ISicwangciso soMbutho weSizwe soLuntu soGunyaziso lweeNtlalo-ntle

Unxulumano phakathi koorhulumente besizwe norhulumente kwimisebenzi emikhulu yezibonelelo luye lwavela njengesiseko sophuhliso lwezoqoqosho noluntu. Njengoko iinkqubo zothutho, iinkqubo zamanzi, kunye nemigca yamandla ehlayo yexesha, imfuneko yokulungelelaniswa kwenyathelo iyakhula. Intsebenziswano yesizwe ivumela ukuqokelelwa koovimba bemali, ulungelelwaniso lwezibonelelo zemali, ukulungiswa kolawulo, kunye nokusebenzisana ngobuchule. Ngaphandle kwale nkqubo yobugcisa, imisebenzi emininzi enzima izakujamelana nolibaziseko, ilahleko, okanye ilahleko olupheleleyo. Eli nqaku lihlola ubuchule, impumelelo, imingeniselo, kunye nolwalathiso lwexesha elizayo lwala macandelo, ukulungiselela ulwazi lwenkqubo, iinjineli, iinjineli, neenkokeli zentlalo zoluntu.

Imeko Engokwembali: Ukusuka Kwiprojekthi Entsha Ukuya Kukusetyenziswa Kwemali Nemisebenzi

Isithethe sentsebenziswano yezibonelelo zikarhulumente eUnited States sisukela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20. Ukwakhiwa kweHoover Dam kwii-1930, umzekelo, kwakubandakanya inkxaso-mali yezwe kunye nezivumelwano zamalungelo amanzi karhulumente. Noko ke, olona manyano lutshintshileyo lwavela noMthetho weNtlalo-Aid ka-1956, owadala iNtestate Highway System. Le nkonzo ingumzekelo //federal ngokubulawa kwemeko----------shortral.

Ngo-2021, Umthetho wokwandiswa kwemali kunye noMsebenzi [IJA] waqinisekisa le ndlela, ikhupha i $1,2 yezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zeminyaka emihlanu yendlela, iibhulorho, ububanzi, amanzi, kunye neeprojekthi zamandla. Amazwe adlala indima engundoqo ekususeni le mali, ukukhuthaza imisebenzi, kunye nokwahlula. Ukuqonda indaleko yale ntlalo kunceda kucacisa amandla awo kunye neencam zawo zokukhuthuka ngamaxesha athile.

Ubuchule Bokuhlahlela: Ukuxhasa, Ukulungelelanisa, noncedo lobugcisa

Iinkqubo zoNikezelo kunye neNkxaso

Urhulumente wesizwe usasaza izibonelelo zenkxaso-mali ngokuyintloko ngemiqathango kunye nezibonelelo zokhuphiswano. Imali e-Fomula, njengaleyo ingaphantsi kweNkxaso yokuThemba i-Highway, inika oorhulumente abathe ngqo izabelo zonyaka. Iminikelo yequmrhu elithe ngqo, njenge-BUILD (Ingcono kakhulu i-Ukwenza i-Intences kwiDevelopment yeLevege) kunye ne-RAISE (Ukwakha i-INguqulo-Melika kunye neenkqubo zokuzinziwa-Edentilikine, inkcitho, izicelo ezininzi ze-justiciod mentactive. Ezi nkqubo zikhuthaza ukuba kulungelelaniswa kwezinto eziphambili zophuhliso lwesizwe, njengokuhlisa ukukhutshwa kwekharbon okanye ukuphucula ukhuthulo lwendawo.

Ulungelelwaniso Nokuvumela Utshintsho

Intsebenziswano yesizwe somanyano lwe-Federal ibandakanya ukuhamba ngeenkqubo ezihamba-hambayo zengingqi. Umzekelo, imisebenzi yezibonelelo zamanzi ingafuna imvume kwi-Arhente yoKhuselo lwezeMbali [[FLT: 0] engokwenzululwazi yezeMbali (EPA) phantsi koMthetho wamanzi acocekileyo, kunye nohlolo lwemekobume. Inkqubo yengingqi yeSebe elijongene neSigqibo soLawulo sobume bamanzi ijolise ekuqulunqeni iingxelo zempembelelo zemekobume ngokuyila umeli lwesikhokelo kunye nokucwangcisa imihla emimiselwe. Amanye amazwe, njengoTexas kunye neCalifornia, amisele ii-ofisi zesiseko ezinikezelweyo ukunxibelelana namaqabane orhulumente kunye nokuvumela.

