Ukuqonda ulwalamano oluntsonkothileyo phakathi kwemigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente yasekuhlaleni kunye nokhetho lwezonyango kubalulekile kwiintsapho ezihamba kwindawo entsonkothileyo yezonyango. Izigqibo zikarhulumente wasekuhlaleni zingakuchaphazela ngokuphawulekayo ukufumaneka, ukufumaneka, nokufaneleka konyango. Ngoxa urhulumente norhulumente begunyaziso zisoloko zifumana imixholo ephambili, yingingqi, isixeko, kunye nomgangatho kamasipala apho iziphumo ezikhawulezileyo kubomi bemihla ngemihla zinokwenzeka khona. Ukusuka kwinkxaso yemali yekliniki-kliniki-yo yengingqi yengingqi ukuya kutsho nemithetho ebonisa apho izibhedlele zinokusekwa khona, imigaqo yasekuhlaleni ibumba imeko-bume yempilo ngendlela enzulu. Eli nqaku lihlola iindawo apho imigaqo karhulumente yezonyango idibana nezigqibo, linikela ukuqonda indlela ezinokuxhasa ngayo iimfuno zolwazi lweemfuno zazo kwaye zenze ukhetho olunolwazi.

Indima Karhulumente Wasekuhlaleni Ekunyamekeleni Impilo

Urhulumente wasekuhlaleni udlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulolongeni iinkqubo zonyango ezichaphazela iintsapho ngokuthe ngqo. Le nkqubo ingeyahluke kwinkxaso-mali yamasebe onyango lwasekuhlaleni ukuya kulawula amaziko onyango kunye neenkonzo. Ngokungafaniyo neenkqubo zengingqi zorhulumente ezifana neMedicare okanye iMedicaid, inyathelo loluntu lisoloko linxulunyaniswa namanani akhethekileyo kunye neengxaki zoluntu. Umzekelo, ingingqi yasemaphandleni isenokubeka indawo ephakamileyo ye-telehealth, ngoxa isixeko sasedolophini sigxininisa kwikliniki kunye neenkonzo zongxamiseko.

Impembelelo engundoqo karhulumente iquka:

  • [[UMTL:0] Ukugquma ukwenzela amanyathelo empilo kawonke-wonke – uqingqo-mali lwasekuhlaleni lunikezela ngezixhobo zokugoma, ukujongwa kwezifo, namaphulo emfundo yempilo.
  • Umiselo lwabanikezeli bezonyango – iplanga elinika i-Licens kunye namasebe ezempilo amisela imilinganiselo yeekliniki, izibhedlele, kunye noogqirha ngabanye.
  • Ukwandiswa kweenkqubo zonyango – amasebe asekuhlaleni alungiselela iinkqubo zikarhulumente kunye norhulumente ezifana naMamany, Infants, kunye nabantwana (WIC) okanye iinkonzo zempilo yengqondo yoluntu.
  • [[UMTL:0] Uhlolo lwezonyango olukodwa - uhlolo oluthe rhoqo lubonisa eyona miba ingxamiseko yempilo engxamisekileyo kummandla, ukukhokela inkqubo ephambili.

Urhulumente wasekuhlaleni usebenzisana nemibutho engafumani ngeniso kunye nezinhlangano ezizimeleyo ukuze zizalise amakhefu. Ngokomzekelo, isixeko sisenokubeka ikliniki yamahala kwindawo encinane okanye sinike iintshukumisa zerhafu ukutsala oogqirha kwimimandla efuna ingeniso ephezulu. Ezi zigqibo zichaphazela umgangatho wokhetho olukhoyo kwiintsapho.

Ukufumaneka konyango kunye nokusebenziseka

Ukufikelela kwimpilo kudla ngokunqunyulwa yimigaqo karhulumente yasekuhlaleni echaphazela ukusasazwa kwezibonelelo zezonyango. Iintsapho zisenokufumanisa ukuba ukhetho lwazo lonyango lulinganiselwe kukufumaneka kweenkonzo kwindawo yazo. Indawo ye-grafiki, umgangatho wengeniso, kwanezibonelelo zezithuthi ziphenjelelwa yimithetho yasekuhlaleni nokusebenzisa izinto eziza kuqala.

