Ukuqonda Iibhodi Zasekuhlaleni: Ulawulo loluntu

Iibhodi zasekuhlaleni zii-injini ezingalawulekiyo zokwenza izigqibo zoluntu. Zivala umsantsa phakathi korhulumente kamasipala nabemi abasebenzayo. Ngeli xesha amabhunga esixeko kunye namaqumrhu ephondo efumana eyona ngxelo yosasazo, iibhodi zoluntu ziphatha iinkqubo ezimanyeneyo ezibumba ubomi bemihla ngemihla: ezo zipaki zifumana inkxaso-mali, ezo zifundiswayo, apho kuvunyelwa khona inkqubela, nendlela ukhuseleko lukawonke-wonke wonke olulungelelaniswe ngayo. Ukuzibophelela ngenye yezi ziqumrhu zezona ndlela zichaphazelekayo zokuphembelela imekobume ekufuphi nawe.

Iibhodi zisebenza njengezixhobo zokwahlula okanye zokwenza izigqibo, kuxhomekeke kulawulo. Umzekelo, [[FLT:] ibhodi yophando kwaye iveze uncomo lwamagosa anyuliweyo. Iibhodi zokwenza izigqibo zinegunya lokwamkelwa okanye lokukhanyela imvume, ukucwangcisa uqingqo-mali, okanye ukuthatha imithetho. Ukuqonda olu mahluko lubalulekileyo phambi kokuba usebenzise. Umzekelo, [[FLT:] ibhodi yokumisa nokubeka ibhodi [[FLT:]] [iikscreaderss, ngelists zokugqibela, ngelixa ibhodi yokuzonwabisa isithintela ibhunga kwibhulorho.

Uludwe lweebhodi zasekuhlaleni lubanzi kunokuba abantu abaninzi becinga. Ngaphaya kwezintlanu zidweliswe kwinqaku lokuqala, uluntu lusoloko lunogada iibhodi:

  • Iikhomishini zogcino lwezibonelelo ezihlola utshintsho kwizakhiwo eziphawulweyo
  • Abaphathi be-Airport abalawula izikhundla zohambo lwengingqi
  • [[UMTL:0] Water kunye neebhodi zamanzi alahlwayo zokulawula amaqondo esibonelelo kunye nezibonelelo
  • Iibhodi zethala leencwadi ukumisela iinkqubo kunye noqingqo-mali kumathala eencwadi kawonke-wonke
  • amagunya okunika imvume ukubopha iinkqubo zezindlu ezingafikelelekiyo
  • Imisebenzi ye- iyagunyazisa ukubonakala nemithetho yempikiswano
  • Ikomiti yokwazisa esebenza namasebe othutho lwengingqi

Ibhodi nganye ifuna ubuchule obuthile, kodwa yamkelekile kakhulu kubemi abathenjiweyo abazimisele ukufunda. Iibhodi ezininzi zihlala kwindawo evulekileyo ngokukhethekileyo kubemi abangenazo iimvelaphi ezingoogxa babo, kuba bezisa iimbono ezintsha. Ngokutsho kwe Internationaltical City/Collegiated Management Association (ICMA)[FLM], ezona ziqukeko zisebenzayo ziquka umxube wengxube-iii-iiimpatho kunye namalungu aqhelekileyo ebutho.

Indlela Ibhodi Enokungena Ngayo Kumhlaba Ophezulu

Iibhodi zengingqi zingaphakathi kwe-web yemibutho karhulumente. Zenziwe ngokwesiqhelo sisixeko okanye umthetho wengingqi, ochaza amandla awo, ubuninzi bentlanganiso, ubude, kunye nezimvo zamalungu. Ezinye iibhodi zigunyaziswa ngumthetho karhulumente; ezinye zisekwe ngemvume yoluntu. Umzekelo, amazwe amaninzi afuna ingingqi nganye ukuba ibe nebhodi yempilo, ngoxa iibhodi zocwangciso ziphantse zifumaneka jikelele koomasipala abaquququzelelweyo.

