Ukuqonda Ulawulo Lukarhulumente

Ulawulo lorhulumente lusisiseko sokuziphendulela ngedemokhrasi. Lubandakanya iinkqubo, amaziko, kunye nezenzo ezilawula, zilawule, zihlole ukusebenza kwamandla karhulumente. Ngaphandle kokungajongi, amaqumrhu kawonke-wonke anokuba sengozini yokungabonisi themba, yokungasebenzi, okanye yokunganyaniseki. Oku kunceda ukujongana okunempumelelo kugcine uluntu luthembekile, kuqinisekiswe ukuba imithetho nemigaqo, kwaye kukhusele ulawulo lomthetho. Lilonke ilizwe, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yiyiphi inkqubo yalo yezopolitili, kufuneka lihlakulele iindlela zokwalathisa ezihambelana nemigaqo yayo esisiseko, izithethe, kunye nolawulo. Eli nqaku linikela uhlalutyo olulu hlobo olulungeleleneyo lwemiqatha yezo yolawulo, ukuvavanyaniswa kwemiqatha neenguqu yamanani.

Amalungu angundoqo oLawulo lukaRhulumente

Ukulawula kusebenza kumacala amaninzi, ngalinye linemisebenzi eyahlukileyo nabadlali. Ulwahlulo oluqhelekileyo luquka imithetho, ikomiti, ulawulo, kunye neenkqubo zokuthatha inxaxheba zikawonke-wonke. Ezi zigalelo zidla ngokudibene kwaye zomeleze, zidala ugcino-lwazi olunokuqhelana nomongo owahlukileyo.

Ulawulo lomthetho

Iiqumrhu zomthetho .Iintlanganiso, iingqungquthela, iingqungquthela, okanye iindibano. Ngokuva, ukuphengulula, amaxesha okubuza, kunye nokuhlola iikomiti, izilungisi zihlolisisa iinkqubo zikarhulumente, iinkcitho, kunye nezenzo zolawulo. Amandla okubiza amangqina, ukunyanzela amaxwebhu, kunye neengxelo zengxelo zingundoqo. Kumazwe amaninzi, iikomiti ezikhethekileyo, njengeekomiti zeengxelo zikawonke-wonke okanye iikomiti zobucuphi bobuntlola, zinikela uhlolo oluqwalaselweyo. Umzekelo, iiKomiti Ezikhethileyo zoBukumkani zeUnited Kingdom zaziwa ngokuhambela kwazo okungqongqo koovalelo lwabefundisi kunye nabasebenzi bamakhaya. EUnited States, ukujonga ukuva okuqhelekileyo kwaye zikhokelele ekuguquleni imicimbi okanye kwabezolwaphulo-mthetho.

Ulawulo lomthetho lusebenza kakhulu xa iikomiti zinoovimba abaneleyo, abasebenzi abanobuchule, kunye nenkxaso ye-bipartisan. Noko ke, zingayekelela ngenxa yokubekwa ngokwezobupolitika, ukulawulwa kwegunya, okanye ukulinganiselwa kolwazi lokwahlulwa. Ngokwe-ECD, ulawulo loqingqo-mali lwepala lusisibonisi esingundoqo sokubonakala okuphezulu, ukanti iindlu ezininzi zowiso-mthetho azinabo ubuchule bobuchule bokwahlula-hlula iingcebiso ezintsono zoqingqo-mali ngokunelisayo.

Ulawulo lwezomthetho

Ijaji inikela uvavanyo oluqatha ngokutolika imithetho nokuhlola ubungqongqo bemithetho karhulumente. Iinkundla zingawisa imithetho yabalawuli, umthetho ongenanto ochasene nemigaqo yomgaqo-siseko, kwaye zinyanzelela amagunya karhulumente ukuba enze ngokuvisisana nemisebenzi yomthetho. Ukujonga ngokweejaji kwakhona kukhusela amalungelo omntu ngamnye nxamnye norhulumente ochukumisiweyo. Kumazwe aneenkundla ezinamandla zomgaqo-siseko, njengeJamani ne-Mzantsi Afrika, uhlolo lwezomthetho lusisixhobo esinamandla sokunyanzelisa iimvo kunye nolungelelwano. Kwanakwiinkqubo ezingenayo imigaqo-siseko egunyaziwe, njengoBukumkani boMgaqo-siseko, iinkundla ziqhelisela ukujongwa ngezigwebo zolawulo.

