Mihla le, izigidi zabantu emhlabeni wonke zichitha ixesha elibalulekileyo zisiya emsebenzini, esikolweni, kwimisebenzi yezentlalo. I-Melika ephakathi imalunga nemizuzu engama-7 ukuya kwenye, idibanisa iintsuku ezisithoba ngonyaka emva kwevili okanye kuloliwe. Ngoxa ukhetho lwabantu ngabanye malunga nendawo yokuhlala nendlela yokuhamba ngayo, izigqibo zikarhulumente kwingingqi, urhulumente, kunye nomgangatho wengingqi zisebenzisa amandla, ngokufuthi, impembelelo kuzo zonke iinkalo zendlela yemini. Kwindlela esihamba ngayo sixhomekeke kwimimiselo yebhasi, silungisa impumelelo, ukhuseleko, iindleko-mali, kunye nempembelelo yemekobume yohambo yethu. Ukuqonda olu nxulumano akukokuqhelisela nje ukukhuthaza ukubukeka, ukusetyenziswa kwemali, ukusetyenziswa kwemali, ukusetyenziswa kwendlela, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwendlela yokuthutha.

Indima Karhulumente Kwezothutho

Oorhulumente kulo lonke izinga(muninicipal, iphondo, urhulumente, kunye norhulumente) benza izigqibo ezichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo nangangqalanga izibonelelo zezithuthi, iinkqubo zothutho lukawonke-wonke, imimiselo yeetrafiki, kunye nemigaqo-mhlaba. Olu khetho lumisela indlela esihamba ngayo kunye nobunjani bamava ethu okuhamba. Impembelelo idlulela ngaphaya kokwakhiwa kwendlela nje; iquka indlela imali enikwa ngayo, ezobuchwephesha bezothu, nendlela imekobume kunye nendlela elungelelaniswe ngayo kwiingcinezelo zezoqoqosho.

Ukuxhasa Izinto Eziza Kuqala Nezokufudukela Ezindaweni Ezithile

Inkxaso-mali yezithuthi yenye yezona ndlela zibonakalayo urhulumente abumba ngazo itrafiki. Urhulumente wengingqi unika amawaka ezigidi zeerandi ngonyaka ngeenkqubo ezifana ne-IFL:0. UMthetho we-Infractrective Information kunye noMsebenzi woMsebenzi (IJA) , onika imali yendlela, ibhulorho, uthutho lukawonke-wonke, isithuthi, kunye nezithuthi zombane ezibiza ii-injini. Urhulumente kunye noorhulumente basekuhlaleni bagqiba ukuba bayisa njani ezi mali phakathi kwemisebenzi ekhuphisanayo, ulwando olukhaphu-khaphu, okanye umnatha wemida webhayisekile. Oku kunezi ziphumo ezihlala ixesha elide: isixeko esingenisa ukwandisa umendo lwendlela ezisemaphandle ne-raly, ngelitiods, ngenye yezothuthonga eliphindiweyo, uninzi oluhambayo, uluntu oluthe luhamba ngothutho olufutshane.

Imisebenzi yeFrames kunye noMthetho

Ngaphezu kwemali exhaswayo, oorhulumente bamisela imithetho yendlela ngomthetho kunye nomgaqo. Imilinganiselo yemithetho yezoqoqosho, iimfuno zentengo, imithetho yokubeka izakhiwo, kunye namaMelika anoMthetho (ADA) wonke aphembelela abenzi bezithuthi ukuvelisa izithuthi ezizipetroli eziphezulu, ukufumaneka, kunye nexabiso le-commumuting. Umzekelo, urhulumente u-Awulinganiseleli woMthamo we-Auto [uMsebenzi we-Equatles] I-ECONOM] I-ARP [unicelthi ye-omatilavesss] Inokwenza ukuqhuba kube nomtsalane ngakumbi ngokwenza i-gratooki ibeninzi nexabiso elishicileyo lokwandisa iindleko zezindlu kunye ne-ogrograc.