Ukuqonda esi sakhiwo somthetho kunceda amatsha - ntliziyo asebenze ngokunempumelelo. Ilungu leqela elaziyo umthetho obenza basebenze liyakwazi ukukhuthaza ngokukhuthaleleka ngakumbi kwaye liphephe ukugqitha igunya. Umanyano lohlanga lwamaCity in (NLC) lunika ubuncwane obukhululekileyo kwibhodi yemifuziselo yolawulo kunye noqheliso olungcono lwamalungu amatsha.

Ukubaluleka Kokwenza Ikhabhathi: Isizathu Sokuba Ibhodi Yasekuhlaleni Ibaluleke

Ukuganana nge-pic kudla ngokuxoxwa ngendlela engaqondakaliyo ngezantsi, ukuya kwiintlanganiso, ukubhalela abameli. Kodwa iibhodi zasekuhlaleni zinikela indlela elungelelanisiweyo, eqhubekayo yokuthabatha inxaxheba. Ngokungafaniyo nokuvota, okwenzeka kanye okanye kabini ngonyaka, inkonzo yebhodi ifuna ukubandakanyeka ngeveki okanye ngenyanga, nto leyo ebangela ukuba umntu aphendule ngokunzulu kwaye afunde.

Uphando olusuka kwi- Preasurel Charitables lubonisa ukuba abantu abanamava aphezulu okuthatha inxaxheba kwibhodi yamatsha - ntliziyo bathembele ngakumbi kurhulumente, izigqibo ezithe zaneemeko ezithe chatha, kunye nomgangatho ophantsi wezobuqhetseba. Xa abemi benceda imithetho emileyo, basengozini yokuthobela kunye nokukhuthaza abamelwane ukuba benze okufanayo.

Iingenelo Zokubandakanyeka kwelungu ngenkonzo yebhodi

Ukuzibonelela ngebhodi yasekuhlaleni kunceda umntu ngamnye nasekuhlaleni. Isishwankathelo santlandlolo sidwelise amandla, unxulumano, uphuhliso lobuchule nokuqonda.

Amandla agqitha ekuziveni kakuhle ngokuthabatha inxaxheba. Amalungu ebhodi afumana igunya lokunika izinto eziza kuqala, amisele okanye akhabe imisebenzi ethile. Ilungu lebhodi yepaki elixhasa imidlalo entsha liyayibona yakhiwa; ilungu lebhodi yesikolo elivotayo ukutshintsha kocwangciso lwezifundo. Le mpembelelo yehlabathi yokwenyani yakha intembelo kwaye ikhuthaza ukhokelo olubhekele phaya.

Unxulumano olumanyeneyo lukhula ngonxulumano namanye amalungu ebhodi, abasebenzi besixeko, kunye nabemi abaya kwiintlanganiso. Amatsha - ntliziyo amaninzi anikela ingxelo yokwakha ubuhlobo obuhlala buhleli kunye nee-nethwekhi ezingoonolwazi. Olu nxulumano lukwadala imijelo engacwangciswanga ukwenzela ukucombulula ingxaki kunye nokucombulula ingxaki ngaphandle kweentlanganiso eziqhelekileyo.

Uphuhliso lweziphene luquka okungaphezulu kakhulu kunokhokelo kunye nonxibelelwano. Amalungu ebhodi afunda ukufunda uqingqo-mali, ukuchaza iimbono ezingokwasemthethweni, ukwenza iintlanganiso zoluntu zisebenze kakuhle, ukuncokola nabagcini-mathiriyeli, kunye nokulawula ixesha. Obu buchule budluliselwa ngqo kwimisebenzi yomthetho, ishishini, imfundo, ulawulo lukawonke-wonke, kunye nolawulo olungangenisangazo ingeniso. Uhlolisiso Board Solsey [

Ukwazi ukufikelela kwimicimbi yasekuhlaleni kuyakhawuleza. Amatshantliziyo afumana indlela uvavanyo lwerhafu yerhafu oluchaphazela ngayo isikolo, indlela imigaqo yokusebenza kwezolawulo echaphazela ngayo ukufumaneka kwezindlu, nendlela imigaqo yokhuseleko lukawonke-wonke enxulumene ngayo neenkonzo zempilo yengqondo. Le nkqubo yomgangatho wokhuseleko yenza amalungu ebhodi abe ngabameli abanempumelelo ngakumbi kunye nabavoti abanokuqonda ngakumbi.