Inkululeko lisiseko solawulo lomthetho. Izisongelo zokuzimela ngokwamatyala .(ukuphazamisana nezopolitiko, iingxaki zoqingqo-mali, okanye ukubekwa kwesebe eliphetheyo). Isivumelwano seZizwe ezimanyeneyo sokulwa noHlabathi sigxininisa imfuneko yejaji ezimeleyo ukuqinisekisa ukuphendula. Kodwa amazwe amaninzi, ingakumbi lawo aneemfuno zedemo yegunya, aye anciphisa igunya lenkundla ngokupakisha okanye ngokulinganisela igunya.

Ulawulo lolawulo

Ulawulo lolawulo lubhekisela kulawulo lwangaphakathi kunye nophicotho-zincwadi lwangaphandle oluhlola indlela abameli bakarhulumente abawenza ngayo umsebenzi wabo. Oku kuquka ii-operand, ii-ofisi zophicotho-zincwadi, amaqumrhu achasene neenkomfa, kunye namaqumrhu alwa nenkohlakalo. La maqumrhu aqhuba uphicotho-zincwadi, uphicotho-mali, kunye nophengululo kwiimeko ezingekho semthethweni. Umzekelo, i-Rhulumente kaRhulumente (GAO) ivavanya iinkqubo zikarhulumente kunye neengxelo zokuphucula impumelelo. Ngokufanayo, i-Ofisi ye-Phondo ye-Phondo kunye noMphicompuzeli-Njini Jikelele kwi-mali kaRhulumente yoRhulumente yaseIndiya, kunye nokukhupha iingxelo ezikwitafileyo kwiPalamenti yePalamente.

Amaqumrhu olawulo kufuneka asebenze ngokuzimeleyo, axhaswe ngokwaneleyo, kwaye akhuselwe kwimpindezelo. Izinto afumaniseke kuzo kufuneka zisebenze kwaye zilandelelwe. Kumazwe amaninzi asakhasayo, la maqumrhu abandezeleka kwizithintelo zoovimba kunye noxinzelelo lwezobupolitika, athintele impembelelo yawo. I-Transpastical International[ Isalathisi sobuqhetseba [i-Perceptions] Isalathisi sorpocraptions zibalase amaqela olawulo oluphezulu kakhulu.

Ukuthabatha Inxaxheba Kuwonke - wonke

Ukuthembisana ngemimimi kuyinxalenye ebaluleke ngakumbi yolawulo lukarhulumente. Izixhobo ezifana nokuxilonga uwonke-wonke, ugcino-lwazi oluvulekileyo lukarhulumente, uphicotho-zincwadi lwentlalo, kunye nezixhobo zokuvulela impendulu, zinika abantu kunye noluntu ukuba baphendule urhulumente. EBrazil, ukubonelela ngemali edibanisiweyo kuvumela abemi ukuba bagqibe ukuba banikwe mali engakanani, benze ulawulo olungqalileyo lokusebenzisa imali kamasipala. EKenya, uluntu lungafikelela ulwazi lukarhulumente ngolwazi oluya kulwazi oluya kuMthetho wolwazi kwaye lube nenxaxheba ekuphatheni i-Commissionsion on Adminitivement Justice.

