Ukuqonda Ukukhululeka Kwabemi Ngemeko

Inkululeko yamakhaya yindawo ephambili yoluntu olulawulwa yidemokhrasi, emela amalungelo abalulekileyo kunye nenkuselo ekhusela abantu ekuphathweni ngurhulumente. Le nkululeko ayihlali ihleli; iyaxoxwa, iyadityaniswa, kwaye iyavavanywa ekuhambeni kwexesha ngemithetho egwebayo, iingxoxo zomthetho, kunye nezenzo zoluntu. Embilinini yabo, inkululeko yoluntu iquka inkululeko yokuthetha, ilungelo lokuthetha, ilungelo lokuzimela, inkululeko yokuhlanganisa, inkqubo yomthetho, kunye nenkululeko yonqulo. Ngamnye wabo uqinisekisa ukuba abemi banokuba nenxaxheba kubomi babantu, babonise ukungavisisani, kwaye bagcine imicimbi yabo yobuqu ngaphandle kokungenelwa kwemeko yesizwe.

Ingcamango yenkululeko yabemi isekelwe ngokunzulu kwintanda-bulumko yokukhanyiselwa, ingakumbi umsebenzi weenkcuba - buchopho njengoJohn Locke kunye noMontesquieu, owathi urhulumente osemthethweni uxhomekeke kwimvume yabalawulwayo kwaye umele uwahlonele amalungelo emvelo angokwemvelo. Kule mihla, ezi nkululeko zidityaniswe kwimimiselo yesizwe nakwizixhobo zamalungelo abantu zezizwe ngezizwe, ezifana neSibhengezo somhlaba Wonke samalungelo abantu. Noko ke, umlinganiselo othe ngqo wala malungelo uyaqhubeka udityaniswa, ingakumbi xa zibonakala zingqubana neemfuno zokhuseleko ezimanyeneyo.

Ngokomzekelo, inkululeko yokuthetha ayiphelelanga; ayikukhuseli ukuphenjelelwa kogonyamelo, ukuhlanjalazwa, okanye ukuhlanjalazwa. Ngokufanayo, ilungelo lokuzifihla kumntu wedwa lisenokunikezela kwisiqinisekiso sokufuna okusemthethweni okanye uphando lokhuseleko lwesizwe. Ucelomngeni lukuchaza imida apho ubani angena khona kakuhle kwaye kuqalisa umdla osemthethweni woluntu. Oku kufuna ukulungelelanisa izenzo ezihlonela isidima somntu ngamnye ngoxa kugcinwa ucwangco lwentlalo.

Ukhuseleko Loluntu Njengomgaqo-nkqubo Worhulumente

Ukhuseleko lukawonke-wonke luquka izenzo ezininzi ezithatyathwa ngurhulumente ukukhusela abantu kwingozi, enoba kulwaphulo-mthetho, kwiintlekele zemvelo, ubugrogrisi okanye izifo. Luquka ukunyanzeliswa komthetho, ukusabela ngokwezengxamiseko, ukujongwa kwempilo yoluntu, nokulungiselelwa kwentlekele. Umsebenzi weli lizwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukhuseleko lusebenza ngokusemthethweni, usekelwe kwingcamango yesivumelwano sentlalo yokuba abemi bathengisa inkululeko ethile ukuze bafumane isithembiso sokhuseleko nenkuselo.

Isiseko esingundoqo sokhuseleko lukawonke-wonke siquka:

  • Imithetho elawulayo kunye nenkqubo yolwaphulo-mthetho ezithintela kwaye ziphendule kulwaphulo-mthetho. Ubuchule beenkonzo zezonyango, amasebe omlilo, kunye namaqela okuphendula kwintlekele.
  • Amaziko ezempilo kawonke wonke ahlola ukuqhambuka, anyanzelisa abantu ukuba bahlukane nabantu, aze akhuthaze ukugonywa.
  • Ubukrelekrele nemibutho elwa nezobuphekula ekwaziyo ukufumanisa nokuphelisa izisongelo.