Ukomeleza Ulawulo - melo Olusuka Ebugceni

I- isibambiso se-pic kwibhodi sidla ngokubizwa ngokuba sisikolo sedemokhrasi. Ifundisa abemi indlela yokulungisa iprojekthi, ukulalanisa, ukwenza izigqibo phantsi kwemiqathango. Kwixesha lezopolitiko zesizwe ezidibeneyo, iibhodi zasekuhlaleni zisebenza rhoqo ngeziphumo ezimangalisayo. Amalungu ajolise kwiziphumo eziluncedo. "iiyure zethala leencwadi, ukulondolozwa kwepaki/indawo kuneemfazwe zenkqayibhile.

Ngaphezu koko, umsebenzi webhodi ukhuthaza umahluko ekulawuleni. Oomasipala abaninzi basebenza ngokukhutheleyo befuna amalungu akwiqela elingaphantsi kwelo ukuqinisekisa ukuba iibhodi zibonakalisa uluntu abalusebenzayo. Oku kubandakanya izisombululo ezithe zavela kunye neziphumo ezingcono. Umzekelo, ibhodi ecwangcisa abaqeshi abasecaleni kwabanini-ndlu iza kuvelisa iinkqubo zezindlu ezinokulingana ngakumbi.

Indlela Yokubandakanyeka: Imaphu Eluncedo

Inqaku lokuqala linike uphando olukwimigangatho emine: uphando, ukubakho kwiintlanganiso, ukusetyenziswa, umnatha. Ukwandisa inyathelo ngalinye ngenyathelo eliqinileyo lizakunceda abafundi baqhube into enokuba ngqindilili.

Inyathelo 1: Hlola Ummandla Wasekuhlaleni

Qala ngokutyelela isixeko sakho okanye i website yengingqi. Khangela iphepha eliqulunqwe yi “ Boards kunye ne Commissions, ” “ Valteer Aumbristions, ” okanye “ Citinzen Advisory Groups. ” ulawulo oluninzi lugcina uluhlu lwazo zonke iibhodi ezisebenzayo ezinenkcazelo yemisebenzi yazo, iimfuno zamalungu, kunye nee-injini zangoku. Ukuba i webhsayithi inzima ukuqhuba, ibiza umbhali wesixeko i ’ iofisi yayo ngqo.

Imibuzo ebalulekileyo emayiphendulwe ngexesha lophando:

  • Ziziphi iibhodi ezinezithuba ngoku okanye kwiinyanga ezintandathu ezizayo?
  • Ziziphi iiyure ezizinikelayo (izihlandlo eziphindiweyo, iiyure zokulungiselela, iziganeko ezongezelelekileyo)?
  • Ingaba kukho iimfuno zokuhlala okanye zengcali (umz. umyili weplani egunyazisiweyo kwibhodi yocwangciso)?
  • Yiyiphi inkqubo yokutyunjwa: ukutyunjwa komlawuli, ukuvotelwa kwebhunga, okanye isicelo esingqalileyo?
  • Ingaba likhona ixesha elilinganiselweyo? Amagama omzekelo asuka kwiminyaka emibini ukuya kwemine, kunye neSivumelwano esinokwenzeka.

Sebenzisa oovimba bamaphephandaba okanye iividiyo zasekuhlaleni ukuze ufunde ngeempikiswano okanye izigqibo eziphambili zakutshanje.

Inyathelo lesi-2: Yiya Iintlanganiso Ngaphambi kokuba usebenzise

Akukho nto ithabathel ’ indawo ukujonga okuphilayo. Yibakho ubuncinane iintlanganiso ezimbini zebhodi onomdla kuzo. Phawula indlela amalungu asebenzisana ngayo, nabasebenzi kunye nabantu abasesidlangalaleni. Phatha ingqalelo kwisakhiwo sentlanganiso: ucwangciso lwezicwangciso, amagqabaza kawonke-wonke, uphando, ukuvota. Yiba nomfanekiso-mva nokuba ibhodi i ’ inkcubeko ivumelana nendlela osebenza ngayo.

