Amaxabiso entengo aphenjelelwa zizinto ezininzi, ezininzi zazo ezisenokungabonwa ngokukhawuleza ngabathengi. Inkalo ephawulekayo esoloko ingaphawulwa yindima karhulumente wasekuhlaleni. Ukuqonda olu nxibelelwano kunceda abathengi benze izigqibo ezithe ngqo malunga nemikhwa yabo yokuthenga kunye nokuxhasa imithetho engcono. Ukusuka kwimithetho yokudibanisa imithetho egqiba apho ivenkile-mali ingavula khona kwirhafu yepropati echaphazela ivenkile i̱ umgca osezantsi, izigqibo ezenziwa ngamabhunga esixeko, iikhomishini yoomasipala, kunye neebhodi zocwangciso lwengingqi ziyakwazi ukubumba oko ukukuhlawula kwi-chekethi. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa iindlela ezisetyenziswa ngurhulumente wasekuhlaleni ekuyeni kwimisebenzi ye-okhemishopiki, inika ukuqonda okufanelekileyo kwabasebenzi abafuna ukuqonda nempembelelo kwezi zixhobo.

Indlela Urhulumente Wasekuhlaleni Awachaphazela Ngayo Amaxabiso Okutya

Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni banempembelelo engqalileyo kumaxabiso evenkileni ngemizila eyahlukeneyo. Ezi ziquka imimiselo, irhafu, kunye nokusingqongileyo okuqhelekileyo kwezoqoqosho abakwenzayo. Nazi iindawo ezingundoqo apho urhulumente wasekuhlaleni adlala indima kuzo, nganye ihlolwa ngobunzulu obusezantsi:

  • Imithetho: oorhulumente basekuhlaleni bamisela imimiselo enokuchaphazela indlela efunyenwe ngayo, egcinwe ngayo, nethengiswa ngayo.
  • [[UMTL:0] Intengiso:[ irhafu nerhafu yempahla ingaphembelela indleko yempahla yevenkile, enokugqithiselwa kubathengi.
  • Iincentives: Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni banganika izikhuthazo kwivenkile zevenkile yokutya ukuba zivuleke kwezinye iindawo, zichaphazela ukhuphiswano kunye nepringi.
  • [[Umthetho:0] Izibonelelo: kwisiseko sogcino-mali sasekuhlaleni kungaphucula ukunikezelwa kwetsheyina elikumgangatho ophezulu, elinokuhlisa amaxabiso.
  • Isenzo sokwamkelwa kwenkqubela-phambili entsha kunye nokuxutywa kweendawo zokuhlala nezorhwebo zingamisela okanye zikhuthaze ukhuphiswano lwevenkile yokutya.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ukhuseleko lokutya okunyanzelisayo: amasebe ezempilo asekuhlaleni enza uhlolo, nangona lubalulekile, yongeza iindleko zokuthobela ezinokugqithiswa phantsi.

Indima Yemithetho

Imithetho emiselwe ngurhulumente wasekuhlaleni ingawachaphazela ngokuphawulekayo amaxabiso evenkile. Le mithetho isenokuquka imigangatho emininzi esukela kwimpilo nakukhuseleko ukuya kwimithetho yokuhlahlela. Ukuqonda le mithetho kunceda abathengi baqonde ukuba kutheni amaxabiso ehluka-hluka kummandla ngamnye, maxa wambi nakummandla omnye wedolophu.