Nangona imiqathango yokhuseleko lukawonke-wonke yenzelwe ukukhusela, bayakwazi ukubeka iindleko ezibalulekileyo kwinkululeko yabemi. Ukuhlola iMikhosi, ukuvalelwa ngokungenantsingiselo, ukukhuselwa kwesizwe, nemiqathango engqungquthela yonke imiqathango efunyenweyo egameni lokhuseleko. Umbuzo obalulekileyo asingokuba amanyathelo anjalo anokugwetyelwa kusini na, kodwa phantsi kwaphantsi kwaziphi iimeko kwaye kutheni na ukuba zingasetyenziswa ngaphandle kokuphelisa inkululeko engundoqo echaza ibutho ledemokhrasi.

Iziganeko Zembali: Izifundo Ezifumaneka Kwiingxaki Nakwiimpendulo

Imbali inikela imizekelo emininzi apho oorhulumente baye banciphisa inkululeko yabantu ngenxa yokujamelana nezisongelo, ngokufuthi nto leyo eye yabangela ukuba kubekho imiphumo ehlala ihleli kulawulo lolawulo - melo.

Imisebenzi YeAlien NeyeSedition (1798)

EUnited States, iAlien neSedition Acts zaziphakathi kovavanyo lokuqala lolungelelwano phakathi kokuthetha ngokukhululekileyo nokhuseleko lwesizwe. Idlula ngexesha lemfazwe yomkhosi wamanzi engaxelwanga neFransi, le mithetho yathetha ubuxoki obugxeka urhulumente yaza yavumela ukugxothwa kwabantu abangengobantu baphantsi kwemfazwe ukuba bagqalwe njengengozi. Nangona babenempikiswano kwaye ekugqibeleni baphinda babekwa umzekelo wokucinezela ukungavisisani ngexesha lemfazwe.

Ukutshatyalaliswa kweMfazwe Yamakhaya kaHabeas Corpus

Ngexesha lemfazwe yamakhaya yaseMerika, uMongameli uAbraham Lincoln wabeka ityala le-habeas corpus, evumela ukuba abaxhasi abarhanelwayo bavalelwe ngokungenasiphelo. Eli nyathelo lagwetyelwa imfuneko yokugcina ucwangco kumaphondo asemagunyeni nokukhusela ikomkhulu, kodwa laphakamisa imibuzo ehlala ihleli malunga namandla olawulo kunye nenkqubo ekufuneka yenziwe ngexesha longxamiseko.

Ungenelelo lwaseMerika lwaseJapan

Mhlawumbi ulwaphulo-mthetho olunesidima kakhulu lwenkululeko yabemi eUnited States lwenzeka ebudeni bemfazwe yehlabathi II, xa amaMelika angama-200,000 anyanzelelwa ukuba afuduke ewase emkhosini aze avalelwe kwiinkampu. Urhulumente wakhankanya imfuneko yomkhosi noloyiko lobukhokeli, kodwa kamva uphando alufumani bungqina bobuqhetseba. Olu xwebhu lubonisa indlela ikhethe lobuhlanga elinokudibana ngayo namaxhala okhuseleko ukuvelisa ukwaphulwa kwamalungelo.

Isalathisi somsebenzi wePhondo

Kwimfazwe yomlomo yokuqala, iSenator Joseph McCarty wakhokela kwiphulo lokuchasene nothiwa ubukhomanisi bokungena kurhulumente wase-United States nakwibutho labantu. Eli xesha labona abalawuli abamnyama, izifungo zokunyaniseka, nokuva iindlebe zombutho ezazitshabalalisa imisebenzi nobomi obusekelwe kubungqina obungacacanga. Inkxalabo ephakathi kwabantu ababejongene neSoviet yakhokelela ekucinezelwani kwentetho yezobupolitika kunye nomanyano olwathatha amashumi eminyaka.

