Isiseko Sempembelelo Yedemokhrasi

I-odoli ingumsebenzi ophambili wedemokhrasi yabameli, inkqubo apho abemi babumba khona indlela yesizwe sabo, urhulumente, kunye noluntu. Xa ufaka ibholati, awukhethi nje igama ```_ubonisa ukhetho lwakho kwimigaqo, izinto eziphambili, nemilinganiselo emele ikhokele. Esi senzo sokuncedisa siqinisekisa ukuba urhulumente ufumana igunya lakhe ekuvumeni kwesizwe, njengoko kuchazwe kwizixhobo zesiseko samaxwebhu njenge-U.S. umGaqo-siseko. Kodwa abafaneleki abaninzi bahlala eqeshineni, ngokufuthi ngenxa yokuba abaqondi ngokupheleleyo indlela ivoti nganye eguqulela ngayo kwimiba ecacileyo. Ukuqonda oku kukwenza ukuvota ekuphumeni kwemilo ekusebenzeni kwenkonzo yezomthetho, ukutshintsha kwesixhobo esisebenzayo sokulungisa iiprojelo, ukuvota, ukuvota, ukurhoxa iingunda, ukuphatha iirhafu, ukuphatha iimfuno, ukuchaza iimfumba zemali ezikhoyo phakathi kwemibutho yorhulumente, ukuchaza imibandela yomanyano, nokuchaza imicimbi yorhulumente, ukuguqula imicimbi yobulungisa, ukuguqula imicimbi yobulungisa.

Ukubaluleka Kokwabelana Ngezinto

Ukuvota kungaphezulu kunomsebenzi wesizwe, kwaye kungumthombo woncedo nowokuhlola igunya lezobupolitika.

  • Igunya elinamandla: Abami abavotayo banempembelelo engqalileyo kubalawuli nangayiphi indlela. Uphando lubonisa ngokuqhubekayo ukuba abavoti baluva unxulumano olunamandla ngakumbi nabantu babo kwaye basengozini yokubandakanyeka kwezinye izinto zoburhulumente, njengokuya kwiintlanganiso zasesidlangalaleni okanye ukuvuma ngokuzithandela.
  • Ulwahlulo: lugqiba ukuba ngoluphi na unyulo oluza kusebenza njengeprojekti yonyulo. Noko ke, umelo aluzenzekelayo/amagosa akhethwe kufuneka alungelelanise ulwamkelo olwahlukeneyo lwee-accoms, kwaye umnyuli osele ekulungelelene kakuhle uxhotyiswe bhetele ukuba aphendule.
  • Ityala: unyulo oluthe rhoqo lunyanzela abo banegunya ukuba bathethelele izigqibo zabo. Xa amagosa engaphumeleli ukunikela ngezithembiso, abavoti bangawabuyisela. Lo mjikelo wokuziphendulela ungundoqo wokuthintela ukonakala nokungalawuleki.
  • [[FLT: 0] I-pariciation: Umvoti ophezulu uqinisa ukufaneleka korhulumente. Xa ingaphantsi kwesiqingatha sabemi abafanelekileyo bevoti, urhulumente ophumezayo akanakubonisa ukuthanda koninzi, nto leyo ekhokelela kwimigaqo enceda icandelo elimxinwa lebutho labantu.

Ungquzulwano lwembali lwe-suffgel `ukusuka ekuphelisweni kwemfuno yempahla kwinkulungwane ye-199 ukuya kuMthetho wamaLungelo weVoting Rights ka-1965 kunye nokuqhubeka kwemfazwe yokufikelela kwebhola (Phantsi komkhamo ongamashumi amabini unyulo olunzima lwale ndawo yasekunene. UMartin Luther King Jr. uvotelwa ngokuthi "sona sixhobo sinamandla singenabundlobongela sinaso kwidemokhrasi" Kumaxesha angoku, umvoti wovoti utshintshile ngokuphawulekayo. Umzekelo, 202020.S. unyulo lomongameli lwabona 66% we-popu yabemi bephosa i-ballot, umyingeno omphezulu kakhulu ukususela ngowe-1900, kodwa izigidi azizange zibe nenxaxheba. Ukuqonda izibo ezikhoyo kumgangatho ngamnye karhulumente kungakunceda ukuvala elo thuba.

