Uncedo lwamazwe angaphandle lusoloko lusisiseko semigudu yezizwe ngezizwe yokuphucula iziphumo zempilo kumazwe afumana imali encinci naphakathi. Ngokuthumela ubuncwane bemali, ubuchule, kunye nenkxaso yezobugcisa, amazwe anikelayo kunye neentlangano ezininzi zinceda ukusingatha iingxaki zempilo ezingenakuthethwa lilizwe linye kuphela. Impembelelo yezi zibonelelo-mali zinokuqhubekeka: izigidi zabantu abasindiswayo, imithwalo yezifo encitshisiweyo, kunye neenkqubo zempilo eziqikelelwayo. Kodwa umhlaba woncedo lwempilo lwehlabathi lonke umibanzi intsonkothe, intentekile, inteleko yezoqoqosho, kunye nokutshintsha kobomi bempilo kawonke. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa indlela eziqhubela phambili ngayo izicwangciso zempilo zamanye amazwe, iinkcukumiso eziqhubekayo, iingxaki eziqhubekayo, kunye neziphuhliso kuphuhlisolwazi lwexesha elizayo.

Imbali Yoncedo Lwamanye Amazwe Empilweni

Isindululo sangoku soncedo lwempilo lwehlabathi lonke savela emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, ngokudalwa kwamaziko anjenge-World Health Organization (WHO) kunye neBhanki yehlabathi. Imigudu yokuqala yabhekisa ekulweni nezifo ezasulelayo ezifana nemalariya, i-laws, kunye nengqakaqha kuphulo olukhulu. Isindululo sowe-Alma-Ata kunonophelo lwempilo ephambili saphawula iqondo lokutshintsha, ukugxininisa impilo njengelungelo lomntu elingundoqo nemfuneko yokufikelela ngokulinganayo. Amashumi eminyaka amashumi eminyaka athelekelela ukunyuka kweenkqubo ezilwano ezisehlabathini, kuquka iProgrammenti yoMxwepo ukulwa ne-Immazation kunye nomlo wehlabathi lonke wokulwa noGawulayo ukuze kulwe noGawulayo, i-Chariase, i-Romian, i-Vaccine ku-2002, i-2002, i-Roctives, i-octalmossssssss, iyaqhubeka kwiziphumo ezintsha esinguquququlue.

Umatshini Obalulekileyo Woncedo Lwempilo

Uncedo lwempilo lwamanye amazwe luhamba ngemijelo emininzi, ngalinye elineengqiniba ezahlukileyo nezithintelo. I-Bidateal Fund inceda ukufudusa ngokungqalileyo ukusuka kurhulumente omnye ukuya kwelinye, “‘ ivumela amazwe anikelayo ukuba alungelelanise inkxaso yemali nezilangazelelo zawo zeququ zobuchule kwaye agcine ulawulo olusondeleyo. Uncedo lwezininzi, oluquququzelelwe kwintlangano njengeWHO, iUNICEF, i-World Bank, kunye ne-Global Fund, yenza ukuba iimpendulo ezilungelelanisiweyo kunye nokunciphisa ukhuthulo. Iinkonzo ezingahambelani zesebe (NGHOS) kunye nephithropics ezisetyenziswayo, njengeBhili ye-Melinda Gates Foundation, ibonelela ubuchule obusemgqaliselo loncedo kuncedo lwempilo olukhoyo.

Ezobuhlanga kunye nezokufikelela koninzi

Iinkqubo zombutho zinokusabela kakhulu kwizinto eziza kuqala kumnikeli kodwa zinokuba sengozini yokuqhekeka kweHIV xa ingahambelani necebo lelizwe elamkelekileyo. Noko ke, iPresidenti yase-U.S. iPEMPI yePlan yeSicwangciso se-Emergency soncedo loGawulayo (PEFAR), eqaliswe ngo- 2003, yenye yeenkqubo zempilo eziphumelele kakhulu zakha zasetyenziswa. INgxowa-mali yomhlaba ifuna ukuba amazwe aqhubele phambili ukwenziwa kwezicelo zawo kunye neziqinisekisa ukuba uluntu luhlale luhleli phantsi kwetafile. Kodwa ke, ukuqwalasela i-mali ye-mali ekhoyo kusoloko kusemngciphekweni wokungeneka kwe-yo.

