Table of Contents

Ukuthabatha inxaxheba kwinkundla yenkundla yenkundla yephondo kusenokuba yinkqubo entsonkothileyo nesoyikisayo maxa wambi kubemi. Enoba ubandakanyekile njengommangalelwa, ummangalelwa, ubungqina, okanye uzama nje ukuwaqonda amalungelo akho asemthethweni, ukuhambisa inkqubo yenkundla yephondo kufuna ukulungiselela ngenyameko, ulwazi ngeenkqubo, nokuqonda oko kulindelwe yinkundla. Lo mkhokeli ubanzi uya kukwenza uhambe kuyo yonke into oyifunayo ukuze wazi ngokunempumelelo ukuthabatha inxaxheba kwiinkundla zenkundla zenkundla, ukusuka ekubeni nobuchule bokuzinikela ngokuzingcamli enkantolo.

Ukuqonda Inkqubo Yenkundla Yomanyano

Iinkundla zomanyano ziva amatyala olwaphulo-mthetho, okungekho mthethweni, nokuwa, yaye igunya lazo lichazwa ngocoselelo ngamalungiselelo omgaqo-siseko nasemthethweni. Ngokungafaniyo neenkundla zikarhulumente, ezisingatha imicimbi emininzi engokwasemthethweni echaphazela ubomi bemihla ngemihla, iinkundla zelifa lemveli zisebenza phantsi kolawulo olulinganiselweyo kwaye ziphulaphula kuphela iindidi ezithile zamatyala.

Yiyiphi Ityala ElikwiNkundla YamaPhondo?

Ulawulo lweenkundla zelifa lemveli luchazwe ngumGaqo-siseko, imimiselo yequmrhu, nezigqibo zeNkundla ePhakamileyo yaseUnited States. Ukuqonda enoba ityala lakho likwinkundla karhulumente linyathelo lokuqala elibalulekileyo kule nkqubo.

Iwebhsayithi yeNkundla yase-U.S. idwelisa iindidi zemicimbi eziviwa ziinkundla zikarhulumente njengamatyala abandakanya: ubukho bomthetho womgaqo-siseko; imithetho nezivumelwano zeUnited States; ii-ozakuzaku kunye nabalungiseleli bakawonke-wonke; iimpikiswano phakathi kwamazwe amabini okanye amaninzi; umthetho ogunyazisayo; ukuwiswa kwamalungelo omntu; kunye, nembambano yetyala eliyi-habeas corpus. Ngaphezu koko, iinkundla zelifa lesizwe zisingatha amatyala apho urhulumente waseUnited States eliqela, kunye neengxabano ezithile zoluntu phakathi kwabemi bamazwe awahlukeneyo.

Isigqibo sombuzo womanyano

Iinkundla zoManyano zijongene nokutolikwa kwemimiselo, imimiselo, kunye nomGaqo-siseko weUnited States, i-i.e, igunya lorhulumente lombuzo (28 U.S.C Ú 1331). Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba ityala lakho libandakanya ukwaphulwa komthetho worhulumente, amalungelo omgaqo-siseko, okanye imimiselo karhulumente, kusenokwenzeka ukuba lisenkundlani karhulumente kunokuba libe yinkundla karhulumente.

Imizekelo yamatyala karhulumente abandakanya ukwaphulwa kwamalungelo abantu, ukukhuphisana kwamalungelo abantu, imicimbi yerhafu karhulumente, imiba yokufuduka, namatyala abandakanya imimiselo yolwaphulo-mthetho karhulumente. Le mibandela ifuna ukucaciswa nokusetyenziswa komthetho karhulumente, isenza iinkundla zikarhulumente zibe yindawo efanelekileyo.

Ukusetyenziswa Kwamaqela Ahlukahlukeneyo

Ulawulo lwentlalo-ntle yelizwe elinye luvumela ummangalelwa afake ityala kwinkundla yorhulumente xa ummangalelwa ekwimeko eyahlukileyo. Ukuzisa umthetho karhulumente kwinkundla yesizwe, zonke ii-staff kufuneka zibekwe kumazwe ahlukeneyo kunabo bonke abamangalelwa, kwaye "ukubekwa kwimpikiswano" kufuneka ibe ngaphezu kwama-$75,000. Eli lungiselelo liqinisekisa ukuba ngaphandle kwe-stautigens zifumana unikezelo kwi-paratium ye-state xa iimpikiswano zinqamleza imigca yombuso.

Ukwakhiwa KweeNkundla Zomanyano

Inkqubo yenkundla yephondo inemigangatho emithathu engundoqo. Iinkundla eziqhelekileyo zenkqubo yenkundla yephondo lephondo yiNkundla yeSithili yase-U.Le nkundla isingatha amatyala olwaphulo-mthetho nawabemi. Iinkundla zesithili zikwalapho amaqela aqala khona ukufaka izingxengxezo zawo. Zikho iinkundla zesithili ezingama-99 kumazwe alo lonke elaseUnited States, ubuncinane kunye netyala elinye kwiphondo ngalinye.

Lakuba inkundla yesithili igqibile ityala, eli tyala linokubhenela kwinkundla yesibheno yaseUnited States. Eli lizwe lahlulwe laba ziziphaluka ezili-13 ezinomnxeba, nganye ineNkundla yezibheno yayo ehlola izigqibo ezivela kwiinkundla zesithili kummandla wayo wengingqi.

Kwincopho yenkundla yezomthetho elawula ityala kuhlala iNkundla Ephakamileyo yaseUnited States, ehlolisisa amatyala amaninzi ngokusemthethweni yaye isebenza njengommeli wokugqibela womthetho karhulumente nomgaqo - siseko.

Iinkundla Zomanyano Ezikhethekileyo

Ezinye iinkundla zinegunya kwilizwe lonke elinjengerhafu (United States Troxity Court), zityhola urhulumente (Inkundla yeUnited States yeeNkundla zoManyano), kunye norhwebo lwezizwe ngezizwe (iNkundla yeUnited States yeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo yeTrades). Ezi nkundla zikhethekileyo zisingatha imicimbi yobugcisa efuna ubuchule obuthile kunye nokusebenza phantsi kwemithetho yazo ekhethekileyo.

Iintlobo zenkundla yoManyano

Ukuqonda uhlobo lokuqhubekeka obandakanyekileyo kulo kuya kukunceda ulungiselele kakuhle kwaye wazi oko umele ukukulindela kuyo yonke le nkqubo.

Uqhubekeko lwabemi

Ityala loluntu elibandakanya imbambano engokwasemthethweni phakathi kwamaqela amabini okanye angaphezulu. Isenzo soburhulumente siqala xa iqela eliye lixambulisana ngeefayile zetyala lize lihlawule intlawulo. Amatyala amakhaya anokubandakanyeka kwiimpikiswano zombutho, ukungxwelerha, ukucalucalulwa kwemisebenzi, imicimbi yempahla yomntu onegunya, nezinye iintlobo ezininzi zeengxwabangxwaba zomthetho.

