Isizathu Sokuba Ukugqabhuka Kwenkcazelo Kubaluleke Ngoku Ngaphezu Kwangaphambili

Kwixesha apho ulwazi oluphosakeleyo lusasazeka ngokukhawuleza kunezibakala eziqinisekisiweyo, ubuchule bokuqwalasela imithombo yenkcazelo buye baba bubuchule obuchaza ubumi obunolwazi. Umhlaba wamanani uzaliswe lulwazi oluvela kwimithombo yeendaba, impembelelo yezentlalo-ntle, oomatshini bemfundo, kunye nee-weblog ezingenalwazi, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ngakumbi ukwahlula ulwazi oluthembekileyo kwinkcazelo egqwethekileyo, uluvo okanye ubuxoki obucacileyo. Olu khokelo lwandisiweyo lunika ubuchule bokuqwalasela imithombo yolwazi, ukuxhobisa abafundi, abafundisi, kunye nabafundi abanobuchule bobomi bokufunda ulwazi banamhlanje ngentembelo.

Iintsika Ezintathu Zemithombo Yolwazi

Ukuvavanya nawuphi na umthombo ngokunempumelelo, kufuneka kuqala uqonde indlela eyiyo esisiseko. Imithombo yenkcazelo idla ngokuhlelwa kwiindidi ezintathu, nganye isebenza indima eyahlukileyo kwitsheyina lolwazi.

Umthombo Oyintloko: Imveliso Eluhlaza Yolwazi

Imithombo yokuqala yezona zinto zikhoyo zinika ubungqina obungqalileyo, obuzizo ngesiganeko, ukufunyanwa okanye isiganeko. Zingachazwanga kwaye azinxibelelani nabanye. Imizekelo iquka amaphepha ophando antlandlolo, iingxelo zenkundla, iintetho, iintetho, iidiari, iifoto, kunye nenkcazelo ekrwada. Xa udibana nomthombo oyintloko, uthetha ngolona hlobo lwenkcazelo echanileyo ekhoyo. Noko ke, imithombo engundoqo iyakwazi ukuqulatha imbono, iimpazamo, okanye umongo ongaphelelanga, ngoko kufuneka uqwalaselwe ngenyameko.

Iimvelaphi zesibini: Iinkcazelo kunye nohlalutyo

Imithombo yesibini ihlalutya, ichaza, okanye idityaniswe nemithombo esisiseko. Idityanisela uluvo, inkcazo, okanye umongo. Imithombo yesibini eqhele ukuquka iincwadi, amanqaku eendaba, ii-biography, kunye nohlolo loncwadi. Ngoxa imithombo yesibini inokwenza imixholo entsonkothileyo ifumaneke, ikwazisa imbono yombhali kunye nokugqwethwa. Ukusuka kwimithombo yesibini kuthetha ukuhlola ngokuthembeka ukuba zimela njani izinto ezisisiseko.

Imithombo eBalulekileyo: Umanyano oluNcedisiweyo

Imithombo ekhawulezayo iqukuqela kwaye ishwankathe ulwazi olusuka kwimithombo yokuqala neyesibini. I-Encyclopedia, ii-almanacs, iincwadi zenyaniso, kunye nee-database eziqulunqweyo ziwela kweli candelo. Ziluncedo ekubhekiseni ngokukhawuleza kodwa zinqabile ukunikela uhlalutyo olunzulu. Ngenxa yokuba imithombo yemitha ngamanyathelo aliqela ashenxiswayo kubungqina bakuqala, atyekele kakhulu ekuzifumaneni okanye kwiinkcukacha eziphelelwe lixesha.

Imida yovavanyo lwe-Core: Uvavanyo lwe-CRAAP kunye nangaphaya

Uvavanyo lweCRAAP olusetyenziswa ngokubanzi (ICRAP, iRelevance, iGunya, iNkqutyana echanekileyo, injongo) lunika incam eqinileyo yokuqala ukuvavanya imithombo. Kodwa ubumi obunolwazi bufuna indlela ecacileyo yokufikelela. Ngasezantsi luseti eyandisiweyo yemigaqo egqitha kwisiseko.