Isalathisi somsebenzi wePhondo

Urhulumente kwinkoliso yedemokhrasi yenziwa yahlula imaleko emininzi, nganye ineembopheleleko ezahlukeneyo. Ukuvota kwakho kuneentsingiselo ezahlukeneyo kuxhomekeka ekubeni ukhetha umkhomishinala wephondo, ummisi-mthetho wesizwe, okanye ummeli wesizwe. Ukubona le mithetho kunceda ukukhomba apho inokuba nempembelelo enkulu khona.

Urhulumente Wangaphakathi

Urhulumente wasekuhlaleni yeyona ngqokelela ifikelelekayo nekhawulezileyo yolawulo. Iquka oomasipala, izikolo, isithili sesikolo, kunye neengingqi ezikhethekileyo (ezinjengamagunya amanzi okanye ezothutho). La maqela asingatha izigqibo ezibumba ubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla ngokungqalileyo kunawo nawuphi na omnye umgangatho:

  • Impatho ephakanyiswayo: Amagosa asekuhlaleni amisela imithetho yokuhlala, imali esetyenziswa ngamapolisa, izifundo zesikolo sikawonke-wonke, kunye nokugcinwa kwepaki. Umzekelo, ibhunga lesixeko elivoti kulawulo lwerente lingachaphazela ngokungqalileyo ukufumaneka kwemali kwingingqi yakho.
  • [[FLT: 0] Isivumelwano seCommunity: unyulo lwasekuhlaleni lusoloko lusiba nomvoti omncinci, ithetha ukuba ivoti nganye ithwala ubunzima obulinganayo. Ivoti enye kugqatso lwebhunga lesixeko ingagqiba ukhuphiswano ngevoti ezimbalwa.
  • [[FLT: 0] IiPolitiki zomsebenzi wobupolisa: Iinkqubo ezininzi zesizwe ezinempumelelo zivela kumgangatho wasekuhlaleni, njengehlabathi lonke iinkqubo zangaphambi komsebenzi okanye amanyathelo abanzi ebhanki. Ngokuvota endaweni yako, unceda uvavanyo ngezisombululo ezinokulingana.

Ngaphandle kokubaluleka konyulo lwasekuhlaleni, abavoti abaninzi abazihoyi. Ngokwe-data evela kwiprojekthi yokhetho lwase-U.S., bajika kunyulo oluqhelekileyo phakathi kwe-20% ne-30%. Lo msantsa unika ithuba eliphambili lokuba abavoti abanolwazi basebenzise impembelelo ephangaleleyo. Ukufunda ngabathathi-nxaxheba kunye namanyathelo okuchola, jonga iofisi yakho yengingqi okanye izinto ezingangeni kwicala lengingqi ezifana Vate11.

Urhulumente

Urhulumente unegunya elibalaseleyo kwiinkqubo ezichaphazela izigidi zabemi. Izindlu zowiso-mthetho zikarhulumente, iirhuluneli, namagosa aseburhulumenteni (njengeegqwetha kunye noonobhala besizwe) benza izigqibo:

  • [[NTLA:0] INgxowa-mali yoPhuhliso: Ama-United States amisela indlela enikwa ngayo izikolo, icwangcise imigangatho yohlelo, kwaye ilawule isiqinisekiso sokufundisa. Ukungalingani kwenkcitho yemfundo yengingqi yemo yezwe kungenza izithuba ezide zokuphumeza.
  • Ingeniso yemali epheleleyo: Ngolwandiso lweMedicaid kunye nolawulo lwe-inshorensi, oorhulumente bamazwe baphembelela ukuba inkathalo efikelelekayo ikhona kubemi abafumana imali ephantsi.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ulwandiso kunye nomthetho wesibonelelo: amasebe karhulumente olawulo lolwakhiwo lohambo lohola wohola wendlela, uthutho lukawonke-wonke, kunye nolungiso lwebrorho. Uvotelo lomgangatho wesizwe lungachaphazela ukuxinana kwezithuthi kunye nokhuseleko.
  • Imithetho yezomthetho yephondo ilawula ukugwetywa, uqheliselo lwamapolisa, kunye nenani lokuvalelwa. Inyathelo elithathwayo kwimixholo efana nokwenza umbantsho ube semthethweni okanye utshintsho lwamapolisa lisuka kumgangatho worhulumente.