Iindawo ezichaphazelekayo

Uncedo lwamanye amazwe luchaphazela phantse yonke imiqathango yempilo yomhlaba wonke, ukuthintela izifo ezasulelayo nokuqinisa iinkqubo zempilo nokusabela kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo. Ngasezantsi kukho iindawo eziphambili apho uncedo luye lwavelisa iziphumo ezinokulungiseka.

Ulawulo Lwezifo Ezasulelayo

Izifo ezasulelayo ezichaphazela ngokungenakulinganiswa inani labantu kumazwe angenayo. Iinkqubo zoncedo ezixhasweyo ziye zanciphisa ngokuphawulekayo ukufa kwabantu ababulawa yiHIV/AIDS, isifo sephepha, kunye nemalariya. Phakathi kowama- 2000 nowama-2022, ukufa kwesifo se-malariya emhlabeni wonke kwancipha ngaphezu kwama-30%, ubukhulu becala ngenxa yemijelo enyangwa yezibulala-zinambuzane, uvavanyo olukhawulezileyo, kunye nonyango olusekelwe kwi-artinin exhaswe ngamaqabane amazwe ngamazwe ngamazwe. Ngokukwanjalo, ukungenwa kwesifo sephepha kwaso kwaso kwanyuka ngo-19% ngexesha elinye, ngenxa ye-Stoopt interliter shartive kunye neNgxongo yehlabathi. Ukulwa kwesifo esiyekwaliwayo esipheliswayo (NTDDS), kunye ne-glopolasciase, kunye ne-sccomians.[1]

Ukugonywa

Ukusetyenziswa kwemali ye-applications yenye yezona ngeniso ziphambili zoncedo loluntu. IGavi, i-Vaccine Alliance, iye yanceda ukugoma abantwana abangaphezu ko-1.1 amawaka ezigidi ukususela ngo 2000, ukuthintela ukuthelekelelwa kokufa kwezigidi ezili-17. Ukusetyenziswa kwemali yemali yamazwe angaphandle, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zonyango, ukukhutshwa kwemiqhakuva, kunye nokukhutshwa koluntu. Ngexesha lokufumana kwe-CHOVAID-19, i-CHOVAX copy / i-cocricky nguGavi, iWHO, kunye noMbali wemali ye-Cunicleting Incodiation Incodiation (CEPI).

Iinkqubo zempilo Zomeleza

Iinkqubo ezicacileyo zezifo, ngoxa zisindisa ubomi, zingasahlula iinkqubo zezempilo ngaphandle kokuba zizidibanise ngabom kwisiseko sobomi, imisebenzi, kunye nolawulo. Iinkqubo ezininzi zoncedo ngoku ziquka inkqubo yokomeleza impilo: ukwakha iirabhoratori, abasebenzi boluntu, ukuphucula amatyathanga okunikezela, kunye nokuxhasa iinkqubo zempilo. Inkqubo yeBhanki yeWorld iPandemic Fund [[, esungulwe ngo-20222], inika inkxaso yokomeleza ukulungiselela kunye neenkqubo zempilo kumazwe aphantsi naphakathi afumana. Inkqubo yempilo esebenzayo ayiphenduli nje kuphela kwiingozi ezibukhaliphayo kodwa ikwadlulisela unyango oluqhelekileyo, ukusuka kwimpilo ye-Bademian kwi-astrivertial trans.

