Umqulu Ophilayo: Indlela Ukuhlaziywa KomGaqo-siseko Okubuchaphazela Ngayo Ubomi Banamhlanje BaseMerika

UMgaqo-siseko weUnited States umi njengenye yezona zicwangciso zihlala zihleliyo zorhulumente owakhe wadalwa. Ngonyaka wewaka linamakhulu asibhozo, yaseka inkqubo yokuhlola nokulinganisela, amagunya ahlukeneyo phakathi kwamasebe amathathu, kwaye yabeka isiseko seriphabliki elawulwa ngumthetho kunabantu. Kodwa abaseki baqonda ukuba akukho xwebhu olubhalwe ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-18 olunokulindela ukuba lonke ucelomngeni oluza kujamelana nalo. Kungenxa yoko bakha icebo lokutshintsha libe yilaphu lomGaqo-siseko: inkqubo ye-andement.

Kubemi abaqhelekileyo, utshintsho aluyonkani engokwasemthethweni ephikiswayo kwiiholo zemarble. Yimithetho eqinileyo egqiba ukuba ungathetha ingqondo yakho ngaphandle koloyiko lokuba ungabanjwa, nokuba urhulumente unokulikhangela ikhaya lakho ngokulinganayo na ngaphandle kosizathu. Ukuqonda oko kutshintshwayo kuthetha kona kwaye indlela esebenza ngayo kubomi bemihla ngemihla kuguqula umGaqo-siseko ukusuka kwisixhobo esikude sembali sokukhusela amalungelo akho. Eli nqaku linciphisa inkqubela phambili, lihlola eyona inguqulelo ibalulekileyo kuxwebhu lokuqala, kwaye lichaza indlela ezi nguqu ezi zinto eziqhubeka ngayo zibumba inkululeko neembopheleleko zabo bonke abantu baseMerika.

Injongo Yokuhlaziywa

Inkqubo yokulungisa isebenza injongo ezimbini: ivumela umGaqo-siseko ukuba ulungelelanise neemeko ezitshintshayo ngeli xesha wenza utshintsho lwamabomu, olunentsingiselo olunzima ngokwaneleyo ukunqanda ukukhawuleza okanye utshintsho olungacaci kakuhle. Phantsi kweGatya V, ukulungisa kufuna intlukwano ezimbini ezithathu kwizindlu zombini okanye indibano ebizwe ziindlu zowiso-mthetho ezibini ezizii-3 zephondo, ezilandelwa kukudityaniswa ngamacandelo amathathu ahlukeneyo. Lo mqobo uqinisekisa ukuba inkxaso eqhubekayo iba yinxalenye yomgaqo-siseko.

Izinyusi zidla ngokuwa kwimigaba emithathu. Udidi lokuqala lunyusa inkululeko yomntu ngamnye kunye nesicelo sokukhusela urhulumente ekuphathweni. IBhili yamaLungelo ̬ eyokuqala elishumi i-antements R ikhupha olu hlobo, iqinisekisa inkululeko yokuthetha, unqulo, ishicilela, indibano, kunye nesicelo, kunye nokukhusela ukuphehlwa okungekho ngqiqweni nokuxhwaleka, ukuzilungisa ngokwakho, nesohlwayo esingaqhelekanga. Udidi lwesibini lulungisa iimpazamo zokwakha okanye ukushiya uxwebhu lokuqala. Umvandenzelo lweshumi elinesithathu lokuphelisa ubukhoboka, ingxengxenge-ekileyo, i-ethelela isiqinisekiso sokukhuselwa komthetho, kunye nokukhuselwa kwe-199 kwento efuna amabhinqa ukuba avote zonke iintetho ezisisiseko zomGaqo-siseko okanye udidi lwe-Tweldermerced procent.