Ubugcisa bamanani buye bandisa amathuba okuba uphakamiso-mali kukarhulumente. Iinkqubo ezibonisa indlela yokusebenzisa imali karhulumente, ukupapasha ingeniso, okanye ezinika abemi ithuba lokubika ukunganyaniseki ziya zisanda. Kodwa ke, amanani ahlukeneyo, amanani aphantsi okufunda nokuhlola kukarhulumente anokuthintela ukuba nenxaxheba. Ukujonga uluntu ngengqiqo akufuni amalungelo asemthethweni kuphela kodwa kwanesithethe sokuzibophelela nokubona ngaphaya komthetho.

Uqheliselo lwezizwe ngezizwe lolawulo lorhulumente: Imboniselo ethelekisayo

Ngeli xesha iinxalenye ezingundoqo zobuveleli zisehlabathini lonke, ukuphumeza kwazo kuyahluka-hluka kakhulu kuwo onke amazwe ngenxa yemikhosi engokwembali, iinkqubo zezobupolitika, kunye nezithethe ezingokwasemthethweni. Ngeli ngezantsi kuthelekiswa okukhulu kobuveleli kumazwe akhethiweyo, kubalaseliswa iimpawu ezikhethekileyo kunye nezithethe eziqhelekileyo.

I-United States

Inkqubo ye-U.S. ixhomekeke kukwahlulwa kwamagunya ngemisebenzi ehlaliswayo. Iikomiti zeBhunga leNdlu kunye neNdlu yeeNtsimbi ziqhelisa ukuvelela ngokuphulaphula, ngokuphanda, ngamandla emali. I-ofisi ye-Akhawunti ye-Akhawunti (GAO) inika uphicotho-mali kunye neenkonzo zobuphicotho-zincwadi, ngoxa i-Ofisi yeSiluleko esikhethekileyo ikhusela abavuli-mpempe-zi nabachopheleyo abagwebi. I-judicary ingayibhukuqa imiyalelo kunye nemithetho elawulayo ngokwezintlola. I-Federal Evolution kunye ne-ofisi ye-Ethictics idibanisa izintlukwano zobungameli kwimimandla ethile. Noko ke, icandelo eliphezulu lithinte ukuchotshelwa kwemibutho eliziweyo, ngokuhambela kophando lwezo lwezo zezopolitiko.

I-United Kingdom

IPalamente ye-UK isebenzisa inkqubo yokukhetha iikomiti ezihlolisisa isebe ngalinye likarhulumente. IKomiti yeengxelo zoluBomsila ihlolisisa ukusetyenziswa kwemali ngokunempumelelo, ngoxa iKomiti yeMigangatho yoBuntu ijonge ihambo yokuziphatha. I-ofisi yoPhicotho-zincwadi yeSizwe (NAO) ihlola onke amasebe karhulumente aphakathi kwaye ipapasha ixabiso lemali yemali. IPalamente Ombudsman ihlolisisa ukungalungisi kakuhle kwemigaqo-siseko solawulo. Imisebenzi ekhethekileyo yindima emandla yenkcubeko yenkonzo yasekuhlaleni, egxininisa ukuphendula koolungiseleli. Noko ke, inkoliso karhulumente kwiNdlungela yoorhulumente eQonele

I-Jamani

IFederal Diet (Bundestag) yaseJamani iphendula isebe eliphetheyo ngamaxesha emibuzo, iikomiti zophando, kunye neKomiti yoHlahlo loHlahlelo lweBhunga loMdanganiso. INkundla yeQumrhu loPhicotho-zincwadi (iBundesrechungshof) ihlolisisa iingxelo zikawonke-wonke neengxelo zePalamente nakuwonke wonke. Umgangatho wesizwe waseJamani ukwanika amandla okulawula iipalamente kunye neeofisi zophicotho-zincwadi. INkundla yezoMgaqo-siseko inikela uluvo olunamandla olugwebileyo. Umgaqo wembopheleleko yolungiselelo wolungiselelo unamandla, kwaye ugcina ulwazi lwezindaba ludlala indima ephambili ekunyamekeleni iJamani.

