Isiseko Samalungelo Esivunyiweyo

Ingcamango yamalungelo isekelwe ngokunzulu kwintanda-bulumko nakumthetho. Amalungelo akangomalungelo anikwa liqumrhu elilawulayo; asoloko eqondwa njengeemfanelo ezizalwa nazo ezithi wonke umntu abe nobuntu. Ingcamango yamalungelo emvelo, ebalaseliswa kakhulu nguJohn Locke, iposithi yokuba abantu banelungelo lobomi, inkululeko, kunye nempahla ekhoyo ngaphandle kokugqalwa ngurhulumente. Esi siseko siphinda-phindwa kwiUnited Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights, engqina ukuba "zonke izidalwa zoluntu zizalwa zikhululekile kwaye zilingana ngamalungelo namalungelo."

Amalungelo anokuqondwa ngodidi oluninzi olwahlukileyo, ngalunye lusebenza umsebenzi othile ekukhuseleni inkululeko yomntu ngamnye.

Amalungelo Emvelo

Amalungelo emvelo athathwa njengeendalo jikelele kwaye angenakuphambukiswa. Awanikwa nayiphi na imo okanye inkqubo yomthetho kodwa endaweni yoko abalulekile kubomi babantu. Ilungelo lobomi, kukhuseleko lomntu ngamnye, kunye nokukhululeka ekuvalweni ngokungekho mthethweni yimizekelo engundoqo. La malungelo abumba isiseko senkqubo ezininzi zale mihla engokwasemthethweni kwaye ngokufuthi ngalawo okuqala ukudityaniswa kwimimiselo yesizwe. Ubunzima bentanda-ntanda-bulumko yamalungelo emvelo kukuba babeke umlinganiselo wokuziphatha okuhle emandleni oorhulumente, bemisela ukuba akukho gunya linokususa ngokomthetho.

Amalungelo asekuhlaleni

Amalungelo oluntu akhusela abantu ekucalucalulweni nasekuphazanyisweni koorhulumente, imibutho yangasese, nabanye abantu. La malungelo aquka inkululeko yokuthetha, yokuhlanganisana, inkululeko yonqulo, nelungelo lokuvavanywa ngokusesikweni. Umzabalazo wamalungelo abantu ubuyimbala ochaza imbali yale mihla, ekuphelisweni kobukhoboka bokulwela ukulingana komtshato. Iintlangano ezinjenge- American Civiliben Liberavistic Union (ACLU) zisebenza ukukhusela la malungelo ngokucalulwa nokukhutshwa, zibalase ukulingana kwawo okuqhubekayo.

Amalungelo Ezobupolitika

Amalungelo ezobupolitika avumela abantu ukuba babe nenxaxheba kulawulo lwebutho labo. Ilungelo lokuvota, ilungelo lokusebenzela isikhundla sikawonke-wonke, nelungelo lokucela urhulumente yimizekelo eyintloko. La malungelo ayimfuneko kwidemokhrasi esebenzayo, njengoko eqinisekisa ukuba abemi banelizwi kwizigqibo ezichaphazela ubomi babo. Amalungelo ezobupolitika aquka kwakhona inkululeko yokuqalisa nokungenela amaqela ezobupolitika nelungelo lokubandakanyeka kwingxubangxwabangxwano yoxolo. Ngaphandle kwala malungelo, ukuphenduliswa kwedemo-demokhrasi kuyancipha, kwaye abemi abanakukwazi ukuphembelela ngokunelisayo inkqubo.

Ukuphumelela Kweembopheleleko

Ngoxa amalungelo echaza oko umntu akhululekileyo ukukwenza, iimbopheleleko zichaza oko umntu amele akwenze ukuze alondoloze amalungelo anokwenzeka. Iimbopheleleko aziyomithwalo ethintela inkululeko; zisisiseko apho inkululeko ihlala khona. Lonke ilungelo lithetha umsebenzi ofanayo, okanye ukhuseleko lolo lungelo okanye inxalenye yabantu ngabanye ukulihlonela kwabanye.

Ukuhlonela Amalungelo Abanye

Eyona mbopheleleko isisiseko kukuhlonela amalungelo abanye. Ilungelo lam lokuthetha ngokukhululekileyo alindiniki ilungelo lokukhathaza okanye lokutyhola. Ilungelo lam lokuba nempahla alindivumeli ukuba ndiphule umthetho. Oku kuhlonelana kudala imeko-bume ezinzileyo apho incoko, intsebenziswano, kunye nokuqaliselana izinto zingakhula. Isivumelwano sentlalo, ingcamango ephuhliswa zizithandi-bulumko ezifana noThomas Hobbes, uJohn Locke, noJean-Jacques Rouss Rousseaus, ixhasa ukuba abantu bavume ukunikezela inkululeko ethile ukuze bafumane amalungelo abo aseleyo.