Umthetho we-USA PTRIOT (2001)

Emva kohlaselo lwe-septemba 11, iKhomfama yase-U.S. ngokukhawuleza yadlula uMthetho NGUSUSA PRITIOT , owandisa amandla okuhlola, wakhulula imiqathango yokukhupha intsimbi, kwaye wavunyelwa ukuba "i-sneak kunye nokukhangela" iziqinisekiso. Ngelixesha abaxhasi babephikisana ngezi zixhobo kwakuyimfuneko ukuthintela uhlaselo lwexesha elizayo, abagxeki baphikisa ukuba bathobe ukhuseleko lweSine Solawulo ngokungafunisi. Isenzo sabangela ukuba kubekho impikiswano yesizwe eyimfihlo enxulumene nokhuseleko oluqhubekayo namhlanje, ingakumbi ngokuphathelele ukuqokelelwa kwamazambuku lwemida ngaphantsi kweCandelo lweCandelo eli-1255.

Ulwandiso lweSizwe soKhuseleko

Imfazwe yehlabathi lonke ebangelwa luloyiko yakhokelela kumlinganiselo ofana nokwenziwa kweSebe loKhuseleko lwaseHomeland, ukukhutshwa kwesikhululo seenqwelo-moya, nokusekwa kweenkundla zomkhosi zababanjwa eGuantánamo Bay. Ngalinye lala manyathelo lamela ukurhweba phakathi kokhuseleko namalungelo, kunye namaqondo ahlukahlukeneyo olawulo noxa uxanduva lukawonke-wonke. Amava abonise ukuba xa amagunya okhuseleko enikwa, anqabile ukubuyela emva ngokupheleleyo, kwanasemva kokuba isisongelo esicingelwa ukuba siphelile.

Amanyathelo empilo kawonke-wonke e-COVID-19

Isifo esingu-2020-2021 sazisa umlinganiselo omtsha kwingxoxo ekhuselekileyo. Oorhulumente ehlabathini lonke bamisela izindululo, izithintelo zokuvala amasigqubuthelo, imiqathango yokuhamba, kunye neemfuno zomqhano. La manyathelo asindisa ubomi kodwa akwasikelwe imiqathango yenkululeko yokuhamba, yendibano, kunye nemisebenzi yezoqoqosho. Impendulo yabalaselisa uxinezeleko phakathi komntu ngamnye nempilo yeqela, ekhokelela ekuqhankcaphukeni, kwimingeni engokwasemthethweni, kunye nokwahlukana okunzulu kwentlalo. Yabonisa nokubaluleka kokubonakala mhlophe, ukwenza izigqibo ezisekelwe kwinzululwazi kunye nemfuneko yokutshona kwemiba ekulawuleni kwemeko yongxamiseko.

Iingxaki Zangoku Ekungeneni Kwenkululeko Nokhuseleko

Namhlanje, ukulungelelana kuzisa imibandela emininzi entsonkothileyo efuna ukwenziwa ngendlela ecacileyo.

Ingxowa-mali Eninzi Nemfihlo Yamanani

Utshintsho lwamanani luye lwanceda umgangatho ongazange ubonwe worhulumente kunye noophando lweenkampani. Ubugcisa obufana nokubonwa kobuso, iimfaniso zeselthi (Iindlela zokuhlola ikhompyutha), kunye nogcino-lwazi lwezithintelo zivumela abasemagunyeni ukuba balandele intshukumo zabantu, unxibelelwano, kunye neemanyano. Ngelixesha ezi zixhobo zinceda ekucombululeni ulwaphulo-mthetho zize zithintele ukuhlasela, zikwabeka isisongelo kwimicimbi yangasese kunye nokungabonwa kwamagama afihlakeleyo. Ukwanda kweekhamera zokuhlola imimandla yoluntu, ukusetyenziswa kokuhlolwa kwezentlalo-lwazi lwezekwemichiza kuphakamisa inkxalabo ngeziphumo ezimathelekisa ulwaphulo-lwazi ezimanyuko kunye nomanyano olusemthethweni.