Kubemi, isiphumo esisebenzisekayo salo naluphi na ulungiso kukuguqula umda phakathi kwegunya likarhulumente kunye nenkululeko yomntu ngamnye. Xa ufaka uluvo kumaziko eendaba oluntu, uqhelisela ilungelo elikhuselwe yiSihlaziyo sokuqala. Xa ufaka intengiso yocalucalulo, ufaka igalelo olulinganayo lwengxelo yokhuseleko lwe 144 Demence. Xa uphosa ibholata, ungenelwa kwishumi elinesihlanu, ishumi elinesithoba, ishumi elinesithoba-Fourth, kunye neSigqibo sokuHlalisa, nto leyo iqinisekisa ukuba ilungelo lokuvota alinakukhanyelwa kwizizinzi zohlanga, isini, ubutyebi, okanye ubudala (kubemi abali-18 nabadala).

IBhili Yamalungelo: IMimiselo Yokuqala Elishumi Nentsingiselo Yayo Yosuku Lonke

UMthetho Wokuqala Ohlaziyiweyo: Isiseko Sokuthetha Ngenkululeko

ISichithi soQoqo-nkqubo soQoqo-qhinga salela ukuba iBhunga elingalwenzi naluphi na umthetho ophathelele ukusekwa konqulo, ukunqanda ukusetyenziswa kwalo ngokukhululekileyo, okanye ukuphelisa inkululeko yokuthetha, amaphephandaba, ilungelo lokuhlanganisana ngoxolo, okanye ilungelo lokucela urhulumente ukuba alungise izikhalazo. Kubemi abaqhelekileyo, oku kuthetha ukuba ungakwazi ukuqhelisela ukholo lwakho (okanye akukho namnye), ukugxeka amagosa anyuliweyo, ukunikela ingxelo ngemibandela ephikisana, ukuhlanganisana nabantu abanolwayo, kwaye ucele urhulumente ukuba aphendule inkxalabo yakho ngaphandle kokoyika ukuziphindezela.

Ukusetyenziswa kwale mihla kweSihlaziyo Sokuqala kudlulela ngaphaya koko abasunguli bebenokukucinga. Ukukhusela ukuthetha kubandakanya yonke into, imiqondiso yezopolitiko kwimida yakho, ukuqhankqalaza ezitratweni, ukuchaza ngekhompyutha, ukuchaza ubugcisa, ukuchaza ulawulo lwezobugcisa. Kodwa, uHlomelo Lokuqala aluphelelanga ngokupheleleyo. INkundla Ephakamileyo iqaphele ukuba akukho nanye ikhethe likhoyo lokunyelisa, ukuphembelela ugonyamelo, ukuhlazisa, ukusongela, nokusongela okuyinyaniso. Ukuqonda imida yentetho ekhuselweyo kunceda abemi bazi xa amalungelo abo echasiwe naxa urhulumente eqhuba igunya lakhe.

UMthetho Ohlaziyiweyo Wesine: Ukukhuselwa Kuphando Olungekho Mthethweni Nokungaqiqiyo

UMthetho weSine Wommisi-nkqubo othintela ukuphanda okungekho ngqiqweni nokuxhuzula ngokufuna ukuba umthetho unyanzelise ukuba ufumane isiqinisekiso esisekelwe kwisizathu esinokwenzeka ngaphambi kokuphendla ikhaya lakho, imoto okanye iziphumo zobuqu. Olu khuselo luchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukunxibelelana namapolisa, ukhuseleko lonxibelelwano lwezingcingo, kunye nokhuseleko lwempahla yakho. Kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje, iinkundla ziye zaxhathisa ngendlela uLawulo lwesine olusebenza ngayo kubugcisa obutsha ̬ ukusukela ekuthunyeliseni ingcingo kwiseli kwindawo ekuyo i-cell egcina ulwazi olugcinwe efihlweni.

