Luyintoni Unyulo Lomongameli?

Unyulo lomongameli luyenzeka rhoqo kwiminyaka emine emva koMvulo wokuqala ngoNovemba. Ngexesha lonyulo, abavoti bakhetha uMongameli noMongameli onguMongameli wase-United States ngenkqubo yeKholeji yase-Electoral. Olu nyulo lumela isiganeko sezobupolitika esiphezulu kwilizwe, ukuzoba ijelo londaba elinzulu, iindleko ezinkulu zemali, kunye noyena uvoti uphakamileyo ujika umjikelo wonyulo.

Le nkqubo iqala ixesha elide ngaphambi koSuku Lokhetho. Izaqulu-gqabaza ezivela kumaqela amakhulu ezobupolitika zikhuphisana kuqala kunyulo oluphambili kunye nonyuso olubanjwe kwimo nganye, oludla ngokuqala ekuqaleni kwexesha lentlanga. Olu khuphiswano lugqiba umtyunjwa ngamnye, oye ngoko unyulo jikelele lunyuswe ngokusemthethweni kwindibano yesizwe yeqela ehlotyeni.

Unyulo lomongameli lukwamisela ulawulo lwesebe eliphetheyo, eliquka iWhite House, amaqumrhu karhulumente, kunye neKhabhinethi. Umongameli ophumeleleyo umisela ingxubusho yokhuseleko lwesizwe, inkqubo yezoqoqosho, unyango, ukufuduka, kunye nonxulumano lwangaphandle.

IFektarate yeKholeji ye-Electoral

Ngokungafaniyo namanye amazwe edemokhrasi, i-United States isebenzisa iElectoral College kunokuba ivote ethandwayo yesizwe ukumisela umvuzo wonyulo lomongameli. Urhulumente ngamnye ufumana inani labanyuli abalingana neqela lakhe elipheleleyo labathunywa (izihlalo zeNdlu kunye nezihlalo zeNtlanganiso). Umvotelwa kufuneka ubuncinane ama-270 amavoti asuka kuma-58. Le nkqubo ithetha ukuba amaphondo kunye namaphondo emfazwe afumana ingqalelo ephambili kumaphulo, ngexa kuthenjiswano, ngelixa kusenziwa ngobomvu okanye kumazwe aluhlaza angabona iphucuthenelisa iphulo.

Yintoni Imilinganiselo Yokhetho?

Unyulo lwemingxuma yexesha eliphakathi luthatha isiqingatha ngokwesihlalo somongameli seminyaka emine, lusoloko luwa ngomhla omnye njengonyulo lomongameli: uLwesibini lokuqala emva koMvulo wokuqala ngoNovemba. Ngethuba lophakathi, abavoti bonke abangama-435 bamalungu eNdlu yabameli kunye malunga nesithathu sezihlalo zeNdlu zeNtlanga. IiMidterns ziquka kwakhona ububanzi bemida yesizwe kunye neyokummandla, kuquka nonyulo lwe-gabhurenteriator kumazwe amaninzi, imincinti yomthetho, imiqobo, imilinganiselo yemithetho ye-colotte, kunye nee-ofisi zikamasipala.

Igama "midterm" livela kwixesha: olu nyulo luyenzeka phakathi kwegama lomongameli. Ngokwembali, unyulo oluphakathi kwexesha luvelisa unyulo olusezantsi kunonyulo lomongameli, ngokufuthi ngomgca wephepha obalulekileyo. Noko ke, lungalandelani nomgaqo welizwe.

Yintoni Ekwibhola Esetyenziswa Ngemijukujelwa?

