IMpuma Asia likhaya lezixhobo zolawulo-moya ezinamandla eziliqela eziye zaphuhlisa ulawulo-bulunga olukhethekileyo, nganye ineziphumo ezicacileyo zobuzwe. UMzantsi Korea, iJapan, kunye neTaiwan zibonakala njengemizekelo ebalaseleyo yendlela iinkqubo ezohlukeneyo zezobupolitika ezinokuyibumba ngayo inkqubela yezoqoqosho, uzinzo lwentlalo, kunye nokubotshwa kwebutho labantu. Ngoxa zontathu zibophelele imbopheleleko kwimigaqo-nkqubo yedemokhrasi, iinkqubo zazo zolawulo-demokhrasi . Ziyakhe zisuka kwiinkqubo zolawulo lweenkokeli ukuya kwii-ofisi zephondo ukuya kwii-ofisi zephondo ukuya kwii-dipolitiessmes ukuya kwiziphumo ezincinci ezikhoyo ezikhoyo `````iintlas''''ss evelisa iziphumo ezahlukeneyo ezohlukeneyo. Ukuqonda okungakhankani eziphawulekayo kuphela inkqubela yezoqoqosho, ukungenelelana kwezentlalo-ntlalo-ntle, ukungenelela kwezentlalo yentlalo-ntle, ukungenelela imicimbi yentlalo-ntle, i-ntle ethek

Izakhiwo zolawulo kwiMigaqo-nkqubo ye-Asia eMpuma

Nangona kwabelana ngemiqathango yengingqi kunye neziseko zedemokhrasi, uMzantsi Korea, iJapan, kunye neTaiwan zamkela imizekelo eyahlukileyo yokulawula ebonakalisa imikhosi yabo engaqhelekanga engokwembali, amava eekoloni, kunye namaqumrhu asemva kwemfazwe. Amacandelo alandelayo aphula umgaqo-siseko welizwe ngalinye, ukusasaza igunya, kunye namaqumrhu ezobupolitika angundoqo.

UMzantsi Korea: Inkqubo yobuMongameli enegunya eliPhezulu

UMzantsi Korea usebenza phantsi kwenkqubo yobumongameli eyasekwa emva kokutshintshelwa kwedemokhrasi ngo-1992. Umongameli unyulwa ngqo ngevoti yegama elinye eliqhelekileyo elineminyaka emihlanu kwaye unegunya elithe kratya, kuquka ulawulo lolawulo oluphezulu lomkhosi, igunya kwimigaqo yangaphandle, namandla okumisela umphathi-mikhosi kunye namalungu ekhabhathi. Olu lawulo lwegunya lolawulo oluphezulu luye lwanceda ukwenza izigqibo ezikhawulezileyo kunye nokuphunyezwa kwemigaqo-nkqubo, ingakumbi ngexesha lotshintsho lwezoqoqosho nocelomngeni lokhuseleko.

INdibano yesiZwe (iGukhoo) yindlu yowiso-mthetho ehlala abantu abangoo-odokisi eMzantsi Korea, idla ngokuphikiswana, i-300 yamalungu anyulwe ngokwemiqathango emine. Iqhelisela amandla owiso-mthetho, ivumela uqingqo-mali lwesizwe, kwaye ingamjikela umongameli ngemibango emibini-mitha emithathu yovoti. Noko ke, ulawulo-lulawulo lwezintlola eMzantsi Korea lusoloko lunengxabano, kunye neengxabano ezingqubanayo. Inkqubo yomongameli ikwakhela iphumele impumelelo, apho iziphumo zonyulo zingakhokelela kwimibaliso echuliweyo kunye nokuhlahlela kwezobupolitika. Ngoxa iNkuhlalo yoMgaqo-siseko isebenza njengendlela yokuhlola amandla kamongameli, uzinzo lwenkqubo yenkohlakalo nokuqhankqesho olukhulu, ubukhulu obukhulu i-2016 2016 i-Genekhstan [5] [5]

Ulawulo olunomtsalane loMzantsi Korea yindima eyomeleleyo yesizwe ekuphuhlisweni kwezoqoqosho, ilifa lexesha lokuphuhliswa kwegunya lolawulo oluphezulu. Ngeli xesha ukulawulwa kolawulo-demokhrasi kuthoba kulungelelanisa amandla athile, umongameli uhlala ukwindawo ephambili yobomi bezobupolitika. Utshintsho lwangoku lujolise kwigunya lorhulumente woluntu kwaye luqinise uxilongo nolungelelwano, kodwa ulawulo lwegunya luyaqhubeka. Kuhlalutyo olunzulu lwamaziko ezobupolitika aseMzantsi Korea, bona ukungeniswa kwehlabathi leCIIC [[FLT: 0].