Imilinganiselo yempilo nokhuseleko

Impilo kunye nemigaqo yokhuseleko iqinisekisa ukuba ukutya okuthengiswa ezivenkileni kukhuselekile. Ngelixesha lemimiselo ibalulekile kwimpilo kawonke-wonke, isenokukhokelela ekunyuseni iindleko zokusebenza kwivenkile zevenkile. Ezi ndleko zisoloko ziboniswa kubathengi abahlawulelwayo. Umzekelo, iikhowudi zempilo zobulali zisenokufuna amaqondo athile akhethekileyo, ukuqeqesha abasebenzi abasebenzi abanokusebenza, ukuqinisekisa, kunye namanyathelo okulawula athe rhoqo. Kumanye amazwe, ubuninzi bohlolo lunganyuka, kwaye izalathiso sokungangeni kwintengo yokufumana intlukwano. Ezi zizinto zinqabileyo zinokudlula kwiminxeba yeminye iinqobo, zidala umsebenzi owenziwe ngeminyanzelo yokuthoba. Ngokutsho kwe .S.

Imithetho Egqwethayo

Imithetho yokulungisa indawo ephezulu elawula indawo ekuhlala kuyo izitore. Kwimimandla enemithetho engqongqo yokulungisa ivenkile, ukufumaneka kwevenkile ezithengisa ukutya kungakhokelela kukhuphiswano oluncinci namaxabiso aphezulu. Ngokwahlukileyo, iindawo ezinemithetho yokubeka izithuba ezithe ngcembe zinokubona iinguqu ezinkulu zezitore, ezikhokelela ekukhuphisaneni. Impembelelo ingakumbi kumsebenzi wezorhwebo apho umsebenzi wezorhwebo ulinganiselwe kumagumbi amancinci akufuphi. Amadlelo amakhulu anamaphepha anokuvala imigaqo ekwakhenisela ivenkile ezinkulu, enyanzelela ukuba abantu baqhubele phambili, nto leyo enyusa iindleko zezithuthi zezithuthi zemarikethi ezikhoyo. [[FLD:] Ukucwangcanisa [FLD] [FLD:1] ibhale amadolobha apho izitorethi zemarikethi ezikhoyo zokulungisa iimarike, iindleko ezithenjiweyo ezithene, ezithenjiweyo ezithenjiweyo, ezidityaniswe kwi-a imali e-activedromater. [ifrect: 0]

Imithetho yokusingqongileyo

Imimiselo yendawo engqongileyo, njengemfuno zokulawula amanzi oqhwithela kunye nemithetho yokulahla inkunkuma, ingadibanisa ixabiso lokwakha nokusebenza kwivenkile ethengisa ivenkile. Umzekelo, kungafuneka ivenkile ifake imigibe exabisa imali eninzi okanye izibonelelo zokuhlaziya. Ngoxa le migaqo isebenza kwiinjongo ezibalulekileyo zemeko-bume, ingakumbi kwiivenkile ezizimeleyo ezinemali encinane kunemixokelelwano emikhulu. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, oku kunganciphisa ukhuphiswano, intengo ephezulu.

Impembelelo Yerhafu

Ukuqonda iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zerhafu kunokunceda abantu baqonde indlela abahlawula ngayo imali ebhalisweyo.

Irhafu

Irhafu iqhelekile kuba oorhulumente basekuhlaleni bengenisa ingeniso. Kwezinye iindawo, iintengiso zingakhululwa kwirhafu yentengiso, ngoxa kwezinye iindawo, irhafu ingasetyenziswa. Oku kungakhokelela kumahluko omkhulu kumaxabiso entengiso phakathi kwemimandla. Umzekelo, e-Alabama, irhafu karhulumente kwirhafu yerhafu ethengiswayo kwintengo yi-4%, kodwa imithetho emininzi yoluntu yongeza irhafu yayo, inyanzelisa irhafu edityanisiweyo kwi-10% okanye ngaphezulu kwamanye amadolobha. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, njengo-Oregon akakho irhafu yentengiso yelizwe, nangona irhafu yasekuhlaleni isebenza. kwimibate nakuMbatho woMthethweno woMsebenzi weCali yeveki nePlitiki iphawula ukuba irhafu yerhafu, ingeniso ephantsi kwemivuzo yemali ehlawulwa yimali ephantsi yasekuhlaleni.