Izindlu zowiso-mthetho zelizwe ziphinda zidwelise izithili zonyulo zombini zee-ofisi zelizwe nezorhulumente .A inkqubo enokusetyenziswa ngeGgerrymanidering. Xa izithili zitsalelwa ukuxhasa iqela elinye, abavoti abangaphandle kwalo iqela bangafumana impembelelo yabo edityanisiweyo. Oku kwenza ukuba unyulo lomgangatho wemeko kunyuso olubalulekileyo. Iintlangano ezifana ne Brennan Center yeJaji [ iredificity imigudu yokuguqula i-translate zenziwe ngayo i-ftioperation.

Urhulumente OsisiFrentshi

Urhulumente wesizwe nehlabathi lonke usingatha imicimbi. Unyulo lukaManyano-ntle lukhetha uMongameli, amalungu eNgqungquthela (Indlu yabameli neNdlu yeeNtlanganiso), kwaye, iijaji zephondo neejaji zeNkundla ePhakamileyo. Imimandla engundoqo ephenjelelwa yivoti karhulumente iquka:

  • Inkqubo yoMgaqo-nkqubo woMphathiswa: Izigqibo kwizivumelwano, kwisenzo somkhosi, kunye nezivumelwano zorhwebo lwezizwe ngezizwe zenziwa kumgangatho wesizwe. Ivoti yakho yeBhunga kunye noMongameli ilungisa indima yeMelika ehlabathini.
  • Ukungaguquguquki kwezoqoqosho: Urhulumente wesizwe ulawula uqingqo-mali lwesizwe, inkqubo yerhafu, uKhuseleko loluntu, kunye neMedicare. Ezi nkqubo zichaphazela ukukhuselwa umhlala-phantsi kunye nentlalo-ntle yemali yezigidi.
  • ICivil Rights Provilences:[ imithetho yoManyano efana noMthetho wamaLungelo oMgaqo-siseko, uMthetho wamaLungelo oMsebenzi, kunye namaMerika aneziphene anyanzeliswe ngamaqumrhu karhulumente. Iivoti zeBhunga ezigunyazisayo zimisela indlela le mithetho etolikwa ngayo kamashumi eminyaka.
  • Ummiselo wemo yezulu: I-Arhente yeNkundla yokusingqongileyo imisela imilinganiselo yomgangatho womoya namanzi, ukukhutshwa kwekharbon, kunye nokulahlwa kwenkunkuma okuyingozi. Umthetho womanyano olukwinguquko yemozulu unokuba neziphumo zomhlaba wonke.

Ngaphandle kwezinyuko eziphezulu, abavoti abaninzi baziva bekhululekile kwezobupolitika zorhulumente, beyijonga njengekude okanye eyonakalisiwe. Noko ke, umgaqo womelo uthetha ukuba ilungu ngalinye leCongress limele liphendule kwisithili esithile okanye kwiphondo elithile. Ukudibana nommeli wakho, ukuya kwiiholo zedolophu, kunye nokuvota konyulo lokuqala zizindlela zonke zokwenza ilizwi lakho liviwe kweli nqanaba. Kukhombo olubanzi, tyelela .gov/voting.

Indlela Ukuphamisa Okusebenza Ngayo

Ukuqalisa kokuvota kuye kwatshintsha ngokuphawulekayo, kodwa amanyathelo okuzinza ahlala engaguquki. Ukuqonda la manyathelo kuyanceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba ivoti yakho iyabalwa yaye ilizwi lakho liyabhaliswa.