I-Sweden

Umzekelo we-Sweden ubalasele kwiPalamente yakhe i-Ombudsmann (Justieombudsmannen), ephanda izikhalazo zabemi ngamagunya karhulumente. IRiksdag (Parliament) ikwaneKomiti ekwiSigqeba ehlola ukuthobela kukarhulumente ngemigaqo-siseko. I-Sweden inesithethe eside sokubonisana, nemigaqo-siseko yoluntu yokufumana amaxwebhu asemthethweni abhalwe ngomthetho. I-Riksdag (i-Parliament) icela naluphi na uxwebhu olungelulo lwasemthethweni lukarhulumente. I-Ofishinali (Racreen) i-Actical SyPricillicties (icess) i-operation) ihlolisisa urhulumente osembindini. Ulawulo lwesizwe lunenxaxheba kakhulu ekulawulweni kwenkculo-yo, kunye nolunt lwezonganiso olunamandla lwezezondaba-ndaba-ndaba-ndaba-ndaba-ndaba.

I-India

IIndiya, eyona migangatho inkulu yedemokhrasi ehlabathini, inenkqubo entsonkothileyo yolawulo-siseko solawulo-mthetho. IComptroller and General (CAG) yaseIndiya ihlola onke amanqanaba karhulumente kunye neengxelo zePalamente. IKhomishini yeVigilance (CVC) ihlola ukunganyaniseki kumaqumrhu karhulumente aphakathi. Ijusidicariary, ingakumbi iNkundla ePhakamileyo, iye yasebenzisa umdla kawonke-wonke (PI) ukunyanzela ulawulo lukarhulumente. Ilungelo lolwazi linike abemi igunya lokufikelela kumaxwebhu karhulumente (2005). Noko ke, ukuphunyezwa kuhlala kungangqinelangalinganiyo; ukunqongophalala kwemibutho emininzi ebophelelo kunye nengcinezelo yezopolitiko. Phezu kwako oku, iinkqubo zolawulo lwezo zoburhulumente ziye zabhedelwa kweza ihlazo elikhulu kwaye zakhokelela kwiinguqu.

CanadaName

IPalamente yaseKhanada isebenzisa iNdlu yeekomiti ezimiyo zeCommons ukwenzela uphando, ixhaswa yiOfisi yoMphicothi-zincwadi Jikelele, eqhuba uphicotho-zincwadi. I-Ofisi Yongquzulwano LweNtlalo ne-Ethics Commissioner ijonge ihambo entle. I-Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) ihlola izenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho kurhulumente. IKhanada ikwanokufikelela ngokuqinileyo kwimithetho yenkcazelo kunye nenkundla yejaji ezimeleyo. Umsebenzi obalulekileyo kukusetyenziswa kwamagosa epalamente (8) njengoKhomishini yeSikhuthalo solwazi (ookanye noMphathi-ozakunikela ingxelo ngqo kwiPalamente kunokuba akhuthaze ulawulo, ukuzimela inkululeko.

UMzantsi Afrika

IKhomishini yoMgaqo-siseko waseMzantsi Afrika ozimeleyo waqalisa umGaqo-siseko ongomnye: uMKhuseli woLuntu, uMphicothi-zincwadi-Jikelele, iKhomishini yamaLungelo oMzantsi Afrika, kunye neKhomishini yamaLungelo oLuntu eGender Engalinganiyo. UKhuselo loLuntu luphengululi luphengulula izikhalazo nxamnye namagosa karhulumente kwaye lungancomela isenzo sokulungisa, njengoko sibonwa kwingxelo yembali yeNkadda. Iikomiti zePalamente zigcina intloko-ntloko, nangona ulawulo lweqela loburhulumente maxa wambi lunempumelelo elinganiselwe. UMzantsi Afrika ukwaye usebenzisa amaziko eSahlulo 9 ukuxhasa idemo-mfamenti yedemo-mfa. Noko ke, urhulumente ufumana amahlazo phakathi kowe-Grejistiki phakathi kowe-2009 kunye no-2017172017 kukhuthuko olubhencano olubonisa ulawulo olukwinkqubo olukwinkqubo olukwimbalini olulawulayo olulawulayo.