Uphuhliso lwezibonelelo neziphumo zalo zemingxuma

Uphuhliso lomthetho yenye yezona ndawo zibonakalayo nezinempembelelo ekwenzeni izigqibo zikarhulumente. Ulwakhiwo okanye ulwandiso lweendlela, iibhulorho, iintambo zokuthutha, kunye nezakhiwo zabahamba ngenqwelo-moya zitshintsha ngqo imilinganiselo yokuhamba, amaxesha okuhamba, kunye nendlela yokukhetha. Ezi misebenzi zidla ngokumela iminyaka yokuceba kunye namawaka ezigidi zeerandi, ukanti iziphumo zazo ziphinde zihambe kangangamashumi eminyaka.

Imisebenzi yendlela neyondlela ephakamileyo

Oohola bendlela abatsha bangawanciphisa ngokuphawulekayo amaxesha okuhamba abaqhubi, kodwa bakwabangela ukuba bafune uncedo olungakumbi . Ukukhuthaza abantu abaninzi ukuba baqhube imigama emide, esoloko ikhokelela ekuxinanizelekeni kwakhona kwiminyaka embalwa. Urhulumente uNational Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) uqikelela ukuba ukuminyana kubiza amaMelika amawaka ezigidi ezingama-207 zezigidi ngethuba elilahlekileyo nangepetroli. Izigqibo zikarhulumente apho anokuyila khona okanye ukwandisa iindlela, indlela yokuyila ingxubusho, nokuba ngaba ziquka iindleko eziphezulu zokuhamba kwemoto (HOV) zichaphazela indlela abantu abanokukwazi ngayo ukusebenza okanye ukuphumelela.

Uphuhliso oluDityanisiweyo

Phambili koorhulumente abakhangelayo basebenzisa izibonelelo zesiseko sorhwebo kwinkqubela-phambili yothutho ekhoyo (TOD). Ngokulungisa umhlaba kufutshane nezitishi ezintsha zothutho ezidityanisiweyo eziphezulu, izixeko zinganciphisa umgama phakathi kwamakhaya, imisebenzi, neenkonzo, ukwenza uthutho lukawonke-wonke, ukuhamba, nokuxhobisa ngempumelelo eninzi. Le ndlela iye yasebenza ngokunempumelelo kwizixeko ezifana ne- Arlington, Virginia, apho ucwangciso lobuchule lwengingqi olukungqonge iMetros lwenze imimandla echukumi, ihamba kakuhle, ihamba kakuhle, ihamba ngamaxesha asezantsi okujikelezayo kune-ava-avarejini. Le nkqubo ifuna ukuba ulawulo oluqinileyo kurhulumente olufuna ulungiso lwezo lwezogcino-marike, ugcino-mali, ugcino-mali kunye nomanyano loluntu.

Inkcubeko engachaphazelekayo

Ukuveliswa kwemali kwimijelo yeebhayisekile, iindlela zabahamba ngemigama, kunye nokudibana kwabantu abahamba ngenqwelo-moya yenye indlela yesigqibo esibalulekileyo sikarhulumente. Uphando oluvela kwi- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) lubonisa ukuba abantu abahlala kwiindawo ezikhuselekileyo kwizinto eziluncedo zokuhamba kunye nokuhamba ngebhayisekile basengozini yokusebenzisa isithuthisi esisebenzayo, esinciphisa ukuxinanazekisa nokuphucula impilo kawonke kawonke-wonke. Noko ke, le misebenzi isoloko ijongeneemfazwe zokuxhasa iinjongo zoncedo lwemiqathango , imigaqo-"ekunyuka kwezitrato"-enqakal''ukuyilwa kwazo ukuba zenzelwe bonke abasebenzisi, hayi nje iinqwelo - mafutha mafutha zokwenza ukuzinikela kukarhulumente kwimijelo-mfor-meya.

Iinkqubo zonikezelo lukawonke-wonke: ukufikelela, ukulingana, nokuphinda kuguqulelwe

Uthutho lukawonke-wonke lusisiseko sokuhamba ngesantya esiphezulu kwizigidi zabantu basedolophini, kodwa ukuphumelela kwalo kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwizigqibo zikarhulumente eziphathelele ukuxhaswa kwemali, iindlela, ubuninzi benkonzo, kunye nezakhiwo zokuqhuba. Xa ezi nkqubo zixhaswa kakuhle, zinika enye indlela ethembekileyo yokuqhuba; xa zityeshelwa, ziba ngumthombo wonxunguphalo nokungabikho kokulingana.