Ukuba kunokwenzeka, yiya kwintlanganiso yesaphula-ndlebe okanye yomsebenzi kunokuba ube yintlanganiso elungiselelwe intlanganiso. Iintlanganiso zomsebenzi zityhila indlela amalungu ahlola ngayo imibandela entsonkothileyo, iingxoxo zorhwebo, nokufikelela kwisivumelwano. Ukuqwalasela ezi zixhobo zinamandla kukunceda ugqibe enoba unokuba negalelo ngokunempumelelo na ngaphandle kokudimazeka ngesantya okanye ngelizwi.

Inyathelo 3: Lungiselela Isicelo Sakho

Iibhodi ezininzi zifuna isicelo esibhaliweyo esiquka ingxelo yomdla, isiqalo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha noonobumba bobhekiso-magama. Tyikitya oku njengesicelo somsebenzi: yiba nolwazi oluchanekileyo ngamava akho afanelekileyo, intshukumisa yakho, kunye noko unethemba lokunikela ngako. Ziphephe iintetho eziqhelekileyo njenge “ Ifuna ukubuyisela. Kungenjalo, yithi “ I isemva kuhlalutyo lwemali kwaye ifuna ukunceda ibhodi yethala leencwadi ivavanye uhla-mali lwayo lohlahlo lohlahlo. &quo;

Umsila ngamnye obhekisa kwibhodi ethile. Kwibhodi yesikolo, gxininisa amava akho nabantwana, imfundo, okanye uqeqesho lwamatsha - ntliziyo. Kwibhodi yepaki, ibalaselisa ukubandakanywa kwemibutho yemidlalo, amaqela egadi, okanye ii-odoli ezingeyongeniso yemekobume. Iibhodi ziyawaxabisa amalungu azisa ubuchule obufanelekileyo kodwa kwanalawo avumayo oko angakwaziyo nokuzinikela ekufundeni.

Inyathelo lesi-4: Uthungelwano ngenjongo nangobunono

Ukudibana kwamalungu ebhodi okanye angaphambili kufanelekile, kodwa kuphephe ukutsala okanye ukuxinezeleka. Cela udliwano-ndlebe lolwazi malunga nexesha lokuzibophelela nezona ngxaki zicinezelayo ezijongene nebhodi. Yiya kwimicimbi yoluntu eququzelelwa yibhodi okanye imibutho enxulumene nayo, enjengesithembu sokunikezelwa kwepaki okanye ibhodi yesikolo edibana negratya.

Ukwakha unxulumano nabasebenzi abanikwe ibhodi nganye. Abasebenzi basedolophini badla ngokuba nempembelelo enkulu kumalungu anconyelwayo.

Ucelomngeni Lokusebenza Ngokuzithandela: Ukulungiselela Ngokunyaniseka

Inqaku lokuqala lichaza ngokufanelekileyo ukuba inkonzo yebhodi inomvuzo kodwa ifuna intabalala yocelomngeni lilungiselela amatsha amatsha amatsha amatsha amatsha amatsha ukuba aza kujamelana neemeko ezintle.

Ukuzibophelela Ngexesha: Akupheleli Kwiliso

Ibhodi eqhelekileyo idibana kanye okanye kabini ngenyanga, rhoqo ngokuhlwa. Kodwa ixesha elipheleleyo liquka ukulungiselela (iinkcukacha, iingxelo zemvelaphi, kunye neposi ezivela kwiqela labantu. Amalungu akhutheleyo ayaya kwiintlanganiso ezincinci, ukutyelela amacandelo, kunye neentlanganiso zoqeqesho. Uqikelelo olusengqiqweni ziiyure ezi-8 ukuya kwezili-15 ngenyanga kwibhodi ezininzi, kunye nezibophelelo eziphezulu zezihlalo kunye nee-cepheke.

Ukungavumelani nemithetho yecawa kuyinto eqhelekileyo kwiibhodi zamatsha - ntliziyo. Amalungu aphoswa ziintlanganiso ezininzi angonakaliswa yibhodi i’ abangela ingqumbo kwaye abangele ingqumbo phakathi kwabasebenzi abasebenza nabo. Ngaphambi kokuba usebenzise, hlolisisa ngokunyanisekileyo enoba ucwangciso lwakho lukuvumela ukubakho rhoqo ixesha elipheleleyo.