  • Indlu yonke yama-435 yezihlalo zabameli (amabinzana eminyaka emibini)
  • malunga nesithuba sesithathu sezihlalo zeNtlanganiso (amagama aneminyaka emithandathu)
  • 36 amazwe aba nonyulo lwe-gubernator kwimijikelo ephakathi kwixesha
  • Iintsuku zowiso-mthetho zikarhulumente kumaphondo angama- 46
  • Imilinganiselo yokubhalisa kwimicimbi efana nokuqhomfa, ukubhaliswa komya, ukuthotywa kwerhafu namalungelo okuvota
  • iiofisi zamaphondo nomasipala, kuquka abaphathi-mikhosi, amalungu equmrhu lesikolo, noosodolophu

Kuba phakathi kwithuba alibonisi gqatso lomongameli phezulu kwethikithi, umvoti usoloko ejongisa ingqalelo kwimiba yomgangatho woluntu nowasekuhlaleni. Oku kungakhokelela kwiphulo elinamandla angaqhelekanga xa kuthelekiswa neminyaka yobumongameli.

Umahluko ongundoqo phakathi konyulo loMongameli noloMbindi wexesha

Ngoxa zombini iintlobo zonyulo zinesiseko esinye somGaqo-siseko, zahluka ngeendlela eziliqela ezibalulekileyo ezifanele ziqondwe ngumntu ngamnye ovotayo.

Ubuninzi nokwexesha

Unyulo lomongameli lwenzeka rhoqo emva kweminyaka emine ngaphandle kokhetho. Unyulo lwemiphakathi luyenzeka rhoqo emva kweminyaka emine kodwa lusoloko lubekwe phakathi konyulo lomongameli. Oku kuthetha ukuba kwiminyaka emibini yonke kunyulwa, kungaba lunyulo lomongameli okanye unyulo lwaphakathi kwexesha. Unyulo lomongameli lwama-2024, umzekelo, luza kulandelwa lunyulo lwaphakathi kweminyaka engama-2026.

Ii-ofisi ezivavanywe

Umahluko ocacileyo wokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo uxhomekeke apho ii-ofisi zikwisixhobo sokuvota. Unyulo lomongameli lujolise kwisebe eliphetheyo: abavoti bakhetha umongameli kunye nesekela lomongameli oza kusebenzisa igama eliza kuthatha iminyaka emine. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, unyulo lwe Midterm, lugxininisa isebe lemithetho yowiso-mthetho. Ngelixa kungekho hlanga lomongameli phakathi kwi-comptator, abavoti basekubumba umlinganiselo wamandla kwiBhunga, nto leyo echaphazela ngqo amandla kamongameli okubeka umthetho.

Iipateni Zomjikelo

Unyulo lwemijikelo yonyulo lwahluke kakhulu phakathi kweendidi ezimbini. Unyulo lomongameli lusoloko lutsala ama-60 ukuya kuma-70 ekhulwini abavoti abafanelekileyo. Ngokwembali luzoba ama-40 ukuya kuma-50 ekhulwini kuphela, nangona imijikelo yakutshanje iye yabona ulwando oluncinane. Umzekelo, unyulo lomongameli wama-202020 lwabona malunga nama-6% eephesenti, lo gama ama-20222 aphuma malunga nama- 46 ekhulwini. Lo msantsalo uthetha ukuba abanyuli bexesha lasephakathi batyekele ekubeni badala, abamhlophe, kunye nabaninzi kunabachongi bomongameli, abanokufumana iziphumo zonyulo.

ICandelo Lezixhobo Nendawo Egqunywe Ngazo Media

Amaphulo obungameli akwisizwe. Amaphulo akwindawo yesizwe. Amaphulo ahambayo enqumla ilizwe, abhengeza ii-internet zesizwe, kwaye alawula ukukhutshelwa kweentsontelo zentsimbi kangangeenyanga. Amajelo e-Media anikela ubuncwane obukhulu bokugquma ugqatso lobumongameli, kuquka iingxoxo ezikhoyo, uhlalutyo, kunye neengxelo zasentsimini. Amaphulo aseMidmini, ngoxa esagutyungelwe kakhulu, afumana intlukwano encinane kakhulu yexesha lomoya wesizwe. Amajelo-medi asekuhlaleni adlala indima enkulu kakhulu, yaye abathathi-nxaxheba basoloko benikela ingqalelo kwimibango yesithili, iimali zesikolo, okanye ukufikelela kwempilo kwimimandla yabo.