Uncedo lobugcisa nokwakhiwa kobuchule

Amaphondo amaninzi amancinci okanye asemaphandleni aswele ubunjineli kunye nocwangciso lwabasebenzi abalawula imisebenzi emikhulu. Urhulumente wengingqi, esebenzisa abameli abafana nolawulo oluphezulu lweNdlela ehambayo [FLT]] (FHWA) kunye neSebe leMisebe yeMaziko, anikela uncedo lobugcisa, iinkqubo zoqeqesho, kunye nokwenza imisebenzi engcono. Umzekelo, iFHWA’s . Phendla lonke iDawey Counts inyathelo lolwakhiwo olutsha, njengokwakhiwa kwebhulorho ekhawulezayo kunye nokuhanjiswa kweprojekthi, ezinokuthi zifumaneke ukuze zinciphise iindleko kunye nexesha.

Amaqela Aphambili Ecawa

Izinto: Iindlela Eziphakamileyo, Iibhulorho Netratit

Izibonelelo zothutho zihlala zisenguwona mmandla ubonakalayo womanyano lwamazwe azimeleyo. I-IIJA iquka ii-R1 bhiliyoni zezigidi zee-R34 zezigidi zeendlela kunye neebhulorho, kunye namazwe ajongene nokukhethwa komsebenzi kunye nokugcinwa. Iinkqubo zolwandiso olufana iBridge Infastiment Program[ inikezela ngenkxaso yemali efunekayo yokwahlula. Iinkqubo zothutho loluntu, ezisoloko zisetyenziswa ngurhulumente okanye amagunya ephondo, zifumana inkxaso kunye nemali egosasazi solwando yolwando kunye nolwandiso lwangoku. Imizekelo yakutshanje iquka i- Inkqubo yendlela yokwayaphulwa kwenqanawa eNew York, kunye neNew Jersey, umgudu-omatilathi-omatilathi okwindawo ekwindawo eMantla okanye umgangatho oMfuntsi phantsi koMfumbini wesi-omatilotho we-eNtshona we-Grembu

Isakhiwo Samanzi: Amanzi Acocekileyo Namanzi Okusela

Umanyano lwamanzi olukwizibonelelo zamanzi lusetyenziswa kakhulu ngeNgxowa-mali yeSizwe (SRF) elawulwa yi-EPA. I-Ceafter Water Revoing Fund yeNgxowa-mali yokucoca iNdlela yokuLahla amanzi kunye nemisebenzi yesikhukula, ngelixa i-Daip Leater State Revooing Fund ixhasa inkqubela kulawulo lwamanzi. Ama-United States amisela izinto eziphambili, anika imali engqinelanayo, kunye nokunika ityala eliphantsi elirhwebisayo kwizinto eziluncedo zasekuhlaleni. I-I-RA yongeza ii-5 zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zemali ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi, ngokugxininisa ekuthatheni indawo yemigca yenkonzo ekhokela, ukususa i-PFAStamiminator, nokunika imali yamanzi kubantu abasweleyo.

Ukwenziwa kwamandla anyibilikayo kwale mihla kunye nokubuyiselwa

Intsebenziswano yentlalo-ntle yombane ifumene ungxamiseko ngokutyhalela ekupheliseni i-octive. Isebe le-Gradid Resilience State ne-Tribal Forula Grants linceda amagunya ombane alwa noxinzelelo lwemozulu olugqithisileyo kunye nohlaselo lwezibheno zekhompyutha. Amazwe asebenza kwakhona neKhomishoni ye-Federal Energy Regural (FERC) kwindawo edluliselwe kuyo imigca yemithetho ebhaliweyo, nangona iimpikiswano zomthetho ziqhubeka. I-II-DA ifaka imali ekufumaneni imisebenzi yokubonisa, izinikezelo eziphambili zenyukliya, kunye nezikhundla ze-hydrogen ezicocekileyo, ezifuna ngokufuthi ukubekwa kwemvume yemeko kunye nexabiso lomgangatho we-mali.