EJapan: Inkqubo yePalamente enomlawuli womGaqo-siseko

Ukwakhiwa kwesizwe saseJapan yinkqubo yepalamente enolawulo lomgaqo-siseko, edityaniswe kuMgaqo-siseko we-1947 emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II. UMlawuli usebenza njengentloko yomfuziselo karhulumente engenagunya lezobupolitika, lo gama uMphathi-mikhosi ukhokelwa ngurhulumente kwaye ukhethwa yiDiet (Kokkai). UDiet yi-baobaral: Indlu yabameli (Shūgin) enamalungu angama-45 anyuliweyo ukuya kufikelela kwiminyaka emine, kunye neNdlu yeBhunga (Sangiin) enamalungu anyuliweyo angama-248 angonyaka emithandathu, isiqingatha seminyaka emithathu.

Indlu esezantsi iphethe amandla amakhulu owiso-mthetho .Ingadlula amatyala endlu ephezulu kwiminxeba emininzi ekwizixa ezibini ezithathu-ntathu . Ingumphathi-mikhosi oyintloko wegumbi elilawulayo. Indlu yoorhulumente usoloko engumphathi weqela elininzi kwiNdlu yabameli. iJapan ire-dominant Liberal Democratic Partition (LDP) ilawula phantse phantse ukususela ngo 1955, ikhuthaza uzinzo lwezopolitiko kunye nenkqubo eqhubekayo. Inkqubo yepalamente ikwakhuthaza ukwakhiwa kweminqoqo nezivumelwano zezobupolitika, ezinokuthi zithobe ingqubana ingqubanano yemibanisa imigaqo engaphaya kwemithetho kodwa zinokuthi zithobe notshintsho olufunekayo [FLT] [FLT:] [10]

Ulawulo lwamaJapan luphawulwa ngeqela elinamandla elisebenza ngokusondeleyo neqela elilawulayo, uphawu oludla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi "iron triangle" unxantathu onxulumanisa abezobupolitika, abalawuli, kunye nezilangazelelo zeshishini. Eli lungiselelo liye lafak ’ isandla kwimpumelelo yezoqoqosho kodwa nakukubungqongqo nokuxhathisa ukutshintsha. Kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje, utshintsho lonyulo olwaziswa ngo19949 luye lwatshintsha amandla kumphathiswa-nkulu kunye nomphathi-ntloko-mikhosi, ukunciphisa inkqumrhu ekulweni phakathi kwe-LDP. Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo yezobupolitika yaseJapan yaziwazisa uzinzo, ugonyamelo lwezobupolitika olusezantsi, kunye nemiphakatho ephezulu yemithetho ephakamileyo yokuthembana. I-judiary izimele, kunye nenkqubo yeNkusebenza kweNkundla yeNkundla ephakamileyo, nangona inqandayo.

I-Taiwan: Inkqubo ye-Semi-Presidential ngenkululeko

ITaiwan (engangoko iRiphabliki yaseTshayina) isebenza phantsi kwenkqubo exubana kancinane neempawu zomongameli kunye nemifanekiso yepalamente. Umongameli unyulwa ngqo ngokwegama elikwiminyaka emine kwaye angakhonza ubukhulu bamabinzana amabini alandelelanayo. Umongameli umisela umphathi omkhulu (intloko ye-Yuan ephetheyo), omele ngoko aqinisekiswe yiLegislative Yuan. Esi sakhiwo sikhulu sidityaniswe ngamagunya amabini sidala amathuba okuhlalisana, apho umongameli kunye nomphathi-ntloko bamaqela ahlukeneyo, nangona oku bekunqabile ukusetyenziswa kwamaqela aphambili.

