Ukwanda Kobuhlanga Neenkcazo Zeminyaka

Imeko yezoqoqosho itshintshe ingeniso yamazwe aseMerika. Ngokwengxelo yama-2023 ekwakhiweni kwemisebenzi njenge-Uber, i-Upply, kunye ne-Task Rabbit incede izigidi ukuba zisebenze ngokweenjongo zazo, zirhwebeshe ngezokhuseleko lomsebenzi osisi-9 ukuya ku5 ngenxa yokuthamba, ulawulo, kwaye ngokufuthi umsinga wengeniso othe xhaxheyo. Ngokwengxelo yama-2023 esebenzayo esebenzayo, malunga nama-36% e-U.S. Abasebenzi bakwicandelo loqoqo lemali, kwaye elo nani lilindeleke ukuba linyuke. Kodwa eli hlabathi litsha lomsebenzi alithintelwanga ekukhetheni amatyala amadala. Ukucalucalucalucalucalucalulo olude kwimisebenzi yakudala, isoloko ifumene ezintsha nezingabonwangabonwangabonwangakho kwimisebenzi yoonolwazi. Kuba abakhululekile nabazi be-Arcticsctic Actives Actives alungelenel arne ngemeko esemthethweni.

Abasebenzi abaninzi abasebenza ngemiqobo bangena kule ndawo kamva kwimisebenzi yabo, mhlawumbi ngokukhetha okanye ngenxa yokukhulula okanye ngenxa yokukhula kwimisebenzi eqhelekileyo. Bazisa amashumi eminyaka amava omsebenzi, imigaqo engqongqo yomsebenzi, kunye nee-meters ezinzulu. Kodwa basoloko bedibana nemiqobo echuliweyo (nangokungeyontsontsi) xa bekhuphisana ngezivumelwano, ingakumbi kwiqonga apho iinketho zabaxhasi zinokuphenjelelwa ziingcamango zobudala ezinxulumene nonyaka. Eli nqaku likhupha iAge Discrimination Act, ukubaluleka kwalo kubasebenzi, imimandla engomfantsko esemthethweni eshiya izininzi zingakhuselekanga, kunye namanyathelo asebenzayo ukukhusela amalungelo akho kwiimarikethe yempaka ekwalu.

Luyintoni Ucalucalulo Olukhoyo Ngeminyaka?

UMthetho we-Age Discrimination ka-1975 (42 U.S.601 et seq.) ngumthetho wesizwe olwalela ucalucalulo olusekelwe kwiminyaka yobudala kwiinkqubo okanye kwimisebenzi yemali. Umgangatho wawo oyintloko uquka umsebenzi, kodwa ukwandiswa kwimfundo, ukunikezelwa kwemisebenzi. Noko ke, umthetho othe xhaxhe kakhulu worhulumente ngumthetho [agegescrimination in Olki (AAA) ka-19679, okhusela abasebenzi abaneminyaka engama-40 nangaphezulu ekuqeshweni, ekukhutshweni, ekukhutshweni, ekukhutshweni, imbuyiselweni, kunye nemisebenzi. I-ADE isebenza kubaqeshishi nabaqeshi nabaqeshi abaqeshi nabaqeshi abaqeshwa abangaphezulu. Ngaphezu kweminyaka emininzi, umthetho olungelene neminyelwa namanye amalungelo ee, nangona i-ADE.

Lo mahluko unzima kubasebenzi abanobugocigoci. I-ADEA ichaza "abaqeshwa" ngokusebenzisa iimvavanyo zombutho (ukulawula umsebenzi, ukulungiselela izixhobo, ukukwazi ukufumana ingeniso okanye ukulahlekelwa, njl.). Izindlu ezizimeleyo . "ukuhlelwa kweendawo ezininzi ze-gig digri azibalelwanga njengabasebenzi phantsi kwe-ADEA. Ngenxa yoko, abaninzi abakhululekileyo abanakuzisa ucalucalulo oluthe ngqo lobudala-ngoku, [ phantsi komthetho wesizwe. Noko ke, uMthetho we-Agecrimicrimisty wangowee, ngokufumana kwabo okude kuthintelwa kobudala kwiinkqubo ezixhaswa ngurhulumente, ngamanye amaxesha benziwe ngemisebenzi ecetyiswayo abasebenzi abafumana iprothoni okanye izivumelwano zemali. Okwangoku, inani elikhulayo lokuzimela imithetho yabo ngokwahlukeneyo.

