Kule mihla isebenza ngokukhawuleza kwimeko-bume yolwazi, ukukwazi ukuqonda iindaba kunye nolwazi kubaluleke kakhulu kunanini na ngaphambili. Ukukwazi ukufunda nokubhala kunika abantu amandla okusebenzisana kakuhle nabantu abahlala nabo kwaye benze izigqibo zolwazi. Olu khokelo lwandisiweyo luhlola izixhobo eziyimfuneko, ubuchule, kunye nezicwangciso zokwakha ulwazi lwamaqumrhu, ngokugxininisa ngokukhethekileyo ekusetyenzisweni kwendaba nakuphengululo lolwazi kwixesha lengxolo yamanani.

Isizathu Sokuba Kufuneke Ukuba Umntu Afunde

Ukwazi ukufunda nokubhala kubuchule bokuqonda nokuthatha inxaxheba ngokunempumelelo kubomi bentlalo-ntle. Kuquka ulwazi lwemibutho yezobupolitika, amalungelo neembopheleleko, kunye nobuchule obufunekayo ukuze kubandakanyeke kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamajelo eendaba. Kwixesha apho iinkcazelo eziphosakeleyo zinokuhamba ngokukhawuleza kunenyaniso, abantu kufuneka bahlolisise ngenyameko ulwazi abadibana nalo imihla ngemihla. Ingxelo yeKhompli yeNyaniso Decay ibonisa ukuba ukuthomala kwemfundo yezentengiso ngokwanda kwezopolitiki nokuncitshiswa kwenteko yezopolitiki, besenza iziko zibe ngaphezulu kunanini nanini ngaphambili.

Iingenelo Ezibonakalayo Zokufunda

  • Ukwenza isigqibo esingenisiweyo kwibhokisi yebholathi nakubomi bemihla ngemihla
  • Indima esebenzayo kwiinkqubo zedemokhrasi, ukusuka kwiiholo zedolophu ezifikeleleka ngqo kunyulo lwesizwe
  • [[UMTL:0] Ukwalathisa nxamnye nenkohliso kunye namaphulo okurhoxisa ulwazi
  • Ingcinga egxekiweyo eyomelezwayo etshintshela kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi
  • Izifungo zoluntu ezikhulu , kuquka ukuzinikela ngokuzithandela, ulawulo lobungangamsha, kunye nolawulo loluntu

Inxenye ye pixel

Ukwakha ukufunda nokubhala kufuna ingqalelo kwimimandla emininzi edityanisiweyo. Abafundisi-mfundo, iingcali zejelo leendaba, neenkokeli zoluntu kufuneka basebenze kunye ukuvelisa ezi misebenzi kuzo zonke iimfuno zabantu.

Ukufunda ngeendaba: Isiseko

Ukwazi ukufunda eendaba kubuchule bokufikelela, bokuhlalutya, bokwenza ijelo-lwazi ngentlobo ezahlukeneyo. Obu buchule bucwangciswe ngendlela engalungelelaniyo yokuhamba kwibala elintsonkothileyo le zixhobo zekhompyutha zanamhlanje. IZiko leMedia Liyichaza njenge "lenkulungwane yokuqala ukufikelela kwimfundo" enika isiseko sokufikelela, ukuqwalasela, ukuvavanya, kunye nokwenza imiyalezo enqumla imo ezahlukahlukeneyo.

Ubuchule Obubalulekileyo Bokufunda Nokubhala

  • Imvelaphi yomahluko: Ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kweendaba, uluvo, iziqulatho ezixhasweyo, kunye nemposiso
  • BBIAs inkcazo: Ukuchaza iingcamango, ezorhwebo, kunye nokungacaci okuqulethweyo
  • [[Uvavanyo: 0] olubonakalayo uvavanyo: Usebenzisa izixhobo ezifana nofundo lwasemva kunye novavanyo lweCRAAP (Umgunyaziso, uvulo, uGunyaziso, Ucoselelo, Injongo)
  • Ubhaqo lwePursuasion: Ukwamkela iindlela zokuphendula, izibheno ezingokweemvakalelo, kunye nobuchule obunengqiqo kwimiyalezo ye-media
  • Ukuqonda okunxulumeneyo: Ukuqonda iingcinezelo zezoqoqosho nezezobupolitika ezibumba imveliso yezixhobo zokusasaza