Ubhaliso lweVoter

Ubhaliso lwe Voter lungumqobo wokuqala. Kumaphondo amaninzi ase-U.S., kufuneka ubhalise phambi kwexesha lonyulo iintsuku ezi-15 ukuya kwezingama-30 phambi komhla woNnyulo. Iimfuno zobhaliso ziyahluka: amanye amazwe avumela ukubhaliswa kosuku olunye, ngexa amanye efuna ilayisensi yokuqhuba okanye i-ID karhulumente. Amazwe amaninzi ngoku anika ubhaliso olukwi-intanethi, anika inkqubo. Ukuba uthulile okanye ulitshintshile igama lakho, hlaziya ubhaliso lwakho phambi kokuvota. Khangela ukuma kwakho ngeofisi yonyulo karhulumente wakho okanye usebenzise izixhobo ezifana ne-.

Iindlela zokusasaza

Ivota namhlanje ineenketho ezininzi zoku faka ibhola yabo yokudlala:

  • [[UMTL:0] KwiPronon ngomhla woNnyulo: ukuvota okungokwesithethe kwindawo yokuvota emiselweyo. Iiyure zohluka-hlukeneyo, kodwa uphando ludla ngokuvulwa kusasa de kube ngokuhlwa. Zilungiselele ukubonisa uchazo ukuba imeko yakho ifuna oko.
  • [[FLT: 0] Phambili kwiPerson Votion: Amazwe amaninzi anika amaxesha okuvota angaphambili, ngokufuthi iiveki eziliqela ngaphambi koSuku lokhetho. Oku kunciphisa izihlwele kwaye kunika ubhetyebhetye.
  • Iposi- Ngena okanye i Abree Ballots: Zonke irejista ivumela ukuvota kokungabikho kweposi ngenxa yezizathu ezithile, kodwa inani elandayo livumela ukuba ingavumeli ukubhaliswa kweposi- exhunyiweyo ekuvoteni. Iibhola kufuneka zibhaliswe ngexesha elimisiweyo, ngokufuthi ziphawulwe ngu-Ecomption Day. Iinkqubo zokuchola i-consotion zivumela ukuqwalasela ubume be-color's's.
  • [[UMTLL:0] Ibhokisi ze-Drop:[[FT:1] Iibhokisi zelaphu elikhuselekileyo zinika enye indlela elungileyo kwiposi. Zikhokelwa ngamagosa onyulo kwaye ziya ngokuba zininzi.

Uvotelo lweposi luye lwanda, ingakumbi emva konyulo lwama-2020 xa amazwe amaninzi andisa ukufikelela ngenxa yesifo esigqugqisayo. Inkxalabo ngokuqhatha ikhutshiwe kakhulu zizifundo ezininzi; iBrennan Center ifumanise ukuba isantya sokuqhatha siphakathi ko 0.00004% kunye no 0.099%. Kodwa ke, abavoti kufuneka balandele imiyalelo ngokuthe ngqo.(8) izijungqe zemali kufuneka zithelekise iirekhodi, kwaye iibhola kufuneka zifunyanwe ngexesha.

Ukuqinisekiswa

Emva kokuba uvote, inkqubo eneenyathelo ezininzi iqinisekisa ucoselelo. Amagosa okhetho aqinisekisa ubhaliso lomvoti, ajonge utyikityo kwiposi, aze aqhubeke uluvote ngomatshini wokudibanisa. Amazwe amaninzi afuna uphicotho-zincwadi okanye athathele ingqalelo kwimijaho esondeleyo. Ukuqonda le nkqubo kunganciphisa uloyiko malunga nengqibelelo kwaye kuqinisekise ukuthemba kwinkqubo. Ulwazi oluneenkcukacha ngokhuseleko lonyulo, bona oovimba abasuka ku [[FLT: 0].S.U.Evolution Conficision Commis [[FFLT:1]

Izithintelo Zokwabelana Ngentabalala

Nangona befuna ukuthunyelelwa indalo yonke, abantu baseMerika abaninzi badibana nemiqobo ethintela ukuvota kwabo. Ukuqonda le miqobo linyathelo lokuqala lokuzinqoba nokukhuthaza utshintsho.