Kummi oqhelekileyo, uHlaziyo lweSine luthetha ukuba amapolisa akanakungena ekhaya lakho ngaphandle kwemvume okanye ngaphandle kweemeko ezichaphazelekayo. Kuthetha ukuba ukuma kweenqwelo-mafutha kufuna ukukrokra okusengqiqweni, nokuba ubungqina obufunyanwa ngokuphanda okungekho mthethweni bungakhutshwa ekuchongeni. Utshintsho lukwayila amathemba okhuseleko oluyimfihlo kwimeko enjengendawo yesikhululo senqwelo-moya, uvavanyo lweziyobisi emsebenzini, kunye neenkqubo zokuhlola urhulumente. Ukungawazi ngeMithetho-Mphetho wesi-D5 kunceda abemi baqonde oko banokukulindele ngokusengqiqweni ukukukhusela kwimicimbi yabo.

IziHlanziso Zesihlanu Nezesithandathu: Ubulungisa kwiNkqubo Yezobulungisa Yezaphuli - mthetho

IsiHlanziso sesihlanu sinikela inkxaso ekuzikhuseleni kwityala elikhawulezileyo (ilungelo lokuhlala uthulile), iingozi eziphindiweyo (ukuzanywa kabini ngenxa yolwaphulo-mthetho olunye), nokuncitshiswa kobomi, inkululeko, okanye impahla ngaphandle kwenkqubo efanelekileyo yomthetho. IsiHlanziso seSithandathu siqinisekisa ilungelo lokuvavanywa ngokukhawuleza nakuwonke wonke yinkundla yabachopheli-mthetho abangakhethi cala, ilungelo lokujamelana namangqina, kunye nelungelo lokululekwa ngokusemthethweni.

Kubemi, la malungelo athetha ukuba ukuba ubanjwa, akunyanzelekanga ukuba uphendule imibuzo ngaphandle kwegqwetha elikhoyo. Unelungelo lokuvavanywa ngexesha elifanelekileyo, ungabuphikisa ubungqina obuchasa kuwe, kwaye ukuba awunakukwazi ukunikela igqwetha, elinye liza kunikelwa ngeendleko zikawonke-wonke. Isilumkiso seMiranda i̬ sinelungelo lokuhlala uthulile. Nantoni na otheyakuthi isenokusetyenziswa ngokuchasene nawe enkundleni.. I̬ ngumsebenzi othe ngqo wesiBhodi sesihlanu neSithandathu soMmiselo-mende ekumele amapolisa ayifunde phambi kokuncinwa kwegunyazwa.

Ukuhlaziywa Kwesi - 8: Ukukhuselwa Kwisohlwayo Esinenkohlakalo

ISihlaziyiso sesibhozo sikwalela ukusetyenziswa kwebheyile egqithisileyo, ukuhlawuliswa ngokugqithiseleyo, isohlwayo esigqithisileyo nesingaqhelekanga. Eli lungiselelo lichaphazela izenzo zokugwetywa, ukuvalelwa, nokusetyenziswa kweentlobo ezithile zesohlwayo. Iinkundla zitolike iSihlaziyo sesibhozo ekuthinteleni isohlwayo esichaseneyo nolwaphulo-mthetho, esichasene nemilinganiselo egqwethekileyo egqwethekileyo, okanye ebandakanya ukuphatha iintlungu okungeyomfuneko nengenalusini.

IziHlanziso Zokwakha: Ukunciphisa Ubumi Nokulingana

Uhlaziyo Lwe - 13: Ukuphela Kobukhoboka

Ngokungafaniyo nokungalungisi okuninzi okubekwe imiqathango kugunyaziswa igunya likarhulumente, uMphengululo weshumi elinesithathu usebenza ngokungqalileyo kwihambo yangasese, uthintela nawuphi na umntu ukuba abe likhoboka lomnye. Impembelelo yayo kubemi abaqhelekileyo yayikhawulezile kwaye inzulu, ikhulula abantu abamalunga nezigidi ezine abakhotyokiswe yaye iseka isiseko esisemthethweni sebutho labantu abakwimeko ekhululekileyo kunokuba libandakanyeke.