Phezu kwale mingeni, umgaqo osisiseko ucacile: abasebenzi abadala akufunekanga bancanywe amathuba ngenxa nje yobudala babo. Njengokuba abameli, abameli bomthetho, neenkundla zenkundla bengquzulana nendlela yokusebenzisa imigaqo yokungavumelani nobudala kwimodeli yabasebenzi apho "umqeshi" esoloko eyi-algorithm, inkqubo yokulinganisa, okanye umxhasi ongenabuso efumana intsebenziswano.

Isizathu Sokuba Imali Eninzi Ibangele Iingozi Zocalucalulo Olukhoyo

Ucalucalulo lweminyaka kwi-gg ezoqoqosho lunganzima ukubonakala kunakwimisebenzi eqhelekileyo. Akukho masebe e-HR, akukho dliwano-ndlebe lomsebenzi, kwaye izigqibo zokuqesha zisoloko zenziwa ngemizuzwana esekelwe kwifoto yeprofile, inqaku lohlolo, okanye izicelo ezifutshane ezibhaliweyo. Uphando olusuka kwi Urban Institute kunye [FLT] ne- Icandelo lobuGcisa likawonke-wonke [[FLT]] lubonisa ukuba amaplatifomu amadala akhululekileyo afana ne-Fiverr kunye no-Up'actives anokunganikwa misebenzi ethile (ngokulinganayodwa neyokujikeleza kwemisebenzi), kwanaxa ii-projective zawo zinokubonakala njenge--engile.

  • [[NTL:0] Ucalulo lwemithetho-siseko yemithetho yokwenza ucalulo: Amaqonga amaninzi asebenzisa iinkqubo zokukhangela eziphezulu ezibeka abasebenzi kwindawo ephezulu ngexabiso lolwamkelo oluphezulu nangamaxesha okuphendula asezantsi. Abasebenzi abadala, abasenokuba nenye imilinganiselo yexesha okanye abakhetha isantya esicothayo, bangasohlwaywa.
  • Ezikhethwayo ezisekelwe kwiminyaka esisiseko: Abanye abaxhasi bacela ngokucacileyo "umntwana" okanye "uhlaziyo" iimbono, okanye bacwangcise ixesha lokutyala njengeprojekthi yegunya lamandla nobuchule bezi mini. Oku akuvumelekanga ukuba kungumsebenzi osemthethweni osekelwe kwiminyaka yobudala, kodwa kwizoqoqosho, bambalwa abaxhasi abazicinga ngokwabo njenge "abasebenzi" abaphantsi kwemithetho ecalucalucalucalulo.
  • ucalucalulo lomfanekiso wenkangeleko: Iiplatform ezifuna okanye ezikhuthaza imbonakalo yemifanekiso zingamema ukuxilonga komthumeli ongabonakaliyo weminyaka. Nokuba umqhubi ushiya umfanekiso wakhe, iminyaka yawo yamava adweliswe kwibhayoloji yawo angaxhobisa iingcamango ezinxulumene nobudala obubiza kakhulu, hayi ezobugcisa, okanye ezimiselwe kwiindlela zazo.
  • Izibulali kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zobugcisa zobugcisa : Ukujika ngokukhawuleza kwezixhobo zamanani kuthetha abasebenzi abadala abaneminyaka emininzi enobuchule kwiinkqubo ezindala (njengeelwimi zenkqubo ezilifa okanye kwizisombululo zepreming) zingarhoxiswa, ngexa abasebenzi abaselula abane "iisiqinisekiso esitsha" beqeshwa nokuba ulwazi lwabo lunganzulu.