Ukuba Nenxaxheba Kwimisebenzi Efanelekileyo

Imisebenzi ye-Cvic zizenzo ezifunekayo kubemi ukuxhasa ulawulo-modemokrasi kunye nebutho labantu elikhusela amalungelo abo. Mhlawumbi ukubhaliswa kuwona msebenzi ubonakalayo, kodwa ukuthabatha inxaxheba kukwadlulela ekukhonzeni kwimiqathango yetyala, ekuhlawuleni irhafu, nasekubandakanyekeni kwinkonzo yoluntu. Xa abemi bewahlulile kubomi bentlalo-ntle, amaziko akhusela amalungelo abuthathaka ngakumbi yaye anokuchanabeka ngakumbi ekumonakaleni okanye ekuxhathisweni zizinto ezikhethekileyo. Idemokhrasi ephilileyo ixhomekeke kumntu obekelwe imbopheleleko yakhe enzulu.

Ukuthobela Imithetho Nehambo Entle

Imithetho yimbonakalo elungelelanisiweyo yesivumelwano sebutho labantu ngendlela amalungelo neembopheleleko ezimele zilungelelaniswe ngayo. Ngoxa abantu benelungelo lokuvavanya imithetho engekho sikweni ngemiqathango esemthethweni, ukuthobela umthetho jikelele kungumsebenzi ogcina ucwangco nokhuseleko. Ngaphandle kweembopheleleko ezisemthethweni, kukho nembopheleleko esesikweni: ukunyaniseka, ingqibelelo, kunye nemfesane kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Lo maleko wembopheleleko ocwangcisiweyo uyimfuneko ekwakheni uluntu.

Imidlalo Enamandla Phakathi Kwamalungelo noxanduva

Ukulungelelanisa amalungelo neembopheleleko asiyonkqubo emileyo kodwa yinkqubo esebenzayo efuna ukucamngca okuqhubekayo, ingxoxo, kunye nohlengahlengiso. Uxinezeleko phakathi kwenkululeko yomntu ngamnye nentlalo entle edityanisiweyo yenye yemibuzo engundoqo yentanda-bulumko yezobupolitika. Ukufumana olu lungelelwano kubalulekile kwibutho labantu elichumayo.

Imfundo Njengesiseko

Imfundo exhaswe kakuhle yezentlalo ingoyena matshini usebenzayo ekukhuthazeni ukuqondwa kwamalungelo neembopheleleko. Xa abantu befundiswa beselula ngemithetho nemigaqo elawula ibutho labo, baxhotyiswe bhetele ukuqhuba iimfazwe phakathi kwenkululeko yobuqu nemisebenzi yoluntu. Imfundo kufuneka igxininise ukuba amalungelo awanakugqibelela nanini na, nokuba ukuqhelisela asoloko enembopheleleko efanayo yokuqwalasela intlalo entle yabanye. Izikolo, imibutho yasekuhlaleni, kunye namajelo-medio kawonke-wonke onke anendima yokudlala kulo msebenzi wemfundo.

Vula iNcoko kunye noKhululo

Kwibutho labantu ababhinqileyo, ukungavumelani malunga nemida yamalungelo kunye nobungakanani bomsebenzi akuphepheki. Isisombululo asikokuphelisa ezi ngxabano kodwa kukwenza izithuba zokuvula, incoko ngentlonelo. Iifomati zoluntu, iiholo zedolophu, kunye nemigangatho ye-intanethi ingasebenza njengeendawo zokuqwalasela xa zilungelelaniswe ukukhuthaza ukuphulaphula nokuqiqa impikiswano kunokusuka kwenye indawo. Umthetho wobuzwelo lwe Dialogie & Delibration unika oovimba beengxoxo ezinjalo. Ngokuzibandakanya nabo baneembono ezahlukeneyo, abantu ngabanye banokuvelisa ukuqonda okuthe ngqo ngendlela ezichaphazela ngayo abanye abantu.

Ubandakanyeko Nenkonzo Yoluntu

Ukubandakanyeka kwimisebenzi yasekuhlaleni kuqinisa unxulumano phakathi kwamalungelo kunye neembopheleleko ngendlela ekhonkile, ebonakalayo. Xa abantu abasebenza ngokuzithandela, besebenza kwiibhodi zoluntu, okanye benenxaxheba kwimisebenzi yobume basekuhlaleni, bafumana iingenelo zentsebenziswano kunye nokuxhasana. Oku kudibanisa ikomkhulu lezentlalo-ntle (8) isiseko sokholoseko kunye nentsebenziswano esenza ukuba kubekho intsebenziswano. Iindawo ezinamaqumrhu aphezulu eekomkhulu entlalo ziyakwazi ukuhlangabezana nocelomngeni oluqhelekileyo, ukusuka ekukhuselekeni kwabantu ukuya ekuphatheni igosa kwingingo yentlalo.