IJapan

IDiet yaseJapan iqhelisela ukuvelela ngeekomiti nangexesha lokubuza, nangona isikhulu esilawulayo sisoloko silawula ucwangciso lomthetho. IBhodi yoPhicotho-zincwadi (uKaikei Kensa-in) ihlolisisa ii-akhawunti zikarhulumente kunye neengxelo kwiDiet. IGunya leSebe leSebe leSebe leMisebenzi lijonge ihambo yoluntu. IJapan ineekhomishini zokucofa ezisebenzayo ezihlola imicimbi karhulumente. Noko ke, ukukhuselwa kwempepho nokungabinamandla okuzinzisayo kunezimvomvo ezisikelwe ngokwembali. Iinguqulelo zakutshanje, ezinjengeWhisledgeiter Protection Act 2004), ziphucule imekobume, kodwa ukugcinwa komsebenzi kuhlala kusemgangatho.

I-Brazil

I-Brazil inenkqubo eqinileyo yokuvelela ngeNkundla yamatyala eFederal (TCU) eqhuba uphicotho-zincwadi lwangaphandle, uphando loBulungiseleli boLuntu olumanyeneyo oluchaphazelela ubuqhetseba, kunye neComptroller General (CGU) ejonge ulawulo lwangaphakathi. I-Ceopera Record Act (Lei da Ficha Limpa) iibhari zabaphulaphuli-mthetho abanokungamela ukusukela eofisini. I-Lava Jato (Car Shash), uphengululo, olusebenzisa ukunqamleza intsko, lubonise ukukwazi ukuphatha okunamandla kwejaji, ukuqhuba inkundla yezomthetho, kunye nokungaqeqeshwa kwemi. Kanti ukungenelela kwezopoliti yezo zezopoliti yezo kuselksi kuselkthi okunzima. I-Brazil ikwanemithetho yokubonakala ngamandla, kuquka nokubonakala kolwazi kuMthetho (2011).

I-Australia

Inkqubo karhulumente wase-Australia iquka i-Ofisi yoPhicotho-zincwadi yeSizwe sase-Australia (ANAO), iKhomishoni yeCommonwealth Ombudsman, neKhomishini ye-Australia yoBulunga boMthetho. Iikomiti zePalamente, ingakumbi iKomiti eManyeneyo yee-Phondo yee-akhawunti zoLuntu noPhicotho-zincwadi, ihlolisisa izimali zikarhulumente. INkundla ePhezulu ihlola ubugqeba bomgaqo-siseko. I-Australia kutshanje isungule iKhomishini yeSizwe esilwa noNtlanganiso (NACC) ngo-2023, ithetha isikhalatho esithe sithethe eside esithe xhathisayo. I-mthetho ye-Ostatemplatensity Comment Admissarity (IC) njengeKhomishini ye-Inte yoLawulo-operantra (IC) e-AC) ekwilikelele i-Acrekholi ye-ography eNewland yase-Ost kuMzantsi Wales.

Iingxaki Kulawulo Lukarhulumente

Phezu kwazo nje iindlela ezahlukahlukeneyo zokuthetha, oorhulumente kuyo yonke indawo bajamelana nemiqobo engapheliyo ebangela ukuba ulongamelo lungabi namsebenzi.

Ukungabikho kokuBhalisa

Ukulawula kufuna ukufikelela kulwazi. Xa oorhulumente bevala ugcino-lwazi, ukucalucalulo lwamaphepha ngokungeyomfuneko, okanye ukulinganisela ugcino-lwazi kunye nokufikelela koluntu, amaqumrhu olawulo akanakusebenza ngokunempumelelo. Kwanamazwe anemithetho eqinileyo ejongene nezithuba zokusetyenziswa kolwazi. Umzekelo, ukulibaziseka ekuphenduleni kwizicelo zolwazi, ii-redactions, kunye nokungahlawuli ukuhlaziywa kwetyala. Ukubonisa ngaphaya kokuchaphazelekayo kuxhomekeke ekuchazeni ngokuphandle kwemili-mali, ii-mali, iingxelo zophicothazo, kunye neengxelo zokuphicothanga zingazange zicelwe.