Imali yeCandelo

Unyulo lomongameli lutsala imali eninzi echithwayo kwiphulo elichithwayo ngaphezu kwethuba eliphakathi, nangona inkcitho yaphakathi iye yanyuka kakhulu kwimijikelo yakutshanje. Unyulo lomongameli wama-202020 lwabona ukuchithwa okupheleleyo kwemali engaphezulu kwee-$4 bhiliyoni, kuquka amaqela angaphandle kunye nee-PACs eziphezulu. Ama-202222 amaphakathi, ngoxa esabiza imali eninzi, isimbuku semali esimalunga nama-dola angamawaka ali-20,9 ezigidi.

Unxulumano loMkhosi kuLunyulo loMongameli

Unyulo lomongameli luvelisa imigangatho ephezulu yomvoti kunye nokuthabatha inxaxheba ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi. Ulwandiso lwezixhobo zejelo-ndaba kulo lonke ugqatso lwenza kube nzima ukuba abavoti baphephe ukukhutshelwa. Iziganeko zephulo, iingxoxo, kunye nezibhengezo zihlasela abavoti ngolwazi olumalunga nabathathi-nxaxheba. Amaqela ezobupolitika namaqela olawulo adla ngokuzibhokoxa kakhulu ekubhaliseni umbhaliso kunye nemigudu yokurhoxa ebudeni beminyaka yobungameli, ngokufuthi kuthunyelwa abaxhasi abahlawuleli bezixhobo ezincutshe namaqela aphambili anxibelelanisa ugcino-lwazi.

Abavoti abaselula, ngokukodwa, batyekele ekunyulweni ngamanani aphezulu ngexesha lonyulo lomongameli. Olunyulo lwama-2020 lwabona unyulo olubhaliweyo lolutsha, olumalunga nama-50 ekhulwini abavoti abafanelekileyo abaneminyaka eli-18-29 ubudala abafaka izicelo zokudlala. Olu manyano lwabemi lutyekele ekuziveni lufakelwe ityala elingakumbi kwimiba efana nokutshintsha kwemozulu, ityala labafundi, kunye nemithetho esesikweni yentlalo, elawula intetho yephulo lomongameli.

Abavoter bakwanikela ingxelo yokuba baziva benolwazi olunamandla ngemisebenzi yoburhulumente kwiminyaka yobumongameli. Izibonda eziqwalaselweyo ziphezulu, kwaye abavoti abaninzi balujonga unyulo lomongameli njengesona sigqibo somphumo esiza kwenziwa kwibhokisi yebhola yocamango. Le ngqiqo, nangona iqondakala, maxa wambi, inokukhokelela ekujongeni ibala elibalulekileyo ngokulinganayo.

Ubandakanyeko lomculo kwiMicter Estate

Unyulo lweMidters luzisa unyulo olwahlukileyo. Ngaphandle kogqatso lomongameli phezulu kwethikithi, abavoti abaninzi bayalahlekelwa ngumdla okanye abasilela ukuqonda ukuba kusenzeka phakathi kwexesha. Ikampakatho kufuneka zisebenze nzima ukutsala ingqalelo, ngokufuthi ixhomekeke ekuthengeni iilaphu zeseyile ezisemnyango, kwizixhobo zokubhengeza zasekuhlaleni, nakwizibhengezo zemivo zamanani.

Abavoti abaqhutywayo phakathi kwimida bathanda ukuba ngabo bavakalelwa ngamandla ngomsebenzi womongameli wangoku. Amaxa aphakathi asoloko esebenza njenge-arendium kulawulo lokuhlala. Abavoti abavuma umsebenzi womongameli bangajikela ekuxhaseni abathathi-nxaxheba kwiqela lomongameli, ngeli lixa abo bangavumelaniyo benokujika baye kuvota nxamnye nabo. Le ntshukumo ingavelisa iziphumo ezishushu kunye neenguqu ezinkulu kulawulo lobukhompungelwano.