Izakhiwo zamanani: Ukuphelelwa

Unikezelo oluphezulu lwe-Internet luqashelwe njengezibonelelo eziyimfuneko. IBtrand Bank Equity, Accesting, kunye neDeployment (Inkqubo ye-BEAD) Inkqubo[, inxalenye ye-INT:A, inika ii-$2,5,000 yezigidi zezigidi ukuba yandise ibhanti kwindawo ezingagcinwanga nangaphantsi. Amazwe aphuhlisa izicwangciso zesenzo seminyaka emihlanu, isikhokelo semephulo, kunye nee-patroli ezincinane kwinkonzo ye-intanethi. Imigaqo yomanyano ifuna iimeko zokuqhuba imisebenzi esebenzela amaziko e-ankile, amathala eencwadi, kunye neekliniki.

Izifundo zetyala lolwahlulo lwesizwe esinempumelelo

Inkqubo ephakamileyo yeNqam: Ilifa leqabane

Inkqubo yeNtloko ephakamileyo ihlala ingumgangatho wegolide wentsebenziswano yezibonelelo zikarhulumente. Ngo-1956, uthungelwano lwezibonelelo olungamashumi amane anesibhozo lwakhiwa phantsi kwemali yemali karhulumente engamashumi asixhenxe eepesenti-10% eyahlulwayo. Le nkqubo ayizange iguqule kuphela impahla kunye nohambo lobuqu kodwa yamisela imiqathango yokuhlola indalo, imigangatho yokuyila, kunye nokuqeqesha umsebenzi. Amazwe anjengoKhalifoniya ne-Illinonia alawula intluvo oluntlukwano lwedolophane ngeli. Impumelelo yenkqubo yalenze yakhokelela kwiinkqubo ezilandelayo njengenkqubo yeSizwe Sheachwaterway Syraeat Program nenkqubo ye-Surfaces.

Indawo entle ekwindawo yamanzi ePittsburgh nelothe

EPittsburgh, amaqumrhu ancedisana noncedo lwamanzi asekuhlaleni ukuthatha indawo yamawaka eentambo zesikhokelo kunye nokufumaneka kwedilesi. Igunya lePennsylvania le-Infrastgradactive Investice (PENVVEST) lanikela imali-mali-mboleko ephantsi evela kwiNkxaso yezobuzwe i-Dapply, eyongezelelwe yi-IIIJA enika uncedo. Iprojekthi, ekwabandakanya ungeniso lwasekuhlaleni kunye noqeqesho lwabenzi, ingumzekelo wendlela amaqela asekuhlaleni alawula ngayo amatyala okusingqongileyo.

Inkqubo Yombane YaseColorado

UColorado wasebenzisa imali karhulumente evela kwiSizwe soMbane weVehicle Infrapublica (NEVI) Inkqubo yeFormula ukuseka izitishi ezikhokeleleyo kwiindlela ezinkulu. Ilizwe lavelisa isicwangciso sokusebenzisana ne-Ofisi yeManyano kunye nezothutho, ezibekwe phantsi kwemimandla yasemaphandleni, kwaye zisetyenziswa neenkampani zabucala. Ekupheleni kowama-2025, iColorado ilindele ukuba kubekho uthungelwano olukhawulezayo lwabaqeqeshi ngee-mayile ezingama-50 kwiphasethi eziphakathi, ebonisa indlela ukhokelo lukarhulumente olunokwenza ngayo utshintsho olukwimo ye-more.