Ulwazi Oluyinkqubo: Izakhiwo zikarhulumente Neenkqubo Zedemokhrasi

Ulwazi lwe-bic lubandakanya ukuqonda indlela urhulumente asebenza ngayo kumgangatho wasekuhlaleni, karhulumente, kunye nakumalungelo kunye neembopheleleko zabemi. uphando lwaminyaka le luka-Antenberg lwe-Primetholi yoLuntu [ lusoloko lutyhila izithuba ezikhathazayo kulwazi lwezentlalo-ntle yabantu abadala baseMelika, kuquka ukudideka ngamasebe amathathu karhulumente kunye nokhuseleko loMphengululi Wokuqala.

Iindawo Zolwazi Lwesiseko

  • Isakhiwo nomsebenzi worhulumente wasekuhlaleni, wephondo nowesizwe
  • Iinkqubo eziqukwayo kuquka amaprim, unyulo oluqhelekileyo, kunye namanyathelo okukhetha
  • Ukunika amalungelo, iinkqubo zokubhalisa, nokufikelela
  • Amalungelo omGaqo-siseko nendlela asebenza ngayo kubomi bemihla ngemihla
  • Ubuchule bokuthabatha inxaxheba kwebutho labantu ngaphandle kokuvota, njengamagqabaza esidlangalaleni, umsebenzi wokuchophela ityala, nokuzithethelela

Ukufunda ngamanani: Ukusebenzisa i - ONUS ulwazi lwenkqubo ye-Ecocosystem

Ngeli xesha kunxulumene nokufunda kwizixhobo zobugcisa kunye nobuchule obubalulekileyo obufunekayo ukudibanisa amaqonga. Iqela lemfundo yembali yeStanford lifunda ngengqiqo yoluntu kwi-intanethi ifumanise ukuba abafundi basoloko bezama ukuvavanya ukuthembeka kwenkcazelo yezemivo, ukusuka kwimibutho yamajelo eendaba ukuxhasa iziphumo zokufuna iziphumo.

  • Ukuqonda ii-algorithm nendlela ezibumba ngayo ukubonakala kokuqulethweyo
  • Ukubona izinto ezinzulu, imifanekiso esetyenziswayo, namajelo eendaba awenziwe ngabantu
  • Ukukhutshwa kovavanyo oluthe tye
  • Isebenzisa uphendlo olubuya umva lomfanekiso kunye nezongezelelo zenyani
  • Ukucoca amanani, kuquka ukuqinisekisa izinto ezifumaneka kusini na ngaphambi kokwabelana nabanye

Izixhobo Zokwakha Imfundo

Zininzi izixhobo kunye nobuncwane obukhoyo ukunceda abantu kunye noluntu ukuba bafunde.

Inyaniso- yesixhobo sokuhlola kunye nokuqinisekisa

Imibutho ethembekileyo ekhangela inyani inikela iinkonzo eziyimfuneko zokuqinisekisa oko kufunwayo nokuqonda umongo. Ngaphaya koko kwaziwayo, izixhobo eziliqela ezikhethekileyo zinganceda abasebenzisi bavavanye ulwazi:

  • FactCCC.org: Iprojekthi engeyoparati yeZiko loLuntu lika-Anntenberg Policy
  • IPolitiFact: Inxuwa lePulitzer Price-win elibala ucoselelo lwezityholo ezinyuliweyo namagosa angoorhulumente
  • Snopets:[ Eyona ndawo indala nenkulu ekhangela inyani kwi-intanethi, igquma amabali asezidolophini, amarherhe, kunye neengxelo zezobupolitika
  • NewsGuard: Ulwandiso lwesikhangeli olubala amawaka eendaba namanxuwa olwazi asekelwe kwimigangatho yentatheli
  • Inyaniso: Isixhobo esihlalutya amanqaku eendaba ukuthemba okusekelwe kwimvelaphi eyahlukeneyo, isandi, kunye nobuchule bombhali

Imithombo yolwazi engqinelanayo

Ukwakha ulwazi olunzulu lwezentlalo, iindawo ezinikezelweyo nezixhobo zokuxhasa imbali zinikela inkcazelo elungiselelweyo nenokuthenjwa:

  • Ballottedia: I-encyclopedia yamanani yezobupolitika zaseMelika, egquma urhulumente, urhulumente, kunye nonyulo lwasekuhlaleni, amanyathelo okuthatha, kunye namagosa karhulumente
  • IVote.org: Ubhaliso olungavotiyo kunye neqonga lokuvula elinika ulwazi olucacileyo lwemeko malunga nexesha lokuvota, iimfuno, kunye neenkqubo
  • USA.gov: I-web esemthethweni karhulumente wase-U.S. inika unikezelo oluthe ngqo kurhulumente, kurhulumente, nakummandla, nakulwazi lwasekuhlaleni kunye neenkonzo zorhulumente
  • iPropublica: Igumbi elizimeleyo, elingangeni ngeniso elivelisa uphando lobujongo kwimdla kawonke-wonke, kuquka ii-database zokulandelela imisebenzi karhulumente

Iinkqubo Zokufundisa Necuricula

Amathuba afanelekileyo okufunda anceda abafundi nabantu abadala baphucule imibutho yokukhuphisana:

  • IBhunga loBuzwe leZifundo zeNtlalo: linikezela ngobuncwane, imigangatho, kunye nenkqubela-phambili yeK-12 yabafundisi-mfundo abafundisa amaqumrhu nembali
  • 'iI-Act: eyasekwa nguJaji weNkundla ePhakamileyo Sandra Day O'Connor, inika imidlalo yemfundo yamahhala kunye nezicwangciso zesifundo ezifundisa abafundi ngokuthabatha inxaxheba kurhulumente nakwimicimbi yoluntu
  • Iprojekthi ye-News Literacy: Yenza izinto ezifana neqonga letsheki ukunceda abafundisi-mfundo bafundise abafundi indlela yokuchonga ulwazi olunokuthenjwa nokuqonda indima yomatshini wokushicilela okhululekileyo
  • I-League of Women Voters: Izenzo ezingezizo iiprojekthi zovoti, ii-fom zomvoti, ii-comments, kunye namanyathelo okubhalisa asemthethweni kulo lonke ilizwe
  • Ukufundisa ukunyamezelana (ngoku ukufundisa ngeJaji yoBulungiseleli): Ibonelela ngezinto zokufundisa ngesisa ukukhuthaza iiklasi ezikufutshane nokukhuthaza ubulungisa ngokwengqiqo yoluntu

Iintetho Ezahlukileyo

Imfundo yokubhala nokubhala kufuneka ivumelane namaqela ahlukeneyo obudala, izimbo zokufunda, kunye nomongo. Iindlela ezisebenzayo ziyahluka kubafundi aba-K-12, abafundi basekholeji, abafundi abadala namaqela asekuhlaleni.

Uqeqesho

Abafundisi banethuba elikhethekileyo lokwakha imikhwa ehlala ihleli yokuthembisana nokugxeka:

Ukufudusa ulwazi lwangaphandle kwemixholo

Kunokuba bajonge ukufundwa kwezixhobo zekhompyutha njengomxholo osisigxina, bawufake kwizifundo ezikhoyo. Ootitshala bembali bangahlolisisa amaxwebhu asisiseko omthombo kunye neefoto ezisasazwayo. Abafundisi baseNgilani bangahlola ubugcisa obuyekelelayo kwizibhengezo nakwizimvo. Abafundisi-nzululwazi bangavavanya iingxelo eziphathelele impilo nemekobume. Le ndlela yokuhamba kwesikolo ikhuthaza ubuchule kwiimeko ezininzi.

Imisebenzi yezandla kwiprojekti

Ukufunda okunzulu kukhulisa ukuqonda yaye kubangela ukuba abantu baganane ngonaphakade:

  • Ucwangciso lwezindululo zobhaliso lomfundi
  • Iiholo zedolophu ezifaniswe ngommkhomi okanye unyulo lwentelekelelo
  • Yenza udliwano - ndlebe namagosa asekuhlaleni anyuliweyo, iintatheli, okanye abaququzeleli bebutho
  • Isalathisi somsebenzi wePhondo
  • Yenza amagumbi okugcina imicimbi yesikolo avelisa ingxelo elungeleleneyo ngeziganeko zesikolo