I-Legislative Yuan liqumrhu elinamalungu angathanga nxaxheba ali-1991 elinyulwe ngeminyaka emine kumthetho oxubeneyo owenziwe ngamalungu aphambili. Linamandla owiso-mthetho abalulekileyo, kuquka ukukwazi ukudlulisa imithetho, ukuvunywa koqingqo-mali, kwaye lithandabuze umlawuli wokuqala. Utshintsho lwedemokhrasi lwaqala ekupheleni koo1980 kwaye lwagqitywa lupheleliswa kunyulo lokuqala lomongameli ngo19999. Ukususela ngoko, ilizwe libone ukhuphiswano lwezopolitiko oluchukileyo, kunye namaqela amabini angundoqo eDidemocratic Party (DPP) kunye neKuomitantang (KT) esemandleni. Free ne-crovertivestiki zisisi lityekeleyo lwe-Taiwan, kwaye izikhundla ze-okncuka ka-okn.[F.]

Ulawulo lweTaiwan luye lwabunjwa ngokubhekele phaya bubume balo bezizwe ngezizwe. Ukunganconywa okusesikweni kwezobuzwe obuvela kumazwe amaninzi, iTaiwan ivelise indlela elungele ukusetyenziswa ekuthetheni nokumiselwa kwezoqoqosho. Inkundla yezomGaqo-siseko (i-yuan yezahlulelo) ibisoloko isebenza ekukhuseleni amalungelo abantu nokuhlola umthetho. Idemokhrasi yaseTaiwan isoloko inconywa ngomgangatho wayo ophezulu wokuthabatha inxaxheba kwezobupolitika, ulawulo lwezibonelelo, nezenzo zoluntu. I-2014 Sunflower Movement kunye nemibhiyo elandelayo ibonisa impucuko yoluntu entle efuna ukuphendula kukarhulumente.

Impembelelo yeQumrhu loLawulo

Izicwangciso ezilungiselelwe ezi migangatho mithathu ziphembelela ngqo iziphumo zentlalo-ntle. Amacandelo alandelayo ahlolisisa indlela isakhiwo ngasinye sokulawula esichaphazela ngayo uzinzo lwezopolitiko, ukudityaniswa kwezentlalo, inkqubela yezoqoqosho, kunye nokulingana kwentlalo.

Ukuzinza Kwezobupolitika Nokuthenjwa Kwamaqumrhu

Uzinzo lwezobupolitika luyahluka-hluka kumazwe amathathu olawulo-bume, ubukhulu becala ngenxa yamalungiselelo awo awahlukeneyo. Inkqubo yomongameli waseMzantsi Korea, kunye neemeko zayo ezizinzileyo kunye nolawulo oluphezulu, iye yafumana amaxesha eengxaki zezobupolitika. Unyaka ka-2016 oyalela kunye nonyulo olulandelayo lukaMongameli Moon Jae-in lwabonisa zombini amandla enkqubo okuphendula ityala kunye nokungalawuleki kwayo phantsi kwenkqubo yomongameli. Nangona kunjalo, uMongameli Yoon Suk Yeol ujongenengxaki enkulu xa ukuzama kwakhe ukubeka umthetho wemfazwe yesizwe kwathintelwa yiNdibano yesizwe, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekungangeni kwakhe intlawulo ngoDisemba 2024. Esi siganeko sibalasebugqwele bucala bobugqele-granti phantsi kwenkqubo yomongameli. Nangona kunjalo, ulawulo lwezolawulo lwezolawulo lwezolawulo-demokhrasi lwaseNtshona Koloni luyelwe, ngokoluye luye luye luye lujongene, ngokoluvo oluditya oluditya oluphakathi, lusoloko lujongeneyo, lungancitshisiwe kunye noluvo olu

Inkqubo yepalamente yaseJapan, ngokwahlukileyo, inike uzinzo oluphawulekayo. Ulawulo olude lwe-LDP luphumele kumgaqo ongaguqukiyo kunye ne-TB. Iirhulumente azifane ziwe phakathi kwexesha, kunye nezenzo zezopolitiko, ngeli xesha zikhoyo, azizange ziphazamise inkqubo. Ukuthemba uluntu kwimibutho efana ne-ofisi yesebe kunye noDiet kuphezulu ngokuthelekisa nezinye iidemokhrasi, nangona iye yawohloka kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Intlekele yowa ka-2011 Fukushima kwaye ngokulandelayo yaphatha intelelo kawonke-wonke kodwa ayizange ibangele ingxaki yenkqubo yolawulo-mkhosi.