Ngoxa isindululo esisemthethweni sobukhoboka saphela ngowe-1865, iLifa leSiHlaziyo seshumi elinesithathu liyaqhubeka libumba iingxoxo ngokusetyenziswa ngokunyanzelisayo ezintolongweni, ukurhwebelana kwabantu, kunye neentlobo zobukhoboka zale mihla. Utshintsho luquka ukukhetha ubukhoboka obungeyomfuneko "njengesohlwayo solwaphulo-mthetho apho iqela ligwetyelwe ngokufanelekileyo," esiye sakhokelela kwingxoxo eqhubekayo engokwasemthethweni nenkqubo engomsebenzi wentolongo.

Uhlaziyo Lweshumi Elinane: Ukhuseleko olulinganayo nenkqubo elindelekileyo

Uhlaziyo lweshumi elinesine, olwavunywa ngowe-1868, luyinguquko ephambili ebangelwa yimpembelelo yalo kubemi abaqhelekileyo. Ulungiselelo lwalo olungundoqo luquka i-Claus (ukwabela bonke abantu abazalwe okanye abadaliweyo eUnited States), i-Uctive Programme Claus (umthetho ogunyazisayo wokungamniki nabani na umntu ubomi, inkululeko, okanye impahla ngaphandle kwenkqubo efanelekileyo yomthetho), kunye noKhuselo olulinganayo luka-Claus (ukhuseleko olukhoyo olulungiselelwe abantu bonke abalawulwa ngumthetho).

Kubemi, uHlaziyo lweshumi elinesine lusisiseko esisemthethweni samalungelo amaninzi abawathatha lula. INkundla Ephakamileyo iye yasebenzisa i-Access Procession ukusebenzisa inkoliso yeBhili yamaLungelo kumaphondo ngendlela eyaziwa njengeenkokeli ze-̬ ithetha ukuba urhulumente kunye noorhulumente wasekuhlaleni kufuneka bahlonele inkululeko yakho yokuLungisa iSigqibo Sokuqala, ukhuseleko lwesine, namanye amalungelo omgaqo-siseko kanye njengoko urhulumente karhulumente kufuneka asebenzise. Ukhuseleko lwe-Classiste Clauslee luye lwaba sisiseko seesigqibo samalungelo oluntu, kuquka [[FLT: 0]] brown v. iBroads.[FLD][FLD 1] [195] [195] [195] umtshato ofanayo.[5]

Kwakhona uHlaziyo lweshumi elinesine lukhusela ilungelo lokuhamba, ilungelo lokutshata, ilungelo lokukhulisa abantwana bakho, kunye nezinye iinkululeko ezisisiseko. Kubemi abaqhelekileyo, ngumnatha wokhuseleko olawulwa ngumGaqo-siseko oqinisekisa ukuba amazwe akanakuphatha abantu ngokuthanda okanye ngokungenamkhethe, enoba kusemfundoni, emsebenzini, kwindlu, okanye ekungeneleni kwiinkonzo zikawonke wonke.

Uhlaziyo Lweshumi elinesihlanu: Ukunika Zonke Iintlanga Amalungelo

ISihlaziyo seshumi elinesihlanu, esavunywa ngowe-1870, salela oorhulumente borhulumente noorhulumente ukuba bangalikhanyeli okanye banciphise ilungelo lokuvota ngenxa yesizwe, ibala, okanye imeko yobukhoboka ngaphambili. Kumadoda aseAfrika, olu tshintsho lwamela idinga elisemthethweni lokuthabatha inxaxheba kwezobupolitika. Kulo hlanga, lwamisela umgaqo wokuba amalungelo okuvota angafanele axhomekeke kuhlanga.