1. Igunya kunye noGunyaziso

Ngubani owadala okuqulethweyo kwaye yintoni ebanika isiqinisekiso sokuthetha ngalo mbandela? Jonga iziqinisekiso ezifana namaqondo emfundo, unxulumano loogqirha, amava afanelekileyo, okanye ingxelo yomsebenzi othembekileyo. Lumka kwimithombo engenagama okanye ulwaneliseko apho imvelaphi yombhali ingenakuqinisekiswa khona. Kwimixholo yenzululwazi okanye yobugcisa, khangela ukuba umbhali upapashe kumajelo ajongiwe ngoontanga. Kwindaba, qwalasela igama lomcholacholi-ndaba kunye nemigangatho yomhleli wempapasho.

2. Ukusetyenziswa kwemali kunye nokusetyenziswa kwexesha

Iyiphi inkcazo eyapapashwa okanye yagqitywayo? Ezinye iindawo, ezifana namayeza, ubugcisa, kunye nomthetho, zitshintsha ngokukhawuleza, zisenza imithombo emidala ibe yingozi ukuba isetyenziswe ngokungekho mdla. Kwelinye icala, imisebenzi esisiseko kwimbali okanye kwintanda-bulumko isenokuhlala isebenza kangangamashumi eminyaka. Ngamaxesha onke khangela umhla wokupapashwa, imbali yokuzihlaziya, nokuba ziziphi na iimbekiselo ezikhoyo okanye uphando lwakutshanje.

3. Umpapashi okanye ukwenziwa kweplatform

Qwalasela iqumrhu elisasaza okuqulethwe yi-opera yolwazi olunenkcukacha. Ingaba luziziko loshicilelo lwemfundo, umbutho karhulumente, okanye umbutho ophambili weendaba onekhowudi yokuziphatha? Okanye yi-Web si sinxulumani esizipapashileyo, okanye iqonga elingenayo ingeniso kwimiba eshukumayo? Kwanabavakalisi abathembekileyo banokuba nobuqhetseba, kodwa batyekele ngakumbi ekunamatheleni kwimilinganiselo yokuzikhusela. Sebenzisa ubuncwane obufana ne- iMedias/Fact Sekets - Sekets /

4. Ubungqina kunye nocatshulwa

Yimvelaphi ethembekileyo esekelwe kwizizathu zayo ezingqinelanayo. Khangela iinkcazelo ezingezantsi, iimbekiselo, imithombo yogcino-lwazi, okanye amakhonkco anxulumene nophando lokuqala. Ukuba umthombo wenza iingxelo ezingqukuva ngaphandle kokuxhasa okanye ukunxibelelana ne-data esisiseko, yijonge ngokukrokrelela. Kwimisebenzi yemfundo, khangela ukuba iingxelo ngokwazo zivela koolindixesha abadumileyo okanye kwimithombo enegunya.

5. Injongo Nee-bias

Wonke umthombo unenjongo: ukuxelela, ukuphembelela, ukuthomalalisa, ukuthengisa, okanye ukuxhasa. Qaphela ukuba ikhethe alikho libi ngokwemvelo ``inqaku lomntu ofundileyo eliphikisayo ngokungqalileyo imbono leyo. Ingxaki ivela xa ikhethe libonakala njengenyaniso. Hlola indlela, ulwimi, kunye nokuzichaza. Ingaba umthombo usebenzisa amagama achukumis' ngokweemvakalelo? Ingaba linikela amacala amaninzi embambano ngokungakhethi? Ingaba ithetha into engalunganga?

6. Ubuchule nolungelelwano

Khangela imiqondiso yokuba umthombo uzama ukuba ngolungileyo. Ingaba iyazivumela iimpikiswano? Ingaba iyahlula phakathi kwezibakala kunye notoliko? Imithombo enika uluvo olunye kuphela, abachasi ngokobuqu, okanye ixhomekeke kwimiba engqinelanayo ayithembeki. Ngohlalutyo nakulwazi imithombo esoloko izabalazela ukuthatha isiseko, nangona isenokungagqibeki. Sebenzisa i Snopes kunye ne[FLT]CK.CK org ukuqinisekisa izinto ezithe ngqo nezinga ziko.

7. Uyilo nokuBonelwa

Nangona ingesiso isibonisi esiqinisekisiweyo, ubulunga obubonakalayo bomthombo bungabonisa ukuthembeka kwawo. Ubuchule bokwenziwa, ucaphulo olucacileyo, ukudityaniswa kwemisebenzi, kunye negrama encomela ukukhathalelwa komhleli. Iimpazamo zegrama, izibhengezo ezigqithisileyo, imixholo yezorhwebo, ukucofa okugqithisileyo, kunye noqhagamshelwano olwaphukileyo ludla ngokuhambisana nomgangatho osezantsi okanye okuqulathwe yinkohliso. Lumka ngakumbi iindawo ezixelelwa kwiindawo ezisemthethweni zokukhupha iindaba (i-typos kwi-URL, iilogogogothi ezifanayo) njengoko zisoloko zidalwa ukuze zisasaze i-diofixfory.