Isikhalazo sichaza umonakalo okanye umonakalo wommangalelwa, ichaza indlela abangela ngayo umonakalo, ebonisa ukuba inkundla inegunya, kwaye icela inkundla ukuba imyalele ukuba ihlawule. Ummangali usenokufuna imali yokuhlawula umonakalo, okanye angacela inkundla ukuba ithethe ummangalelwa ukuba ayinqande ihambo ebangela umonakalo. Inkundla isenokuyalela nezinye iintlobo zoncedo, njengesindululo samalungelo asemthethweni omntu ongomnye kwimeko ethile.

Izaphuli - mthetho

Amatyala olwaphulo-mthetho ahlukile kumatyala asekuhlaleni. Ekuqaleni kwetyala lolwaphulo-mthetho lwaseburhulumenteni, abadlali abaphambili yiAttorney (umtshutshisi) yaseUnited States kunye nequmrhu elizukileyo labachopheli-tyala.

Kwityala lolwaphulo-mthetho, umthwalo wobungqina ukwi-rhulumente. Abameli akudingeki ukuba babonise ukuba abanatyala. Endaweni yoko, urhulumente kufuneka anikele ubungqina bokuqinisekisa abachopheli-tyala labamangalelwa. Lo mgaqo usisiseko ukhusela amalungelo abo bamangalelwayo kwaye uqinisekisa ukuba iinkolelo zolwaphulo-mthetho zisekelwe kubungqina obuqinileyo.

Ukuqhubeka Kwemali

Iinkundla zomanyano, ezinegunya lazo elipheleleyo kumatyala okuwa, zinika abantu namashishini isiqalo esitsha xa bengasakwazi ukuhlawula amatyala abo. Imicimbi yeBhanki-bhenti ilandela iinkqubo ezithile zomthetho kwaye ibandakanya ukuphinda kulungiswe okanye kupheliswe amatyala phantsi kolawulo lwenkundla.

Ukulungiselela Ukuba Nenxaxheba Kwinkundla Yomkhosi

Ukulungiselela ngokwaneleyo kubalulekile kuye nabani na oba nenxaxheba kwinkundla yenkundla yelo lizwe. Enoba uzimela wena okanye usebenza negqwetha, uqonda oko umele ukulindele nendlela yokukulungiselela kuya kuwachaphazela ngokuphawulekayo amava akho kunye nemiphumo yetyala lakho.

Ukuqonda Indima Yakho

Indima yakho kwinkundla yenkundla yelifa lesizwe iya kwahluka kuxhomekeka ekubeni ungumbutho wetyala, ingqina, umgwebi, okanye umqwalaseli. Indima nganye ineembopheleleko neemeko ezahlukeneyo. Indima nganye inento ebaluleke kakhulu ebandakanyekileyo, njengoko kufuneka ukuba nenxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo kuzo zonke iinkalo zokupapasha amaxwebhu ukunikela ubungqina neempikiswano.

AmaNgqina abizelwa ukunikela ubungqina ngezibakala ezinxulumene netyala. Ukuba ubizwa njengengqina, unembopheleleko engokwasemthethweni yokuvela nokungqina inyaniso. Abachongi basebenza njengabafumani benyaniso ekuvavanyweni, baphulaphule ubungqina nokugqiba iziphumo ezisekelwe kumthetho njengoko ufundiswe ngumgwebi.

Ukugqiba Ukuba Unokuyifihla Na Iattorney

Esinye sezigqibo ezibalulekileyo oza kuzenza kukuba uzimele (ukulinganisa "u-se") okanye uqeshe igqwetha. Ngelixesha unelungelo lomGaqo-siseko lokuzimela kwinkundla yephondo, ukuntsonkotha kweenkqubo nemithetho yesebe kwenza umelo olusemthethweni lube lucetyiswa kakhulu kwiimeko ezininzi.

Inkundla yamatyala ibandakanya imithetho entsonkothileyo, imilinganiselo engqongqo enzima, imilinganiselo ecacileyo ecacileyo, kunye neempikiswano zomthetho ezintsonkothileyo. Abathathi-nxaxheba bachitha iminyaka befunda le mithetho kwaye bephuhlisa ubuchule obufunekayo ukuze basebenzise inkqubo ngokunempumelelo. Kwanamagqwetha anamava aqesha amanye amagqwetha xa ephakathi ekudibaniseni.

Kuthe ke, bambi abantu bazimela ngokunempumelelo kwinkundla yelifa lemveli, ingakumbi kwimicimbi ecacileyo okanye xa imiqathango yemali ikwenza kungabi nakwenzeka ukuqesha igqwetha. Ukuba ukhetha ukuqhuba iprojekthi, iinkundla zelifa lemveli zisoloko zinikela ubuncwane noncedo, nangona abagwebi nabasebenzi benkundla bengenakunikela icebiso elingokwasemthethweni.

Ukuqokelela Amaxwebhu Nobungqina

Uxwebhu olupheleleyo luchanile kwinkundla yenkundla yelifa lesizwe. Qala ngokuqokelela onke amaxwebhu anxulumene netyala lakho, kuquka izivumelwano, iileta, iifoto, ii-lisithi, iirekhodi zezamayeza, iirekhodi zemisebenzi, okanye naziphi na ezinye izinto ezixhasa isikhundla sakho.

Lungisa amaxwebhu akho ngokolandelelwano lweziganeko zexesha uze wenze imibhalo yenkundla, amaqela aphikisanayo, kunye neerekhodi zakho. Iinkundla zoMasipala zineemfuno ezikhethekileyo zokulungiselela uxwebhu, ukuqokelela, kunye nenkonzo, ngoko ziqhelane nemiqathango yasekuqaleni kule nkqubo.

Ukongezelela kumaxwebhu, qwalasela obunye ubungqina obunokuyixhasa imeko yakho. Oku kusenokuquka izinto ezibonakalayo, ubungqina obungoochule, iingxelo zobungqina, okanye ubungqina bamanani obufana nee-imeyili, imiyalezo, okanye ii-intanethi zonxibelelwano. Khumbula ukuba bonke ubungqina bumele bube luncedo, bunyanisekile, kwaye bungasetyenziswa phantsi kweMithetho yoBulungiseleli.

Ukuqonda Imithetho Yomanyano

Inkundla yamatyala yomanyano ilawulwa yimimiselo emininzi yemithetho elawula indlela amatyala aqhubeka ngayo. Imithetho yoManyano yeNkqutyana yeeNkcubeko ilawula amatyala asekuhlaleni, iMithetho yoManyano yezaphuli-mthetho elawula amatyala olwaphulo-mthetho, iMithetho yoMgaqo-mthetho woBubhaliso ilawula ukuvunywa kobungqina, kunye neMimiselo yoLawulo lwePhondo yePhondo yePrellate Proceda

Inkundla nganye yesithili yephondo ikwanemithetho yayo yasekuhlaleni eyongezela imithetho karhulumente. Le mithetho yasekuhlaleni ithetha ngemicimbi enjengenkqubo yefashoni, imigaqo entle, kunye nocwangciso. Ungayifumana le mithetho kwiwebhsayithi yenkundla okanye ngokutyelela iofisi yoonobhala.