Iimodeli ezibonelela ngemali kunye nomgangatho wenkonzo

Amaqumrhu othutho lukawonke-wonke axhomekeke kwintlanganisela yemali ehlawulwayo, irhafu yasekuhlaleni, inkxaso-mali karhulumente, kunye nentlawulo karhulumente. Imodeli ebuthathaka yemali. Njengemali eninzi esetyenziswayo kwimali ehlawulelwayo okanye irhafu eshushu yerhafu, kwaye ikhokelele kwinkonzo, ugcino olubekelwe ixesha elifutshane, kunye nolwaludala. Ngokungafaniyo, amadolobha afana [[FLT: 0]] Zirich, Switzerland, efaka imali eninzi kakhulu ehambayo enezabeko ezininzi eziphezulu ezithengisweni zokuthengisa intengiso ehlabathini lonke. Izigqibo zonke ezihlawulwa nguRhulumente ezingenisa imali eninzi ehlabathini. Izigqiyo zoncedo ezithengwa ngumsebenzi woluntu kuphela kodwa zingenisa ii-R3, kwaye zitsala abasebenzi abathembekileyo abasebenzi abathembekileyo. [[FLD2:]

Ukucwangcisa i-Route kunye noNxulumano

Amaqumrhu karhulumente, ngokufuthi ngemibutho yocwangciso lwezothutho yengingqi, ukuyila imibutho yeenkqubo zokuthutha. Izigqibo ezithi imimandla ifumane iindlela zoduladula, amaxesha amaninzi ibaleka, nendlela ezidibana ngayo nemigca yesiporo yezobupolitika. Ingingqi ezinokungabikho kakuhle kwendlela zokuhamba. Ngokufuthi zifumana imali ephantsi kunye neendawo ezincinane ezikhoyo. Izigqibo zokufumana iindlela zokuthutha abantu, ukulingana nokungalinganiyo [[FLTLT]] ukulingana komngeni wokwenza izigqibo zikarhulumente, kunye nokutyhalela phambili kwemigaqo eqinisekisa ukuba abantu bonke banokufikelela kukhetho oluphezulu lokuhamba. Izibophelelo zomcimbini lwezo ngendawo engqongileyo ziye zanceda, kodwa izigqibo zasekuhlaleni zisenza iimpazamo ezinkulu.

Yiba Nemilinganiselo Neziphene

I-priggrafi yenye isixhathiso sikarhulumente. Ezinye izixeko zinika imali ecuthiweyo kubakhweli abafumana iingeniso eziphantsi, abaphezulu, okanye abafundi, abaxhaswa yinkxaso-mali kawonke-wonke. Ezinye ziye zasebenzisa iinkqubo zokuthutha ezikhululekileyo (umz., Kansas City, Missouri[)] ukunyusa abakhweli kunye nokungagqibeki. Le nkqubo ifuna ukuxhasa kwezobupolitika nokuxhasa okuqhubekayo. Ngokuphikisana noko, imali yokugquma iindleko zokusebenza idla ngokuqhuba abakhweli benqanawa, ingakumbi ezinengeniso esezantsi, ikhokelela ekunyukeni okusezantsi kokuhla kwenqanawa yokukhwela nabakhweli kunye nokusikwa kwenkonzo.

Imithetho yezorhwebo namanyathelo okhuseleko

Imimiselo yendlela imiselwe ngabasemagunyeni borhulumente ukuqinisekisa ukukhuseleka, ukulawula ukuxinana kwemiqolo, nokunika isikhokelo esithe ngqo sendlela. Ngeli xesha idla ngokuthathwa lula, le mithetho, kwaye ukunyanzeliswa kwayo kuchaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle komgangatho kunye nokhuseleko lomntu.

Imida Yesantya Nonyanzelo

Imida yesantya ibekwe ngurhulumente kunye noorhulumente basekuhlaleni, ngokufuthi esekelwe kwizifundo zobunjineli kunye neendlela zeenqwelo-moya. Noko ke, uxinzelelo lwezobupolitika lungakhokelela kwisantya esiphezulu kakhulu ukuba silungiselelwe indlela ekhuselekileyo. Izigqibo zikarhulumente ezinokuthi zinciphise ukhuseleko nokuphucula ukhuseleko, nangona zidla ngokuphikiswana.