Ukufunda okuqinisiweyo kobuxhakaxhaka

Izixhobo zobugcisa zinokwenza ukufunda

  • Sebenzisa amaqonga e-intanethi ukuze ulandele imithombo ethembekileyo yeendaba neengxelo zikarhulumente
  • Nika abafundi kwiziphumo-ndlela zeziphumo zeteknoloji usebenzisa izixhobo zoqinisekiso
  • Ukuthelekisa iingxelo ze-AP ezisemgangathweni
  • Yenza imisebenzi emininzi ecacisa iingcamango zoluntu koontanga

Kubafundi Basekholeji Nabaselula

Izicwangciso zemfundo ephakamileyo zinikela amathuba okuhlolisisa ngokunzulu nokucel ’ umngeni ngemibandela entsonkothileyo:

  • Iizifundo zohlalutyo lomhlazo: kwizifundo zolwazi lolwazi, inzululwazi yezobupolitika, okanye iiklasi zobumende ezifundisa iindlela zophando kunye novavanyo lwemvelaphi
  • Ubandakanyeko lolwazi loshishino-lwazi:
  • [[UMTL:0] Iinqanawa zorhwebo kunye namaqela: funa amathuba nee-ofisi zikarhulumente, imibutho engeyoyapartistan, okanye amagumbi okuthelekisa
  • Iindlela zoluntu: uthatha inxaxheba kwindululo yobhaliso lovoti, ii-accul, okanye amaqela engxoxo yemigaqo

Kubafundi Namalungu Oluntu Akhulileyo

Ukwakha ukulesa nokubhala kungumsebenzi ohlala uhleli. Abantu abadala bangaqhubeka bephuhlisa ubuchule babo ngeenkqubo ezisekelwe kuluntu nangemfundo yobuqu:

  • Iinkqubo zethala leencwadi ze-Public: Iithala leencwadi ezininzi zinika iiprojekthi zesisa kwimfundo yezixhobo zolwazi, ukukhangela inyani, kunye nobuchule bamanani
  • Iizifundo zekholeji eziqulunqiweyo: Iiklasi ezingacwangcisiyo kwimfundo yoluntu, urhulumente wasekuhlaleni, kunye nokucingela ukugxeka kusoloko kufumaneka
  • Amaqela ophawulo: Dibanisa okanye yenza amaqela okufunda ajolise kwiziganeko zangoku nohlalutyo lwenkqubo
  • umanyano lorhulumente wasekuhlaleni: kuya kwiintlanganiso zebhunga lesixeko, ukucwangcisa iintlanganiso zentlanganiso zentlanganiso, okanye iintlanganiso zebhodi yesikolo
  • [[UMTL:0] Ibhodi zokhuthuzo: Isebenza kwiibhodi zasekuhlaleni okanye kwiikomiti ukufumana utyhilo lobuqu kwiinkqubo zokwenza izigqibo

Ukulwa Nenkcazelo Ephosakeleyo Nenkcazelo Engachananga

Ucelomngeni oluyintloko ekufundiseni abantu lukusasazeka kwangamabomu kwenkcazelo ebubuxoki okanye elahlekisayo. Ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kobuxoki (obebungaqondanga) kunye nokungachazi (ukuqhatha) kubalulekile ekuveliseni iindlela zokulwa ezisebenzayo.

Ukuqonda Iindlela Eziqhelekileyo

Abadlali abangalunganga basebenzisa iindlela ezininzi ezibhalwe kakuhle ukusasaza ulwazi olububuxoki:

  • Imixholo ekhutshiweyo:[[FTL:1] ngokupheleleyo amabali obuxoki acetyelwe ukukhohlisa
  • [[UMTL:0] Izixhobo ezidityanisiweyo: Iphelelwe yimifanekiso elungiselelwe ngokutsha, iividiyo eziqalisiweyo, okanye uhlelo olunezono
  • Isiqulatho se-Isoster: Ikhupha izindululo ezisemthethweni zeendaba okanye imibutho
  • umongo ongachananga: ulwahlulo lokwenene olwabelwe kunye noshunqulelo olulahlekisayo okanye ulwaleko lobungozi
  • Umatshini wokubala imixholo yentloko: intloko-ndaba edityanisiweyo okanye elahlekisayo egqwetha imixholo yenqaku
  • Ukusebenzisa i-momotions: Isiqulatho esilungiselelwe ukuvusa umsindo, uloyiko, okanye uchulumanco lokugqitha ukugxeka