Oothunywa abaphambili baquka:

  • I- I-Project kwizibhedlele nakwikliniki – imithetho yokulungisa indawo kunye nokucwangcisa umhlaba kumisela indawo apho amaziko ezonyango anokukhiwa khona. Iintsapho ezikwimimandla ekufuphi eziphuhlisiweyo zisenokuswela ukhetho ukuba urhulumente wasekuhlaleni akagunyazisanga izibonelelo zempilo kuloo mimandla.
  • Ukufumaneka kweengcali -imimandla yasemaphandleni isoloko itsala iingcali ngenxa yexabiso eliphantsi lembuyekezo nenkxaso elinganiselweyo. Iinkqubo zokuhlawula okanye ukubolekisa zasekuhlaleni zingakhuthaza oogqirha ukuba basebenzise kuluntu olungaphantsi kwenkonzo.
  • Iinketho zentengiso ezikhoyo – Ngexesha i-inshorensi ilawulwa kakhulu kumgangatho karhulumente, oorhulumente basekuhlaleni banokuphembelela iindidi zeeplani ezinikelwa ngeenkqubo zonyango zabaqeshwa bakawonke-wonke okanye ngokudala izivumelwano zokuthenga amashishini amancinane.
  • Iinkonzo zorhwebo kumadinga onyango – ubalo oluninzi lusebenzisa iinkqubo zezothutho ezingekho msinyane. Ngaphandle kweenkonzo ezinjalo, iintsapho ezingenamoto zijongene nemiqobo ebalulekileyo ekunyamekeleni okuqhelekileyo.

Imizekelo yokufumaneka kwamapolisa asekuhlaleni

Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni bangayimisela iinkqubo ezichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukufikelela kwempilo. Imizekelo yehlabathi yokwenene iquka:

  • Ukufundisa amaziko ezempilo zoluntu kwimimandla egciniweyo – amadolobha afana neChicago aye asebenzisa iminikelo yorhulumente kunye nemali yasekuhlaleni ukuvula amaziko ezempilo amatsha kummandla ekunzima ukufumana, kucutha igumbi longxamiseko.
  • [[NT.0] Umanyano lwezothutho kunye neenkonzo zasekuhlaleni – Ezinye izibalo zisebenzisa iinkqubo zokukhwela ukwenzela utyelelo lwamayeza, imodeli eyangqineka iluncedo kakhulu ngexesha lesifo se-COVID-19.
  • Imisebenzi yokufakela i-telehealth ukufikelela kubemi abakude – ubalo lwasemaphandleni kumazwe anjengeMontana neWyoming lufakelele kwizakhiwo ezibanzi zebhanki kunye nezakhiwo ze-injini, zivumela iintsapho ukuba ziqhagamshelane noogqirha abanolwazi ngeemayile ezingamakhulu.

Iintsapho zifanele ziphande kwiingxelo zesebe lezonyango lasekuhlaleni okanye ziye kwiintlanganiso zebhunga lesixeko ukuze ziqonde ukuba ziziphi iindlela zokungena endaweni yazo.

Umgangatho weenkonzo zonyango

Ubunjani beenkonzo zonyango lomnye ummandla obalulekileyo ophenjelelwa yimigaqo karhulumente wasekuhlaleni. Iintsapho zixhomekeke ekucocekeni okuphezulu, okunokuchaphazeleka ngemilinganiselo yolawulo kunye nezigqibo zenkxaso-mali. Ubunjani abunabo nje ubuchule babanikezeli ngabanye, kwaye bubonisa izinto zomgangatho wenkqubo ezifana nemigangatho yesibonelelo, imigaqo-nkqubo yokhuseleko yomonde, kunye nezibonelelo zempilo yoluntu.

Imimandla engundoqo yempembelelo yangaphakathi:

  • Iziseko ezisesikweni zezonyango -ikhowudi zokwakha kunye nemithetho yokhuseleko lomlilo yasekuhlaleni isebenza kwizibhedlele nakwikliniki. Okubaluleke ngakumbi, amasebe ezempilo aqhuba uhlolo kwaye anyanzelise imilinganiselo yogutyulo kunye nokulawulwa kwamalungu osuleleko.
  • Iimfuno zokunika imvume kugqirha oyingcali zonyango – Ngelixesha ukufakwa kwe-intwala kumgangatho oyintloko karhulumente, oorhulumente basekuhlaleni basoloko bejonge ukubhaliswa kwabasebenzi bempilo kawonke-wonke kwaye bangamisela iimfuno ezongezelelekileyo zokuqheliswa kwamaziko asekuhlaleni.
  • Ukusungulela iinkqubo zoqeqesho kunye nezokufundisa – iikholeji zoMbutho kunye neenkqubo zomsebenzi owenziwa ngabongikazi, abancedisi bezamayeza, kunye namagcisa axhomekeke kwinkxaso-mali yasekuhlaleni. Abasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo baphucula umgangatho wokunyamekela.
  • [[NT.0] Amaphulo empilo ePublic ukukhuthaza ukukhuthazwa kwe- – amaphulo okulwa nokutshaya, iinkqubo zokuthintela ukutyeba ngokugqithiseleyo, kunye namanyathelo okuqonda impilo yengqondo asoloko enziwe kumgangatho wasekuhlaleni ukusingatha iimfuno ezithile zoluntu.

Amanyathelo Okuqala Asekuhlaleni Okuphucula Ubunjani

Urhulumente wasekuhlaleni usoloko emisela amanyathelo okuphucula indlela yokunyamekela abantu.

  • Iinkqubo zokuphucula umgangatho wezibhedlele – Ezinye izixeko zimisele "imali-yokwenza" iinkqubo ezivuza izibhedlele ngokunciphisa amaqondo okufunda okanye ukuphucula ulwaneliseko lomguli.
  • Iinkqubo zokwamkelwa kwezibonelelo zonyango – amasebe ezempilo asekuhlaleni angafuna ukunconywa kwemizimba njengeKhomishini ePhakathi njengemeko ye-insolation, ukuqinisekisa isiseko somgangatho wobunjani.
  • Ingxelo yePublic yeziphumo zonyango lwempilo – ugcino-lwazi olucacileyo olungomlinganiselo wokwasulelwa, iingxaki zotyando, kunye neziphumo zesigulana zivumela iintsapho ukuba zenze ukhetho lolwazi. Umzekelo, isebe lezonyango lesiXeko saseNew York likhupha ingxelo yesibhedlele yonyaka.

Iintsapho zinokusebenzisa ezi ngxelo zikawonke - wonke ukuthelekisa izibhedlele okanye iikliniki zasekuhlaleni zize zikhuthaze imilinganiselo ephakamileyo xa imiphumo ingaphumeleli.

Izakhono neNtlalo

Ukungalingani kwempilo yinto ebalulekileyo emele iqwalaselwe ngurhulumente wasekuhlaleni. Imithetho ekhuthaza ukulingana kwempilo ingakhokelela kwiziphumo ezingcono zempilo kuzo zonke iintsapho, kungakhathaliseki ukuba zinjani na intlalo-ntle yazo. Izinto ezithintela impilo-ntle (njengezindlu, imfundo, nengeniso) ziphenjelelwe kakhulu zisigqibo sikarhulumente wasekuhlaleni, kwaye ezi zinto zidla ngokungaphezulu lee kunezonyango ekuboneni ukuba zinjani impilo.

Imimandla engundoqo iquka:

  • Idilesi yengingqi yenkcubeko yempilo – iinkqubo zoluntu kwizindlu ezinokufikeleleka, intlawulo encinane, kunye nemfundo kawonke-wonke zineziphumo ezingqalileyo zempilo. Umzekelo, isixeko esifaka imali kwipaki ezikhuselekileyo sinyusa amathuba okusebenza ngokwasemzimbeni.
  • Iinkqubo zokunciphisa ukwahluka kwempilo – oomasipala abaninzi basebenzisa iinkqubo zoonomasipala kuluntu olunombala, abafumana imali ephantsi, okanye abaphambukeli. Ezi zingaquka uvavanyo lomhlaza wamahhala, uncedo lokuzolisa, okanye iinkonzo zokutolika ulwimi.
  • [ ukujoliswe kwabemi ekucwangcisweni kwempilo – Ibhodi yoluvo namabhunga oluntu empilo anika abemi isandi ekuchazeni imicimbi yempilo yasekuhlaleni kunye nemali egunyazisayo.