Ukuhambela phambili komsebenzi wokuhlolwa

Ukukhupha umthombo akufuneki kube kukuqokelela ixesha. Sebenzisa lo msebenzi ngenyathelo ukuqwalasela naliphina iceba lolwazi.

  1. [[UMTL: 0] Lubonisa uhlobo lwemvelaphi [[[FLT: 1] - Ingaba lungundoqo, isibini, okanye isiqu? Oku kucwangcisa ukulindela ubunzulu nokunyaniseka.
  2. Cwangcisa i URL kunye nempapasho umongo - Ingaba ummandla ulingana nomvakalisi othenjiweyo? Sebenzisa isixhobo esinjenge u-Whoois ukufuna[[FLT: 3] ukubona ukuba ngubani obhalise inxuwa ukuba kuyimfuneko.
  3. [[FLT: 0] Ikhon'iisiqinisekiso sombhali - Ukuba akukho mbhali obizwayo, mphathe ngolumko umthombo ngaphandle kokuba yimpapasho eyaziwayo.
  4. [[UMTL: 0] Fumana umhla [ - Ukuba akukho mhla ukhoyo, qikelela ukuba iphelelwe lixesha okanye ayisebenzi.
  5. [[UMTL: 0] Funda imihlathi embalwa yokuqala uze ukhangele ucaphulo[[FLT: 1] - Ingaba umthombo ukhankanya indawo inkcazelo yayo evela kuyo? Landela ubuncinane uqhagamshelwano olunye olucatshuliweyo ukuqinisekisa.
  6. Thelekisa nezinye imvelaphi - Funa ubuncinane ezinye ezimbini ezizimeleyo, ezinokuthenjwa eziqinisekisa iinyaniso ezifanayo. Ukuba intengo ivela kwindawo enye efihlakeleyo, isenokuba bubuxoki.
  7. [[FLT: 0] iqwalasela injongo [[[FLT: 1] - Inxuwa elizama ukukuthengisela into, ukunyanzela udweliso lwezopolitiko, okanye ukuqokelela ugcino-lwazi lobuqu? Qaphela naluphi unxulumano kwintshukumo olunokubonisa intshukumisa efihliweyo.
  8. [[UMTL: 0] Sebenzisa iinkonzo- zokukhangela inyani - Ukuba umthombo wenza impikiswano, yiqhube kwi Snopees, i FactCCheck.org, okanye iPolitiFct.

Iimpazamo Eziqhelekileyo Nendlela Yokuziphepha

Kwanabaphengululi abanamava bawela kwiziphako. Nazi ezona mpazamo ziqhelekileyo kunye namaqhinga okuziphepha.

Uqinisekiso

Abantu batyekele ekumkeleni inkcazelo evisisana neenkolelo zabo abanayo baze babuchase ubungqina obuziphikisayo. Ukuze baphikisane nolu bungqina, bafuna ngabom izinto eziphikisana neembono zakho. Funda iingxoxo zabachasi abathembekileyo uze uzibuze ukuba bubuphi ubungqina obuya kuguqula ingqondo yakho. Oku kwenza ukuthobeka kwengqondo kuze kukwenze ufikelele kwizigqibo ezichanileyo.

Ukuthembela Ngokugqithiseleyo Kumthombo Omnye

Ukuthembela kumthombo omnye wenkcazelo egxekayo kuyingozi. Kwanomthombo ongcono ungaqulatha iimpazamo okanye izinto ezingekhoyo. Zibhale phantsi izibakala ezivela kwimithombo emininzi ezimeleyo, ingakumbi xa imixholo iphikisana. Ukuba yonke imvelaphi ethembekileyo ivumelana, unokuba nentembelo engakumbi. Ukuba ayivumelani, yimba nzulu ukuqonda isizathu.

Ukuchaza Ungquzulwano Ngokuphosakeleyo Njengokungqubana

Imithombo emininzi ithetha ngokuphosakeleyo ukuba ngenxa yokuba iziganeko ezimbini zenzeka kunye, enye ibangela enye. Yiba namathandabuzo kwezo zinto, ingakumbi kwiindaba ezishukumisiweyo okanye kwizibalo ezichongiweyo. Jonga imithombo exubusha ezinye iingcaciso, iinguqu, kunye nezicwangciso zofundisiso ezinzima. Inqaku elinomthombo ophezulu liza kukhankanya imida yezifundo zophicotho.