Noko ke, uMphengululo weshumi elinesihlanu awuzange uluphelise ucalucalulo lobuhlanga ekuvoteni. Malunga nenkulungwane emva kokuqhambuka kweBhunga, amazwe aseMazantsi asebenzisa iimvavanyo zobugqwirha, iirhafu, iirejista, iirejista zootato, kunye nezoyikiso logonyamelo lokuphelisa abemi abaMnyama abamnyama. Yathabatha iVoting Rights Actal ̬ yasebenza phantsi kolawulo lomthetho weKhomishini yokugunyazisa iPhinda iPhinda i-& 812; ukuphelisa ngokunempumelelo le miqobo. Namhlanje, iSinyuso seshumi elinesihlanu soLawulo lwe-Protovotalksi sisane, nezenzo ezithe zanento ezithi zichaphazele ngokugqithisyo ngokukhudlukileyo kwabasebenzi abacululeki-voti.

IXesha Eliqhubekayo NeziHlanzi Zale Mihla: Ukwandisa Ulawulo - melo

Uhlaziyo Lweshumi Nesithandathu: Irhafu yengeniso yeFederal Infictor

ISichithi soHlaziyo seSinyakatho-mali, esagunyaziswa ngowe-1913, iBhunga eligunyazisiweyo lokuhlawula irhafu yengeniso ye-levy ngaphandle kokwabelana ngayo phakathi kwabemi ngokwemiba yabemi. Kubemi abaqhelekileyo, olu tshintsho luchaphazela inkcitho yobuqu, njengoko irhafu yengeniso yesizwe ingumthombo oyintloko wengeniso karhulumente kunye neenkqubo zemali ezisuka kwiSocial Security and Medicataires ukuya kukhuseleko lwesizwe nesiseko sesizwe. Ukuqonda iSindululo seSihlalo seSine seSine-Agamenth sinceda abemi baqonde isiseko seembopheleleko zerhafuzo zerhafu kunye nemiqatha yerhafu yeBhunga.

Ukuhlaziywa kweZimilo: Unyulo Oluthe ngqo lwabaGqinisi

Phambi kweSeventeth Amendment, eyagunyaziswa ngo-1913, iziHlamli ze-U.S. zazikhethwe ziindlu zowiso-mthetho zikarhulumente kunokuba zikhethwe ngabavoti abaqhelekileyo. Le sigqibo sasusa ukhetho lwabameli ngqo kubavoti, senza iNdlu yeSizwe iphendule ngakumbi kunyulo. Kubemi, uLawulo lweSevententh luthetha ukuba omagumbi omabini eBhunga i— iNdlu yeeNdlu zabameli neNdlukwano ̬ imele ukuvota abacholi ngokungqalileyo, inika abantu abaqhelekileyo ilizwi elithe ngqo ekulawuleni urhulumente.

Uhlaziyo Lweshumi elinesithoba: Ushenxiso lwamabhinqa

ISinyuso seshumi elinesithoba, esavunywa ngowe-1920, salela oorhulumente besizwe noorhulumente ukuba bangavumi ukuvota ngesizathu sesini. Kumabhinqa, oku kulungiswa kwaphinda-phindeka kabini ukunyulwa kwamabhinqa yaye ekugqibeleni kwamkela ubumi bawo obupheleleyo bezobupolitika emva kwenkulungwane yomthetho-mthetho. Kubo bonke abemi, uMthetho weSikhundla weSithoba seSithoba wagxininisa umgaqo wokuba ilungelo lokuvota lilungelo elisisiseko elingenakuthintelwa ngokwesini.

Namhlanje, ilifa loMchiza weshumi elinesithoba lidlulela ngaphaya kokukhetha imiba ebanzi yokulingana kwendoda nendoda emsebenzini, kwimfundo, nakubomi babantu bonke. Nangona ukulungisa kungaqinisekisi ngokucacileyo amalungelo alinganayo ngaphandle kokuvota, kwanika isiseko somGaqo-siseko sokuphuhlisa amalungelo amabhinqa, kuquka i-Act e-Acimistial Pail Act, iSihloko se-IX, kunye ne-Drencancrease Act.