Ucelomngeni Lokwenza Ulwando Oluphumelelayo

Ukubonelela ngenkxaso

Nangona kukho imigangatho yotyalo-mali embalini, izithuba zemali zisekho. Irhafu yegesi karhulumente ayizange inyuswe ukususela ngowe-1993, nto leyo ekhokelela kwimposiso kwiNgxowa-mali yeNkxaso yokuThemba Ngesazulu. Amazwe asenokuzama ukunikezela ngemali engqinelanayo, ingakumbi ngexesha lorhoxo lwamashishini. Ukuhla kwemali kwimisebenzi emikhulu, enjengesiporo esiphezulu saseKhalifoniya okanye iBoston’s Big Dig, ibalase ubungozi bokungathenjwa kakuhle nokungakhathalelwa. Ukuqinisa iinkqubo zokuphatha kwezentengiselwano zemali kuxhomekeke kurhulumente kuyafuneka ekulondolozeni ukuthemba uluntu.

Imisebenzi Yokubhaxa Nokuvumela Imvume

Urhulumente ngamnye unemiboniso yakhe yemekobume, imithetho yokusebenza, kunye nemithetho yokufumana. Iprojekthi yebrorho enqumla umgca we-oyile yombuso ingafuna imvume esuka kumasebe amabini ahlukeneyo ezothutho, kunye namasebe amaninzi karhulumente. Ngelixesha inkqubo yeSigqibo soManyano incedile, ayigubungeli zonke iintlobo zeprojekthi. Umthetho wangoku ocetyiweyo we-National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) ujolise ekunciphiseni ukuvumela ixesha lokusebenzisa umbutho omnye okhokelayo nokukhuthaza ukuphinda-phinda okuqulunqithelayo.

Izinto Ezibalulekileyo Nezakhayo Kwezobupolitika

Umanyano lwesizwe esimanyeneyo lunovelwano kwimijikelo yonyulo kunye nokungavisisani konyulo. Ukutshintsha kwindlu emhlophe okanye kwiphondo kungaguqula imigaqo yemali, imigangatho yemekobume, okanye uluhlu lweprojekthi. Umzekelo, ulawulo lweTrump lujolise phambili ekupheliseni umahluko noMongameli Biden ekuqinisekeni kwemozulu nokungaguquguquki. Ukuphelisa ukuchasana ne-mastiki ye-stiki ye-mask, amanye amazwe amisele imithetho efuna izicwangciso-mali zeminyaka emininzi kunye nemithombo yengeniso enikezelweyo.

Ukungahambelani

Ngokwembali, imisebenzi yezibonelelo zorhulumente yenze umonakalo kuluntu olungenayo kunye noluntu olunombala ophantsi ngolwakhiwo lohola wendlela, uhlaziyo lwedolophu, kunye namanzi avaliweyo. I-IIJA iquka amalungiselelo e- Justice40, ekhokezela ama-40% eengenelo kwiinkqubo ezithile kuluntu olungenazintsebenziswano. Noko ke, ukwenziwa kwemisebenzi kuyahluka-hluka-hluka-hlukene kumazwe. Ngoku intsebenziswano esebenzayo ifuna ukudibana okuqinileyo, kuquka ukuva uluntu, ibhodi ze-advisory, kunye nokukhanyisa kogcino-lwazi.

Inkxaso-mali eDityalwayo neNkxaso

Unxulumano olusemngciphekweni

Ukongeza izibonelelo zesithethe, uninzi lwamazwe luguqukela kumanyano lwamaqumrhu kawonke-wonke. Kwi-P3, isakhiwo sento ezimeleyo, izimali, iyasebenza, kwaye igcina isibonelelo sexesha elisisigxina. Imizekelo iquka i-I-595 Express Corridor[ eFlorida kunye [[FLT]] ne-[FLT] izicwangciso ze-Miamie [[FLT]] I-FTY]. Inkxaso yeP3 ye-FFRAL iza ngeMarimetrial kunye noMthetho we-INTP, enika iimali ezithengwanezenezeneyo. Abagxeki-P3 banokuyibeka kwingozi ukuba ii-procestion ziwile, kodwa xa zithenjiswe ngokuchaneyo, kwaye zavene.