Ukuzola Nokuyila Kwendlela

Oorhulumente basebenzisa amanyathelo okuthoba ukuthomalalisa iinqwelo-mafutha, ukujikeleza, ukunyuka kwendlela, iindlela ezinqumlayo , ukucotha kwezithuthi nokukhusela abahamba ngenqwelo-moya nabakhweli beebhayisikile. Ezi zigqibo zisoloko zenziwa kumgangatho wasekuhlaleni ngenxa yenkxalabo yoluntu. Inkqubo ecwangcisiweyo ezolileyo yezithuthi ingenza iingozi zikhululeke ngakumbi kwaye zenze izitrato zikhululeke ngakumbi ekuhambeni nasekujijekeni, zikhuthaza ngokungangqamani, zize zikhusele ipetroli.

Ulawulo lokupakisha

Imigaqo yokumisa ingumsebenzi onamandla. Owona mqathango uncinci wemfuno zokumisa iipatroli, omiselwe yimithetho yokumisa, abaphuhlisi abanyanzeli ukunikezela ngophatho lokumisa imoto, okwenza ukuqhuba kube luncedo kakhulu kodwa kwandisa iindleko zezindlu kwaye kukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwemoto. Ngokuchasene noko, izixeko ezifana ne i-San Francisco[ ifumene imida ephezulu yokumisa nokunyanzela ukunqanda ukuqhuba nokuhlisa ukudilika. Izigqibo zikarhulumente malunga nokusetyenziswa kwemvume kunye nentengo zemali ehlawulo, zikwanempembelelo ukuba abantu bakhetha ukuqhuba.

Ukucingwa Kwemeko - bume Nempilo

Ukusebenza kungumthombo oyintloko wokukhutshwa kwegesi eshushu nongcoliso lomoya.

Imigangatho yokuhamba kunye nomgangatho womoya

Imilinganiselo ye-flerel ne-oxide yezithuthi ne-oxide ye-oxide karhulumente, iquka imigangatho ye-FOUS Sperse Moyer Board (CARB) yaseKhalifoniya elandelwa ngamazwe amaninzi, atyhala abenzi beenqwelo-mafutha ukuze benze iinqwelo-mafutha ezicocekileyo. Le milinganiselo ikhokelele ekuncipheni okuphawulekayo kwezinto ezingcolisa umsila njenge-nitrogen oxide kunye nemeko ye-partulate, ukuphuhlisa ubunjani bomoya nempilo kawonke-wonke. I-ENVIronthity Protection Agency (EPA) iqikelela ukuba imilinganiselo yezithuthi ezikhaphu-mfams ezihambayo i-msila i-msila i-athobom iza kusindisa i-ithatha i-1 000-injini yongcongcongco entle ngonyaka ngo-2030. Noko ke, iimfazwe zezobupolitika zibangela ukungaqiniseki ukunga ulungiso lwezizo lwezi-mali.

Izixhobo Zombane Ezikhuthazayo

Izikhuthazo zikarhulumente .⁠ njengezincomo zerhafu karhulumente, iimali eziphinda-phindwayo, kunye novezi-mali ekupheliseni izibonelelo zokwenza izinto zokwenza izinto ngcono − dibanisa ukwamkelwa kwezithuthi zombane (EV). I-IJA iquka ii-$7,5 zezigidi zezigidi ukwenzela izikhululo ezihamba nge-EV. Le nkqubo ingenza inciphe indleko ende yokuthumela abaninizo ngeli xesha linciphisa ukhuphiso. Kodwa ukusebenza kuxhomekeke ekunikezelweni ngokulinganayo kwezikhululo eziqeshiweyo ukuze kungene abaqeshi kunye noluntu olufumana imali ephantsi

Izinto Zokuhamba Nempilo Kawonke - wonke

Ukukhuthaza ukuhamba nokuhamba ngebhayisekile kwiinkqubo zotyalo-mali ezixhasayo zineengenelo ezithe ngqo zempilo. I- World Health Organization (WHO) icebisa ubuncinane imizuzu eli- 150 yokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo ngeveki, kwaye ukuhamba ngebhayisekile yindlela elula yokufikelela oku. Izigqibo zikarhulumente zokwakha iindlela ezikhuselekileyo, iindledlana zebhayisekile, kunye nemikhondo ingenza umgangatho womsebenzi womzimba othe tyaba kwaye inciphise ukutyeba kwesifo sentliziyo, kunye nesifo seswekile. Iingxelo zempilo ziyaxhaphaka ngakumbi ekuceleni oku, ukudibanisa iinjongo zempilo kurhulumente kwizigqibo zikarhulumente.