Uhlolisiso Lwetyala Lembali Nelanamhlanje

Uhlolisiso lwemizekelo yehlabathi lusenza siqonde indlela amalungelo neembopheleleko ezisebenza ngayo kwiimeko ezinzima. Olu hlolisiso lubonisa iingxaki ezisebenzisekayo zokulungelelanisa inkululeko nomsebenzi.

IQumrhu Lamalungelo Abemi

I-American Covil Rights Movement of the 1950 ne 1960 ngumzekelo onamandla wokudlala phakathi kwamalungelo kunye neembopheleleko. Abaququzeleli abanjengoMartin Luther King Jr. noRosa Parks baqinisekisa ilungelo lokuphatha ngendlela efanayo phantsi komthetho, kodwa balwamkela noxanduva lokuxhathisa okungenabundlobongela. Oku kwafuna ingqeqesho enkulu kunye nozibopho kusukelo olubanzi lwezobulungisa. Umbutho waphumelela kungekuphela nje ngenxa yokuba ufunela amalungelo kodwa ngenxa yokuba iinkokeli zawo nabathathi-nxaxheba bamkela imbopheleleko yokwenza ngendlela ephakamisa ukufaneleka komthetho wabo. Umthetho ophumele yiloo mithetho wamaLungelo lwamalungelo oMgaqo-659 kunye noMthetho ka-Vorders Act ka-19659 kunye noMthetho wokubhaliswa kwamalungelo abantu baseMelika.

Inkululeko Yokuthetha Nembopheleleko Yokuphepha Ingozi

Inkululeko yokuthetha inguwona mlinganiselo usisiseko kwibutho ledemokhrasi, kodwa ukuqheliswa kwayo kumele kuphephe ukubangela umonakalo ongafanelekanga. Ucelomngeni lokulawula intetho yentiyo lubonisa olu xinezeleko. EUnited States, uMphengululo Wokuqala unikela ukhuseleko olubanzi kwanangentetho echaphazelekayo, ngoxa amazwe amaninzi aseYurophu emisela imida engqongqo ukukhusela amaqela amancinane ekuxhokonxeleni kwintiyo. Zombini ezi ndlela zineendleko neengenelo. Umbuzo ongundoqo kukuba kumele njani ukuphakamisa ilungelo lokuthetha ngokukhululekile ngoxa uzalisekisa imbopheleleko yokukhusela abantu abachaphazekileyo kwikhethelo nakugonyamelo. [[FLT.0]

Impilo Kawonke - wonke Nenkululeko Kanye Ngexesha Lempatho

Isifo se-COVID-19 sadala ungquzulwano olunzulu phakathi kwamalungelo abantu kunye neembopheleleko ezimanyeneyo. Izikali ezifana nezigunyaziso zokuvala amasigqubuthelo, ukutshixa, kunye neemfuno zokugonya zazigwetywa ngamagunya ezempilo kawonke-wonke njengoko kuyimfuneko ukukhusela uluntu. Noko ke, la manyathelo agxekwa njengokuphazamisa inkululeko yobuqu. Olu xinezeleko lubangelwa kuko nakuphi na ukungazinzi kwempilo-ntle yomntu ngamnye, ilungelo lokuhamba kunye nenkululeko yokuhlanganisa kunye nokuhlanganisana kungangqubana noxanduva lothintelo lokukhuselwa kokwanda kwezifo. Le ngxaki yabonisa ukuba ukulungele ukulingana phakathi kwamalungelo noxanduva olucacileyo kodwa aluyo olufuna ukuthembana kwenzululwazi, unxibelelwano olucacileyo oluvela kumagunya, nokuvuma kwexeshana ukwamkela imiqatha yexeshana ukusetyenziswa kwempilo.

Amalungelo amanani nembopheleleko yokukhusela amathuba emfihlo

Kumaxesha amanani, ilungelo lokuzimela wedwa liphantsi kwengcinezelo eqhubekayo evela kukhangelo lorhulumente kunye nokuqokelelwa kogcino-lwazi lweziko. Kwangaxeshanye, abantu banoxanduva lokukhusela ukuzikhusela kwabo siqu nokuhlonela ukuzimela kwabanye. Ukwanda kwe-mediathetho-mathematika kuye kwenza kwaba lula kunanini na ngaphambili ukwabelana ngolwazi, kodwa oku kulula kwakhona kukhukulise imida kwaye kubangele iingozi ezintsha. Ubuchule obusemthethweni obunjengoMbutho Jikelele wogcino-lwazi lwe-Europe (GDPR) bumela umzamo wokumisela ukulungelelanisa ukulungelelanisa ugcino-lwazi lobuqu kunye noxanduva lwemi yobuqu. Njengoko ubugcisa buqhubeka besenza utshintsho, olu lungele ukuphinda-phinda-phinda-phinda.