Impilo Yomntwana, Inzala Nenzala

Ukuncipha kokufa kwabantwana abazalayo kunye nokufa kwabantwana kuseyinto ephambili kuncedo lwempilo lwehlabathi lonke. Iinkqubo ezixhaswe yi-UNICEF, iNgxowa-mali ye-UN (UNFPA), kunye nabanikeli be-bivolutensi baye bakhuthaza ukuzalwa komntwana onobuchule, ukunyanyekelwa kwabantwana abanongxamiseko, kunye notyelelo lokubeleka kwasemva kokubeleka. I-Global Finansimfality Facity (GFF), exhaswe yiWorld Bank, ithumela izinto zobuncwane zasekhaya kunye nangaphandle ukwenzela ukuzala, ubumama, usana, umntwana, kunye nempilo ekwishumi elivisayo. Phezu kwayo nje inkqubela yehlabathi lonke (i- 34% ne-2020) umlinganiselo wokufa kuka-Saharan Afrika phakathi kwama-70% okufa kukamama, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba kuqhubeke kuveliswa nophuhliso-mali kunye nokusungulwa kwemali.

Uqeqesho nophuhliso lomsebenzi wempilo

Inkqubo yezempilo yomelele nje njengabantu bayo. Uncedo lwezonyango lwamazwe angaphandle luxhasa imfundo kunye nokuqeqeshwa koogqirha, obongikazi, oomathishe, kunye nabasebenzi bezempilo abasekuhlaleni. Iinkqubo ezifana ne-Medical Educational Partigation Initiative (MEPI) kunye nephulo lobuNcukubhede ngoku zincedile ekwakheni umgangatho wasekuhlaleni. Kumazwe amaninzi angenayo, abasebenzi bezempilo abambalwa, baxhasa ukuhlaliswa kwempilo, ukunyangwa kwesifo somalariya, kunye nemfundo yezempilo. Ukunyuselwa kwemfundo ekuqeqesheni kwabo, ulawulo, kunye nokubuyiselwa komdlalo-mfako kuyimfuneko ukuze baqhubeke impumelelo. I-WHOSALY

Ulungiso lwePandemic nokhuseleko lwempilo

Isifo se-COVOID-19 esibhenca ubuthathaka kukhuseleko lwempilo lwehlabathi lonke. Uncedo lwangaphandle lujoliswe ngokuqhubekayo ekuthinteleni, ekufumaneni, nasekusabeleni kwiziphumo zexesha elizayo. I-International Health Regional (IHR) ifuna amazwe agcine amakhono angundoqo okuhlola, uvavanyo lwelebhurejini, kunye nokuphendula kongxamiseko. Abaxhasi baxhasa le migudu nge-WHOW's Fund ye-Emertication for Emertication, i-Pandemic Fund, kunye neenkqubo ze-biteacal Sy Syn Bank’s Pandemic, ukukhusela ukhuseleko lwempilo kukhusele nje kuphela ekuveliseni imikhozo yoogen kodwa kwanokwakha ulungiso lwezinye iingozi, njengeengozi zemvelo. [[FLD:0].

Ukulinganisa Ukuphumelela Koncedo Lwempilo

Ukukhangela enoba uncedo lwamanye amazwe luphumeza iziphumo zalo ezicetyiweyo kubalulekile ekuphenduleni ityala nasekufundeni. Uvavanyo lwendlela yokusebenza, iimvavanyo ezilawulwa ngokungenamkhethe, kunye nokuqokelelwa kogcino-lwazi lwesiqhelo kunceda ukulandelelana kwemikhondo kwiimodeli ezifana nokufa okungaphantsi kwesihlanu, ukugonyelwa, kunye nokuvela kwezifo. IZiko lezeHealth Metrics kunye ne-Exalification (IHME) kunye neWHO ivelisa uhlolo oluthe rhoqo lwenkxaso-nkxaso-yonyango kunye neziphumo zayo. Ngoxa iinkqubo ezininzi zibonisa iinzuzo ezicacileyo, ulwahluzo olulula, ulwano olubangelwa bubukho babadlali abaninzi kunye nobeko. Inyathelo elibonisa ukubonakala ngaphaya kwengqondo, njenge international Servection Irection Irection Irection Intection (ITAtine), injongo yokunceda ugcino-data olufikelelekayo noluthelekayo.