Imvelaphi Yokufundisa

Abaqeqeshi banendima ebalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni ukugxekwa kolwazi. Uvavanyo lwemvelaphi alufanele lube sisifundo sexesha elinye kodwa lufanele lube luqheliselo oluqhubekayo oludityaniswe ngaphaya kocwangciso lokufundisa. Ngeli ngezantsi luzicwangciso ezisebenzayo kubafundisi-lwazi.

Uthelekiso olungumthombo olusebenzisanayo

Nikela abafundi ngamanqaku amabini ngesiganeko esinye .esuka kwindawo yokukhupha iindaba ehloniphekileyo kunye nenye esuka kumkhuphi- zincwadi okanye indawo yesazulu. Basebenzise ngamaqela ukusebenzisa uvavanyo lwe-CRAAP kwaye bachaze ukungavisisani kolwimi, ubungqina, kunye nokuchaza. Xoxani ngesizathu sokuba ezi zibakala zinye zinganikelwa ngokwahlukileyo. Oku kulola amandla abafundi okubona ikhethe kunye nokuxhaphaza.

Iidrill ezihlohlwayo zexesha lokwenene

Sebenzisa amabali eendaba akhoyo kwaye ucele abafundi ukuba bachithe imizuzu eli-15 beqinisekisa intelekelelo ethile esebenzisa ii-website ezikhangela inyaniso kunye nemithombo esisiseko. Kufuneka banikele izinto abazifumeneyo kwiklasi, bacaphule izixhobo nemigaqo abayisebenzisayo. Oku kwakha ubuchule obusebenzisekayo obudlulisela ngqo kubomi bemihla ngemihla.

Ikhadi le Print

I-injini ye-Athoria i-'Admin's' ifuna ukuba abafundi bazenzele uvavanyo loluhlu lwabo lovavanyo olulungiselelwe kumxholo othile (umz., iindaba zempilo, ingxelo yezopolitiko, iingxelo zenzululwazi). Bangaquka iindidi ezifana "zobugcisa," "imithombo egqumayo" "imo yokuhlola," kunye "Ukungavumelani nokuvumelana". Ngokuyila isixhobo, bafaka ulwakhiwo olunzulu.

Intlanganiso zobucukubhede

Mema umgcini-layibrari, umcholacholi-ndaba, okanye umkhangeli wenyaniso ukuba athethe ngeendlela zabo zokwahlula ulwazi oluthembekileyo nolungathembekiyo. Oogqirha behlabathi lokwenene banganika ukunyaniseka kwaye bakhuthaze abafundi ukuba bathathe uvavanyo olunzulu ngemvelaphi. Iiyunivesithi ezininzi kunye namathala eencwadi kawonke wonke anikela iiprojekthi zesisa kwiincwadi zemfundo yamajelo eendaba.

Izixhobo zamanani zokuhlola umthombo womlambo

Ubugcisa bungakhawuleza inkqubo yovavanyo. Nangona kungekho sixhobo singenampazamo, ezi zinto zikunceda uqokelele ngokukhawuleza inkcazelo engokwemvelaphi kumthombo.

  • [[FLT: 0] Umphengululi Google - Iziphumo zokukhangela kwimfundo, imvelaphi ejongwe ngoontanga, ukugcina ixesha xa kuphandwa imixholo yophando.
  • FactCkeck.org - Iprojekthi engeyoparatistan eqwalasela ucoselelo oluyinyaniso lweengxelo zezobupolitika nengxelo ze-media ye-U.S.
  • Iziphene - Eyona ndawo endala nenkulu ekhangela imbali, egquma amabali asezidolophini, amarhe kwi-intanethi, kunye nenkcazelo engeyonyani yezobupolitika.
  • [[UMTL.0] I-Politifact - ilinganisela ucoselelo lwentengo ekhethwa ngamagosa kunye namaqela ezobupolitika asebenzisa i-Truth-O- Meter.
  • Imedia Bias/Fact Ukhangelo lwe-[MBFC] - Isantya samawaka emithombo yeendaba yekhethe kunye nengxelo yenyani.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Ihendo zonikezelo - Easybib kunye noMatshi Wocaphulo unokukunceda uqinisekise iifomati zokuthumela kunye neflegi yochazo olungaphelelanga.
  • [[Uvavanyo: 0] Ukhangelo lomfanekiso lwebuyiselo [[FLT: 1] - Sebenzisa imifanekiso ye Google okanye i-Tineye ukukhangela ukuba umfanekiso utshintshiwe okanye ususiwe kumongo.