Nangona kungafuneki ukuba ucengceleze wonke umthetho, ukuziqhelanisa neenkqubo ezisisiseko neemfuno kuya kukunceda uphephe iimpazamo ezibiza imali eninzi kunye neempazamo zendalo ezinokukwenzakalisa.

Ukudibana Nemigca Yabafileyo

Iinkundla zomanyano zisebenza ngexesha elingqongqo, kwaye ukuphoswa kwexesha elimiselweyo kunokuba neziphumo ezinzulu, kuquka ukugxothwa kwetyala lakho okanye ukungabikho kwamalungelo abalulekileyo. Xa ufumana umyalelo wenkundla, imiyalelo, okanye olunye uxwebhu olunommiselo ogqityiweyo, yiphawule ngoko nangoko kwikhalenda yakho uze umisele izikhumbuzo kusengaphambili.

Ukuba ulindele ukuba uphumeze ixesha elimiselweyo, ungakwazi ukucela ulwandiso oluvela enkundleni. Noko ke, izicelo ezinjalo kufuneka zenziwe phambi kokuba ixesha lokugqiba ixesha liphele kwaye kufuneka zibonise isizathu esihle solwandiso. Iinkundla ngokuqhelekileyo ziyayekelela kakhulu kumaqela amelweyo kunezinto eziboniswayo, ngoko ukuba uzibonakalisa wena, yenza ukuzimisela ngokukhethekileyo malunga nexesha elimisiweyo lentlanganiso.

Inkqubo Yokufumana

Uphando oluphangaleleyo lubonisa ukuba amatheko athelelana inkcazelo aze afumane ubungqina ngaphambi kokuchotshelwa kwetyala. Ukuqonda le nkqubo yokufumana kuya kukunceda ukuba ube nenxaxheba ngokunempumelelo uze ukhusele amalungelo akho.

Yintoni Efunyanisiweyo?

Kusenokufunyanwa, apho amaligijini kufuneka anikane inkcazelo ngetyala, njengokuma koongqina nemibhalo yawo nawaphi na amaxwebhu anxulumene netyala. Injongo yokufunyanwa kwento kukulungiselela ukuvavanywa ngokufuna ukuba ii-ligigi zihlanganise ubungqina bazo zize zilungiselele ukubiza amangqina.

Ukufumanisa izinto ezithile kuluncedo kwimisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo, kunceda abantu baqonde ukuba imeko yabo inamandla yaye ayifezeki, kukhuthaza ukuba bachache ngobungqina obukhoyo, kuthintele ukumangaliswa xa kuvavanywa, yaye kukhuthaza ukucombulula iingxabano ngendlela ephumelelayo.

Iindidi Zokufumanisa

Iinkundla zomanyano ziyazazi iindlela eziliqela zokufumana, nganye kwezifezekisa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo. Iingxoxo zemibuzo ebhaliweyo ethunyelwa liqela ngalinye, emele iphendulwe phantsi kwesifungo. Izicelo zoxwebhu zifuna ukuba amaqela akhuphe amaxwebhu anxulumeneyo, ulwazi olugciniweyo nge-electal, okanye ezinye izinto ezibonakalayo ukuze zihlolwe kwaye zikhutshelwe.

Ukwala kubandakanya ubungqina obudluliselwa ngomlomo obunikelwe phantsi kwesifungo phambi kokuchotshelwa kwetyala, ngokuqhelekileyo kwiofisi yegqwetha elinomcholacholi-ndaba wasenkundleni okhoyo. Izicelo zokucela ukuvunywa kwamaqela ukuba avume okanye aphikise izibakala ezithile, ancede ekuxinaniseni imiba yokuvavanywa. Uvavanyo lomzimba nolwengqondo lungayalelwa xa imeko yeqela lomzimba okanye yengqondo ikwimeko yetyala.

Ukusabela Kwizicelo Ezifunyenweyo

Xa ufumana izicelo zokufumana, zithabathe nzulu uze usabelise ngokucokisekileyo nangenyaniso. Ukusilela ukusabela kwizinto ozifumeneyo okanye ukunikela iimpendulo ezingaphelelanga okanye ezibubuxoki kusenokuphumela kwisigwebo, kuquka isohlwayo semali, imithetho ecacileyo, okanye kwanokugxothwa kwetyala lakho.

Izicelo zokufumana izinto ezifunyenweyo zihlolwe ngenyameko uze uqhagamshelane negqwetha ukuba unemibuzo ngenkcazelo omele uyinikele. Ezinye iinkcukacha zinokukhuselwa kwilungelo elivela kumagqwetha, kwimfundiso yemveliso yomsebenzi, okanye kwezinye izinto ezisemthethweni zokukhusela.

Uxwebhu olufihlwayo ngeNkundla

Amaxwebhu okubhala ngokufanelekileyo abalulekile ekuthabatheni inxaxheba kwinkundla yenkundla karhulumente. Ukuqonda inkqubo yokulayishwa neemfuno kuya kukunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba amaxwebhu akho ayamkelwa yaye aqwalaselwe yinkundla.

Iinkqubo zokuhambisa i-elektroniki

Iinkundla ezininzi zelizwe zisebenzisa iifayile ze Case Case Case Case Presentes (CM/ECF) ukwenzela ukuqokelela amaxwebhu ngekhompyutha. Ukusebenzisa iCM/ECF, kufuneka ubhalise ityala uze ufumane igama lokungena negama eligqithisiweyo. Le nkqubo ikuvumela ukuba ubhale amaxwebhu iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku, iintsuku ezisixhenxe ngeveki, kwaye inikeze isiqinisekiso esikhawulezileyo sokufakwa kwephepha.

Ijelo lekhompyutha elishicilelweyo lithathe indawo yamaphepha abhalwe kwiinkundla zikarhulumente, nangona ezinye zingekho kwiindidi ezithile zamaxwebhu okanye zamaqela abonisa ukuba ukupakisha kwekhompyutha kuya kubangela ubunzima obungeyomfuneko.

Iimfuno zokuLungiselela uxwebhu

Iinkundla zomanyano zinemfuno ezithile zobume boxwebhu, kuquka ubungakanani befonti, imida, izithuba, kunye nemida yamaphepha. Ezi mfuneko zifumaneka kwimithetho yasekuhlaleni yenkundla yesithili nganye. Imfuno eziqhelekileyo ziquka ukusebenzisa ifonti yenqaku eli-12, imida ye-intshi, kunye nokunika izithuba kabini kumaphepha amaninzi.

Amaxwebhu kufuneka aquke inkcazelo echaza inkundla, inani lamatyala, amaqela, kunye nesihloko soxwebhu. Iinkundla ezininzi zinika iifomu kunye neesikhokelo ukunceda abalungisi-zicwangciso ezilungiselelwe kakuhle.