Isisombululo Songquzulwano Neziphakamiso Ezingaphakathi

Iibhodi zenziwe ngabantu abaneziphakamiso ezahlukeneyo, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonxibelelwano, notyekelo lwezobupolitika. Ukungavumelani akunakuphepheka, ingakumbi kwiibhodi ezijongene neemeko ezimandundu ezifana nokungavumelani, ukuvalwa kwesikolo, okanye ukujongwa kwamapolisa. Amalungu ebhodi asebenzayo afunda ukubonakalisa iingxoxo ezingeyoyanto, ukugxininisa kwiinyaniso, nokufumana izinto ezifanayo.

Ezinye iibhodi ezisebenza phantsi ko-Robert ’ iMithetho yoLungelo, enokuziva yoyikeka kubantu abatsha. Noko ke, inkoliso yamalungu anamava aya kukunceda ufunde izinto ezisisiseko. Abasebenzi basezixekweni badla ngokukunika iintlanganiso zokubonisa inkxalabo egquma inkqubo yepalamente. Isitshixo kukuhlala unentlonelo, uphulaphule ngaphambi kokuthetha, nokuphepha ukwenza ngokweemvakalelo xa ugxekwa.

Imiqobo Yezibonelelo Neengxaki Zaseburhulumenteni

Iibhodi ezininzi zasekuhlaleni zisebenza ngenkxaso encinane yabasebenzi kunye noqingqo-mali olungqongqo. Ibhodi yepaki isenokuba nomqeshwa omnye owabelwe ukulawula iipaki ezininzi nokuphatha ingeniso. Ngenxa yoko, amanyathelo ebhodi anokunqanda ngenxa yokungabi namandla okanye imali. Amavolontiya kufuneka afunde ukusebenza phakathi kwemiqathango kunye nokubhiyozela inkqubela ekhawulezileyo kunokufuna utshintsho olukhawulezileyo.

Ityala elingokwasemthethweni lelinye ityala. Ngelixesha amalungu ebhodi kumazwe amaninzi ekhuselwe yi-inshorensi kamasipala kunye nokhuthazo, asenokubizwa ekwalehlweni ukuba asebenza ngaphandle kwegunya lawo okanye ngokungakhathali okunzulu. Iibhodi zifuna ukuba amalungu atyikitye ikhowudi yehambo aze afumane uqeqesho lwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha. Ukuqonda Open iintlanganiso Act[[FLT: 1] nemithetho kawonke-wonke kurhulumente wakho kubalulekile ukuphepha ukungqubana.

Ukubila Nokujika

Udityaniso lwengcinezelo yexesha, uphando lukawonke-wonke, kunye nenkqubela ecothayo zingakhokelela ekudimazekeni. Olunye uhlolisiso lubonisa ukuba ama-30% amalungu ebhodi awaligqibi ixesha lawo lokuqala. Ukulwa oku, kubekwa imida ukususela ekuqaleni: gqiba ukuba yiyiphi imisebenzi eyongezelelekileyo onokuyithabatha, unganxibelelana nayo ngokucacileyo, kwaye ucele uncedo xa kufuneka. Iibhodi eziphumelelayo zihlakulela impucuko exhasayo apho amalungu athetha ngokukhululekileyo ngomsebenzi noxinezelelo.

Amabali Aphumelelayo: Impembelelo Yokwenene Ngenkonzo Yebhodi

Imizekelo ebhaliweyo ikhuthaza ukusebenza. Ngaphaya kwe vignettes kwinqaku lokuqala, nazi iingxelo ezinenkcukacha zendlela inkonzo yebhodi enokuba guqula ngayo uluntu.