Ezi ntshukumo zidala inkqubo apho ubudala bungaphumelela ngaphandle kwamagqabaza angaqhelekanga okanye imeko-bume yomsebenzi engalunganga. Umsebenzi ophulukana neprojekthi ngenxa yokuba umxhasi wakhetha umkhuphisi omncinane kumlinganiselo osezantsi usenokungaze wazi ukuba ubudala bufakta. Kodwa abasebenzi abadala basoloko befumana imigangatho esezantsi, izimemo ezimbalwa zokusebenza, kwaye batyhalelwe kwimiba ephantsi ye-"componetics systems" ikhethelo lweminyaka ephantsi apho imithetho yangoku ingaxhotyiselwanga kakuhle ukulungisa.

Ukukhusela Okusemthethweni: Apho IiMpophoma ZaseADEA Zingafane Zifumaneke

Oluna celomngeni lubalulekileyo olungokwasemthethweni kwabasebenzi abadala abasebenza nge-gg luluhlu “lomenzi ozimeleyo”. Phantsi kwe-ADEA, kuphela abaqeshwa abanokuzisa izityholo zokunganyanyeki okanye iimpembelelo ezichaseneyo ezisekelwe kubudala. Iingingqi zoziwo-ziqu zikhutshwe ngokucacileyo kule nkcazelo. Oku kuthetha ukuba umyili oneminyaka engama-55 ubudala osebenzisa umsebenzi ophezulu akakwazi ukuqulungela ucalucalucalulo lobudala obungaphantsi kwe-AEAAA. Kodwa ke, kukho iindlela ezingeyo kunye nezinye ezisetyenziswayo.

Ukhuseleko lwenqanam leRhulumente

Amaphondo amaninzi aye akhupha imithetho ekwandiseni ukhuseleko oluchasene nolwaphulo-mthetho oluzimelayo kwizindlu. UMthetho weFair Workers kunye neHouses (FEHA) waseKhalifoniya uthintela ucalucalulo olusekelwe kwiminyaka yobudala kwindlu yolwakhiwo oluzimeleyo, nangona umthetho usekho. INew York, iNew Jersey, kunye neMassachusetts zinemithetho emibanzi egquma abasebenzi abasebenza ngokusemthethweni, ngoxa amanye amazwe afana neTexantes engenayo intlawulo olunjalo. [FLT: 0] ucalucalulo-msholo olusekelwe kumsebenzi wesigxina, kodwa ubuchule bokusebenza bomthetho bathetha ukuba abasebenzi abaninzi abashiywe ngaphandle kokucela uncedo. Ngaphezu koko, imo yezomthetho ifuna ukuba kubekho ulwalamano oluqhelekileyo "usayinwa kweshishini ne-xus" okanye i-uniggne" elungele ukusetyenziswa ngokulingana "irba.

Abanxaxhi Abakhethekileyo: UMda wesiXhosa seshumi elinesihlanu okanye ngaphezulu

Kwanakuzisebenzela kokwakha, ukuba iqonga liqasha abasebenzi abaneleyo kwaye lisebenza ngokwaneleyo emsebenzini wabo (] ABC uvavanyo okanye iinyaniso zezoqoqosho[]), inkundla ingabamisela kwakhona njengabasebenzi abasebenzi. Oku koko kwenzekayo eCalifornia emva [[[FLT:] [[FLT]] [[FLT:] [20:8] kunye nokungena okulandelayo kwe-AB 5, okuye kwabangela ukuba abasebenzi baphinde bafumane intlawulo nokhuselo oluqinileyo. Kodwa kumele ukuba abasebenzi bafumane njani imigaqo epheleleyo yokukhusela. Kodwa kumele ukuba i-FLT, 2022] kunyaka-195 [FT] kulawulo olukwiqela: [Fognownlkt] [5] [5]