Imithetho yeVoter

Kusukela kwisigqibo seNkundla ePhakamileyo yowama-2008 sokuxhasa umthetho we-Id engqongqo ka-Indiana, uninzi lwamazwe luye lwamisela iimfuno ezifanayo. Abaxhasi baphikisa ukuba ii-ID zithintela ukuqhatha; abachasi babonisa ukuba izigidi zabavoti abafanelekileyo (ikakhulukazi abafumana imali ephantsi, abambalwa, kunye nabemi abakhulileyo abafumana amaxwebhu. Ukuhlola [[FLT: 0]] [ACLU kubonisa ukuba imithetho engqongqo ye-ID inciphisa ukurhoxiswa kwe-injini ngokungenamsebenzi phakathi kwabavoti abambalwa. Amanye amatyala anika ii-ID zevoti zesisa, kodwa ukuyifumana kusenokufuna amaxwebhu afana neziqinisekiso zokuzalwa, ezibiza imali eninzi okanye ezinzima ukuyifumana.

Iinkupho zoFikelelo

Indawo zokuvota ezingokwasemzimbeni zingangenwa ngabantu abakhubazekileyo, ababekwe kude nothutho lukawonke-wonke, okanye abanemigca emide ethintela ukuvota emva komsebenzi. Imiqobo yolwimi ikwathintela abathethi abangeyosiNgesi. UMthetho woncedo lweMelika Vote (HIVA) ka-2002 ufuna iindawo zokuhlola ukubonelela ngezixhobo ezifikelelekayo kunye noncedo lolwimi, kodwa ukunyanzelisa kuyahluka. Iinqanawa ezineziphene neziphene zingacela ukuvota okanye zisebenzise oomatshini abafikelelekayo, kodwa ukuqaphela ezi zinto kuhlala kusezantsi.

Iimephu Zolwazi

Abavoti abaninzi abafanelekileyo abavoti kuba nje bengenalwazi: basenokungayazi indawo yokubhalisa, into ekuyo, okanye xa kuvela unyulo. Imilinganiselo enzima kunye nentlalo ezigwebayo zisoloko zidida abavoti. Iintlangano ze-Nonpartistan ezifana inikela iibhola kunye nenkcazelo eziyisampuli, kodwa asinguye wonke umntu ofikeleleka okanye onexesha lophando. Izikolo namaqela oluntu angenza indima ebalulekileyo ekuzaliseni lo msantsa ngokufumana iprojekthi.

Ukungavisisani Okungaqhelekanga

Kumaphondo amaninzi, abantu abagwetyelwe ukuphulukana namalungelo abo okuvota, ngokufuthi ngokusisigxina okanye ixesha elide. Oku kuchaphazela ngokungenakuthelekiswa nanto abantu abamnyama nabamhlophe ngenxa yokwahluka ngokwembali kwinkqubo yolwaphulo-mthetho. Amanye amazwe kutshanje aphinde awabuyisela amalungelo okuvota ngokuzenzekelayo ekukhululweni (umz., Maine, Vermont, kunye neWashington, D.C.), ngoxa amanye efuna ukuxolelwa okanye ukugqitywa kwe-parpole. Iprojekthi ye-Sevenmenting iqikelela ukuba amaMerika angaphezu kwama-4,6 ezigidi akhuphiswe ngenxa yokukholelwa kwityala le-fali. Avoctacy iyaqhubeka iqhubela phambili ekuguquleni utshintsho kumazwe nakumgangatho karhulumente.

Gerrymandering

Gerrymandering .Inkundla ePhakamileyo iphumele imida yesithili yokwabela iqela elinye,(idilunte amandla abavoti. Xa izithili zitsalelwa ukuqokelela abavoti kwisithili ezimbalwa okanye zisasazeke kancinane ngaphaya kweengingqi ezininzi, unyulo luba lunciphisana kwaye lungameleki kakhulu. INkundla ePhakamileyo iye yagqiba kwelokuba iGarrymaning ayiphuli, ishiya umbalelwano kwinkundla yetyala nemithetho yowiso-mthetho. Activicio akhuthaza iinkoms ukuba iinkonzo ezizimeleyo zifumanekelwe, ezikhoyo ngokwemeko njengeKhalifoni ne-Arizona. U Voters angaxhasa imibutho esebenzayo ukwenzela isithilithulo, enje [[FLT: 0] Isizathu se-Comsmon[FFF1]