Iingxaki Neengxaki Kubantu Banamhlanje

Zininzi iingxaki ezibangela ubunzima bokulungelelanisa amalungelo neembopheleleko kwibutho labantu.

Amalungelo Angquzulanayo Neembambano

Enye yezona mbambano zinzima ziphakamayo xa amalungelo abantu abahlukeneyo okanye amaqela engquzulwano engqalileyo. Ilungelo lenkululeko yonqulo lisenokungqubana nelungelo leLGBTQ, abantu abakhululekileyo ekucalucalulweni. Ilungelo lokuthetha lisenokungqubana nelungelo lokufumana ityala elifanelekileyo. Ukulungisa ezi ngxabano kufuna ukuqiqa okusemthethweni okucokisekileyo nokukulungela ukubeka amalungelo asekelwe kumongo ongqalileyo. Akukho mgaqo wendalo wokucombulula iingxaki ezinjalo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba iinkqubo ezisemthethweni eziqinileyo kunye neejaji ezizimeleyo zibaluleke kakhulu. Ezi ngxabano zikwabalaselisa ukubaluleka kweembopheleleko: kwiimeko ezininzi, isigqibo sibandakanya ukuvuma ukuba amaqela omabini anembopheleleko yokufuna ukulalanisa izinto ezibandakanyekileyo.

Ukungaqondi Nokungazi Ukuba Unembopheleleko

Abantu abaninzi bawazi kakuhle amalungelo abo kodwa banolwazi olungacacanga kuphela ngeembopheleleko zabo. Oku kungakhokelela kwisiseko sengqondo apho amalungelo agxininiswa ngokungqongqo ngexesha imisebenzi ityeshelwa. Umzekelo, omnye umntu angafuna ilungelo lokuchaza uluvo ngaphandle kokwenza uxanduva lokuqinisekisa isiseko salo esiyinyaniso. Ukulwa oku kufuna ukugxininiswa ngokutsha kwimfundo yequmrhu kunye nengxoxo kawonke-wonke ebalaselisa ukuma amalungelo nemisebenzi. Izithethe zoluntu kunye nolindelo lwenkcubeko zikwadlala indima ekulungiseni indlela abantu abaziqonda ngayo iimbopheleleko zabo.

Ukuhlaziywa Kwezobupolitika Nokuncitshiswa Kokholo

Kwimekobume eqhekeke kakhulu, ingxubusho emalunga namalungelo neembopheleleko zidla ngokusetyenziswa njengesixhobo. Icala ngalinye lingatyhola elinye lokwaphula amalungelo asisiseko okanye ukuphepha iimbopheleleko ezibalulekileyo. Oku kunamandla kuphelisa ukuthembana kwimibutho, kumajelo eendaba, nakwabanye abemi. Xa ukuthembana kusezantsi, kuba nzima kakhulu ukufikelela ekuvumelaneni ngendlela yokulungelelanisa iimbambano zokukhuphisana. Ukulwa oku kubandakanya ukudibana kokholo olulungileyo nokuvuma ukuqaphela inkxalabo esemthethweni yabo baneembono ezahlukeneyo. Ukuqinisa amaziko azimeleyo, njengamalungu ejajidiary kunye namaphephandaba, kwakhona kuyafuneka ukuze kuqiniseke ukulungele ukumelana nokukhuphisana oku kungasombululwa ngoxolo.

Isiphelo

Amalungelo neembopheleleko azizo imikhosi ephikisanayo; zizinto ezixhasanayo zebutho labantu elilungelelanisiweyo. Amalungelo anika isithuba senkululeko, isidima, nokuzibophelela. Iimbopheleleko ziqinisekisa ukuba le nkululeko isetyenziswa ngendlela enxulumene nabanye kwaye ixhasa iziko lentlalo elibangela amalungelo anokwenzeka. Ukufikelela ulungelelwano olufanelekileyo phakathi kwezi mpambo zimbini kufuna umgudu oqhubekayo / ngokusekelwe kwimfundo, incoko, ukudibana koluntu, nokusetyenziswa komthetho okunengqiqo. Kwihlabathi eliya lisanda kusetyenziswa kwaye lintsonkothile, ukukwazi ukulungelelanisa inkululeko nomsebenzi kubaluleke ngakumbi kunanini nanini na ngaphambili. Ngokufikelela kuzo zombini amalungelo ethu kunye neembopheleleko zethu, sinokulwakha uluntu olungengolukhulu kodwa olukhululekileyo, oluneluvo lwawodwa, olunelulungeleyo, nolulungelelwanolwano.