Umahluko Wezobupolitika

Inkululeko ibalulekile kumaziko olawulo, kodwa abadlali bezobupolitika badla ngokuzama ukuphembelela okanye ukubabamba. Oku kusenokuthatha uhlobo lokumisela abaxhasi abanyanisekileyo, ukusika uqingqo-mali, okanye ukungahoyi izincomo. Kwiimeko ezimaxongo, oorhulumente bachitha amaqumrhu abo okanye bamisela imithetho ethintela amagunya abo. Iindlu zowiso-mthetho zisenokungavumi ukwenza uphando olunentsingiselo lomphathi ophetheyo. Ukungenelela kwezobupolitika akuthintela nje kuphela ukunganyanzeli, kodwa kukwabonisa ukuba abantu abangenayo ingqeqesho, kukhuthaza ukuziphatha okubi.

Izilondolozi Zikavimba

Amaqumrhu amaninzi ooyangqeqesho asebenza ngoqingqo-mali olulinganiselweyo, abasebenzi, nobuchule bobugcisa. Kumazwe afumana imali ephantsi, abaphulaphuli basenokungakufumani ukuqeqeshwa ukulandela ubuninzi bemali obuntsonkothileyo, ngelixesha abanokuthwaliswa kukuxinanisa. Amaqumrhu aphantsi kolawulo angakwazi ukuqhuba uphicotho-zincwadi olucokisekileyo, uphando olufike ngexesha elifanelekileyo, okanye ukuphumelela kokusebenza. Kodwa ukuveliswa koomphathi kuyaxhatshazwa ngokwezobupolitika.

Ukungakhathali Nokunganeliseki

Iinkqubo zokulawula zixhomekeke ekuthabatheni inxaxheba kukawonke-wonke, kwimicimbi yasekuhlaleni, kwibutho labantu, nakwimithombo yamajelo eendaba. Xa abemi bengawazi amalungelo abo okanye bengawafumani ulawulo, abaveleli baphelelwa ngumthwalo wokuvuna. Umvoti ufumana ityala, ukungathathi nxaxheba ekucebiseni uwonke, kunye nemibutho ebuthathaka yoluntu konke kunegalelo. Kwezinye iimeko, uloyiko lokuziphindezela okanye ukudimazeka kwamaziko asekuhlaleni kuyabadimazisa abantu ekuxeleni urhwebeva okanye ekufuneni ukhuseleko. Ukukhuthaza imfundo yezentengi, ukukhusela abavuli, nokuxhasa i-medipool, nokuxhasa izibonelelo zekhompyutha ezizimeleyo kunceda abantu ekupheliseni ukungakhathali.

Ukukhuthaza Iminqweno Nezenzo Ezisemgangathweni Kulawulo Lorhulumente

Ubugcisa obutsha kunye nemigaqo yolawulo elawulayo ibuyisela ulawulo emhlabeni wonke.

Ubuchule bolawulo nogcino-lwazi oluvulekileyo lwamanani

Izixhobo zamanani zinceda ukujongwa kwemisebenzi karhulumente. Iindawo zogcino-lwazi ezivulekileyo zipapasha uqingqo-mali, iirekhodi zokuthenga, kunye nezibonisi zokwenza. Uphicotho-mthetho lwemithetho-mthetho lungamisa iipateni ezikrokrelekayo ekuchitheni imali kawonke-wonke. Umzekelo, inkqubo ye-email ye-avernance ivumela abemi ukuba balandele indlela iirhafu zabo ezisetyenziswa ngayo. IPortal da Transpararência yaseBrazil inika ugcino-data yemfuthotho-mali kwizivumelwano nentlawulo. Kodwa ulawulo lwamanani kufuneka lunike idilesi yokhuseleko lwe-data, i-algastimeticstion, kunye nokukhutshwa kwaloo mntu ungena kwi-intanethi.