Izinto Ezikhula Kakhulu

  • Imilinganiselo ye-collet ephezulu kwimiba ephikisayo (amalungelo okukhulula, ukwenziwa komjuzo ngokusemthethweni, unyuko lwemivuzo encinane)
  • Iqela lemiqolo elidityanisiweyo kumazwe amakhulu
  • Ukubekwa kweliso kwesizwe esimanyeneyo namajelo eendaba
  • Imisebenzi yokufumana ngaphandle kwevote elungiselelwe kakuhle ngamaqela omabini
  • Ukutshintshwa kwemithetho yokuvota ekwandisa okanye ethintela ukufikelela

Nangona kujoliswe phantsi, abanyuli abaphakathi basoloko besuka kwicandelo elinye yaye begqithisa ngokweengcamango. Oku kungenza iziphumo ezingabonisi zikhethelo lukawonke-wonke, ingakumbi kwisithili apho unyulo oluphambili lugqiba ngokunempumelelo ukuphumelela konyulo jikelele.

Impembelelo Yonyulo Lomongameli Kwixesha Eliphakathi

Unxulumano phakathi konyulo lomongameli nombindi wexesha eliphakathi lubhalwe kakuhle. Kwimbali, iqela lomongameli phantse lisoloko liphulukana nezihlalo kwiKhonklamente ebudeni bonyulo phakathi kwexesha lokukhetha. Lo mlinganiselo, owaziwa ngokuba "sisisohlwayo sexesha eliphakathi," uvele phantse kumjikelo wonke phakathi kwemini ukususela kwimfazwe yamakhaya. Okuye kuphela okungangqalanga kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje kwaba ngu1998 (iqela lomongameli uBill Clinton's) kunye no-200 (uMphathi George W. Bush'ss lafumana izihlalo emva kohlaselo lwangoSeptemba 11).

Iingcaciso ezininzi zikho ngesohlwayo sexesha eliphakathi. Iivoter zingadimazeka ngenxa yomsebenzi womongameli emva kweminyaka emibini eseofisini. Abavoti benkcaso basoloko beshukunyiselwa ngakumbi ukuba bathumele umyalezo. Iqela lomongameli lisenokuzama ukulungiselela abaxhasi balo ngaphandle kwemincili ephezulu enikelwa ngumongameli.

Ubungakanani besohlwayo sasembindini wexesha lonyaka bungahluka ngokuphawulekayo. Ngo-2010, uMongameli uBarack Obama's Democrates walahlekelwa zizihlalo zendlu ezingama-66 kunye nezihlalo ezintandathu zeNdlu yeNtsimbi yamaza eziqhutywe ngokuchasana noMgaqo-mthetho weNtolongo weAffordible kunye nombutho weSizwe. Ngo-2018, uMongameli Donald Trump's Republicans walahlekelwa zizihlalo zendlu ezingama-41 ngexesha lokufumana izihlalo ezimbini zeNtsimbini, njengoDemocrats obekwe kwizihlalo eziphambili ezisemva kwedolophu kunye nokujika okuphezulu.

Indlela Iinjongo Zexesha Eliphakathi Ezizichaphazela Ngayo Iipolitiki Zobuongameli

Iziphumo zeMidterm zikwabumba unyulo lomongameli olandelayo. Ukusebenza ngamandla phakathi kwexesha elithile kungakha amandla eqela eliphumeleleyo kwaye kuncede abathathi-nxaxheba abaphezulu kumjikelo olandelayo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iliza eliphakathi komongameli lingenza buthathaka ukuma kwabo kwezobupolitika lize lizenze zibe nzima iinkqubo zabo zemithetho-mthetho. Iliza loMbindi wexesha lowama-2010, umzekelo, limisela iqonga lonyulo lomongameli ngo-2012 ngokunika ulawulo lweRiphabliki lweNdluvo-yonke kwaye libavumela ukuba balungise ingxoxo yesizwe kwinkqubo yezomthetho.