Izakhono Zokukhuthaza Impilo

Amaqhinga asebenzayo okukhuthaza ukulingana kwempilo kumgangatho wasekuhlaleni aquka:

  • Ukungenelela kwizindlu nemfundo efikelelekayo – izindlu eziqinileyo zinciphisa uxinezeleko nokuchanabeka kwiingozi zemekobume, ngoxa imfundo entle ikhokelela kubuchule bokufunda ukunyanga namathuba ezoqoqosho.
  • Ukufumana ukutya okunesondlo – oorhulumente basekuhlaleni bangaxhasa iimarike zabalimi, izitiya zoluntu, kunye neenkqubo ezinika imveliso entsha kwingingqi ezifumana imali ephantsi (ngokufuthi zibizwa ngokuba yi-"intlalo-ntlelo-ntle).
  • [[UMTL:0] Ukuchaza ukufaneleka kwenkcubeko yokhathalelo olungokwenkcubeko – ukuxhasa iinkonzo zokutolika, abaqeshi benkcubeko, nokuqesha abasebenzi abahlukeneyo bezonyango banceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinkonzo ziyafumaneka kubo bonke abemi.

Iintsapho zingaxhasa ukulingana kwempilo ngokuba nenxaxheba kuhlolo lwempilo lwasekuhlaleni kunye nemibutho exhasayo enyanzela utshintsho lwenkqubo, olunjenge- i-Robert Wood Johnson Foundation’s Culture of Health Art for ".

I-inshorensi kunye nemithetho ebhatalayo

Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni baphembelela ukhetho lwezonyango lweentsapho ngeenkqubo ezinxulumene ne-inshorensi. Ngoxa i-inshorensi yobuqu ilawulwa kumgangatho wesizwe norhulumente, imikhosi yasekuhlaleni isoloko isebenzisa izicwangciso zayo zempilo yabasebenzi bakawonke-wonke kwaye iyakwazi ukumisela imithetho yokuhlawula iinkonzo ezithile ezifana nezempilo yengqondo, amazinyo, okanye inkathalo yamehlo. Ngaphezu koko, ii-arhente ezininzi zisebenzisa iinkqubo zokunyamekela abahlali abangenayo ngesisa okanye ngexabiso eliphantsi.

Imizekelo yeziphumo ze-inshorensi yasekuhlaleni:

  • Izicwangciso zomqeshwa ezempilo – Ingingqi okanye isixeko singagqiba ukunikela ngeplani ephezulu okanye ukhetho olupheleleyo, olungasebenza njengemodeli kumashishini amancinane asekuhlaleni.
  • Amacandelo ezempilo atyibilikayo atyibilikayo omrhumo – iziko lempilo elifanelekileyo elisisiQutha-phambili, elisoloko lixhaswa yi-R34, ngokwemali yerhafu yasekuhlaleni, exhomekeke kwingeniso, eyenza ukunyamekela kufikeleleke ngakumbi.
  • Imiyalelo yendawo ekufuphi ukuze kukhutshelwe – Ezinye izixeko ziye zadlulisela imithetho efuna abaqeshi abakhulu ukuba banikezele iinzuzo zempilo okanye ukuhlawula kwingxowa-mali yesixeko esidutyulwayo, njengokuba ibonwa kwinkqubo ye-San Francisco "Ubomi be-San Francisco".

Iintsapho zifanele zijonge ukuba ingingqi yazo inika izicwangciso zempilo kubemi abangenayo okanye ukuba ngaba kukho inkxaso-mali yengingqi yokuthenga intengiso.

Ukuzikhusela Nempilo Kawonke-wonke

Inkathalo yokuthintela yenye indawo apho iinkqubo zikarhulumente wasekuhlaleni zinempembelelo engqalileyo nenokuchaphazeleka kwimpilo yentsapho. Amasebe ezempilo kawonke-wonke aqhuba iikliniki zokugoma, ukuxilonga, kunye nokuhlola izifo. Akwaphendula nako ukuqhambuka, okunokuthi kuchaphazela ukuya esikolweni kunye nenkqubo yentsapho.