Inkqubo yeTaiwan encinane kancinane idibanisa uzinzo lomongameli onyuliweyo ngqo onobubhetyebhetye bemeko yepalamente. Ukhuphiswano lwezobupolitika lunamandla, lunolwahlulo oluthe rhoqo loxolo lwamandla phakathi kwe-DP ne-KMT. Olu khuphiswano luye lwabangela ingxoxo yedemokhrasi eyomeleleyo kodwa ngamaxesha athile iqhina lentsontela, ingakumbi ngexesha likarhulumente owahluleleneyo. Idemokhrasi yaseTaiwan ithelekelele kakhulu, kunye namaqela asebenzayo abantu, acinga iitanki, kunye nezixhobo zokukhupha ulwazi. Uzinzo lwezobupolitika lugcinwe phezu kwayo yonke inxalenye yogcino-demokhrasi nokuzinikela kwemiqathango yesizwe kunye neyantlulo yedemo-demokhrasi. Uvavanyo lusoloko luphezulu, ngokukodwa kwinkqubo ye-judiary kunye novo.

Ukuba Nenxaxheba Kwezopolitiko

Umgangatho nohlobo lokuganana kwezentlalo yoluntu lwahlukile kuwo onke amazwe amathathu. UMzantsi Korea uqhayisa ngelinye iqondo eliphezulu labavoti abavunyiweyo phakathi kolawulo-melo, ngokufuthi abangaphezulu kwama-75% kunyulo lomongameli. Ngapha koko, abantu baseMzantsi Korea babandakanyeka kwimibhiyozo eshushu yemiboniso yemiboniso yemiboniso-mzingo kunye nemibutho yabantu. INqaqolo eBambalelayo ka-2016-2016-2017, eyakhokelela ekungaququququzeli koMongameli wePaki, ivel, ivelise ibutho elisebenza kakhulu kwezobupolitika kwaye linobuchule ekusebenziseni izixhobo zomvotekthazo. Kodwa ke, olu qhaphulo lungakhokelela kwicandelo lombutho lwezentlalo, nakudilikane.

Ukubotshwa kwesizwe saseJapan kuthotyiwe kodwa kuqinile. I-avareji ephantsi emalunga nama-50-60%, esezantsi kunoMzantsi Korea, ngokwenxalenye ngenxa yolawulo lwe-LDP noluvo lokuba unyulo lungaphantsi. Noko ke, unyulo kunye nezobupolitika zoluntu zitsala inxaxheba engakumbi. IJapan inesithethe esinamandla sonxulumano lwengingqi (i-chōnaikai), ubuvolontiya, kunye nee-ntlalone ezifaktha kwiko loluntu. Iqela loxolo nezenzo zokusebenza kobuntlalo lwemfazwe yemfazwe linempembelelo encinane. Kodwa, ukuthatha inxaxheba kwezobupolitika zolutsha kusezantsi, kwaye kukho umsantsalo oqhubekayo kwi-politiki ekwimicimbini. Imibutho yakutshanje echasene nesiseko somkhosi wase-US eOkinayibonisa ukuba ukugronabe.

ITaiwan ibalasele kwisaveyi yayo ephezulu, esoloko ingaphezulu kwama-70% kunyulo olukhulu. Unyulo lwama-2020 lomongameli lwabona ingxelo 74.9%. Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwezobupolitika kwanda ngaphaya kokuvota: ingxengxezo yasezitratweni, isalatha-mbombo, kunye namaphulo oluntu axhaphakileyo aqhelekile kwaye ayasebenza. ISunflower Movement ngo-2014, eyaphumelela ukuvala ukuqhubana norhwebo neTshayina, ibonise amandla omfundi okhuphindiweyo. Ibutho laseTaiwan lithelekele kakhulu kwimigca ye-Rhoversethi, kodwa le ndawo yasekuhlaleni ayikhange ilawule ulawulo-demokhrasi; endaweni yoko, iye yakhuthaza impikiswano engapheliyo kunye nokuphendula. Abantu abaselula namabhinqa basebenza ngokuqhubekayo kwezobupolitika, kwaye iTaiwan iye yabona ukunyuka kweqela labafundi abakwizingelayo nabafuni-yo.