ICandelo 1981 kunye neminye imithetho yamalungelo asekuhlaleni

Abanye abakhululi abadala abakhululekileyo baye bazama ukusebenzisa iCandelo loMthetho wamaLungelo ka-1866, othintela ucalucalulo lohlanga kwizivumelwano kodwa ongagubungeleli ubudala. Kodwa ukuba ucalucalulo lobudala budibana nohlanga, ubufana, okanye ubulwelwe, iSihlo se-Sihlo se-VII okanye iMelika enobuHlabathi obuNciphisanayo lunganika indlela. Umthetho we-Age Discrimination ka-19656 (umthetho omkhulu osebenza kwiinkqubo ezixhaswa ngurhulumente) ungabheniswa ukuba iqonga elinomthetho elinomthetho elifumana intlawulo olunomthetho olunomthetho olunoluvotiweyo olufana no-Uber benoluvoluvo olunoluvo olunolwayo ngexesha lobundlongo obuncinci boLawulo lwezingalo. Kodwa ezi zinto azifani, aziyo ezi zinto zinokuvela, aziyo inkqubo yokukhusela kakhulu.

Ityala lehlabathi lokwenene kunye nonyanzelo

Ucalucalulo lweminyaka kwimiba yezoqoqosho alufane lubonakale luyimiba emikhulu, kodwa bekukho iimeko eziphawulekayo. Ngo-2020, inyathelo leklasi lamangalelwa i-Airbb ichaza ukuba iinginginginya ezindala azinakuboniswa kakhulu ekunyusweni kweqonga kwaye zasuswa kwiqonga eliphezulu emva kwezikhalazo ezincinane. Isuti yaxhomekeke kwimithetho elungileyo yezindlu elungileyo ekwalathisa ucalulo lweendawo zokuhlala. Enye ityala elikhulu elibandakanyekileyo [[FLTLD:2] , apho umqhubi oneminyaka engama-6-waka engaphambili wathiwa uvalileyo emva kokutyholwa ngokunga kakuhle kokuqhuba, ngoxa abaqhubi abancinane bekwa ngokungenamdlalo-mthetho wavunyelwa ukuba bahlale ngaphandle kwetyala, kodwa bengenatyala abasebenzi abakhulileyo.

IKhomishini ye-EOCTY [ engundoqo i-Equalial Opportunity Commission [EOC] inike ukhokelo olucacisa ukuba ngoxa izakhiwo ezizimeleyo zingagqunywa yi-ADEA, zisenokukhuselwa phantsi kolunye ulungiselelo ukuba ikompathiswa isebenza nge-15++ abaqeshwa kwaye ingumqeshwa osebenzayo. Noko ke, i-EOC ayikaqhubeki inkqubo yocalulo lwezimo lwemiqathango yesigaba ngokuchasene nemigangatho emikhulu ye-gigg, ngokwenxalenye ngenxa yokungalawuleki kunye nobuntlola obusemgangathweni bomsebenzi. Avoccation i-acces amaqela afana [FLD:2][FLT] kunye nenkqubo ye-ORGSDS [FFFF] ye-OKD [FFF] ebizwa ngokuba ngabasebenzi abasebenzi abagrogrini basetyenziswayo.[5]

Amanyathelo Asebenzisekayo Kubantu Abakhululekileyo Nababeze Iinkonzo Okukhusela Ucalucalulo Olukhoyo

Xa belinde utshintsho olusemthethweni, abasebenzi abadala banokuthabatha amanyathelo okubhala, okunciphisa, noluvavanya ucalulo lobudala. Nalu ukhokelo olusebenzisekayo olusekelwe kwicebiso elivela kumagqwetha omsebenzi kunye nemibutho yezezimali:

1. Bhala Yonke Into

Yenza ulawulo lwamanani kwiqonga ngalinye olisebenzisayo. Gcina iscreenshot seprojekti nganye. Iinkcazelo zeprojekti, uthungelwano lomxhasi, utshintsho, naliphi na inqaku elicebisa ubalo olusekelwe kubudala (umz., "sifuna umntu omncinci onokuhlala ephezulu"). Qaphela imihla namaxesha. Ukuba icandelo le qonga libonakala licinezela uqwalaselo lwakho emva kokuhlaziya iminyaka yakho, thatha oko ngokulungileyo. Uxwebhu olunenkcukacha lusisiseko salo naluphina ulu xwebhu olunolwazi olukwakunceda ukwazi ukuphawula iipateni.