Uhlaziyo lwamashumi amabini anesine: Ukukhuthaza irhafu

Uhlaziyo lwamashumi amabini anesine, olwagunyaziswa ngowe-1964, lwalela iNgqungquthela kunye namazwana ukuba avume ilungelo lokuvota kunyulo lwerhafu yerhafu okanye kwenye irhafu. Kubemi abahlawulwa phantsi, ngokukodwa kubemi base-Afrika eMzantsi, irhafu yokuvota yayingumqobo obalulekileyo ekuvotelweni. Intengiso yaqinisekisa ukuba imeko yezoqoqosho ayinakusetyenziswa njengemfanelo yokuthabatha inxaxheba kwezobupolitika kunyulo lwamagunya. Kamva, iNkuNkundla ePhakamileyo yandisa lo mgaqo kurhulumente ngokhetho ngokhuseleko lwe-Octal Claske.

Uhlaziyo lwama-20: Ukuthotywa kweNkcubeko

Uhlaziyo lwamashumi amabini anesithandathu, olwagunyaziswa ngo-1971, lwathoba iminyaka yokuvota ukuya kwi-18 kuwo onke amazwe, urhulumente, kunye nonyulo lwasekuhlaleni. Oku kukhuthazwa kakhulu yi-Vietnam War̵ apho iiminyaka eli-18 ubudala zayalelwa ukuba zilwe kodwa azinakuvota iinkokeli ezibathumele emfazweni i̬ ukupheliswa kwabonisa umgaqo wokuba abo bathwala imithwalo yobumi kufuneka bawanelise amalungelo abo apheleleyo. Kubantu abaselula, iA2-Sixth Amendmends kunikwa amandla ezobupolitika kunye nesikhumbuzo sokuba ukubonda komthetho kufuneka baqale ukubumba indlela yelizwe kudala.

Indlela Ukuhlaziywa Kwemichiza Okubachaphazela Ngayo Abemi Kubomi Bemihla Ngemihla

Ukwazi Amalungelo Akho Kwiimeko Eziqhelekileyo

Ukuqonda utshintsho lomgaqo-siseko kunika abemi amandla okuqonda xa amalungelo abo ehlonelwa naxa esenokuphulwa. Cinga ngezi zinto ziqhubekayo:

  • [[NTL:0] Ukuqinisekisa ngokugcinwa komthetho. Imida yoMphetho-mda wesine iphengululo iphengululwa, uHlaziyo lwesihlanu lukhusela ukungazidibanisi, kwaye uHlomelo lweSithandathu luqinisekisa ukufikelela kwigqwetha. Ukwazi ukuba unelungelo lokuhlala uthulile kwaye unelungelo lokungavumi ukuphendwa ngaphandle kwemvume yekhaya lakho okanye isithuthi kunokuthintela iingxaki ezingeyomfuneko.
  • Ukucinezela iimbono emsebenzini okanye ekuhleni. Uhlaziyo Lokuqala lukhusela ilungelo lakho lokuthetha kwimicimbi yoluntu, kodwa abaqeshi abazimeleyo abanyanzelekanga kuMgqibo Wokuqala ngendlela efanayo norhulumente. Ukuqonda olu mahluko kunceda abemi bafumane amalungelo okuthetha ngokukhululekileyo ngokweemeko ezahlukeneyo.
  • Ukuvota kunyulo. Ukhuseleko lweshumi elinesihlanu, lweshumi elinesithoba, lweshumi elinesithoba, nolwesi-20-Fourth Lo Amenzisimente zidityaniswe kunye ziqinisekisa ukuba ilungelo lokuvota alinakuvalwa ngokusekelwe kuhlanga, isini, ingeniso, okanye ubudala (boli-18 nangaphezulu). Ukwazi ezi zikhusela kunceda abemi basekuhlaleni ukuba baqonde baze bavavanye imingcele yokuvota.
  • Isebe lokunika uncedo neendawo zokuhlala. ISinyusi- Amereka seshumi elinesine soKhuselo olulinganayo luka-Claus silwalela ucalucalulo ngurhulumente kunye noorhulumente basekuhlaleni. Olu khuselo ludlulela kwizikolo zikawonke-wonke, kwizithuthi zikawonke-wonke, kwiinkundla, nakwezinye iinkonzo zikarhulumente, ukuqinisekisa unyango olulinganayo kungakhathaliseki ukuba luluphi uhlanga, ubufanasini, okanye ezinye iimpawu ezikhuselweyo.