Iindlela Zokuqinisekisa

Nabani na angamkela ezi ndlela zisekelwe kubungqina ukuvavanya ulwazi ngokunempumelelo:

  • ukufunda ngexesha elizayo: Vula ii-tab ezininzi ukuphanda imvelaphi kwaye uthelekelele phambi kokuthemba naliphi na iceba le qumrhu
  • Ukukhangela imvelaphi: Uphando olwenze okuqulethweyo, iisiqinisekiso, inkxaso-mali, kunye nocwangciso
  • Ukufunda ngaphaya komxholo: Umqulu osongwayo ogqitha umhlathi wokuqala ukuqonda umongo opheleleyo kunye nentengo yokwenene
  • [[UMTL:0] Ukuqinisekisa umhla: Amabali amadala okanye amanani asoloko ephinda aphinda asetyenziswe kwaye anikezelwa njengangoku
  • [[UMTL:0] Ukukhangela uqinisekiso: Ukuba ibali liyinyaniso, iindlela ezininzi zokuphuma ezinokuthenjwa ziza kunikela ingxelo yezibakala ezifanayo
  • Ifaka uphendlo lomva lomfanekiso: Layisha iifoto ezikrokrelekayo ku Google Images okanye Tineye ukufumana imvelaphi yazo yasekuqaleni nomongo

Indima Yethala Leencwadi Neziko Loluntu

Iincwadi, iimyuziyam namaziko oluntu asebenza njengemibutho ethembekileyo ekulweleni ukufunda nokubhala, ezi ziko zinikela izizathu ezingobundilele zokufunda, zokufumana ubuncwane obuqinisekisiweyo, nokhokelo oluvela kubafundi abaqeqeshiweyo.

Indlela Ithala Leencwadi Elixhasa Ngayo Imfundo Edityanisiweyo

  • Isalathisi somsebenzi wePhondo
  • Ukunikezela ngeeklasi kulwazi lwamanani, ukukhangela inyani, kunye nokusebenzisa i-intanethi
  • Iinguqu eziququzelela iintlanganiso, iingxoxo zikawonke-wonke, nemicimbi yemfundo
  • Ukubonelela nge-intanethi simahla kunye noqeqesho
  • Ukusebenza njengemibutho yoluntu

Iinkqubo Ezifanele Zihlolisiswe

Iilayibrari ezininzi zisebenzisa iinkqubo ezitsha ezithetha ngqo ngezithuba zoluntu ezizimeleyo zokubhala. IKhomishini yeThala leencwadi laseMerika inika isikhokelo nemisebenzi emihle. Iinkqubo ezinokuphawulwa ziquka "Umvulo othe ngqo" uludwe lwemfundo yeVoti, kunye ne "News Know-How" iiklasi zabantu abadala.

Ukulawula Umahluko Wesizukulwana

Ucelomngeni lokwazi ukufunda nokubhala nokwenza amathuba ahlukeneyo kwizizukulwana ngeminyaka. Abantu abaselula badla ngokuba nobuchule obunamandla bokusebenzisa ikhompyutha kodwa bazama ukufumanisa ukuba imvelaphi isekelwe kwiqumrhu labo. Abantu abadala basenokuba nolwazi olunzulu ngembali kodwa banokujamelana nemiqobo yobugcisa obutsha. Imfundo ephumelelayo kufuneka bathethe ngawo omabini amaqela ngoxa bekhuthaza incoko phakathi koluntu.

Indlela Yokufikelela Endilisekileyo Ngamaqela Obudala

[[NTL:0] Abantwana kunye nabakwishumi elivisayo (abaneminyaka eyi-8-18): Ukujolisa kulwazi lwesiseko soluntu, ubuchule bokucinga obubalulekileyo, kunye nezixhobo zokunxibelelana nabantu eziluncedo ezisetyenziswa kwimigangatho yokufunda njenge iCvics kunye nemisebenzi yeklasi efundisayo.

Abantu abakhulileyo abakhulileyo (abaneminyaka eli-18-30): Ukugxininisa imfundo yovoti, imiba yemigaqo yokuqonda, ukuqaphela iindlela zokungasebenzisi ulwazi kwi-media yentlalo, kunye nemikhwa yokuphuhlisa ubumi obukhutheleyo.