Ilizwe Nohlanga Lwasekuhlaleni: Istakes ezifihliweyo

Enye yeenkalo ezingahoywa kakhulu zolonyulo lwamaqumrhu omongameli kunye nophakathi lukubaluleka kwemiba ephantsi kwebala. Ngoxa unyulo lomongameli lulawula iindaba, abavoti kwezo ntsilelo zinye bagqiba iindidi zowiso-mthetho, ukhuphiswano lokuchola, izihlalo zephondo, kunye neemiqathango yethala leencwadi. Ezi ntlanga zineziphumo ezinkulu kubomi babantu bemihla ngemihla, zichaphazela iirhafu zempahla, iimali zesikolo, iprojekthi, ulawulo, impilo kawonke, kunye namalungelo okuvota.

Phakathi kwexesha lonyulo, amaqela omgangatho karhulumente asoloko efumana ingqalelo engakumbi ngenxa yokuba ekwisabelo esikhulu sonyulo. Amaphondo amaninzi aba nonyulo lwe-gubernar phakathi kweminyaka, kwaye ezi ntlanga zingamisela ulawulo lwenkqubo yokuvuselelela, inkqubo yemfundo, kunye nolwandiso lwempilo. Umzekelo, ii 20222 phakathi, zabalaselisa imijaho ye-gubernatorarian e-Arizona, Georgia, Michigan, Pennsylvania, kunye ne-Wisconsian, zonke ezi zinto ezineziphumo ezibalulekileyo zokufumana ivota kunye namalungelo okuqhola.

Amanyathelo ebhola kunye nolawulo-lawulo-melo Oluthe Ngqo

Amanyathelo ebhola avumela abavoti ukuba bamisele okanye bangayilahli imithetho, bagqithe imithetho yowiso-mthetho karhulumente. La manyathelo abonakala kuzo zombini ii-presidential kunye naphakathi kwesigaba se-odolates, kodwa asoloko eqhuba ujiko oluphezulu phakathi kwemihlathi xa ulawulo lomongameli lungekho. Ngo-2022, abavoti kumazwe amahlanu agqibayo kwimilinganiselo enxulumene nokuqhomfa elandela izigqibo zeNkuhlela Ephakamileyo yeNkundla yezomthetho, eyabhukuqanda iRodebs v. Wade. IMichigan, i-California, neVremont ivotela amalungelo okuqhotyo okususa isisuso kwimimiselo yesizwe, ngelixaseKansas kunye neKentucky Constan. Ezi zinyathelo zakhupha inkconsotion kwisigqibo sokulwa kwe-andolonke.

Ngokufanayo, amanyathelo okugunyazisa umya aye abonakala kwiibhola zonyulo zombini. IColorado neWashington bagunyazisa ulonwabo olusemthethweni ngo-2012 (unyaka womongameli), ngoxa amaphondo afana neMontana, New Jersey, neSouth Dakota alandela ngo-202020 kunye no-2022. Ukusetyenziswa okukhulayo kwemilinganiselo yebhola kubonisa ukuba abavoti bazimisele ukuvala i-gridrocksbock ngempikiswano.

Indlela Yokulungiselela Udidi Lokhetho Ngalunye

Ngenxa yomahluko phakathi konyulo lomongameli nolo luphakathi, abavoti kufuneka bajonge umjikelo ngamnye ngecebo elahlukileyo.

Ukulungiselela uKhetho loMongameli

  • Uphando lwabathathi-nxaxheba abaphambili kunye neeplatfomu zabo zenkqubo kwimiba ebalulekileyo yesizwe
  • Yazi iElectoral College nendlela ekwabelwa ngayo amavoti karhulumente wakho
  • Ifunda ngenkqubo engundoqo yomongameli kunye nenkqubo yokuthuma abathunywa
  • Lumka kwimo yelizwe lakho ukuze ube nentetho yokuba ngubani oba lilungu leqela
  • . . . . . . . . .
  • Uphando lwemiba yemidlalo ephantsi kwebala kwanangonyaka wobumongameli; ezi ntlanga zibalulekile