ISebe libonise ukuba

Ulawulo lwezi zixhobo zolawulo-moya luneziphumo ezicacileyo zezoqoqosho. Ilifa legunya eliphakamileyo lorhulumente woMzantsi Korea kunye nophuhliso lombuso lophuhliso liye laqhubela phambili ushishino olukhawulezileyo kunye nolwando oluthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Intsebenziswano karhulumente esondeleyo kunye neenkomfa ezinkulu (ii-Cheebols) njengoSalumm kunye noHyundaillai yaqhuba ilizwe ukusuka kubuhlwempu ukuya kwimeko ephezulu kwimicimbi yezakhiwo efana nemali yezindlu kunye nokungaqeshwa kwabantu abatsha. Noko ke, le mizekelo ibangele iingxaki: ukulingana kwengeniso, ukulawulwa kwe-chaebol, kunye nokungabonwa kokunganyaniseki kwenkohlakalo. Inkqubo yomongameli yokuzinziswa kwemibutho iye yanceda kwezinye iindawo kodwa icuthe kakhulu kwimicimbi yemibango efana nemali kunye nokungaqeshwa kobutsha.

Inkqubo yepalamente kunye nozinzo lwamaqumrhu epalamente ixhase uqoqosho oluzinzileyo, olukhuthazayo. "Ishumi leminyaka elilahlekileyo" lee-1990 kunye neengcinezelo ezilandelayo zokuthomalalisa zityhile ubuthathaka kwimodeli yokulawula, kuquka ukucotha ekwenzeni izigqibo kunye nokuchasana kokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo. Sekunjalo, iJapan igcina isiseko soshishino soshishino kwiinqwelo-moya, iirobhothi, kunye nee-elektroniki, kunye nentlalo-ntle entle entle yentlalo-ntle. Ubuchule bukarhulumente bokulondoloza ukungalingani okusezantsi nobuchule boluntu ngokwengxenye bunokubekwa kwimigaqo-nkqubo esekelwe kwisakhiwo. Ubuchule bokwenza ulawulo lwesizwe kunye nenkqubo ye-Abenomili ka-Acomicrackishow bubonisa ukuba ulawulo oluqinileyo phantsi kwenkqubo yepalamente xa ikho inkqubo yezopolitiko. Ngoko, ukuphakama kwemibango yezo ezo zezoqoqosho kuya kufuneka ukutshintsha kotshintsho.

Inkqubo yeTayiwan encinane ekwimeko yezoqoqosho ikhuthaza uqoqosho olunamandla, oluthunyelwa ngaphandle olusekelwe ekuveliseni iteki. Indlela karhulumente yokuqhuba impumelelo ngokukhuthaza ukhuseleko lwesizwe kunye nokudibana kwehlabathi lonke(----- kwaye ibalulekile ekusindeni kwezoqoqosho. iTaiwan yinkokeli yomhlaba wonke kwimveliso encinci, neTSMC njenge-lunchpinpu yemijelo yezobugcisa yomhlaba wonke. Urhulumente uye wakhuthaza ngamandla ukuphuhlisa ukuphuhliswa kwemali, ukuveliswa kwemali, kunye nemithetho yezemizi - mveliso. Noko ke, inkqubo ijongenemingeni: ukuxhomekeka kwimizi - mveliso embalwa, ukungalingani kwengeniso, ukulingana kwezindlu, kunye nokukhuselwa kwezindlu. Ukukhuphisana kwezobupolitika kukhuthaza imigudu ye-TSMCPromes. Inkqubela yezoqoqosho yelizwe i-Smalveinvert, ilungele ukutshintsha ngokukhawuleza kwezizwe ngezizwe ngezizwe.

Iziphumo zokungalingani kweNtlalo neNkcubeko

Iziphumo ezibonisa ukwahluka kwemigaqo-nkqubo yoluntu. Ukwanda okukhawulezileyo komongameli waseMzantsi Korea kwavela ngentlalo kunye nokungalingani okucacileyo. Inkqubo yepopulist iye yabona iinkqubo zepopulist ngamathuba athile ukuthetha ngazo, kodwa ii-chaebol ezinamandla kunye nezikhulu ezingokwaluphala zisoloko zingavumi ukuphembelela ipetroli. Eli lizwe linerhafu ephantsi ngokuthelekisayo, imodeli esezantsi, iziphumo zenani eliphezulu lobuhlwempu phakathi kwabakhulileyo nabanganelanganga ngokwaneleyo kwi-ntlalo. Unyulo lomongameli lwabona iingxoxo ngengeniso engundoqo kunye nemali yabantwana, kodwa ihambe kancinci. Kwelinye isandla, uMzantsi Korea umgangatho wemfundo yempilo, ngenkqubo ye-inshorensivers yonyango ephambili.