Inkonzo yamaxwebhu

Ukongeza ekufakeni amaxwebhu enkundleni, kufuneka ulungiselele iikopi kuwo onke amaqela kwityala. Inkonzo iqinisekisa ukuba onke amaqela anesaziso sezixhobo kunye nethuba lokuphendula. Imithetho yoManyano yeNkqubo yoLuntu ichaza iindlela ezamkelekileyo zomsebenzi, kuquka inkonzo ye-elektroniki ngenkqubo yeCM/ECF, iposi, okanye ukuhanjiswa kobuqu.

Xa u faka uxwebhu, kufuneka uquke isatifiketi senkonzo esichaza indlela nexesha oluncedise ngalo uxwebhu kwamanye amaqela. Ukungaphumeleli ukuphumeza amaxwebhu ngokufanelekileyo kungaphumela ekungavumini kwenkundla ukuqwalasela ifayile yakho.

Ukuba Nenxaxheba Kwinkundla Yokuchotshelwa Kwamatyala Nokuqhubeka

Ukuvela enkundleni yenkundla yelifa lesizwe kusenokuba yinto eyoyikisayo, kodwa ukuqonda oko umele ukulindele nendlela omele uziphathe ngayo kuya kukunceda ube nenxaxheba ngokunempumelelo uze umgqale kakuhle umgwebi.

I-Arecupe yaseNkundleni kunye ne-Decorum

Iinkundla zomanyano zigcina imilinganiselo ephakamileyo yokuziphatha neyobugcisa. Nxiba ngendlela elungeleleneyo nengokwemfundo, ngokungathi uya kwintlanganiso yeshishini ebalulekileyo. Amadoda kufuneka anxibe iisuti okanye iibhulukhwe ezinxitywa ngehempe neqhina. Amabhinqa kufuneka anxibe iisuti zeshishini, iimpahla, okanye ahlulwe ngokwezobugcisa. Kuphephe ukunxiba impahla engafanelekanga, iintonga ezingaphezulu, okanye nantoni na enokugqalwa njengengenantlonelo.

Ukufika kwangoko ukuze kunikwe ithuba lokuvavanywa kokhuseleko nokufumana inkundla elungileyo. Amagumbi enkundla asebenza ngomanyano anemigaqo engqongqo yokhuseleko, kuquka iingcebiso zentsimbi nengxowa yokukhangela. Zishiye izinto ezingavumelekanga, njengezixhobo, ekhaya, uze ukulungele ukuzicima zonke izixhobo ze-elektroniki okanye ukuzishiya ngaphandle kwenkundla.

Xa ijaji ingena okanye iphuma enkundleni, yima njengomqondiso wentlonelo. Yithi qhwini ijaji njengethi, Imbeko Yakho, uthethe kuphela xa unikwe imvume. Ungaze uphazamise ijaji okanye ezinye izithethi, uze uphephe ukwenza iimbonakaliso okanye izimbo zobuso ezinokugqalwa njengezoyikekayo.

Ukuthetha Enkundleni

Xa lithuba lakho lokuthetha, yima ngaphandle kokuba uyalelwe ngenye indlela, thetha kakuhle nangokuvakalayo ukuze wonke umntu ave, kwaye wazise amagqabaza akho kumgwebi kunokuba uwachase amaqela okanye amagqwetha. Lungisa iingcinga zakho ngaphambi kokuthetha nokunikela impikiswano yakho ngokusengqiqweni nangokufutshane.

Namathela kwizibakala nakumthetho onxulumene nenkqubo eqhubekayo. Kuphephe ukuvutha-phuka ngokweemvakalelo, ukuhlasela, okanye inkcazelo engancedi nto. Ukuba ijaji ikubuza umbuzo, yiphendule ngqo nangokunyanisekileyo. Ukuba akuyazi impendulo okanye akufuni ixesha lokuphanda, yitsho kunokuba uqage okanye unike inkcazelo engachananga.

Iindidi Zenkundla

Ukubonakala kokuqala nokubekwa kwetyala kudla ngokuba kukuvela kwenkundla okokuqala kumatyala olwaphulo-mthetho, apho abamangalelwa baxelelwa ngezityholo baze bafake isibongozo.

Ukuchotshelwa kwentshukumo kuxubusha ngemibandela ethile engokwasemthethweni okanye engokwenyani ephakanyiswa ngamaqela. Ezi ngxoxo zingabandakanya iingxoxo ezidluliselwa ngomlomo ngentshukumo ukugxotha, ukuthabatha inyathelo ukuze kugwetywe ngokufutshane, okanye ukuqhutywa kwentshukumo ukuze kungabikho bungqina. Yiza ulungiselele ukuxubusha ngesiseko esisemthethweni nesiyinyaniso sesikhundla sakho nokuphendula imibuzo evela kumgwebi.

Iingqungquthela zeli tyala zinceda ijaji ukuba ilawule ityala ize ikhuthaze ukuhlaziywa. Ijaji ingaxubusha ngocwangciso, iimpikiswano zokufumanisa, ukucombulula amathuba, nokulungiselela ukuvavanya. Zilungiselele ukuxubusha ngemeko yetyala lakho kunye nayo nayiphi na imibandela efuna ukucocwa.

Iinkundla zezona zingqiniso ezisemthethweni, apho amaqela anikela ubungqina neempikiswano kumgwebi okanye kwinkundla yabachopheli-tyala. IiNkantolo zilandela imithetho engqongqo engqongqo kwaye zisenokuhlala iiyure ezimbalwa ukuya kwiiveki eziliqela, kuxhomekeka ekuntsonkothekeni kwetyala.

Ukusebenza neNkundla

I-ofisi yomabhalane nabanye abasebenzi basenkundleni badlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yenkundla yenkundla yelifa lesizwe. Banganika iinkcukacha malunga neenkqubo zenkundla, iimfuno zokulungisa, kunye nemeko yetyala. Nangona kunjalo, abanako ukukunika icebiso elisemthethweni okanye bakuncede ulungiselele ityala lakho.

Xa kufuneka ucetyiswe, thetha negqwetha kunokuba ubuze abasebenzi benkundla.

Ukuwaqonda Amalungelo Akho Njengomthabathi - nxaxheba

Enoba ulilungu, ungqina, okanye umqwalaseli, unamalungelo athile xa unenxaxheba kwinkundla yenkundla yelifa lesizwe. Ukuqonda la malungelo kuza kukunceda uzikhusele kwaye uqinisekise ukuba uphathwa kakuhle.

Amalungelo Amaphulo

Ukuba ungomnye kwityala lenkundla yenkundla yesizwe, unelungelo lokuva, ukunikela ubungqina namangqina, ukunqumla amangqina aphikisanayo, nokugqiba ityala lakho ngokusekelwe kumthetho nobungqina. Kwimeko zasekuhlaleni, unokuba nelungelo lokuchophela ityala ukuba ucela elinye kwaye eli tyala libandakanya okomthetho kunokuba lichazwe ngokulinganayo.