Impembelelo Yezoqoqosho Yokulawula Imicimbi

Ukuya kumsebenzi kunemiphumo ebalulekileyo yezoqoqosho, -- umntu ngamnye, amashishini kunye noqoqosho olubanzi. Izigqibo zikarhulumente ezichaphazela amaxesha anzima, iindleko kunye nokuthembeka zinemiphumo engenakuthelekiswa nanto.

Ukuvelisa Imveliso Nexesha Elilahlekileyo

I-Texas A&M Transportation Institute’s Urban Moolity Report iqikelela ukuba ukuxinana kwemichiza kwabangela ukuba amaMelika aphulukane neeyure ezingamawaka ezigidi ezisisi-8.

Iindleko Kubaphathi-mikhosi Nabahlawuli Berhafu

Indlu ephakathi yaseMerika ichitha malunga ne-15% yengeniso yayo kwizithuthi, inani elinyukayo kwiintsapho ezifumana imali ephantsi. Izigqibo zikarhulumente malunga nerhafu, irhafu yerhasi, iindleko zokuthutha, kunye nokumisa imoto kuchaphazela ngqo uqingqo-mali lwendlu. Abahlawula imali bakwathwala ixabiso lokugcinwa kwezixhobo kunye nolwandiso. Inkqubo yezothutho ecwangcisiweyo enika ukhetho olunokufikeleleka olunokufikeleleka ngezantsi. Elifana nokuhla kwezithuthi okanye ukukhwela irhafuzo-a imali exhobisayo kwizithuthi, ngokunjalo inyusa iinzuzo zezoqoqosho ngokufumana imisebenzi.

Ubandakanyeko Nobuchule Boluntu

Izigqibo zokuhamba azenzeki kwisixhobo sokuhamba esikwindawo engalungelelananga, ziphenjelelwa ziinkqubo zobupolitika ezinokuphenjelelwa ngabemi. Ukuqonda indlela yokuziphumeza ngokunempumelelo izinto ezinokuvela kuzo kungundoqo ekuphuculeni amava okuhamba.

Iinkqubo zokuthabatha inxaxheba Kuwonke - wonke

Oorhulumente basoloko benolwazi lukawonke-wonke, iinkampani zokusebenzela, kunye nohlolo lwe-intanethi ukuze baqokelele igalelo kwiiprojekthi ezicetyiswayo. Kodwa ke, ezi nkqubo zinokubasoyikisa okanye zingafikeleleki kubantu abaninzi abahlala apho. Amaqela okungakhutshelwanga asebenza ukwenza kube lula ukuthabatha inxaxheba, kodwa umzekelo, ngokunika utshintsho, ukunyamekela abantwana, okanye iindlela zokuzifumana. IFEDAL Transit Administration (FT) ifuna amaxesha okugqabazayo kwimisebenzi emikhulu yezothutho, kodwa abameli bafumana iinkcukacha. Abahlali bengi bengiselwaneyo bangatyhalela phambili kwiinkqubo ezibonisa iimfuno zabo bonke abasebenzi, hayi nje ngezamazwi angxolo.

Intshukumo ye Grasrosot

Amaphulo aphumelelayo okusebenzisa i-odolophu aguqule ezothutho kwizixeko ezininzi. Umzekelo, i-Vision Zero intshukumo yaqala njengomzamo wotyani owenzelwe ukuphelisa ukufa kweenqwelo-moya kwaye yamkelwe zizixeko ezininzi. Ngokufanayo, ukusetyenziswa kwendlela ezikhuselekileyo zebhasi eziya kwizikolo, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwazo ngempumelelo kukhokelela kwiinguqu zenkqubo. Xa uluntu kunye neempikiswano ezikhoyo zedata zikho ukutyunjwa kwamagosa orhulumente, bayakwazi ukuguqula izinto eziphambili kurhulumente zilungelelanisa, ezinokungalinganiyo.