Amabali Nobungqina Obunempumelelo

Kukho iinkqubo eziliqela zesikali eziye zavavanywa ngokungqongqo. Kuqikelelwa ukuba utyalo-mali lweGlobal yeNgxowa-mali lusindise ubomi babantu abangamawaka angama-59 ezigidi ekupheleni ko-2023. I-PEPFAR ibhaliwe kakuhle, kunye nophando olubonisa ukuncipha okuma-60% kwabantu abafa noGawulayo phakathi konyaka wama-2004 nowama-2020. Iinkqubo zokugonya i-gavi ziye zathintela izigidi zabantu zaza zaza zavelisa ukunyuka kwezoqoqosho ukuya kutsho kwizihlandlo ezingama-544. Ezi ngxelo zibonisa ukuba ukutyikitywa kakuhle, ukuxhaswa kakuhle koncedo lwempilo kusenokuvelisa iziphumo ezingaqhelekanga. Kwakhona zibalasemgangatho lwemiqatha yokuzinikela okude-2020. Iinkqubo zokugoma i-diza iziphumo ezithe kratya.

Ucelomngeni Nokugxekwa

Phezu kwazo nje izinto eziphunyezweyo, uncedo lwamanye amazwe lwempilo lujamelana nocelomngeni oluzingisileyo.

Ukhuseleko nokuzinziswa

Abanye abahlalutyi baphikisa ngelithi uncedo lwexesha elide lungadala ukuxhomekeka, ukudinisa ukuqokelelwa koovimba basekhaya nokudinisa ukuthembeka kwabantu. Xa uncedo lubaleka lungaqikelelwa, oorhulumente abayamkelayo basenokuzama ukuceba nokuxhasa iinkqubo. Ukufuduka ukuya kumhlaba womnini-/apho oorhulumente besizwe bakhokela ukubeka phambili nokuzalisekisa `iimims ukusingatha lo mba. Noko ke, ukwakha indawo yemali kunye nobuchule bokubuyisela inkxaso yomnikezi kudinga ixesha kunye nokwenza ukuthanda kobupolitika. Ingcamango “yokukhuthazo” eluncekweni, njengoko kubonwa kumazwe anjengoBotswana neVietnam, ibonisa ukuba ukugcinwa kongeniso olukhoyo ngemigaqo yesandi ekugqibeleni kunciphisa ukuxhomekeka koncedo lwangaphandle.

Ukuphanza Nokuqhekeka

Izilangazelelo zomnikeli azisoloko zihambelana neemfuno zolwamkelo. Iingxowa-mali zingajoliswa kwizifo eziphezulu ze-profile okanye izinto eziphambili eziphenjelelwa kwezobupolitika ngeli xesha zityeshelwa kwemimandla ebalulekileyo enjengemisebenzi yempilo okanye izifo ezingasasazekiyo (NCD). Ngaphezu koko, ukwanda kweenkqubo ezithe nkqo kungenza ukuba iinkqubo zempilo ziqhelanise iinkqubo zezempilo, ziphambukise abasebenzi kunye nezixhobo ezikude kwinkathalo edityaniswe yi-coobian combiation, njengeecoratic combianments kunye namalungiselelo emali esizwe, anceda ukuvisisana nemigudu yokunikela. Isindululo, apho amazwe aseAfrika azinikele kwi-15% yoqingqo-mali yesizwe empilweni, ahlala ekwindawo yokuvelisa i-gcuntry, kodwa ambalwa aphumele.

Ukuchanabeka kwenkcubeko nokufikelela kwenkcazo

Ungenelelo lwempilo olungahoyi izithethe zasekuhlaleni, impembelelo yesini okanye ukwakhiwa kwamandla kudla ngokungaphumeleli. Umzekelo, imigudu yokunciphisa ukufa komama kufuneka ilungise imiqobo efana nokwenziwa kwamabhinqa, ukufikelela kwezothutho, kunye nokuthembana kwizixhobo zezempilo. Umanyano loluntu, ukwenziwa kobuchule, kunye nomanyano nemibutho yasekuhlaleni iphucula ukulungelelaniswa nokulwamkelwa kwenkqubo. Ukusilela kweminye imirhumo ephezulu, iprojekthi ekwimali ephezulu, yonke ekwixabiso eliphezulu, imfuneko yokulawula ubuchule kunye nokuthobeka koncedo.