Kwiimeko zolwaphulo - mthetho, abamangalelwa banelungelo eliphangaleleyo lomgaqo - siseko, kuquka ilungelo lokuhlala bethe cwaka, ilungelo lokuya kwigqwetha (kuquka isiluleko esimiselweyo ukuba awunako ukulifikelela), ilungelo lokuvavanya ngokukhawuleza nangokunguwonke wonke, ilungelo lokujamelana namangqina nelungelo lokunikela ingxubusho.

Amalungelo AmaNgqina

AmaNgqina anelungelo lokuphathwa ngentlonelo nangesidima. Ukuba ubizwa njengobungqina, kufuneka ungqine inyaniso, kodwa uneenkuselo ezithile. Ungathi ugunyazise ilungelo lokuzihlaziyisela lesihlanu nxamnye nokuzigxeka kwakho ukuba ubungqina bakho bungakuchanaba kwityala lolwaphulo-mthetho.

Usenokuba nelungelo lokuba negqwetha elinikela ubungqina ngexesha lakho, nangona igqwetha lingenakukuthethelela okanye liphazamisane nokubuza. Ukuba unexhala ngokunikela ubungqina, thetha negqwetha ngaphambi kokuba kuqhutywe.

Ukufumaneka Kuwonke-wonke Kwinkundla

Ngokuqhelekileyo inkundla yamatyala ivulekele uluntu ngokubanzi, ibonakalisa umgaqo wokuba okusesikweni kufanele kube kokucace gca yaye kufikeleleke. Amalungu oluntu asenokuya kwiimeko ezininzi nezilingo, nangona ezinye iingcebiso zisenokuvalwa ukuze kukhuselwe inkcazelo echukumisekayo, ukhuseleko lobuzwe, okanye ukuzifihla kwabantu abathile.

Iingxelo zenkundla zifumaneka nakuwonke wonke kwinkqubo yeNkqutyana Yezombane (PACER), evumela abantu ukuba bafune baze bafumane amaxwebhu enkundla yelo phondo kwi - Internet ukuze bafumane imali encinane.

Ulwazelelelo Olukhethekileyo Kwabathathi-nxaxheba

Ukuzimela kwakho kwinkundla yenkundla karhulumente kuzisa imingeni ekhethekileyo kwaye kufuna ukukhuthala nokulungiselela okuthe kratya. Ngoxa iinkundla zilivuma ilungelo lakho lokuzimela, zikwalindele ukuba ulandele imithetho nemigaqo efanayo njengamagqwetha.

Oovimba abathe bazinika abaLawuli

Iinkundla ezininzi zelifa lemveli zinika oovimba abacetywe ngokukhethekileyo ukunceda abasebenzi abasebenzisa inkqubo. Ezi zisenokuquka amaziko oncedo lolwazi, iincwadi zenkcazelo, ukwenza amaxwebhu, kunye neevidiyo zomyalelo. Khangela iwebhsayithi yenkundla yorhulumente yasekuhlaleni ukufumana izinto ezikhoyo.

Imibutho yoncedo olusemthethweni isenokunikela uncedo ekufanelekeni kwabantu, kuquka icebiso, ukulungiselela amaxwebhu, okanye ukuvalwa kwemiqathango elinganiselweyo. Kwanokuba awunako ukukwazi ukuchaza igcisa, ukubuzana kafutshane negqwetha kunokukunceda uqonde ukhetho lwakho uze uphephe iimpazamo ezinzulu.

Iimpazamo Eziqhelekileyo Omele Uziphephe

Abasebenzi abakwiprojekthi basoloko bedibana nobunzima ngenxa yokuba bengaqhelananga neenkqubo zenkundla kunye neemfuno zomthetho. Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo ziquka ukuphoswa kwexesha, ukungaphumeleli ukulungiselela amaxwebhu ngokufanelekileyo, ukunikezela iirekhoda ezilungiselelwe ngokungafanelekanga, ukwenza iimpikiswano zomthetho ngaphandle kokuxhasa igunya, kwaye ukusilela ukugcina imiba yokubhena.

Ukuze uphephe le migibe, zifundise ngemithetho neenkqubo ezifanelekileyo, funa uncedo kwimithombo ekhoyo, hlala ulungelelene uze ugcine iingxelo ezinenkcukacha, unxibelelane ingcali nenkundla namanye amaqela, uze ucinge ngokuqeshwa kwegqwetha ngezizathu ezilinganiselweyo, njengokuhlola amaxwebhu abalulekileyo okanye ukunikela icebiso elifanelekileyo.

Ukusingatha Ulindelo

Ukuzimela kwinkundla karhulumente kulucelomngeni, kwaye iziphumo aziqinisekiswanga. Kwanaxa ulungiselela ngokucokisekileyo, ungajamelana nedabi elinyukileyo ngokuchasene namagqwetha anamava aqonda intsingiselo yendlela yokusebenza karhulumente. Yiba nengqiqo ngamathuba akho okuphumelela kwaye uqwalasele enoba ixesha, umgudu, kunye noxinezeleko lokuzimela kufanelekile kusini na.

Kwezinye iimeko, ezinye iindlela zokucombulula impikiswano ezifana nokukhupha isindululo okanye ukurhoxisa zinganika indlela efikeleleka ngakumbi nengekho semthethweni yokucombulula impikiswano yakho. Hlola zonke iindlela ezikhoyo ngaphambi kokunikezela kwinkundla yenkundla yesizwe.

Indima Yesinye Isisombululo

Iinkundla zomanyano zikhuthaza amaqela ukuba acombulule iingxabano ngokusebenzisa ezinye iindlela zokuphelisa iimpikiswano (ADR) ngaphambi kokuba aqhubeke ukuya kuvavanywa. Ukuqonda ezi zinto kunokulondoloza ixesha, imali noxinezeleko ngoxa kunokwenzeka ukuba kufumane iziphumo ezingcono.

Isicwangciso

Ukuququzelela kubandakanya umntu wesithathu ongoondilele onceda amatheko anxibelelane. Umlamli akazenzeli izigqibo okanye amise izisombululo kodwa wenza kube lula ukunxibelelana kwaye unceda abantu bafumane iinkalo ezidibeneyo.

Iinkundla ezininzi zelifa lemveli zinenkqubo yokuphendulana yaye zisenokuyalela amaqela ukuba athabathe inxaxheba kwimicimbi ngaphambi kokuchotshelwa kwetyala. Nokuba ngaba ityala alifunwa, linokuba yindlela ephumelelayo yokucombulula iimpikiswano ngoxa ukulondoloza ulawulo ngeziphumo.