Ngo-2013, ukhupho lwe-Snowden's malunga nodweliso lwemida emininzi yemida yemida yebhanyazo yesizwe yabangela ingxoxo yomhlaba wonke ekujongweni. Izichaphazelo eziphumayo, ezifana noMthetho we-USA Freedom ka-2015, zibekwe imida ethobayo kodwa azikhange zitshintshe umlinganiselo wamandla. Unyuko lwezibalo ezifihliweyo zokuthumela imiyalezo luyenza ibe nzima ngakumbi le mbambano, njengoko umthetho uphikisa ukuba "ukuhamba mnyama" kuthintela uphengululo, loxa abaxhasi becala bemiqathango baqinisekisa ukuba ukukhuselwa okunamandla kokhuseleko nokubonakaliswa ngokukhululekileyo. Olu xinzelo oluphakathi kokhuseleko kunye nemfihlo lungathi lunyusekunyuka njengobugcisa.

Ukulwa Nobunqolobi Neentlondi Zobuhlanga

Imigudu yokuthintela uhlaselo lwabanqolobi iye yakhokelela kwizenzo ezithi ngokungenakuthelekiswa nanto zihlasele ubuhlanga, unqulo, okanye amaqela esizwe. EUnited States, emva kwexesha eli-9/11 kwadalwa ukukhutshwa kwemiqathango engekho mgangathweni, uhlolo olunyuliweyo lwabahambi abasuka kumazwe amaSilamsi, kunye nokujongwa kwamarhamncwa. Ngoxa amagosa okhuseleko emi aphikisa ukuba la manyathelo asekelwe kubukrelekrele, akwabeka engozini yokuphambuka kwemibutho yasemzini kunye nokuphelelwa komthetho.

Indlela elungelelene ngakumbi ibhekisele kwizalathiso ezisekelwe kwisimilo, i-politiki yoluntu, kunye namanyathelo okwakha ukuthembana ahlonela inkululeko yabemi ngeli xesha kuthintelwa izisongelo. Amanye amazwe aye amkela iindlela zamalungelo abantu ezidibeneyo zobuphekula [ ezigxininisa umthetho, inkqubo efunekayo, kunye nokulungelelana.

Iziphumo zePandemic kunye nokwanda kwempilo yoluntu

Isifo se-COVOID-19 sabonisa indlela iingozi zonyango lukawonke-wonke ezinokuthi zikhokelele ngayo kwimiqathango ekhawulezileyo kwintshukumo, kwindibano, nakurhwebo. Ezi zicwangciso zokudibana, iipeyinti zokunyanga, kunye nemiyalelo yokunyanzelisa abantu ukuba bafumane indawo eyimfihlo, ukunyanzelisa impatho-mbini. Umzekelo, amanye amazwe asebenzisa ii-data zendawo kwicell phone ukunyanzelisa ukutshixa, ngoxa amanye efuna ubungqina bokugonya ukufikelela kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke. Ezi zinyathelo zinokuba luncedo ekulawuleni izifo ezisasazekileyo, kodwa akwakwanokuba sengozini yokwenza ulawulo oluqhelekileyo.

Isikhokelo sokulungelelanisa impilo yoluntu nenkululeko yabemi sixhomekeke ekuqinisekiseni ukuba amanyathelo alungelelanisiweyo, alungelelanisiweyo, kwaye aphantsi kokuhlolisiswa rhoqo. IWorld Health Organization iye yagxininisa ukuba amalungelo abantu amele abe semgangathweni wokusabela kwizifo ezimandundu, kwaye nayiphi na imiqathango kufuneka ifuneke, isengqiqweni, kwaye ingabi natyala.

Ukuqhatha Nokungathobeli Kwabemi

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukuqhankqalaza okukhulu ngenxa yenkohlakalo yamapolisa, isigwebo sobuhlanga, kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu kuye kwavavanya imida yokuhlanganisana ngokukhululekileyo nokuthetha. Oorhulumente baye baphendula ngexesha lokufika kwexesha, ukurhoxa kwemiyalelo, kwezinye iimeko, ukwanda koophando lwabaxhasi. Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla nxamnye nabaqhankqalazi abanoxolo, njengokuba kuboniswa kwi-202020 B B B Life Matter imiboniso ebonisa ukugwetywa nocelomngeni olusemthethweni. Okwangoku, ukuhlasela kwe-U. uCapitol kwabala ingozi yokuvumela ukuvukelwa kwemibhiyo ukuba iguquke.