Uhlolisiso Lwetyala: Ukusebenzisa Isakhelo

Ingcamango iba cacileyo xa isetyenziswa kwimeko zehlabathi lokwenene. Ngeli ngezantsi ziimeko ezimbini eziqhelekileyo apho imvelaphi iyimfuneko khona.

Inkcazelo Yezempilo: Ityala Lokugonya

Udibana nento esetyenziswa kakhulu yeblog ethi ukugonya okubangela iziphumo ezingalindelekanga ezinde ezifihliweyo ngurhulumente. Umbhali ngu "ummeli wezempilo yemvelo" ongenaziqu zeqondo lezamayeza. Umva ukhankanya uphando lwezifundo ezimbini, kodwa amakhonkco akhokelela kulwazi oludala, oluhlazisayo olupapashwa koolindixesha abaxhaphakileyo. Esi sigqeba sinezibhengezo zokukhankanya unyango oluchasene nolwakho. Ukusebenzisa ezi migaqo: igunya libuthathaka, ubungqina bubuthathaka kwaye buphelelwe lixesha, injongo ibonakala ingeyorhwebo kunye nenkcubeko. Uvavanyo olukhawulezileyo kwi-Snopes lubonisa ukuba intengo ikhutshiwe ngamasebe amaninzi empilo.

Ingxelo Yeendaba: Ilishwa Lezobupolitika

Iteyibhile esuka kwingxelo entsha ekhoyo ithi usopolitiko odumileyo wenza ulwaphulo-mthetho. I-tweet iquka umfanekiso weskrini ukusuka koko kubonakala njengendawo yoshicilelo ethembekileyo. Xa usebenzisa uphengululo lomfanekiso ogqwethekileyo, ufumana i-screenshot sithe gqi gqi , qha ithe into eyahlukileyo. Ingxelo eyafaka itweet inembali yokusasaza i-memes. Ukukhangela inyani kutyhila ibali. Nokuba oko kuthethwayo kuvumelana notyekelo lwakho lwezobupolitika, imilinganiselo yokuhlola ibonisa ukuba ayithembeki. Uyayiphepha ukuba uyayabelana.

Ukwakha Ubumi Obunemfundo Ehlala Buhleli

Ukukhupha imithombo yolwazi asikokufumana nje imfundo; ngumsebenzi wezemfundo. Kwidemokhrasi, abemi kufuneka benze izigqibo ezisekelwe kulwazi oluchanekileyo − malunga nokuba ngubani ofanele avote, yiyiphi imigaqo yokuxhasa, nendlela yokusabela kwiimeko ezimaxongo zempilo kawonke-wonke. Xa amaqela amakhulu abantu exhomekeke kwimithombo engathembekanga, ukuthoba kwentetho kawonke-wonke, nokuthemba amaziko kuyawohloka. Ngokuhlola imvelaphi, umntu ngamnye unegalelo kwibutho eliqinileyo nelisekelwe kwinyaniso.

Ubuchule obuchazwe kwesi sikhokelo asibobobo obuzalwayo. "kufuneka zifundiswe, zisetyenziswe, zicociswe kwaye zicocwe."Qalisa inqaku nje elinye leendaba ngemini usebenzisa uvavanyo lwe-CRAAP. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, umkhwa uba yinto yesibini. Ukukhuthaza abahlobo, intsapho, kunye nabafundi ukuba benze okufanayo. Sinokwakha isithethe esibulela ubungqina obungaphaya koncedo lwemvakalelo nenyaniso.

Ukufundwa okubhekele phaya kolwazi kunye nokungafundi okunentsingiselo kwisixhobo solwazi, i iZiko leThala leencwadi laseMelika elijonga izikhokelo linikela iindidi zomgangatho wengcali. Ukongeza, i-CConstantin''''''s Online Reasoning jogie [ inika izicwangciso zesifundo esikhululekileyo kubafundisi-lwazi. Ezi zinto zingakunceda ukuba unyuse ukuqonda kwakho kunye nezenzo ezisebenzayo kwabanye.