Inkqubo yepalamente yaseJapan ivelise ibutho loluntu elilinganayo, elixhaswa ziinkqubo zobuntlalo-ntle ezomeleleyo zikarhulumente kuquka i-inshorensi yempilo-ntle yehlabathi lonke, iinkqubo zempesheni, kunye neenkonzo zoluntu ezityebileyo. Ukungalingani kwemali yemali efunyenweyo kuphakathi kwe-OECD, kwaye iGini conacipelity ihleli iqinile. Inkcitho karhulumente yentlalo iphezulu, kodwa ukwaluphala kwamanani abantu abakhulileyo kubangela ukuba inkqubo yoluntu ingasebenzi. Ukuzinikela kwentlalo-ntle kuboniswa kumanani asezantsi olwaphulo-mthetho kunye noqikelelo oluphezulu lobomi. Noko ke, imibango efana nobe-1, ukuthengiswa kwemisetyenz elinzima, kunye nelifa le "xesha lobomi bobomi" kumlinganiselo ophezulu wamathuba obenziwe ngamabhinqa kunye nolutsha.

ITaiwan iye yenza inkqubela ebalulekileyo ekulinganiseni intlalo-ntle ukususela ekuqulungwini kolawulo-bume. Urhulumente uye wandisa ukhuseleko lwempilo, imfundo, kunye nokhuseleko lwentlalo. Inkqubo yeNational Inishorensi, eyaveliswa ngo-1995, inconywa ngokubanzi ngokunikezelwa kwayo kunye nokusebenza kwayo. Ukungalingani kwengeniso yeTaiwan kuye kwanda kancinci kodwa kuhlala kulinganiselwe xa kuthelekiswa noMzantsi Korea. Ukusabela kwenkqubo yezobupolitika kuye kwaqhubela phambili kuphucule amalungelo emisebenzi, ukulingana kwamabhinqa, umgangatho wentlalo-ntle, kunye nentlalontle yabantu. Unyulo lwama 20202020 lwabona amaqela ekhuphisana kwimigangatho yentlalo-ntlalo-ntle, kuquka ukuhlawulwa kwezindlu zabantwana kunye nokukhuliswa kwabantwana. Ubunzima buhleli, ngokukodwa kubantu basemakhaya kunye nabemidaliweyo, kodwa utyekelo luye lwaya kumazwe asekuhlaleni kwimisebenzi.

Uhlalutyo Oluthelekisayo: Izifundo ezivela kumazwe aseMpuma Asia

Ukuthelekisa ezi demokhrasi zintathu zityhila ukuba akukho modeli yolawulo-moya ingumgangatho ophezulu ngokwemvelo; nganye inamandla nobuthathaka obudlala kwiziphumo zobuzwe. Inkqubo enamandla yomongameli waseMzantsi Korea inceda ukuthatha inyathelo eligqibelela kodwa ikhuthaza ukuhlaliswa kwemimandla kunye nokungazinzi. Inkqubo yepalamente yaseJapan inika uzinzo kunye nokuvumelana kodwa inika umngcipheko wokungaxengelelwa nokungaxelelwa. Inkqubo yeTaiwan emalunga nentlalo-mgamgamshela-nye ilungelelaniso nokhuphiswano kodwa ijongene nocelomngeni lolwahluko lukarhulumente noxinzelelo lwangaphandle.