Utshintsho lweziphakamiso kunye neNkcubeko

Iinqanaba ezininzi zinemiqathango echasene nocalulo-calulo ngokweemeko zazo zenkonzo, ngokufuthi ebanzi ngokwaneleyo ukugquma ixesha. Sebenzisa loo migaqo-nkqubo kuncedo lwakho ngokufakela izikhalazo zangaphakathi. Ukuba iplatfomu ayivumi, ukungaphumeleli kunokuba yinxalenye yemeko yamva. Kwakhona, khangela isivumelwano sakho sokukhululeka nakweyiphina imiba elinganisela amandla akho okukhombisa enkundleni. Ngoku amaqonga amaninzi agunyazisa ulwahlulo, nto leyo enokwenza ukuba izenzo zodidi zibe nzima ngakumbi kodwa kube nokwenzeka.

3. Lumka KwiNkangeleko Yakho

Ngexa ungaze ufune ukufihla iminyaka yakho, ungagxininisa iimfaneleko zale mihla ngaphandle kobuchule bokucwangcisa. Uluhlu lweziqinisekiso zakutshanje, imisebenzi, kunye nezixhobo ozisebenzisayo. Gwema ulwimi oluthi "isikolo esidala" ngaphandle kokuba elo linqaku lokuthengisa (umz., kubaxhasi abafuna uzinzo okanye ubuchule benkqubo yelifa). Sebenzisa udweliso lwengcali olutsha nolungenekayo. Abanye abakhululekileyo bakhetha ukungabonisi unyaka wabo wokuphumelela okanye umhla wokuqala womsebenzi wabo. "lo yisigqibo sobuqu, kodwa baqaphele ukuba abanye abaxhasi banokukhetha iminyaka yobudala obuvela kumava. Uyakwazi ukusebenzisa uluhlu (umz., "10+ iminyaka yamava angamashumi eminyaka").

4. Yakha Inxalenye Yobuqu Eguqula Iplatform Bias

Nciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwakho nakweyiphi iqonga elinye. Yenza i website yakho, yakha ikhonkco elikhoyo, kunye nothungelwano phakathi koluntu oluchanekileyo lwezoshishino. Xa umxhasi ekufumana ngenxuwa lakho okanye nge-headerrals, sele enekhethe elifanelekileyo elisekelwe kudumo lwakho kunokuba libe yifoto yentengiso. Ukukhupha ingeniso yakho ithetha ukuba ukuba ialgorithm yeqonga iqala ukukubonakalisa, awunqunyulwa ngokupheleleyo.

5. Funa Amacebiso Asemthethweni Kusekuseni

Ukuba urhanela ukuba ulixhoba localucalulo lobudala, jongana negqwetha elisebenza ngemisebenzi elinobuchule kwimicimbi yezoqoqosho kunye nemisebenzi yezezezenkampana. Abaninzi banikela ukhangelo lokuqala. Iintlangano ezifana AAARP' iqela elisemthethweni le-advocacy[ linika abasebenzi abadala ubuncwane, kwaye i-webhsayithi ye-EOC inokhokelo olungeyokuxolelwa kwetyala localulo- ngendlela yokuyibhala phantsi kwe-AA, nangona izikhululo ezizimeleyo zingakhange zigutyungelwe phantsi kwe-AA, ungakwazi ukunikela ubuncwane babasebenzi abadala, kwaye uyakwazi ukumelana nemithetho ephantsi kwemithetho okanye umthetho owahlukileyo ukuba uyakwazi ukuphikisa ulawulo lwabasebenzi.

6. Cinga Ngokukhalaza Nemibandela

Kwanokuba awungomqeshwa, unganika ingxelo yeqonga kwi-FTC okanye igqwetha likarhulumente jikelele ukwenzela uqheliso olukhohlisayo okanye olungalunganga ukuba imigaqo-nkqubo yabo iphazamisa abasebenzi abakhulileyo. FTC ithe yaqwalasela i-algorithism, kwaye isikhalazo singenza uphando olunceda bonke abasebenzi. Ngaphezu koko, ukuba ufumana uncedo lwaseburhulumenteni (njenge-SNAP okanye uncedo lwezindlu) kwaye usebenzisa iqonga elifumana imali yolawulo, unokuba umi phantsi koMthetho we-Age Discribes.

