokuqwalaselwa kobuso okanye ugcino-lwazi noorhulumente abangenazo iinkuselo zomeleleyo zamalungelo abantu kunye nolawulo lomthetho. Imigangatho yezizwe ngezizwe kufuneka iquke izikhuseli zokuthintela ubugcisa ekusetyenzisweni kwiinjongo zobugqwetha.

Isiphelo: Ukutshintsha Indawo Entle

Ubugcisa obutsha bubonisa amandla okulwa nobugrogrisi, bunika amandla okukwazi ukufanisa, ukuhlola nokuphanda okungacingwanga ncam kumashumi ambalwa eminyaka adluleyo. Ubuxhakaxhaka obutsha buye banika urhulumente amandla amatsha okuzingela ubugrogrisi obabusaziwa ngaphambili obulungiselela ukuhlasela abemi ukuba urhulumente ufanele ukuba ukhusele, kwaye amandla okwenza oku, ukuba busebenza ngokuphumelelayo, anceda ekulweni nobugrogrisi.

Noko ke, ubugcisa bukwabangela ucelomngeni olubalulekileyo olunxulumene nocoselelo, ikhethe, ukuzifihla, kunye nenkululeko yabemi. Le ngxaki ixhaphakile kwi-software yolwaluko lobuso, edla ngokuvelisa umlinganiselo ophezulu wezinto ezingeyonyaniso kubantu abangemhlophe, kwaye ngokungafaniyo ne-software yokwazisa ubuso esetyenziselwa ukubamba umntu, i-CT algorithm eqeqeshwe kakubi ingabulala abantu abangekho mthethweni, isenzo esingenakupheliswa. Izithintelo kwizicelo ezichasene nobuphekula, apho iimpazamo zinokukhokelela ekuphathweni ngokuphosakeleyo okanye, ngokuphikisana, ekuthimbeni abantu abayingozi abanokufumana iziphumo.

Indlela engaphambili ifuna ukulungelelanisa ezi zimo zokhuphiswano ngokuqwalasela inkqubo ephuhliswa ngenyameko, ukongamela okunamandla, ukuqhubekeka kobuchule, kunye nengxoxo kawonke-wonke eqhubekayo. Akukho luthintelo lwengubo yokuthintela nakuphi na ukusetyenziswa kobuso kwiinjongo zokhuseleko okanye ukusetyenziswa ngaphandle koqeqesho oluzinzileyo kumela indlela yokufikelela enoxanduva. Endaweni yoko, isiseko somongo esicacileyo esivumela ukusebenzisa okunengenelo ngelixa ukusetyenziswa kakubi kunika ithemba elingcono lokufumana inzuzo yokwazisa ubuso ngexa kukhusela amalungelo angundoqo.

Njengoko ubugcisa buqhubeka buguquka buze bukwazi ukulawula, imfuneko yokuqiqa ingxamisekile. Izigqibo ezenziwa namhlanje ngendlela obenziwe ngayo ubuso, obuthunyelwa ngayo, kunye nolawulo lwawo ziya kusilungelelanisa ukhuseleko nenkululeko kangangeminyaka ezayo. Ingqinela ukuba ezi zigqibo ziziswa ngobungqina, zikhokelwa yimigaqo yokuziphatha, kwaye zixhomekeke kulawulo lolawulo lobudemokhrasi ziyimfuneko ukugcina ukhuseleko nenkululeko kwindawo eyingozi entsonkothileyo.

Ulwazi oluninzi ngobugcisa bokhuseleko lwe-biometric, tyelela i- yesizwe seZiko leMigangatho kunye noBuxhakaxhaka bobuChokopony uvavanyo lobuGcisa bobuKhona. Ukufunda malunga novavanyo lwe-aspecial ubugcisa bokuhlola, uphando lwezibonelelo ezisuka kumgangatho we- I-Explorentic Foundation.