Isifundo esibalulekileyo kukubaluleka kokukwazi ukuvumelana neemeko. UMzantsi Korea uye waguqula inkqubo yakhe yokukhetha kwaye waguqula amanye amandla afanelekileyo ekuphenduleni amanqam. IJapan iye yayiqinisa ngokuthe ngcembe indima yenkulumbuso kunye nokuncitshiswa kwe-bureaucracy. ITaiwan iphumelele ekukwazini ukutshintsha-tshintshana kwamandla kwaye igcine ukumelana nedemokhrasi naxa isoyikiso lwangaphandle. Zonke iidemokhrasi zibonakalisa ukuba ulawulo-demokhrasi alubia lungahlaziyi kodwa luneeleleka ngeemfuno zesocietal [Mpuma Asia Forum].[FFM]

Enye ingqiqo yindima yempucuko yezobupolitika kunye nokuzibophelela kwezentlalo. Imibutho yoluntu eqhankqalazayo yoMzantsi Korea kunye nemibutho yokuqhankqalaza isebenza njenge-check kumandla olawulo oluphezulu, kwanakwinkqubo yomongameli. Ikomkhulu lentlalo yeJapan kunye nemali yequmrhu elixhasayo igalelo eliphantsi labanyuli. Umanyano oluphezulu lwezopolitiko lweziko lwezopolitiko lukhuthaza ukupheka kwedemokhrasi.

Ucelomngeni Nethemba Lexesha Elizayo

Idemokhrasi nganye ijongene nocelomngeni oluthe ngqo oluvavanya ulawulo lwazo. UMzantsi Korea kufuneka ulawule ilifa lokungagqibeleli nokungahlangani kwezobupolitika ngeli xesha ithetha ngokungalingani kwezoqoqosho kunye nabemi abalupheleyo. IJapan ijongene noxinzelelo lwemali ekuhlaleni, imfuno yokusetyenziswa kwemali ekhoyo ekuhlaleni, kunye nemfuneko yokufumana utshintsho lwezorhwebo. ITaiwan iyakwazi ukukhangela isisongelo esiqhubekayo eTshayina, imfuneko yokulungelelanisa ukhuseleko nokukhulula kwezoqoqosho, kunye nolwahluko lwangaphakathi loburhulumente. Izakhiwo zolawulo ngokwazo zisenokufuna utshintsho: iSouth Korea ingacinga iinguqu-nkqubo ezisebenzayo ukuze inciphise ukunciphisa ukrwelelo-mali; i-mali eJapan ingafuneka i-colise i-coce i-coce inkqubo yayo yokulungisa i-coceka kwe-cosa-cosa i-consity.

Ukudityaniswa kwehlabathi kunye notshintsho lobugcisa kukwakho ucelomngeni oluxhaphakileyo. Ukungavumelani kwenkcazelo, ukwenziwa kwemigangatho yezentlalo, kunye nokukhukuliseka kwemigangatho yedemokhrasi kuxhalabisa kuwo onke amazwe amathathu. Unyuko lwepopulism, nangona lungakhuli njengaseNtshona, luye lwavela eMzantsi Korea naseTaiwan. Ukwanda okunxulumene nokukhula kwekhompyutha ephuma kwigalelo lekhompyutha kusenokuba kubangelwa yinkqubo esekelwe kuvumelaniso, kodwa kwakhona lukwanocelomngeni olusuka ekunene. Ukulondoloza uthelekelelo lukawonke-wonke, ukuqinisekisa ulwando olupheleleyo, kunye nokukhusela inkululeko yabemi kuya kufuna ukuhlaziselwa okuqhubekayo.

Isiphelo

Ulawulo-mthetho lwezolawulo-moya olumandundu-Mpuma Asia .Njengokuba umongameli waseMzantsi Korea, ulawulo lwepalamente yaseJapan, kunye nemithetho yentlalo yezangaphakathi yeTaiwan, inempembelelo enzulu kwibutho labo. Ezi zicwangciso ziphembelela uzinzo lwezopolitiko, ukuququzelelwa kwezentlalo-ntle, ubuchule boqoqosho, kunye nokuhambelana kwentlalo-ntle. Ngelixesha ilizwe ngalinye liphumele ukumanyaniswa okuphawulekayo kwedemokhrasi kunye nempumelelo yezoqoqosho, kwakhona zibambana neengxaki ezifuna ulawulo olulungeleleneyo. Ufundisi obuthelekisayo bezi nkqubo bunika izifundo eziluncedo kwezinye iidemokhrasi zezolawulo-demokhrasi eMpuma Asia. Njengoko ezi ntlalo ziqhubeka zisenza ulawulo-lawulo-ngalawule lwazo zihlala zikho ngokuchasana kwimpumelelo yabemi bazo.