Irhafu Yempahla

Iirhafu zepropati zinokuchaphazela namaxabiso evenkileni. Iirhafu zeprojekthi eziphezulu zingakhokelela kwiivenkile ezithengisa izinto ukuze zifumane ingeniso. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iindawo ezinerhafu ephantsi yempahla zingabona amaxabiso evenkile ephantsi njengoko izitore zinomthwalo ongaphantsi. Irhafu yempahla iyahluka kakhulu ngokoomasipala, kwaye ezinye izixeko zinikela iimali zokuxhasa ulwakhiwo olutsha lwevenkile yevenkile. I-Tex Foundation ibonise ukuba umahluko we-0,5% kwixabiso lemali yempahla esebenzayo ungasusa ivenkile e-# 817; iindleko zemali zaminyaka lemali ethengiswayo ngonyaka ngezigidi ze-R3, ezidla ngokuguqulelwa kwexabiso elitsha lolwando-mali. Ngaphezu koko, xa ivenkile ithengiselwa kwixabiso eliphezulu kunexabiso elifanele ukugcinwa kwentengo yovavanyo, i-mali e-omnini-mali egqithiswayileyo okanye intengo egqithisa imali eninzi.

Ilayisenisi Yeshishini Nemvume

Kwakhona oorhulumente basekuhlaleni bahlawula iindleko zonyaka zelayisensi yeshishini kunye neendleko zexesha elinye ezivumelayo zokwakha, iimvume zokutyikitya, kunye nokuthengisa ngotywala. Le mali ingaba kumawaka eerandi ngonyaka. Kwivenkile ezincinci ezizimeleyo, ezi ndleko zimela ingeniso enkulu kuneemali yetyala lesizwe, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima kakhulu kwiivenkile ezincinane ukukhuphisana ngexabiso. Xa oorhulumente basekuhlaleni benyusa iindleko ezinjalo, iziphumo zidla ngokwanda okufanelekileyo kodwa okunokufikeleleka kwiindleko zokutya kubathengi abakulo gunya.

Izihlomelo zogcino lwentambo

Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni basenokukhuthaza iivenkile zokutya ukuba zibakhuthaze ukuba bavule iingingqi ezithile, ingakumbi ezintlango zokutya. Ezi zinto zingaba luhlobo-lulo, njengokurhoxa kwerhafu, imali-mali, okanye ukubolekisa okungakhathalelwanga kakhulu.

Iingenelo Zokukhuthaza

I-Incentives zingakhokelela kukhuphiswano olukhulayo kwiindawo ezazingenayo i-Food Desert Initive[FLT:] olu khuphiswano lungaqhuba amaxabiso erhafu, lunceda abathengi. Ngaphezu koko, ukuba neevenkile ezininzi zokutya kwindawo apho kunokuphucula unikezelo kwimveliso entsha nezinye izinto ezinempilo. Umzekelo, iPhiladelphia Food Destritifia [[FLLT]]] Intengiso edityaniswe yi-afrectives [[1] isebenzisa intlanganisela yerhafuthe-nteko kunye nemali ethe ngqo enika ukutsala iivenkile ezikhoyo ezikhoyo ezikhoyo, nto leyo ebangela ukuhla kwexabiso eliphakathi lamaxabiso afana nobisi nesonka. Xa izikhuseli zibotshelelwe kwintengo ezithelekayo, iinzuzo zokuzibondayo zide zithe ngqo. Noko ke, abagxeki ababhisi benokwenza iindleko, apho bafumana iindleko, abathenga nabo bavune neerhafu.

Izinto Ezinokuchaphazeleka

Asizizo zonke iinkqubo ezinika izikhuthazo ezisebenzayo. Abanye oorhulumente basekuhlaleni banikela inkxaso-mali esuka nje evenkileni iye kwenye ngaphandle kokwandisa ukhuphiswano. Abanye bangatsala itsheyina elikhulu elisebenzisa amandla alo okuthengisa ukuphatha amaxabiso aphezulu kwiindawo ezifumana imali ephantsi. Kubalulekile ukuba abathengi bajonge ukuba ushishino olukhuthaza ukuvela kwemiqathango luquka iimfuno zokukhanyisa, njengokutyhila ekuhleni iimali ezithenjiweyo. Xa bezenza zilungile, amaxabiso aphantsi; xa bewasebenzisa kancinci, bayakwazi ukubeka ingeniso yenkampani encinane ngaphandle kokungenelwa kwebutho labantu.