Ushenxiso

Ukuthatyathwa kwe-ADR yinto eqhelekileyo apho umququzeleli ongathathi-nxaxheba efumana ubungqina neempikiswano ezisuka kumacala omabini aze enze isigqibo esibophayo. Ukuthatyathwa kwemiqathango kunokukhawuleza kwaye kungabiza mali encinane kunetyala, nangona kukwakuthintela ukuba ukwazi ukubhenela kwizigqibo ezingalunganga.

Ezinye izivumelwano zifuna ukuba kulungiswe iimpikiswano, yaye iinkundla zikarhulumente ngokuqhelekileyo ziya kuqinisekisa ukuba ezi zivumelwano ziya kugcinwa. Ukuba ityala lakho libandakanya igalelo lokugweba, thetha negqwetha ukuze uqonde amalungelo akho nokhetho lwakho.

Iingqungquthela Zokuzinzisa

Abagwebi bamasebe okanye abagwebi bamagqwetha basenokulungisa iingqungquthela ukuze bakhuthaze amaqela ukuba acombulule iingxabano zawo. Ezi nkomfa zinika ithuba lokuxubusha amandla nobuthathaka betyala ngalinye nokuhlola imibandela esenokuxoxwa.

Iinkomfa zokuhlalisana zingenazimvo eziphandleyo nolindelo olusengqiqweni. Ngoxa kufuneka uthethele izilangazelelo zakho, kwakhona qwalasela iindleko, iingozi, nokungaqiniseki kokuqhubeka uthetha.

Ukuqonda Izigqibo Nezibheno Zenkundla Yomkhosi

Emva kokuba inkundla icebise ngesigqibo, kufuneka uqonde ukuba sithetha ukuthini yaye umele uqonde ukuba yintoni onokuyenza ukuze ucel ’ umngeni okanye unyanzele ukuba unyanzele loo nto.

Iindidi Zezigqibo Zenkundla

Iinkundla zoManyano zikhupha iindidi ezahlukeneyo zezigqibo, kuquka imiyalelo, izimvo, kunye nemigwebo. Imiyalelo ithetha ngemibandela ethile yesithethe okanye encinci kwaye isenokukhutshwa nakweliphi na icandelo lenkundla. Iimbono zichaza indlela inkundla eqiqa ngayo nengcaciso engokwasemthethweni, ingakumbi kwiimeko ezibandakanya imibandela ebalulekileyo engokwasemthethweni.

Izigwebo zizigqibo zokugqibela ezisombulula ityala okanye ezingqalileyo. Umgwebo usenokufumana ingxwabangxwaba, unikeze isiqabu esingekho mthethweni, uphelise amayelenqe, okanye unike ezinye izicombululo. Xa ugqibo lufikile, lunokuba luncedo kwaye lungabhenelwa.

Inkqubo Yezibheno

Xa kugqitywe ityala, kudla ngokucelwa isibheno. Izibheno aziyotyala elitsha kodwa kunoko zijongwa enoba inkundla esezantsi iwusebenzisa ngokuchanekileyo na umthetho. Inkundla yezomthetho ihlola irekhodi yenkundla echongiweyo, kuquka iirekhodi zetyala, iintetho ezibhaliweyo, nemiboniso eshwankathelweyo esemthethweni, ukufumanisa ukuba iimpazamo zenzeka kusini na ezichaphazele isiphumo.

Ukubhenela kwisigqibo senkundla yesithili yephondo, kufuneka ufake isaziso sesibheno ngexesha elingqongqo, iintsuku ezingama-30 ukusuka ekungeneni komgwebo kwiimeko zasekuhlaleni nakwientsuku ezili-14 kumatyala olwaphulo-mthetho. Ukungalufaki olu luhlu luthe ngokuqhelekileyo kuthetha ukuphulukana nelungelo lakho lokubhenela.

Izibheno zibandakanya iimfuno ezintsonkothileyo ze-procebrate, kuquka ukulungiselela ingxelo ye-appellate, ukuqokelela iingxoxo ezifutshane, kunye nokunika iingxoxo ezingephi. Ukunikwa kobuchule boqheliselo lokulinganisa, ukumela okusemthethweni kuyanconywa kakhulu ukuba ucinga ukuba unomdla wokubhenela.

Ukukhupha Isigwebo

Ukuba ufumana umgwebo olungileyo, kusenokufuneka uthabathe amanyathelo awongezelelekileyo ukunyanzelisa. Kwiimeko zasekuhlaleni, oku kungabandakanya ukuqokelela umonakalo wemali ngokuhlawulwa komvuzo, iintlawulo zebhanki, okanye iimali zempahla. Iinkundla zoMasipala zinenkqubo zokunyanzela imigwebo, kwaye kusenokufuneka ukuba ubhale phantsi iintshukumo ezongezelelekileyo okanye iingcinga zokuqokelela oko ukutyala.

Amacebiso Asebenzisekayo Empumelelo Kwinkundla Yomanyano

Ngaphandle kweenkqubo nemithetho yokuqonda, iindlela ezithile ezisebenzisekayo zinokuphucula amava akho nempumelelo xa unenxaxheba kwinkundla yenkundla karhulumente.

Hlala Ulungelelene

Gcina ifayile ebanzi yetyala lakho, kuquka onke amaxwebhu enkundla, unxibelelwano, ubungqina, kunye namaphetshana. Yenza uthelekiso lweziganeko ezibalulekileyo kunye nemiqathango egqityiweyo. Sebenzisa inkqubo yekhalenda ukulandelela imihla yenkundla, ukugcina ixesha, neminye imihla ebalulekileyo. Ulungiselelo olulungileyo luza kukunceda uhlale phezu kwetyala lakho kwaye uphephe ukuphosa ixesha elibalulekileyo okanye ukuphulukana namaxwebhu abalulekileyo.

Thetha Noogqirha

Zonke iingxoxo nenkundla, amaqela aphikisanayo namagqwetha abo kufuneka zibe zezobugcisa, intlonelo, kwaye zifane nezoshishino. Kuphephe ukuthetha iimvakalelo, ukuhlasela, okanye ukuthetha izinto ezikrakra.

Xa ubhala, hlolisisa ngenyameko indlela obhalwe ngayo amagama, igrama nenkcazelo ecacileyo.

Lungiselela

Ukuzilungiselela ngokucokisekileyo kubalulekile kwimbonakalo nganye yenkundla. Yazi izibakala zetyala lakho ngaphakathi nangaphandle, qonda umthetho osebenzayo, khawucinge ngeempikiswano eziphikisanayo uze ulungiselele iimpendulo, uze uqhelisele ukuchaza ngokucacileyo nangokufutshane.

Ukuba ucwangciselwe ukuchotshelwa okanye ukuchotshelwa kwetyala, tyelela inkundla kwangaphambili ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba uzazi kakuhle ipropati kunye nomoya ojikelezayo. Lungisa naziphi na izinto oza kuzifuna, njengemiboniso, uluhlu lwamangqina, okanye amagunya asemthethweni, kusengaphambili.