Indima Ekhulayo Yabaququzeleli Abangengomagunya

I-Philanthropic iziseko, imibutho yabantu, nemibutho engangeni ngeniso idla ngokudlala kakhulu kwimpilo yomhlaba wonke. IBhili & Melinda Gates Foundation iyodwa ithengelwe ngaphezu kwama-$7 ezigidi zezigidi zempilo yehlabathi lonke ngowama-20222. Umanyano lwamaqumrhu, njengalawo aneenkampani ezisebenzisa amayeza ukuze anikele ngeziyobisi, lukwanegalelo. I-NGO njengeziGqrhwaphilizo ezingenamida, iiNtsebenzi ezikwimpilo, kunye ne-BRAC zisebenza kwizicwangciso ezicekisayo, zisebenza apho oorhulumente bengenako ukuxhasa nokuvelisa izinto. Ngoxa aba badlali besenza ukhuthamo lwezentengo lwezemali, ukunyuka kwemibutho yezentengo yezemali kunye nemifanekiso yezemali elungele ukuzuza ingeniso yezonyango. Ukuququququzelelana kwamalungu kunye nobuthathaka bemidlalo eyahlukeneyo.

Izinto Eziza Kuqala: Izifo Ezingenakuthintelwa, Impilo Yengqondo Nokutshintsha Kwemozulu

Ingxubusho yezempilo yomhlaba wonke iyanda ngaphezu kwenkxalabo yalo engokwesithethe kwizifo ezasulelayo kunye nempilo yomntwana ozalayo. Zizifo ezingachaphazelekiyo . ezifana nesifo sentliziyo nentliziyo, isifo seswekile, isifo somhlaza, kunye neemeko zokuphefumla. Ngoku zibangela ukubulawa kwabantu abangaphezulu kwama-70% emhlabeni wonke, nomthwalo okhulayo kumazwe aphantsi naphakathi. Uncedo lwezinye iindawo zokuthintela kunye nonyango lwengqondo luhlala lulinganiselwe, luba qhatha malunga ne-2% yoncedo lwenkqubela-phambili yempilo yempilo. Ukukhuthaza uNCD kwinkonzo ephambili nokukhuthaza ukulawulwa kwecuba, ukutya okusempilweni, kunye nokwenza imisebenzi yomzimba zimimandla apho uncedo lunokuguqula iziphumo ezincinci. Ngokufanayo, impilo yengqondo isoloko ibangelwa phantsi koxinezehloko, nonxunguphano lwengqondo.

Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kuya kuqatshelwa njengesixhobo esisongela impilo. Ukunyuka kobushushu, iziganeko zemozulu, kunye nokuguquka kwezifo ezibangelwa yi-transmittery kuchaphazela ukhuseleko lokutya, ubunjani bamanzi, kunye neentlobo zezifo ezasulelayo. Uncedo lwempilo kufuneka luziqhelanise ngokuxhasa iinkqubo zemozulu ezinika inkqubela-phambili, iinkqubo zokulumkisa ukuqhambuka, kunye nophando olungendlela yokulungisa imeko. I-WHO i-FLT Impefe yobomi [ ingqina indlela impilo kunye nemimiselo yemozulu elungeleneyo, ukukhuthaza imigaqo yomoya ecocekileyo enceda ukungenela izijikelezi -planethi kunye nezempilo yabantu. Iinkqubo zoncedo ezithi zizakusetyenziswa ngokuhambelana kwaye ziphumelele kumashumi eminyaka ezayo.

Ikamva Loncedo Lwempilo Emhlabeni Wonke

Ukukhangela phambili, iziphumo eziliqela ziya kubumba icebo loncedo lwamanye amazwe lwempilo.