Ukuba Nenxaxheba Kwinkqubo Yezobupolitika

IziHlaliso kuMgaqo-siseko ziye zandisa umgangatho womntu onokuba nenxaxheba kwidemokhrasi yaseMerika nendlela anokukwenza ngayo oko. Abami bangabandakanyeka kwinkqubo yezopolitiko ngokuvota, ngokubalekela isikhundla, ngokuya kwiintlanganiso zikawonke-wonke, ngokuqhagamshelana nabameli abanyuliweyo, kunye nokulungelelanisa nabanye ukuxhasa izinto abazikholelwayo. Le nkqubo yokulungisa ngokwayo iyisixhobo sokuba abemi banyanzelise utshintsho: ukupheliswa komGaqo-siseko kufuna ukuququzelelwa okuqhubekayo kwezobupolitika, njengoko kubonakala kwimibutho yotshintsho lwamabhinqa, amalungelo oluntu, kunye nokhetho lweminyaka yobusela.

Ukuqonda inkqubo yokulungisa kunceda abemi balapha baqwalasele utshintsho olucetyiswayo kumGaqo-siseko. Xa abameli befuna ukutshintshwa okutsha kwemigaqo-nkqubo ̬ ukuba bathethe ngephulo lokulungisa izimali, amalungelo emipu, ukuqhomfa, okanye iElectoral College ̬ i-citizens bangahlola ukuba utshintsho olucetyiswayo luhambelana na nemigaqo-siseko nokuba ludibana na nesixhobo esiphezulu esinguMgaqo-siseko V esiqalisayo. Olu lwazi lukhuthaza ingxoxo yezentengiso ezithe kratya zemali, ukuqhotyosa abahla phakathi kwemigaqo-siseko enzulu kunye nezenzo zezopolitiki zomfuziselo.

Ukuzama Ukutshintsha Ngemijelo Engokwasemthethweni Neyopolitiko

UMgaqo-siseko unika abemi amathuba amaninzi okuxhasa utshintsho kwinkqubo yomthetho kunye nenkqubo. Ukongeza kwinkqubo yokulungisa ngokusemthethweni, abemi bangasebenza ngeNkomfa ukudlulisela imimiselo echazayo nesebenzisa imigaqo yomgaqo-siseko, ngeendlu zowiso-mthetho zikarhulumente ukumisela imithetho ephantsi kolawulo lwabo, nangeenkundla ukucel ’ umngeni imithetho echasene namalungelo omGaqo-siseko. Uninzi lwamalungelo abalulekileyo omgaqo-siseko akakhange afikele ngokulungisa kodwa ngezigqibo zeNkundla ePhakamileyo echaza amalungiselelo omgaqo-siseko.

Umzekelo, ilungelo lokutshata kungakhathaliseki indlela yesini yamiselwa ngenkqubo yoMgqibelo we-14th weSindululo kunye noKhuselo olulinganayo luka-Claus obergefell v. Hodges (2015], kungengenxa yendlela entsha yokuphelisa uhlolo. Ilungelo lokuthintela ukuthintela ukukhawula laqalwa [[FLT:]]]Grislold v. Connecticut[ [1965]]) ngemfundiso yemfihlo ye-mGwaraclathi. Icebiso elisemthethweni lokungamele abagwebi limiselwe ku-[FLT]. v [FLT] [FLT] [5] [196] ukuya kwi-66] kunye ne-Genedictionment. Le migaqo-mthetho inguqumgalelo-mthetho ibonakalisa ngokugweba ngokweedezo ezigwegwegwegwegwegwegwegwegwegwegwe