Ukulungelelanisa ilungelo lokuqhayisa nokhuseleko lukawonke-wonke kufuna imigangatho ecacileyo yomthetho, uqeqesho lokuhlaziywa kwamapolisa, kunye nolawulo oluzimeleyo. Umgaqo wokuba urhulumente kufuneka abangele ukuqhankqalaza koxolo, kungekhona ukukucinezela, kusemgangathweni kulawulo-demokhrasi.

Imisebenzi Yesakhelo Esemthethweni Nomgaqo-siseko Wokwandiswa

Iinkqubo zomthetho zilungiselela izakhiwo zokuhlola ixesha nendlela inkululeko yabemi enokuthi ibekelwe imiqathango ngayo ngokusemthethweni. Umgaqo wokulungelelanisa sisixhobo esingundoqo kolu hlalutyo: nawuphi na umlinganiselo wasekunene kufuneka ufuneke ukuze ufikelele injongo esemthethweni (njengokukhusela kukawonke-wonke) kwaye kufuneka ube yeyona ndlela ingqongqo kakhulu ekhoyo.

Ukhuseleko lomGaqo-siseko

EUnited States, iBhili yamaLungelo inikela ukhuseleko olucacileyo olunokuchaswa kuphela phantsi kweemeko ezithile. UMthetho-mboleko wesine ufuna imvume esekelwe kwisizathu esilindelekileyo; uMmiselo Wokuqala woLawulo uyayilela imithetho evaliweyo yokuthetha okanye yokuhlanganisa; iMithetho-mda yesihlanu neyeshumi elinesine iqinisekisa inkqubo efunekayo. Ijudicary yenza indima ebalulekileyo ekuchazeni ezi nkukhusela, ngokufuthi ifuna ukuba izenzo zikarhulumente zilungiswe ngokucuthayo kwaye ziqwalaselwe.

Umzekelo, isigqibo seNkundla ePhakamileyo SAPLAN v. Alabama [1958]) ikhusela ilungelo lemibutho ukugcina uluhlu lwayo luyimfihlo, iqonda ukuba ukunyanzeleka kwe-option kunokubangela unxulumano olubandayo. Kutshanje, kusetyenziswa i-Carpeent v. United States[FLT] [[FLT] (2088), iNkuxhasa ukuba ukufikelela kwendlela yeselfowuni yembali kubandakanya uphando lwe-cell kubandakanya ulawulo lwesine, ifuna isiqinisekiso. Ezi zigqibo zibonisa umgudu oqhubekayo wokulungisa ukhuseleko lomgaqo-mthetho-siseko wezobugcisa obutsha.

UMthetho waMalungelo abantu Ehlabathi

Izivumelwano zezizwe ngezizwe, ezifana ne-International Common and Political Rights, zinika isiseko sokulinganisela amalungelo nokhuseleko. Zifuna ukuba nayiphi na imiqathango yamalungelo inikwe ngumthetho, iyimfuneko ukukhusela ukhuseleko lwesizwe okanye ucwangco lukawonke wonke, kwaye ilungelelane nesisongelo. [ IKomiti yamalungelo abantu ye-UN [ ihlola rhoqo iingxelo zephondo kunye namagqabaza jikelele kule mibango.

Isivumelwano saseYurophu samaLungu samalungelo abantu ngokufanayo sivumela imiqathango emalunga namalungelo esizwe nokhuseleko lukawonke-wonke, kodwa kufuneka ukuba amanyathelo anjalo abe "ayimfuneko kwibutho ledemokhrasi". INkundla yaseYurophu yamalungelo abantu ibonise ukuba iinkqubo zokuhlola zingqubana nelungelo lokuzikhusela, kwaye oorhulumente kufuneka banikele ukhuseleko olwaneleyo ekuxhatshazweni.