Ukubanjwa Kwexabiso Nokuphoswa

Amazwe ahlola ixabiso lokufumana ubuchule, njengonyuselo lwerhafu kunye nee-asethi zengeniso. Kwimisebenzi yothutho, izivumelwano zophuhliso lwamalungu zivumela abaphuhlisi bobuqu ukuba banikele kwintlawulo yotshintshiselwano lwamalungelo omoya okanye ulawulo lothutho. Urhulumente wengingqi ukhuthaza le mizekelo nge- i-Builgiaunication America Bureaunior, enika uncedo lwetyala kunye nokhokelo lobugcisa.

Uphuhliso lonyanzelo lokusebenza ukwenzela ulwando

Ucelomngeni olukhulu ekuphumezeni imisebenzi yezibonelelo zengingqi yengingqi yephondo kukunqongophala komsebenzi wobugcisa, osuka koonjineli kunye nabaphathi beprojekthi ukuya kubenzi bokwakha kunye nabasebenzi bombane. I-IIJA iquka ii-$30 zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zoqeqesho lwabenzi, kodwa kufuneka acebise iinkqubo ezihambelana neemarikethi zomsebenzi wasekuhlaleni. Amaphondo amaninzi aye asebenzisana neekholeji zoluntu, izihlanganisi, kunye neenkqubo zoqeqesho zokufundisa ukwenza amanyathelo ombhobho. Umzekelo, [FLT: 0] i-Texas Infractive Working Colporactive Motivectory abasebenzi abambalwa abasebenza kwiinqanawa ezihlala kunye nemisebenzi ebanzi. Umgangatho wolawulo lwezikomishini yokusebenza. Umanyano lwamazwe ophezulu lunceda ukuxhobisa ingeniso.

Imozulu Iyakwazi Ukutshintsha Nokuzinzisa

Njengokuba iziganeko zemozulu ezimandundu zisiba zixhaphakile, intsebenziswano yemo yezulu yesizwe nemeko-bume ibalulekile. I-FEDAL Emergency Management Agency [FEMA] inikezela ngezibonelelo zokukhukulisela umkhukula kunye nentlekele, kodwa amaphondo kufuneka avelise uhlolo lomngcipheko kunye nesiseko sokhuseleko esibuthathaka. I-CANDELO SASEMALIS [iiiiibhiliyoliyoliyoliyo] kwinkqubo yokuzinzisa, enjengendlela ezinyusa amandla, kunye nokubuyisela imigca yamandla. Amazwe afana noLouisiwe neFlorida anezicwangciso zemozulu ezidityaniweyo, esebenzisa iimodensiti zombuso ezifana i-CSCM.[FLT][FLT][FFF3]]

Ukongezelela, imali yesiseko sesiseko semali edityaniswe ngokuthe ngqo nemali edityaniswe yimibutho yorhulumente ekwakujoliswe kuyo, Buyela inkxaso yemali yemali efunyenwe eMelika, kunye nokukhutshwa kwegesi eshushu. Amazwe amkela izinto zokwakha ezincinci zekharbon, ezifana ne-asphalt okanye ikonkrithi esezantsi, angafumana intlawulo eninzi. Ezi zinto zikhuthaza ukunyanzela zonke izinto eziphilayo kwizinto ezisingqongileyo ukuze zilondolozwe.

Ubugcisa kunye noqeqesho olukrelekrele

Ubugcisa bamanani buguqula indlela amacebo olawulo, ulwakhiwo, kunye nokusebenza. Izixhobo ezifana ne Inkqubo yolwazi lomzobo (GIS) ukwenzela ukwenziwa kwemiboniso ebanzi ye-banki, ukulungiselela ukulungiselela imodeli yolwazi (BMP)[[FLT]] ucwangciso lokuyila, kunye [[FLT:]] nezimvo zolwazi [[FLT]] ezimvo zolwazi [[FLT]] [FLT] [FLT] [FLT] [ult:5] ukwenzela ukuvavanyaza okuthe kratya nokunyusa oku kusetyenziswa kwezakhono. IFWA'''s Yonke imihla yolwahlulo-luvo- lwamachiza.