Ukuhlonela Amalungelo Abanye

Idemokhrasi yomgaqo-siseko ayifuni nje kuphela ukuba abemi bazi amalungelo abo kodwa bawahlonele amalungelo abanye. UMthetho wokuqala wokuHlaziya ukhusela intetho abantu abaninzi abayifumanisa ihlazo okanye ingafanelekanga i̬ kuquka ukuqhankqalaza kwezobupolitika, iintetho zonqulo, neembono ezingathandwayo. UMthetho-Myezo wesine ukhusela abantu, kwanabo barhanelwa ukwenza okubi. UMthetho-Myezo-siseko ukwalela isohlwayo esinenkohlakalo nesothusangaqhelekanga, kwanabo bagwetywa ngolwaphulo-mthetho olunzulu. Ukuqondwa ngokungqongqo kwemithetho-mthetho kubandakanya ukuvuma ukuba ezi zikhuselwa kubo bonke abantu, kungekuphela kwabo uvumelana nabo uyavuma.

Kubemi, oku kuthetha ukuba nenxaxheba ekuthetheni ngoluntu kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo, ukuhlonela iinkolelo zonqulo zabamelwane, ukuvumela ukuqhankqalaza koxolo kwanaxa ungavumelani nesigidimi, nokuxhasa impatho esesikweni kubo bonke abantu kwinkqubo yobulungisa yolwaphulo-mthetho.

Isiphelo

UMgaqo-siseko waseUnited States kunye nokulungiswa kwawo akuyomivukelo evalelweyo kumathala eencwadi okanye kwimigaqo engekho ngqiqweni ephikiswayo ephikiswayo ngamagqwetha nabagwebi. Yimithetho ephilayo elawula ulwalamano phakathi korhulumente nabalawulwayo, echaza umlinganiselo wenkululeko yomntu ngamnye kunye nemida yegunya likarhulumente. Kubemi abaqhelekileyo, ukutshintsha okuqhelekileyo kuthetha ukuqonda amalungelo owasebenzisayo yonke imihla, xa uthetha ingqondo yakho, qhelisela ukholo lwakho, khontswa, okanye ugunyaze ulwe ukhuseleko lwakho nxamnye nolwaphulo-mthetho.

Inkqubo yokulungisa, nangona kunzima ngokuyilwa, ibonisa ukuba umGaqo-siseko luxwebhu olunamandla olunokukhula nokulungiswa. Ngaphezu kweenkulungwane ezimbini, amaMerika aye asebenzisa le nkqubo ukuphelisa ubukhoboka, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko olulinganayo, ukwandisa ulawulo, nokucombulula iimeko zikarhulumente. Ulungiso ngalunye lumela isigqibo esidityanisiweyo ngohlobo lohlanga esifuna ukulufumana.

Ngokufunda ngezilungiso zomgaqo-siseko, abemi bazixhobisa ukuba babe nenxaxheba ngokunempumelelo kubomi boluntu, baqonde baze bakhusele amalungelo abo, baze bagcine urhulumente ephendulile kwimigaqo yenkululeko nokusesikweni equlethwe ngumGaqo-siseko. UmGaqo-siseko ngabantu, kwaye ukulungisa kwawo zizixhobo abantu abaye babumba ngazo baza baqhubeka bebumba ikhondo ledemokhrasi yaseMerika.

Ukufundwa okubhekele phaya ngembali kunye nempembelelo yokulungisa umGaqo-siseko, tyelela [[FLT: 0] iphepha logcino-lwazi lohlanga kumaxwebhu asisiseko omthombo, umGaqo-siseko oNxibelelwano woMgaqo-siseko wesizwe [ ukwenzela uhlalutyo lolwazi, kunye [[FLT:]] neZiko lolwazi lweSikolo soMthetho weCornell wombhalo opheleleyo oneenkcazelo.