Ilungiselela Unyuso Oluphakathi Kwexesha

  • Yazi ukuba ngubani omele wena kwiBhunga kunye nendlu yowiso-mthetho yesizwe namhlanje
  • Funda ngendlela iNkomfa kunye norhulumente wephondo owenze ngayo kwimibandela oyikhathaleleyo
  • Funda abaza kufunda kwikhasi lakho, ingakumbi kwindlu, kwiNdlu yeeNtsimi, nakumaqela omgangatho karhulumente
  • Jonga amanyathelo evolithi aza kuvela kwimo yakho uze uqonde oko akuthethayo
  • Jonga ubume bomvoti wakho phambi konyulo, njengoko imithetho isenokuhluka kwiminyaka yobumongameli
  • Fumana indawo yakho yokuvota uze uqonde ukhetho lombuso wakho lokuvota kwasekuqaleni kunye nokuvota okungaphakathi kwe-imeyile

Isizathu Sokuba Zombini Izinyuko Zibaluleke

Kulungelo ukugqala unyulo lomongameli njengesiganeko esiyintloko kunye nophakathi njengesiganeko esincinci sokhuphiswano, kodwa le mbono ijongene nokungawaboni amandla aphakathi. Umongameli angamisela ucwangciso lwesizwe, kodwa iKhomishini ilawula izikrweqe zemali, iqinisekisa iijaji noonobhala beKhabhinethi, kwaye ingakwazi ukuqalisa uphando. Umongameli ongenayo iKhomishini exhasayo angafeza okuncinane kakhulu, njengoko i-gridlock ingumsebenzi ochazayo wolawulo.

Unyulo lwaphakathi lwemivo lukwamisela ulawulo loorhulumente belizwe, abaye bakhula ngamandla kwixesha lokubekwa kwemimandla yephondo. Iindlu zowiso-mthetho zikarhulumente zilawula ukuhlaziywa kweemaphu, ezibumba iimaphu zombutho wesivumelwano kwiminyaka elishumi ezayo. Iinkundla zikarhulumente zichaza imimiselo karhulumente. Yaye abalawuli basebenzisa amandla phezu komthetho ochaphazela izigidi zabantu. Ngokungaphozisanga qha, iziphumo zonyulo lwaphakathi kwexesha langaphakathi zinokuhlala ixesha elide kunelo liminyaka emibini yelungu leNdlu.

Unyulo lomongameli, lwamisela udidi lwesizwe, luze lugqibe ukuba ngubani okhokela isebe eliphetheyo. Umongameli uyalela ukuba umkhosi uthethe, athethe izivumelwano, amisele amatyala eNkundla ePhakamileyo, amisele inkqubo yokulawula kurhulumente worhulumente worhulumente. Izibonda zinkulu, yiyo le nto ingunozala womvoti ophezulu kule mijikelo.

Kunye, unyulo lomongameli nolo phakathi kwesigaba sexesha lokukhetha lungumjikelo oqhubekayo wokuziphendulela. Abavoter banethuba rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini lokuvuza okanye ukohlwaya abameli babo, kwaye rhoqo emva kweminyaka emine bakhethe indlela entsha yelizwe. Ukuqonda indlela olu nyulo olwahluke ngayo, kwaye oko kusengozini, linyathelo lokuqala lokuba ngummi ofunde ngakumbi nothenjiweyo.

Ukuntywilisela nzulu kugcino-lwazi lwezicwangciso zembali, izibonelelo ezifana ne Fairvote inika uhlalutyo olulungileyo kwimilinganiselo yokujika kunye notshintsho lonyulo. INgqungquthela yesizwe yeLegislatures igcina izikhokelo ezibanzi kwimilinganiselo yebhola kunye nemithetho yonyulo. Kwaye Iziko lophando lonyulo inikezela unyulo olugunya kwisimo sovoti kunye nokuziphatha okungaphaya kwemijikelezo.

Ekugqibeleni, zombini iindidi zonyulo zinika abavoti ithuba lokubumba indlela yoluntu lwabo, amazwe abo, nelizwe labo. Ukubonakalisa zombini, kunokuba kuboniswe iminyaka ephezulu yomongameli weprofile, kuqinisekisa ukuba ilizwi lakho liyaviwa xa kwenziwa izigqibo kumgangatho ngamnye worhulumente.