Isifundo Setyala: Ibhodi Yezakhelo Ezintle EGreenville

EGreenville, eMzantsi Carolina, iipaki kunye nebhodi yokuzonwabisa kwafuneka kunqanyulwe uqingqo-mali kunye nokuncitshiswa kokusetyenziswa kweepaki zesixeko. Ilungu elitsha elinemvelaphi ekuhlalutyeni i-data lacebisa ukuba kubekho uhlolisiso olulula kubemi. Iziphumo zabonisa ukuba iintsapho zifuna ukuhamba kaninzi ngemizila neendawo zokuhlala, hayi amabala amatsha emidlalo. Ibhodi yayalela uqingqo-mali lwazo ngokwendlela, isebenzisa i-pakishini ukusetyenziswa kwe-pakipyrali kwandisa ngama-40%, kwaye isibhedlele sasekuhlaleni sanikela ingxelo yokuhla okuzinziswa koxinzelelo kumasimi anxulumene noxineno.

Isifundo Setyala: Ibhodi Yesikolo Ivala Umsantsa Onempumelelo

Kwibhodi yeZikolo zikawonke-wonke zaseOmaha, iqela lamalungu amahlanu (abazali ababini, omnye umfundisi- ntsapho odla umhlala-phantsi, omnye umnini weshishini, nomnye umququzeleli woluntu) laxhasa inkqubo yomqhubi wenqwelo-moya ukuze angenelele phambili kwasekuqaleni kokufunda. Bafumana imvume engamawaka angamashumi amahlanu eedola ukuya kwisiseko sabucala baza batyhala isithili ukuba baphinde bafunde izikolo ezintandathu ezingasebenzi kakuhle. Emva kweminyaka emithathu, ukufunda ezo zikolo ngobuchule kwanyuka ukusuka kuma- 54% ukuya kuma-78%, ukuphumelela umlinganiselo wesithili. Uquarsquo; ukuzimisela ukuvavanyanisa nokugcina abasebenzi betyala impumelelo.

Ukuhlolisisa Ityala: Ibhodi Yokhuseleko Loluntu Inciphisa Ugonyamelo Lwemipu

ERichmond, eVirginia, ibhodi yokhuseleko lukawonke-wonke yayila ikomiti yokunxibelelana noluntu yabemi, abaphathi kunye nabasebenzi boluntu. Ikomiti yachaza iibhloko ezikhethekileyo ezinexabiso eliphezulu lokuphatha umpu ongekho mthethweni. Kunokuba yandise ukubanjwa, yacebisa inkqubo yokuphazamisa ugonyamelo eyayisebenzisa abantu ababevalelwe ngaphambili njengabameli. Ngaphezu kweminyaka emibini, ukudubula kwezo bloko zihlaliswe ngama-60%. Ibhodi i’ impumelelo yakhokelela ibhunga lesixeko ukuba lamkele isixeko esingumzekelo, isindisa izigidi zabantu kwixabiso le-poliship, kwaye okubaluleke ngakumbi, kusindisa ubomi.

Isiphelo: Ithamsanqa lakho eSithebeni lilindele

Iibhodi zasekuhlaleni azikho zizinto eziphelelwe lixesha zolawulo lwezixa ezincinci. Ziziko elinamandla, elibalulekileyo apho abemi abaqhelekileyo babumba ikamva lengingqi zabo. Enoba ungumfundi, ugqirha odla umhlala-phantsi, umzali ohlala ekhaya, okanye umtshintshi wemisebenzi, kukho ibhodi efuna imbono yakho.

Indlela yokuzibandakanya icacile: yenza uphando ngeebhodi kummandla wakho, uya kwiintlanganiso, lungiselela isicelo esinamandla, kwaye wakhe ulwalamano olunentlonelo. Ewe, kuza kubakho imingeni yexesha (iingxaki) kunye namanye amalungu, i-screens red tepe. Kodwa imivuzo ingaphezulu kakhulu kwenkxwaleko. Uza kuvelisa ubuchule obungalindelwanga, udibana nabantu abakuphefumlelayo, kwaye ushiye uphawu kuluntu lwakho oluhlala ixesha elide emva kokuba ugqibe ixesha lakho.

Idemokhrasi ayikhuli nje kuphela kumagumbi okuvota kodwa kumagumbi eebhodi zesikolo, kumagumbi okuhlala iindlebe, nakwintlanganiso zesebe lepaki.