Adults (amanani 30-65): Inika imfundo eqhubekayo kwiinkqubo zikarhulumente zasekuhlaleni, umlinganiselo womlinganiselo webhola, kunye nobuchule bokukhangela inyani obuphambili. Abantu abadala abaninzi bayakwazi ukufunda kunye nabantwana babo.

Abantu abadala (65+): izithuba zedilesi zokufunda nokubhala, ukunceda uhambe kwi-intanethi enempilo nengcaciso yemali, kwaye wenze iindawo ezikhuselekileyo zokuxoxa ngeziganeko zangoku ngaphandle komgwebo. Iinkqubo zobuchule bemivo ze-AARP ziluncedo.

Ukwakha Isithethe Sokufunda

Ekugqibeleni, ukufundiswa kwabantu akunakufikelelwa ngomgudu womntu ngamnye. Kufuna isithethe esinemilinganiselo yokuthabatha inxaxheba, ukuphengulula ngokugxeka, nengxoxo ebonakalisa intlonelo. Imibutho yamajelo eendaba, izikolo, namaziko karhulumente onke anendima yokudlala ekudaleni imekobume apho ukufunda nokubhala kwezentlalo kunokuchuma.

Oko Kunokwenziwa Ngabantu

  • Yenza iibhodi zohlolo lwemiboniso yobulali ezibonisa okusesikweni nokuchanekileyo
  • Ukusungula amaphulo okufunda kwingingqi yesixeko lonke ngenkcazelo ecacileyo nefikelelekayo
  • Ukuncedisa kumaphephandaba nakumasasazi ukuvelisa
  • Ukuphawula nokubhiyozela izinto eziphunyezwe nguluntu, njengonovoti abaphezulu okanye imisebenzi ephumelelayo yoluntu
  • Izithuba zengxoxo yoluntu ezinqamleza ukwahlukana, ezifana nefom ezisisindululo okanye

Oko Abantu Banokukwenza

Wonke umntu unokuthabatha amanyathelo asebenzisekayo ukuze ancede abantu abaziincwadi zabo baze babe nenxaxheba kwibutho labantu elinolwazi olungakumbi:

  • Phendula uphando lweendaba ezinokuthenjwa, kuquka
  • Zibophelele ubuncinane kwiphepha-ncwadi elinye elikhangela isibakala okanye ulandelise abakhangeli bento kwi-media yezentlalo-ntle
  • Ukuncedisana nemibutho yezentlalo, enoba ngokuzinikela ngokuzithandela, ngeminikelo okanye ngokuya kwiziganeko
  • Thetha nentsapho nabahlobo ngendlela yokuqwalasela inkcazelo, usebenzisa imizekelo ecacileyo
  • Amathandabuzo angokwemothe ngaphandle kokugxeka ngokubuza imibuzo esengqiqweni kunokuba utyeshele yonke into
  • Yabelana ngolwazi oluqinisekisiweyo nobuxoki obuchanekileyo xa udibana, novelwano nobungqina

Isiphelo: Umsebenzi Oqhubekayo Wolawulo - melo

Ukwakha ulwazi lokufunda nokwenza ulwazi akuyonto iphunyezwe ngexesha elinye kodwa kungumkhwa oqhubekayo. Njengokuba ukwenziwa kwenkcazelo kuguquka, kufuneka izixhobo kunye namaqhinga esiwasebenzisayo ukuqonda, ukujonga, nokuzibandakanya neendaba kunye nolwazi. Ngokudibanisa ulwazi olusisiseko nobuchule obusebenzisekayo, ubuchule obunenkxaso-mali, kunye nokukhuthaza ukuzinikela koluntu ngokubanzi, sinokomeleza ulawulo-demokhrasi ukusuka emhlabeni. Injongo ayikokufumana ulwazi kodwa kufuneka ithathe inxaxheba kubomi bentlalo ebumbanisa ikamva lethu. Ubuchule bokufundisa inzala yezentengiso bunika abantu abanolwazi oluzinzileyo, igcine iziko ezikhoyo zinokuphendula, kwaye ibonelela kakuhle kubantu abahlala benolwazi, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ulawulo-demokhrasi luhlala luchwayitile yaye luqinile kwizizukulwana ezizayo.