Indima Yemfundo Ekuhambiseni Izinto

I-volotioteyi engolwazi ibalulekile kwidemokhrasi esebenzayo. Imfundo esemthethweni nengacwangciswanga — inika abemi ulwazi nobuchule bokucinga obufunekayo ukuvavanya abathathi-nxaxheba, ukuqonda amanyathelo okusebenza, nokuthatha inxaxheba ngokunempumelelo.

Ulwazi Oluyimbumba

Izikolo zinembopheleleko yokufundisa isakhiwo sikarhulumente, imbali yamalungelo okuvota, kunye nonyulo. Ngelishwa, abafundi abaninzi bagqiba izigqibo bengaqondi ukuba umthetho uba njani okanye yintoni ibhodi yesikolo yasekuhlaleni eyenzayo. Amazwe afuna izifundo zezemfundo zoluntu, njengeFlorida ne-Illinois, aye abona umvoti ophezulu. ICurricula equka iimfaniso (unyulo lonyulo loonobumba) okanye imisebenzi efundisa inkonzo edibanisa ingcamango yokusebenza.

Ukucinga Okubalulekileyo Nokufunda

Ukusingqongileyo kwale mihla kolwazi kuzele yinkcazelo ephosakeleyo, ukusuka kwiindaba zenkohliso ezimalunga neenkqubo zokuvota ukuya kwiingxelo ezinzulu. Abavota kufuneka bafunde ukuqinisekisa imithombo, ukuqaphela ikhethe, nokwahlula phakathi kwenyaniso noluvo. Iinkqubo zolwazi lokubhala nokubhala nokubhala ezidityaniswe kwizifundo zentlalo okanye zethala leencwadi, zifundisa obu buchule. Iintlangano ezifana ne [[FLT: 0]News Literacy Project project [[FLT: 1]] ibonelela abafundisi kunye neentsapho izinto eziluncedo ezifumaneka ngesisayo.

Inkcitho yoluntu

Imfundo yanda nangaphandle kwegumbi lokufundela. Imibutho yoluntu, amathala eencwadi, kunye namaziko onqulo angamkela iinjongo zokuvota, abavoti, kunye neentlanganiso zoshicilelo. Uvavanyo loonobumba ukuya kutsho kumsebenzi womsebenzi wokushicilela luye lwangqinwa lusebenza; xa ulutsha lukhuthazwa ukuba luvote ngabahlobo, lubonakala lusemngciphekweni omkhulu ukwenza oko. Iinkqubo ezithi isibini esitsha sivote kunye nabacebisi balunika uncedo zingayiphelisa inkqubo kwaye zakhe imikhwa engokwempilo.

Isiphelo

Ukuchaza nokumela akuzizinto ezingenakuchazwa . kwaye zizinto eziluncedo zokubumba ibutho labantu ohlala kulo. Unyulo ngalunye, ukusuka kwibhodi yedolophu encinane ukuya kumongameli, lunika ithuba lokuchaza amaxabiso akho nokufuna ukuphendula. Ngokuqonda imisebenzi eyahlukileyo yengingqi, urhulumente, uyakwazi ukujolisa amandla akho apho ibaluleke kakhulu khona. Ukukhupha imiqobo enjengemithetho ye-ID engqongqo, ukuswela ukufikelela, kwaye izithuba zolwazi zifuna isenzo esidibeneyo: ukuxhasa amalungelo okuvota, ukunyanzeleka kweendawo ezifikelelekayo, nokuzifundisa wena nabanye. Impilo yedemokhrasi ixhomekeke kububanzi nobunzulu bokuthabatha kwayo. Xa uvota, ubeka inkxa uxandumiso yabo balwayo ngoko kulungile, kwaye bathatha indawo yakho kwindawo yakho eqhubekayo. Ilizwi lakho alivakali nje indlela yokuzichaza.