Ulawulo lomthetho noClaus

Ulawulo-melo oluninzi lubandakanya uphatho lwepalamente kunye namalungiselelo okutshona kwelanga kumthetho wokhuseleko ukuthintela ukwanda okungagqibekanga kwamagunya. Umzekelo, amalungiselelo amaninzi oMthetho we-USA PATRIOT aba nemihla yokutshona kwelanga, efuna ukuba iBhunga liphinde liwaqulunqe emva kokuphikisana nokusebenza kwalo kunye nempembelelo yamalungelo. Abenzi bomthetho bemikhosi rhoqo bahlolisisa kwakhona imfuneko yamandla okuhlola nokuqwalasela iinguqu ezisekelwe kumava.

Amaqumrhu olawulo oluzimeleyo, anjengeekhomishinari zemicimbi yangasese kunye neenjengele ezihlola izinto zezokhuseleko, nawo anendima ebalulekileyo ekuhloleni indlela abameli abawasebenzisa ngayo amagunya abo. La maziko angacebisa ukuba kwenziwe uhlengahlengiso xa amalungelo ephazanyiswa ngokungenakulinganiswa.

Ukulungelelana: Imigudu Yolawulo - melo Olusempilweni

Ukufumana ulungelelwano olufanelekileyo phakathi kwenkululeko yabemi nokhuseleko lukawonke-wonke kufuna ukuzibophelela okuqhubekayo kuwo onke amacandelo ebutho labantu. Akukho ndlela inye esebenzayo kuyo yonke imeko, kodwa imigaqo emininzi kunye nezenzo zingakhokela ekwenzeni izigqibo.

Ukucaca kwengxelo nokuphendula

Izenzo zikarhulumente ezithintela inkululeko yabemi kufuneka zigwetyelwe ngokuphandle kwaye zifanele zihlolwe ngokwamanyathelo azimeleyo. Xa iinkqubo zokujonga okanye amanyathelo ongxamiseko eyimfihlo, umngcipheko wokuxhatshazwa ukhula ngokuphawulekayo. Ukwenziwa komgaqo-nkqubo, ukupapashwa kwezibalo, nokungqinelana phambi kokuba iikomiti zowiso-mthetho zincede uluntu ukuba luthembeke kwaye zivumele ingxoxo engolwaziwayo.

Iinkqubo zokuphendula, kuquka imiyalelo yokugweba, uphando jikelele, kunye nokunyanga ukuphulwa kwamalungelo abantu, ziqinisekisa ukuba amagosa agqithe imida ajamelana neziphumo. Indaleko yeNkundla yezobuNgqila Bezizwe Engahambiyo eUnited States, ngokomzekelo, iye yaqhubela phambili kwiinzame ezingakumbi zokukhusela bhetele inkululeko yasekuhlaleni.

Ubandakanyeko nokuziphatha

Ukhuseleko lukawonke wonke lusebenza kakhulu xa luveliswa kunye noluntu olulusebenzisayo. Iinkqubo zoluntu ezibandakanya abemi basekuhlaleni ekuchazeni iingxaki kwaye izisombululo zinganciphisa iingxwabangxwaba kwaye ziphucule iziphumo ngaphandle kokunyanzelwa kwesandla esinzima. Ngokufanayo, amaphulo ezempilo kawonke wonke agxininisa ukuthobela ngokuzithandela kunokuba anyanzele aphumelele ekuhambeni kwexesha.

Kumongo wobunqolobi obuchasene nolwaphulo-mthetho, iinkqubo ezisekelwe kuluntu ezinika inkxaso nongenelelo lokuqala kubantu abasengozini yokubekwa umva zinokuba luncedo kakhulu kunokujongwa kwabantu abaninzi. Amaqhinga okuthintela iUnited Kingdom, phezu kwako nje ukugxekwa, amela imigudu yokulinganisa ukhuseleko kunye nokubotshwa kwebutho labantu.