Ikamva Lokwahlula Abantu Ngeminyaka Kwilizwe Elineemeko Zoqoqosho

Izicwangciso ezininzi zicebisa ukuba ukhuseleko olusemthethweni lwabasebenzi abadala luya kwandiswa kwiminyaka ezayo. Okokuqala, luyikhuthalele intsebenziswano yokuphinda ihlelwe kwakhona iyaqhubeka, ngokuhambelana neSebe lolawulo lweBiden lokugqibezela umthetho ekuqaleni konyaka wama-2024 owenza kube nzima kubaqeshi ukubeka abasebenzi abazimeleyo njengezindlu zokusebenzela. Ngelixesha umthetho uchaphazela ngokuyintloko umvuzo kunye nokhuseleko oluthe kratya, ungaqinisa ngokungangqalalanga ukucalula ikhethelo lobudala ngokulenza kube lula ukungqinelana ngabasebenzi. Okwesibini, amaqela amaqela akhuphiswayo agunyazisa umthetho osemthethweni njengomthetho ofana nowe- okhuselweyo, nolunyukileyo wokwahlulo lwexesha lokuqesha (BE) kuMsebenzi (Fok) njengoko u-AG.

Okwangoku, amaqonga aphantsi kwengcinezelo yokuphicotha imigaqo-manani yawo yokukhetha. Ingxelo yo-2024 ekwi- i-Algorithmic Justice Justice ifumanise ukuba amaqonga amaninzi amakhulu akhululayo abonisa umgangatho owenziwe ngeminyaka esisiseko ebonakala emsebenzini. Kwimpendulo, umsebenzi wasungula "ukulinganisa ukuphakama" uphawu olufihla iminyaka yamava kwimibuzo yokuqala yabaxhasi, ukuvumela izicelo ukuba zihlolwe kwiisampuli zomngeni-mbobo nomgangatho ophezulu. Amanyathelo afanayo avavanywe ngoMkhosi noKhuselo lwamacangciso. La manyathelo okuzithandela awathathi asetyenziswayo kwimithetho esemthethweni, kodwa abonisa ukuqwalaselwa kobugciphelo olukhoyo kuphela kodwa angokwabantu abasebenzisa ubuchule obungcono, ubuchule bokuphatha ubuchule obungcono, ubuchule bokudibana nobo.

Isiphelo: Ukunikwa Amandla Ngolwazi

IAge Discrection Act kunye nomthetho obanzi wesakhiwo wesakhiwo wacetyelwa ukuba ube lihlabathi labaqeshi abasebenzayo abasebenzayo abacacileyo. Uqoqosho lwe-gig luphazamise loo mzekelo, lushiya abasebenzi abaninzi abadala bekwindawo engwevu esemthethweni. Kodwa umgaqo ongundoqo uhleli: akukho mntu omele ahlulwe indlela yokuphila ngenxa yexesha aphila ngalo. Izikhululo kunye neenkampani zifuna ukuba ngabaxhasi bazo abasebenzayo abanobugxwayi bemeko-yo. "Iiimeko-gcuntswana", i-oorentifice , i-oventility , ukunyusela iqonga imigangatho yabo, nokufuna ukubonakala kwemithetho elawula umsebenzi wabo. Njengoko ukuqwala nokwazi okutsha, usukelo luyinjongo ekufuneka ixabise ubutyebi babo njengamandla afana nolwabantu abadala.

Ngokuqonda intsingiselo yocalulo lobudala, uxhotyiswe bhetele ukuba ulawule uqoqosho ngokwembono yakho. Enoba uneminyaka engama-25 okanye engama-65 ubudala, ilungelo lokuphathwa kakuhle alifanele nanini na lixhomekeke kwindlela umsebenzi wakho owahlula ngayo. Umlo wokulingana ngokweminyaka kwabasebenzi banamhlanje uqala nje, kwaye wonke umntu okhululekileyo obhala amava akhe athethe ukhawulezise utshintsho.