Phulaphula Ngocoselelo

Lumka ngokusondeleyo xa kuthethwa inkundla. Phulaphula oko kuthethwa ngumgwebi, landela imiyalelo yejaji ngokuchanekileyo, kwaye uthathe amaphetshana kwiingongoma ezibalulekileyo okanye kwimibuzo. Ukuba akuqondi nto, cela ngobubele ukucaciswa kunokuqhubeka usekelwe kwiintelekelelo.

Zilawule Iimvakalelo Zakho

Ukucaphuka ngokweemvakalelo kusenokucinezela yaye kubangele unxunguphalo, ingakumbi xa amalungelo okanye izilangazelelo ezibalulekileyo zisengozini. Noko ke, ukulondoloza iimvakalelo kubalulekile. Ukugqajukelwa ziimvakalelo, ukuxambulisana ngomsindo, okanye ukunxunguphala okubonakalayo kusenokulonakalisa ukuthenjwa kwakho kuze kwenzekalise imeko yakho.

Ukuba uziva uchukumiseka ngokweemvakalelo, phefumla ngamandla, yima ngaphambi kokuba uphendule, uze unikele ingqalelo kwimibandela engokwasemthethweni neyinyaniso kunokuba unikele ingqalelo kwiimvakalelo zobuqu.

Yazi Ixesha Lokufuna Uncedo

Nokuba uzimele, qonda xa ufuna uncedo lobugcisa. Imibandela enzima yomthetho, iziphumo ezibalulekileyo, okanye iingxaki zengcali zingavumela ukuxilongwa okanye ukuqeshwa kwegqwetha. Amagqwetha amaninzi anika umelo lwemiboniso elinganiselweyo, apho ancedisa kwiinkalo ezithile zemeko yakho kunokuba ancedise kumelo olupheleleyo.

Ubuxhakaxhaka kunye nenkqubo yeNkundla yaMazwe yaNgoku

Iinkundla zomanyano ziye zayamkela ngokukhulayo iteknoloji ukuze ziphucule indlela yokufikelela nokusebenza. Ukuqonda ezi zixhobo zobugcisa kunokukunceda ukuba uthabathe inxaxheba ngokunempumelelo kwiinkundla zeli lizwe.

Ukuhamba ngombane kunye nolawulo loonobumba

Inkqubo yeCM/ECF iguqule uqheliso lwenkundla yephondo ngokuvumela ukugcinwa kwezixhobo zekhompyutha nokufikelela kumaxwebhu enkundleni. Ziqhelane nale nkqubo kwasekuqaleni kwetyala lakho. Iinkundla ezininzi zinika izinto zoqeqesho kunye nezikhokelo zomsebenzisi ukukunceda uhambele phambili kwinkqubo.

I-pall ye-elektroniki inika uncedo oluninzi, kuquka 24/7 unikezelo, uqinisekiso olukhawulezileyo, uqinisekiso, inkonzo ezenzekelayo kubasebenzisi ababhalisiweyo, kunye nocutho lwephepha kunye namaxabiso okuposa. Noko ke, ifuna ingqalelo kwiimfuno zobugcisa, ezifana neefomati zefayile, imida yobungakanani, kunye nokungalungisi kolwazi olunovakalelo.

Uqhubekeko olukude

Iinkundla ezininzi zelifa lemveli ngoku zinikela inxaxheba ekude kwiingxoxo ezithile ngevidiyo okanye ngemfonomfono. Oku kunokuba luncedo ngokukodwa kumaqela ahlala kude nenkundla okanye ahamba nzima. Jonga kwinkundla yakho malunga nokufumaneka kwemiba ekude kunye neenkqubo zokucela ukubamba inxaxheba kude.

Ukuba uthatha inxaxheba kude, qinisekisa ukuba unobugcisa obuthembekileyo, imekobume ethe cwaka neyingcali, kunye noqhagamshelwano oluzinzileyo lwe-intanethi. Vavanya izixhobo zakho kusengaphambili kwaye ube nesicwangciso sogcino-lwazi xa kusenzeka ubunzima bobugcisa.

Uphando lwasemthethweni lwangaphakathi

ISikolo Semfundo Yomthetho Sesizwe saseCornell Law sinikela inkululeko yokusebenzisa imithetho, imimiselo nemithetho yenkundla.

IPACCE ikuvumela ukuba ungenise amaxwebhu enkundla yenkundla yelifa lesizwe kunye needokisi, nangona ibiza umrhumo omncinane ngephepha ngalinye. Iithala leencwadi ezininzi zomthetho zikwanikela unikezelo olukhululekileyo kwii-database zophando olusemthethweni ukwenzela ukusetyenziswa nguwonke-wonke.

Ukuqonda Iindleko Zenkundla Neengxaki

Ukuze ungenelele enkundleni yenkundla yenkundla yelifa kufuneka uhlawule iindleko neendleko ezahlukahlukeneyo ofanele uziqonde uze uqingqe imali ngokufanelekileyo.

Iimbumbulwana Ezibilayo

Iinkundla zomanyano zinikela iimali zetyala lokuqalisa amatyala nezinye ii-ask. Le mali ingaba yimali eninzi, esusela kumawaka aliqela eerandi kumatyala karhulumente ukuya kwimali encinane yezothutho okanye izicelo ezithile.

Ukuba awunayo imali yokuhlawula, ungafaka isicelo sokuqhubeka kwi-foma pauperes, okukuvumela ukuba uqhubeke ngaphandle kokuhlawula ukuba ubonakalisa ubunzima bemali. Inkundla iza kuhlola ulwazi lwakho lwemali ize igqibe enoba ifanele inike umrhumo kusini na.

IAttorney Fees

Ukuba uqesha igqwetha, iimali zomthetho zinokuba nentsingiselo. IiAttorney zidla ngokubiza ngeyure, kunye namaqondo ahlukeneyo asekelwe kumava, kwindawo, nakumatyala anzima. Amanye amagqwetha anokunikela iindleko ezithe tyaba ukwenzela iinkonzo ezithile okanye amalungiselelo emali apho afumana ipesenti yokuchacha.

Thetha ngeendleko kunye namalungiselelo okuhlawula naliphi na igqwetha ocinga ukuliqesha. Fumana izivumelwano zomrhumo ngokubhala kwaye qinisekisa ukuba uyayiqonda iinkonzo eziqukiweyo kunye neendleko ezongezelelekileyo onokuzingenisa.

Amanye Amaxabiso

Ngaphandle kwemirhumo yokuhlawula kunye nemali yegqwetha, ukuhlawula kubandakanya ezinye iindleko ezifana nemali ehlawulwayo kwinkqubo, iirekhodi, iindleko zobungqina, iindleko zokukhuphela nokushicilela neendleko zohambo.

Ukuqwalasela Imbopheleleko Engokwasemthethweni

Bonke abathathi - nxaxheba kwiinkundla zenkundla bafanele baziphathe ngokunyaniseka nangengqibelelo.