Imigaqo-nkqubo yasekuhlaleni ibumba inkathalo yokukhusela ngeendlela ezininzi:

  • [[UMTL:0] Izifuno zokugoma – amasebe amaninzi ezonyango asekuhlaleni acwangcisa ucwangciso lokugoma izikolo zikawonke-wonke, nemigaqo-siseko yokukhulula eyahluka ngokwahlukeneyo ngokolawulo.
  • iinkqubo zokuthintela isifo seChronic [ – Izixeko zingaxhasa ukutshaya ikhosi yokukhupha inzala, iindawo zokulwa neswekile, okanye amanyathelo okuzilolonga kwiipaki.
  • [[[NTL:0] Imimiselo yempilo yejiyografi – imithetho yasekuhlaleni yomgangatho womoya, ukhuseleko lwamanzi, kunye nepeyinti ekhokelayo ichaphazela ukuchanabeka ngqo kweentsapho kwiingozi zempilo.

Iintsapho zingafumana iinkonzo zokukhusela ngamasebe empilo asekuhlaleni, amaninzi anika uvavanyo olukhululekileyo okanye oluphantsi. Imanyano yesizwe yephondo nezoKhuselo lweziko [[FLT: 1] inika oovimba ukufumana iinkqubo zasekuhlaleni.

Inkxaso Engokwasengqondweni Neyasekuhlaleni

Iinkonzo zempilo yengqondo zibunjwe kakhulu yimigaqo karhulumente wasekuhlaleni, ingakumbi emva kokuthotywa kwemiqathango kunye nokutshintshelwa kwinkathalo esekelwe ekuhlaleni. Amagunya ezonyango asekuhlaleni axhasa amanqam ashushu, amaziko okucebisa, kunye neenkqubo zonyango lokusebenzisa kakubi iziyobisi. Ezi nkonzo zisoloko zingumgca wokuqala wenkxaso kwiintsapho ezijongene noxinezeleko, udandatheko, okanye ukukhotyokiswa.

Iimpembelelo ezingundoqo zasekuhlaleni ziquka:

  • Ukuhlanganisa amaziko ezempilo yengqondo yoluntu – i-Counties zinika ingeniso yerhafu kunye nezibonelelo zikarhulumente zokuxhasa la masebe, anika unyango, ulawulo lwamayeza, kunye nolawulo lwemeko.
  • Iinkqubo zokuphendula ze-CLT – Ezinye izixeko zimisele iiyunithi zengxaki ezihambayo ezisebenza ziingcali zempilo yengqondo endaweni yamapolisa, zinciphisa ukubanjwa okungeyomfuneko kunye notyelelo lwamagumbi ongxamiseko.
  • Iinkqubo zempilo yengqondo ezisekelwe kwi- – izikolo zasekuhlaleni, zisebenzisana namasebe ezempilo, zinganika ucelo-celo kunye neenkqubo zokuzikhusela.

Iintsapho kufuneka zilumkele ulawulo lwegosa lengqondo lasekuhlaleni. Umzekelo, [[FLT: 0] i-Substance Abuse kunye noLawulo lweeNkonzo zezeMbewu [[FLT: 1] inika uvimba-fayili wabanikezeli basekuhlaleni.

ISebe lezeMpilo neleSikolo

Impilo yabantwana iyazikhathalela ngokukhethekileyo iinkqubo zikarhulumente wasekuhlaleni ngenxa yokuba abantwana bachitha ixesha labo elininzi kwizikolo nakwimimiselo yoluntu. Iibhodi zesikolo (ngokufuthi zinyulwe) zisenza izigqibo ngemfundo yomzimba, imilinganiselo yezondyebo yesikolo, kunye nokubakho kwabongikazi besikolo. Amasebe ezempilo asezikolweni asenokulungiselela izitofu zamazinyo, izihlo zokubona, kunye neemvavanyo zesikhokelo kwizikolo.

Umzekelo:

  • Iinkqubo zesidlo sasemini - imigaqo-nkqubo yasekuhlaleni ingagqitha imigaqo yorhulumente ukunikezela ngokhetho olusempilweni, kodwa izithintelo zoqingqo-mali maxa wambi zikhokelela kwimigaqo.
  • Imiyalelo yokufakwa kwemijelo [ – izikolo zibotshelelwe kwiingxelo zokugoma; amasebe ezempilo asekuhlaleni asoloko ephethe iikliniki zamahhala ukuqinisekisa ukuthobela.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Asthma kunye nolawulo olungekho mthethweni - Ezinye iindawo zifuna izikolo ukuba nezibhexi ze-stock kunye ne-epinephrine ephuma kwi-injini ezenzekelayo, enokuthi isindise ubomi.