Ulwalathiso Lwexesha Elizayo: Ukuqinisa Iqabane

Indlela yokuyila iSizwe yoLawulo olude

Iingcali ziye zacela ukuba kubekho ikomishini esisigxina yesizwe esisigxina ejonge imbono yezibonelo zeminyaka engama-20, efana neKhomishini yeSizwe yezothutho ekwakucetyiswa ukuba iguqule inkxaso-mali ngaphambili. Isicwangciso sobuchule obudityanisiweyo singenza ulungelelwaniso lwemeko kunye nolawulo, ukucutha ukwenziwa kwezixhobo zoluntu, kunye nokwakha inkxaso kawonke-wonke.

Ukusetyenziswa okuphezulu okusekelwe kwimifuno

Kunokuba kulandele nje ii-dola ezichithwe, isizukulwana esilandelayo sezivumelwano zephondo lorhulumente kufuneka sijolise ingqalelo kwiziphumo: ukucuthwa kwamaxesha okuhamba, isantya songquzulwano, ukuphuculwa komgangatho wamanzi okusela, kunye nonyuselo lwamabhanki asetyenziswayo. I-IISJA sele ifuna ukuba kubekho ingxelo ngee-milingo ezithile kwiinkqubo ezithile. Ukwandisa le ndlela kungaqinisa ukuphendula nokubonisa ixabiso lokusebenzisana kwabahlawuleli-mali.

Ukucutha Imilinganiselo Yokuziphatha

Amasebe alungelelanisayo kunye namaqumrhu karhulumente azama ukuzama ukungenelela izivumelwano zoluntu, ukuthunyelwa korhulumente ngqo, kunye neenkqubo zokusebenzisana. Imali yexesha elizayo kufuneka ifune ukudibana okunentsingiselo koluntu kwisigaba ngasinye, ukusuka kwiimfuno zovavanyo ukuya kugcino. Amanye amaphondo sele esungule amabhunga ahlola izicelo zeprojekthi ngaphambi kokuba kunikelwe ngemali.

Ikomkhulu labucala neNjongo eBanzi

Urhulumente wamazwe kufuneka andise iinkqubo ezifana neTITITIBA kunye neWater Infractive Indaclactive Memorial kunye noMthetho we-invation (WIFFIA) ukugubungela iindidi ezithenjiweyo zeprojekthi. Ama-odolophu angenza iibhanki zesiseko sombuso ukutsala abanikeli bemali, njengoko abanye bekwenzile. Iimodeli zemali ezidibanisiweyo ezidibanisa iminikelo yemali karhulumente, imali karhulumente, kunye nekomkhulukazi labucala lakwazi ukuvula oovimba abatsha bemisebenzi yasemaphandleni kunye nesedolophini ngokufanayo.

Isiphelo

Intsebenziswano phakathi koorhulumente besizwe norhulumente kwimisebenzi emikhulu yezibonelelo. Kodwa ke, njengokuba utshintsho lwemozulu, ukuphazamiseka kwezobugcisa, kunye nokuhambelana kwezentlalo, iNkqubo ePhakamileyo ukuya kwiNkqutyana yokuThina iNkqubela kunye neMithetho yoMsebenzi, ezi manyano zakha isiseko soqoqosho nomgangatho woqoqosho lweMelika kunye nomgangatho ongcono wobomi bezigidi zabantu. Kodwa, njengokuba iingxaki zemozulu zisebenza, ukuphazamiseka kwezobugcisa, kunye nokuhambelana noluntu, kufuneka kuzenzeke. Ngokusebenzisa inkxaso ekhoyo, imigaqo equlukileyo, i-edipointsko, kunye nokuzinziswa kwenkqubela, kunye nophuhliso-ntlalo-ntle, uphuhlisorhulumente, urhulumente norhulumente banokunikezela izibonelelo ezisebenza kwiindawo zoluntu ezisebenza kwizizukulwana ezizayo. Iziphango azina: iindlela zokulwa, iipayintlalo, kunye nokulungisa kwanamhlanje.

ukwenzela ukufunda okubhekele phaya kwimisebenzi yesiseko sezwe, bona i Indlu emhlophe Yakha kwakhona Icebo elingcono leNkqutyana yeKhomishini, Ulawulo oluPhezulu lwendlela yenqanawa [, kunye ne-EPA] Ecocekileyo i-Revolution Fund.[FLT]]