Ulawulo kunye nenkqubo yerhamncwa

Phambi kokwamkela umlinganiselo olinganisela inkululeko yabemi, abenzi benkqubo kufuneka babuze ukuba injongo ingaphunyezwa na ngandlel'encinci. Umzekelo, uphando olujoliswe ekucingeleni okukhethekileyo lusoloko lungcono kuqokelelo lwezambuku zogcino-lwazi lwabo bonke. Amandla ongxamiseko kufuneka alinganiswe ngexesha kwaye alinganiswe kubunzulu besisongelo.

Iinkundla zikwasebenzisa uhlolo lolungelelwaniso xa kucelw ’ umngeni amanyathelo okhuseleko. Kumazwe amaninzi aseYurophu, imithetho efuna iinkampani zezokunxibelelana ngonxibelelwano ukuba zigcine yonke idata yabathengi kangangeenyanga ezintandathu ukuya kwezimbini ibethelwe phantsi njengengenakulinganiswa. INkundla yaseYurophu yeJaji ye-Irland Digital Rights Ireland[ isigqibo (2014] ifunyanise okokuba ukuphembeka kwesondo kwaphulwa kwesondo kwaphule amalungelo obuqu.

Imfundo Nentetho yesidlangalala

Imikhosi yabemi ixhomekeke kubemi abanolwazi oluqonda ukubaluleka kwenkululeko yabemi kunye nemfuneko yokhuseleko lukawonke-wonke. Izikolo, amajelo-ndaba nemibutho yasekuhlaleni inokuba luncedo ekukhuliseni le ngqiqo. Xa abemi beluxabisa urhwebo olubandakanyekileyo, baxhotyiswe bhetele ukuba babandakanyeke kwinkcitho yedemokhrasi kwaye babeke oorhulumente exanduva.

Intetho yesidlangalala ifanele iphephe zombini ezi zinto zigabadeleyo: ukugatya onke amanyathelo okhuseleko njengolawulo olungqongqo, okanye ukwamkela nayiphi na imiqathango njengoko iyimfuneko. Kunoko, impikiswano elinganiselweyo ehlolisisa ubungqina, eqwalasela ezinye iindlela ezinokusetyenziswa, nentlonelo ngamalungelo awo onke amaqela ibalulekile ukuze kugcinwe ulungelelwano.

Isiphelo

Ulwalamano phakathi kwenkululeko yabemi nokhuseleko lukawonke-wonke asingomdlalo we-zero-sum; lunxibelelwano oluqhubekayo olubonisa amaxabiso ebutho labantu nokukulungela kwalo ukukhusela zombini ukhuseleko nenkululeko. Imbali ibonisa ukuba intsabelo elula kumathuba amanqam kukuhlisa amalungelo, kodwa ixabiso lexesha elide lokwenza oko linokuba libi kakhulu, lidala icandelo, kwaye ekugqibeleni liyenza buthathaka kwawawo amaqumrhu anika ukhuseleko.

Idemokhrasi ekwaziyo ukumelana nemeko kufuneka yakhe amaziko nezithethe ezivumela amanyathelo okhuseleko oluqinileyo loluntu lodwa ngoxa igcina ukhuseleko olunamandla lwamalungelo omntu ngamnye. Oku kufuna ukuphaphanyiswa ngokuchasene nesilingo sokwenza amagunya ongxamiseko aqhelekileyo, ulawulo oluzimeleyo lwamaziko okhuseleko, kunye nokuzinikela ekulungelelaniseni nasekuboneni ngaphaya kwethuba ngalinye. Njengoko kuvela ubugcisa obutsha nezisongelo, imfuneko yokuhlalutyiswa ngenyameko nengxoxo equkunjelweyo iyangxamiseka ngakumbi.

Injongo ayikokukhetha phakathi kwenkululeko nokhuseleko kodwa kukudala ibutho labantu apho zombini zinokuphumelela. Olo celomngeni luxhomekeke kwisizukulwana ngasinye, kwaye lufuna ukuba nenxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo kubemi, abamisi-mthetho, kunye nabagwebi ngokufanayo. Ngokuxhasa imigaqo yenkqubo efanelekileyo, yenkululeko, kunye nentetho yamadlamntya ekhululekileyo (hhlwili) ikamva elikhuselekileyo nelikhululekileyo.