Abazali banokubandakanyeka ngokubakho kwiintlanganiso zebhodi yesikolo okanye ngokuthelela unxulumano lwabazali nootitshala oluxhasa iinkqubo zempilo.

Ukulungiselelwa Kwamaxa athile Nokusabela

Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni ngabona baphendula kuqala kwiimeko zempilo kawonke-wonke .Kusukela kwiintlekele zemvelo ukuya kwiindyikitya ezimandundu. Iinjongo zabo zimisela indlela iintsapho ezifumana ngayo ukhathalelo longxamiseko, ukufumana ulwazi, nokufumana izinto ezifana nezokugonya okanye amayeza. Ngexesha lesifo se-COVID-19, izigqibo zasekuhlaleni ngokufihla imiyalelo, iindawo zokuvavanya, kunye nokuvalwa kwesikolo zinempembelelo engqalileyo kwimpilo yentsapho nakwimpilo yemihla ngemihla.

Iintsapho kufuneka zilumkele ungxamiseko lwazo lwengingqi. Amasebe amaninzi ezempilo akwingingqi ana Seady.gov iinkqubo eziququzelelwayo ezinika abakhokeli bocwangciso lwentsapho ukwenzela iintlekele.

Ubandakanyeko Nobuchule Boluntu

Ukuganana koluntu kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuba iinkqubo zikarhulumente zasekuhlaleni zibonisa iimfuno nokhetho lweentsapho. Imigudu yokusebenza ngobuchule inganceda ekubumbeni iinkqubo ezibeka phambili ukufikelela konyango nomgangatho. Ngokufuthi iintsapho zijongela phantsi amandla elizwi lazo lasekuhlaleni, "umzali omnye oxhalabeleyo othetha kwintlanganiso yebhunga lesixeko angabangela utshintsho.

Iindlela zokubandakanyeka:

  • Izezemfundo kwiibhodi zonyango zasekuhlaleni – Ubalo oluninzi lwentlanganiso zempilo ezivulelwe uwonke wonke. Ezi bhodi zimisela inkqubo kwimiba efana nohlolo lwekhefi, ukubika kwezifo, kunye nemfundo yempilo.
  • Ukuxhasa inkqubo yendlu yobuhlobo – umzekelo, ukunyanzela imithetho yekhefu elihlawulwayo eligulayo kuqinisekisa ukuba iintsapho azifuni kukhetha phakathi kwehecker yomvuzo kunye nokunyamekela umntwana ogulayo.
  • Ukunxibelelana nemibutho yasekuhlaleni ukwenzela amanyathelo empilo – ii-ongezo-ngeniso, amaqela asekelwe kukholo, kunye neembutho zabazali ezisoloko zisebenzisana namasebe karhulumente ukunikela iinkonzo. Ukuzithandela kunganika uluvo ngendlela ezisetyenziswa ngayo imigaqo-nkqubo.

Iintsapho zingasebenzisa izixhobo zekhompyutha ezifana ne- ulawulo oluvulekileyo , ukulandelela umthetho wasekuhlaleni nokufumana ulwazi lokuqhagamshelana ngabenzi besigqibo.

Isiphelo

Unxulumano phakathi kwemigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente yasekuhlaleni kunye nokhetho lwezempilo lwentsapho yakho lunzulu. Ngokuqonda olu lwalamano, iintsapho zinokusebenzisa kakuhle iindlela zazo zokunyamekela impilo yazo zize zikhuthaze iinkqubo ezikhuthaza impilo nentlalo-ntle. Izigqibo zommandla malunga nemali, ulawulo, izalathiso, kunye neenkqubo zoluntu zidala inkqubo apho iintsapho zenza izigqibo zempilo yemihla ngemihla. Nokuba zikhetha isibhedlele, ukufikelela kwinkathalo yempilo, okanye ziqinisekisa ukuba abantwana bafumane izihlolo ezikhuselweyo, ezi zibunjwa zizinto zezenzo zoomphathi bephondo, amalungu esixeko, iibhodi zesikolo, namagosa ezempilo kawonke-wonke-wonke. Ukuhlala zinolwazi nezibophelele ziyindlela engcono yokuqinisekisa ukuba urhulumente wabo ukhuseleko lwabo lwempilo, kodwa nomgangatho wobomi babo bonke.