Ukhuseleko Lomvuthulu

Abacuphi balukhuseli benkcazelo ephambili ngokuziphatha okubi korhulumente. Amazwe amaninzi aye amisela imithetho yokukhusela abasebenzi bamacandelo oluntu ababhenca ububi. I-European Union’s Whistle Pulpher Protection Direvideviate (209) imisela imilinganiselo encinci kumazwe angamalungu. I-United States imisele i-octiveer prorivess production Protection Act ephantsi kweWhistletteer Protection kunye ne-Empic. Kodwa abasebenzi abacuphisi basoloko bejongene nempindi, ubuchule bokuziqhushumbisa, okanye ukuhlasela okusemthethweni. I-zikhuseli ezisebenzayo zifuna ukuba iziququ zabo zifumane izikhala zemali kunye ne-IM.

Amanyathelo Okulawula Abaphathi Abami

Uhlolo olusekelwe kuluntu, olufana nophicotho-zincwadi lwezentlalo eIndiya, lunceda abemi baqinisekise ubunjani bemisebenzi neenkonzo zikawonke-wonke. Uqingqo-mali kwizixeko ezifana nePorto Alegre (Brazil) neNew York lusasaze kwimimandla engaphezu kwe7 000 ehlabathini lonke. Iikomiti zolawulo lwabemi, kuquka ezo zotshintsho lwamapolisa okanye iikomiti zesikolo, zinika igalelo elithe ngqo. [[FLT: 0] Ulawulo loRhulumente oluvulekileyo lukhuthaza inyathelo elinjalo elikhoyo emhlabeni wonke, namazwe angaphezu kwama-70 afuna ukubonakala nokuthabatha inxaxheba kwizenteleko yoluntu.

Intsebenziswano Nemilinganiselo Yamazwe Ngamazwe

Intsebenziswano yemida enqamlezileyo yomeleza uphatho lwemali okanye amandla okuhambisa imida yesizwe. Indibano ye-OECD elwa noGawulayo weBribby inceda ekunyanzeleni ukunyanzeliswa kokunyotywa kwamanye amazwe. I-Financial Action Task Force imisela imigangatho ngokuchasene nokusetyenziswa kwemali okuchaphazela ukufunyanwa korhulumente. I-International Association of Anti-Corruption Processition Processs abagcopherist kunye nabacuphisi. Noko ke, ubuchule bezizwe ngezizwe zixhomekeke ekuzalisekiseni amakhaya kwaye ezopolitiko ziza kusebenza.

Isiphelo

Ulawulo lukarhulumente asiyonto ibalulekileyo . kukungathathi-nxaxheba kwemisebenzi kawonke-wonke ethembekileyo. Uhlolisiso oluthelekisayo lwezenzo zezizwe ngezizwe lutyhila ukuba ngoxa imigaqo yobuveleli ikho jikelele, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuyahluka ngokwendlela eyilwe ngumGaqo-siseko, inkcubeko yezobupolitika, kunye nomongo wembali. Ezona ndlela zobuveleli ziphumelelayo zidibanisa uwiso-mthetho, ikomiti yogwebo, ikomiti yomthetho, kunye neenkqubo zolawulo kunye nokusebenza okusebenzayo kunye nokuthandyelela ubuchule. Noko ke, onke amazwe ajongene nemingeni exhaphakileyo yezo zezobupolitika, imibandela exhomekeka, kunye nokungabi nankathalo kawonke. Ukusebenzisa izixhobo zobugcisa, ukukhusela ababhexeshi, nokukhuthaza ukubekwa kwemibutho, ukukhuthaza ulawulo oluqinileyoko lolawulo ngenkulungwane yama-21.