Ukuhlaziywa kwempilo nogcino-lwazi lwamanani

Izixhobo zoncedo ziguqula iinkqubo zezempilo zamanani. Izixhobo ze-CHOVAD (mHealth) eziseqongeni, iirekhodi zezamayeza e-elektroniki, kunye neebhodi zogcino-lwazi zivumela ukujongwa kwamaxesha ezifo eziqhambukayo, ukubonelela ngeminxeba, kunye nolwahlulo lwamanani olulandela i-. Iinkqubo zoncedo zinika uhlolo oluthe rhoqo kwimiqathango yamanani kunye nolwazi. Isekwenziwa kwe-COVID-19 ukusetyenziswa kwe-telemedicine kunye nokudityaniswa kwamanani okulandelelana. Noko ke, izithuba kwi-intanethi ye-intanethi, imibandela yogcino-lwazi, kunye nolwahlulo lwamanani kufuneka zichazwe ukunqanda ukupheka okungena kwimiqatha. Intsebenzi yemigangatho yogcino-data kunye nobuchule bolwazi lwamanani lwamanani kunakho ukunyusa iziphumo kwiziphumo zoshishino-michiniselo lwemichiza-michiza-michiza-micio.

Ukuphangwa kweZibonelelo zasekhaya

Imali ebonelelwayo yempilo ekugqibeleni ixhomekeke kwingeniso yasekhaya. Njengoko amazwe afumana imali ephantsi naphakathi ekhula ngokwezoqoqosho, kulindeleke ukuba asebenze njengesabelo esikhulu sexabiso lempilo. Abanikazi ngoku bacwangcisa uncedo lobugcisa kutshintsho lwerhafu, ulwandiso lwe-inshorensi yempilo, kunye nolawulo lwezemali yoluntu. Amalungu e-Afrikaan Union a-G20 kunye nokutyhalela phambili ekwenzeni imichiza kunye namayeza asekuhlaleni kubonisa ukutshintsha okugqithisileyo kokuzithemba. Uncedo lungasebenza njenge-astrice, ukunceda ukwakha ubuchule bemali kunye nobuchule boluntu obufunekayo ukuze kufikelele ukhuseleko lwempilo lwehlabathi lonke.

Umanyano Nomnqweno Wezobupolitika

Amanyathelo empumelelo ehlabathi lonke eenkonzo zempilo asekelwe kumanyano olunamandla .Nkqubelano oluphakathi koorhulumente, abameli abaninzi, uluntu kunye necandelo labucala. Izakhono zezobupolitika ezixhaswe, kumazwe anikelayo nawamkelayo, zibalulekile ukugcina imigangatho yemali kunye nenkxalabo yenkqubo. Imali yeGlobal Fund yokubuyisela imfumba kunye noncedo lwempilo loGavi ibonakalisa indlela isibopho esimanyeneyo esinokukhuthaza ngayo amawaka ezigidi zabantu. Ukuzibandakanya kwemibutho yezonyango, abasebenzi bempilo, nemibutho yabantu igcina impilo ihleli ihleli kwimibango. Kwixesha lokungaqiniseki kwe-mali nenkququmla i-mali ephambili, imele yenziwe ngokutsha: ukuveliswa koncedo lwempilo akuyomfuneko nje kuphela ephambili kodwa kurhwebo olufanelekileyo olusuka kukhuseleko olunesahluzelo oluneyo.

Uncedo lwamazwe angaphandle luqhubele phambili iindlela zempilo yomhlaba wonke ngendlela ezinzulu, lusindisa ubomi obungathethekiyo kunye neenkqubo ezomelezayo ezinika inkathalo. Ubungqina bucacile: ujoliseko, uncedo olunobuchule luyasebenza. Kodwa umsebenzi awukagqitywa. Ukuphumeza uPhuhliso oluSigxina lweNkqubela-phambili yempilo yehlabathi lonke ngo-2030 kuza kufuna ulwandiso, umanyano oluchuliweyo, kunye nozibophelelo olungagungqiyo lokuphumelela nokungaphumeleli, ukufunda kwimpumelelo nokusebenzisa ulwakhiwo, kunye nokwenza amazwe kunye noluntu phakathi, uluntu lwehlabathi lonke lungaqhubeka luguqula ubomi ngoncedo lwemicebo kunye nomanyano.