Inxalenye Yecandor

Unembopheleleko yokuba nenyaniso kwinkundla. Oku kuthetha ukuba awunakwenza ubuxoki, unikezele ubungqina bobuxoki, okanye ufihle ulwazi olufunekayo ukutyhila. Ukungawuphumeleli lo msebenzi kungaphumela kwisigwebo, kuquka ukugxothwa kwetyala lakho, izigwebo zemali, okanye kwanetyala lolwaphulo-mthetho ngenxa yokugweba okanye ukuthintela okusesikweni.

Ukuhlonela Inkqubo Yasemthethweni

Iinkundla zomanyano zilindele ukuba bonke abathathi-nxaxheba bayihlonele inkqubo yomthetho baze balandele imithetho nemiyalelo yenkundla. Oku kuquka iintlanganiso ezigqityiweyo, ukuhambisana neemfuno zokufumana, ukulandela iinkqubo zenkundla, nokuphatha bonke abathathi-nxaxheba ngembeko nangentlonelo.

Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwenkqubo engokwasemthethweni, njengokuphosa amatyala angenamsebenzi, ukubandakanyeka ekuhlaseleni abanye, okanye ukwaphula ngabom imiyalelo yenkundla, kunokuphumela kwimiphumo enzulu, kuquka isigwebo, ukudelelwa, okanye imiqathango ekunokufunyanwa yinkundla kwixesha elizayo.

Imfihlelo Nemfihlelo

Lumka kwimicimbi yokufihla imfihlo kunye nemicimbi yobuqu xa uthatha inxaxheba kwinkundla yenkundla yelifa lesizwe. Ezinye iinkcukacha zinokukhuselwa lilungelo elifanelekileyo, yimfundiso ekhutshwayo, okanye imithetho yezomsebenzi.

Imithombo Yabemi Abanenxaxheba Kwinkundla Yomanyano

Kukho oovimba abaninzi abanceda abemi balapho baqonde baze basebenzise inkundla yaseburhulumenteni.

Imithombo yenkundla esemthethweni

I-website yeNkundla yase-U.S. www.ustouts.gov inikela iinkcukacha ezibanzi malunga nenkqubo yenkundla yelifa lesizwe, kuquka izinto zokufundisa, imithetho yenkundla, kunye nezikhokelo zenkcazelo. Iiwebhsayithi zenkundla nganye yesithili zinika ulwazi lwasekuhlaleni, iifomu, kunye nobuncwane obuchanekileyo kuloo nkundla.

Iinkundla ezininzi zelifa lemveli zineenkqubo zoncedo okanye amaziko oncedo anika ulwazi kunye noncedo olulinganiselweyo kumathala azimeleyo.

Imibutho yoncedo esemthethweni

Imibutho yoncedo esemthethweni inikela iinkonzo ezisemthethweni ezikhululekileyo okanye eziphantsi ukuze kufunyanwe abantu. Ngoxa le mibutho igxininisa kwimicimbi yasekuhlaleni echaphazela abantu abafumana imali ephantsi, inokuba zii-asethi ezixabisekileyo ukwenzela icebiso elingokwasemthethweni, ukulungiselela amaxwebhu, yaye maxa wambi ukumelelwa.

I-website yeSebe lezeMisebenzi eLege i- ku-www.lsc.gov ingakunceda ufumane imibutho yoncedo olusemthethweni kummandla wakho. Iintlanganiso ezininzi zebar zikwasebenzisa iinkqubo ze-probono ezidibanisa abantu namagqwetha amatsha - ntliziyo.

Ithala leencwadi loMthetho

Iincwadi zomthetho zinika abantu ithuba lokufumana izinto zophando ezisemthethweni, kuquka imimiselo, imimiselo, imithetho yenkundla, kunye neengxelo ezingokwasemthethweni. Iincwadi ezininzi zomthetho zivulelwe uluntu zize zinikezele uncedo lophando kubaphathi bethala leencwadi abaqeqeshiweyo. Iincwadi zemali-zincwadi zengingqi kunye neelayibrari zesikolo zomthetho zindawo ezifanelekileyo zokuqalisa.

Iinkqubo Zemfundo Neendawo Zokusebenzela

Iinkundla, imibutho enxulumene neenkundla neentlangano zoncedo ezisemthethweni zidla ngokunikela iinkqubo zokufundisa neenkampani zomsebenzi kwimibandela eyahlukahlukeneyo engokwasemthethweni.

Ulwazi ngemithetho Yangaphakathi

Iiwebsite ezininzi zinika abemi ulwazi olusemthethweni kunye nobuncwane obusemthethweni. I-Legal Information Institute eCornell Law School (] www.law.corell.Cellu.) zinikeza unikezelo olukhululekileyo kwimithetho yequmrhu neyorhulumente, imithetho yenkundla, kunye nolwazi olusemthethweni. I-website ye-American Bar Association inika ulwazi olusemthethweni oluthengemibandela eyahlukeneyo.

Lumka xa usebenzisa inkcazelo engomthetho kwi-intanethi, kuba ayiyomithombo ethembekileyo okanye ekhoyo. Qinisekisa inkcazelo evela kwimithombo emininzi uze uqhagamshelane negqwetha ukuba unemibuzo ngendlela umthetho osebenza ngayo kwimeko ethile.

Isiphelo

Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwinkundla yenkundla yelifa lemveli kumsebenzi obalulekileyo ofuna ukulungiselela, ulwazi, kunye nobuchule. Enoba ungumbutho kwityala, kubungqina, okanye ufuna nje ukuqonda inkqubo yenkundla yelifa lesizwe, inkcazelo ekule khokeli inika isiseko sokuthabatha inxaxheba ngokunempumelelo.

Khumbula ukuba iinkundla zelifa lemveli zisebenza phantsi kwemithetho engqongqo kunye neenkqubo ezilungiselelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba okusesikweni nokusesikweni kuyimfuneko. Zithabathe nzulu ezi mfuneko, zilungiselele kakuhle, zifune uncedo xa lufuneka, uze uziphathe ngokunyaniseka nangengqibelelo ngalo lonke ixesha.

Nangona inkundla karhulumente inokuba lucelomngeni, ingakumbi kwabo bangaqeqeshwanga ngokusemthethweni, kukho oovimba abaninzi abanokukunceda uqonde amalungelo neembopheleleko zakho. Musa ukuthandabuza ukusebenzisa ezi zinto, ukubuza imibuzo, nokufuna uncedo lobugcisa xa kufanelekile.

Ngokuyiqonda inkqubo yenkundla yelifa lesizwe, ukulungiselela ngokwaneleyo, nokuba nenxaxheba kwizemfundo, ungaqinisekisa ukuba ilizwi lakho liyaviwa yaye amalungelo akho akhuselwa kwiinkundla zenkundla zikarhulumente. Iinkundla zelifa lemveli zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yethu yokusesikweni, kwaye zinolwazi, zilungiselele abemi balulungeleleneyo ukuba banikele kulawulo olufanelekileyo nolunempumelelo lokusesikweni kubo bonke abantu.