Ikamva Lokugunyazisa: Izimbo Nezifundo Zobugcisa

Njengoko ubugcisa kunye nabantu belizwe beguquka, izigqibo zikarhulumente ziya kuqhubeka zitshintsha ikamva lezinto ezihambayo. Ukusuka kwizinto ezisemgangathweni ukuya kwimigaqo ekude yomsebenzi, ukhetho oluye lwenziwa namhlanje luza kuchaza ukuhamba kangangamashumi eminyaka.

Ukuphambana okukrelekrele nogcino-lwazi

Oorhulumente basebenzisa ngokukhulayo ugcino-lwazi olusuka kwimivo yendlela, iGPS, kunye nee-apps ezihambayo ukulawula ukuxinana nokuphucula ucwangciso lokuthutho. Iinkqubo zezothutho (iITS) ezinamandla zingalungisa imiqondiso yendlela, zinike abasebenzi ulwazi lokwenene kunye nokuxela ukubaleka. Noko ke, izigqibo ezimalunga ne-data, imigangatho evulekileyo, kunye notyalo-mali kwisiseko sobugcisa ziya kugqiba ukuba ziwanciphisa njani amaxesha okuhamba. Umanyano lwezothutho lukawonke-wonke lungakhawulezisa ukuthunyelwa, kodwa ulawulo luyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukufikelela okufanelekileyo.

Ukusebenzisa Iifowuni Nomsebenzi Obhetyebhetye

Isifo se-COVOVID-19 sabonisa ukuba umsebenzi owenziwe kude unokwenzeka kumacandelo amaninzi, kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente − njengezihlomelo zerhafu zenkcitho ye-ofisi yasekhaya okanye ulwando lwamabhanki olubanzi ```````ikhuthaza intsingiselo''. Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ze-teknoloji kunciphisa inani lezithuthi kwindlela, ukuxinana kwemijelo nokukhutshwa komphunga. Noko ke, ikwabangela imingeni kumaqumrhu okuthutha abantu abaxhomekeke kwimali yabasebenzi. Izigqibo zikarhulumente malunga nokuba zixhasa na amalungiselelo omsebenzi alungele ukusebenza okanye ukutyala kwizixhobo zorhwebo ezisebenza kunye nezibonelelo manani, ziya kuphembelela indlela abantu abaninzi abafuna ngayo ukuthuthwa.

Izinto Ezizinzileyo Neenqwelo - mafutha Ezizenzekelayo

Ezinye izinto zokubasa ngezantsi, igesi yendalo evuselelwayo, kunye ne-biofels , ziyakwazi ukukhupha iimoto ezinzima njengooduladula kunye neelori. Inkxaso yorhulumente kunye nemiyalelo ibalulekile ekulinganiseni imveliso. Okwangoku, izithuthi ezizimeleyo (izi-avs) zingatshintsha ngokunceda ukukhwela, ukunciphisa iimfuno zokupaka nokuphucula ukhuseleko. Kodwa ngaphandle kokusebenza komthetho karhulumente, ii-AV zingandisa izithuthi ezihamba kunye nokuxinana kwenqanawa. I-accies ezikhuthaza ukuhamba nokunyuswa koomatshini abahlukeneyo, kunokusetyenziswa kokwabumnini, ziya kuba yimfuneko ukuze kulondolozwe ixesha elizayo.

Isiphelo

Uqhagamshelwano phakathi kwezigqibo zikarhulumente kunye nendlela ohamba ngayo imihla ngemihla lufikelela kude kwaye lusoloko lungasetyenziswa. Umngxuma ngamnye olungisiweyo, indlela yebhasi elungisiweyo, okanye isantya esilungisiweyo ngumphumo wokhetho lwenkqubo echaphazela izigidi zabantu. Ngokuqonda indlela ezixhaswa ngayo izinto eziphambili, imimiselo, kunye nokuma kobume bengingqi yezothutho, abantu ngabanye banokufundiswa ngeenguqulelo. Ukubonelela linyathelo lokuqala. Ukuba iya kwintlanganiso yebhunga lesixeko, ukuxhasa irhafuthelo elincinane, okanye ukukhetha ngokulula ibhayisekile okanye ukuhamba, ngamnye wethu unendima ekwakheni imekobume ekhuselekileyo, eluncedo, kwaye exhasa konke. Ikamva lokuhamba akuyiyo nje kwizandla zoonjineli kunye nezocwangciso olungcono.