Uqeqesho kunye neNkxaso yokuBonelela

Imeko yezibonelelo zasekuhlaleni ingachaphazela kakhulu amaxabiso evenkile. Iinkqubo zezithuthi ezisemgangathweni, iindawo zokugcina impahla, kunye neenkonzo zezentlalo-ntle zinokunciphisa iindleko zezitore, imali egciniweyo enokudluliselwa kubathengi.

Uthutho

Izibonelelo zezithuthi ezilungileyo zivumela ukuhanjiswa kwezinto ngokukhawuleza nezinempumelelo eninzi ezivenkileni. Ukuba oorhulumente basekuhlaleni batyala iimali ezisendleleni, ezibhulorho, kunye nezothutho lukawonke-wonke, kungakhokelela ekuhliseni iindleko zokuthutha ngevenkile, ekugqibeleni kuhlise amaxabiso abathengi. Intengiselwano yexabiso elikhulu: iTexas A&M iZiko lothutho lwezithutho liqikelela ukuba ukuminyana kwedolophu kudibanisa malunga nama-$800 000 ngonyaka kwixabiso lezinto zorhwebo, indawo edityalwayo kwintengiso yemarike. Imali edityani edityaniswe kwimiboniso yezithuthi, idityaniswe nezixhobo ezithengwa kakuhle izithuthi, izithuthi zezithuthi zemoto, kunye nezithuthi ezithengwa kakuhle zibone iindleko eziphantsi. Ngokuphikisanayo, izixeko ezinamandla ekwandisiweyo zezoshishini, iindleko zemali ezisetyenziswayo ezithenjiweyo.

Izakhiwo zemfazwe

Ukufikelela kwizixhobo zale mihla zogcino-mpahla kungachaphazela namaxabiso ezinto zokuthengisa. Ukuba oorhulumente basekuhlaleni baxhasa ukuphuhliswa kwamaziko anjalo ngokuvumela okanye ngokuthumela iprojekthi, izitore zevenkile zingagcina imveliso ngokunempumelelo, kuncitshiswe, namaxabiso asezantsi. Ukwehla kwevenkile yevenkile ethengisayo kwimicimbi yokusasaza. Xa isixeko sixhasa ukuhanjiswa kwezakhiwo zeshishini ngobuchule, iindleko zezithuthi eziziintengiso, indleko yentengiso ngendleko-mali. Umzekelo, ummandla wase-Inland Empire of Southern California, othuma i-opera i-And stablesssss inceda izitore ezinkulu zokutya, zineendleko ezincinane kwiivenkile ezikude ezithelekelelwa kumaphandle amaphandle asemaphandleni. Uphando lwezentengo ye-USCONS i-A eeconomicerciography ichaza imali enkulu yentengo yentengiso, ngoko yokuthengisa yasekuhlaleni.

Imali esetyenziswayo kunye nexabiso lamandla

Amaqondo ombane ombane kunye nemithetho yoncedo lwengingqi yasekuhlaleni ikwachaphazela amaxabiso evenkile. Iivenkile zokuthengisa ziphakathi kwezona zibonelelo zingenisa amandla agqithisileyo, ezinenkqubo ezinkulu zokufaka ifriji, izibane, kunye nokufudumeza kunye nokupholisa. Izixhobo zombane ezilawula isantya sorhwebo esiphezulu okanye ezinyanzelisa iindleko zentengiso zingadibanisa amashumi amawaka eerandi kwivenkile i’ iindleko zokusebenza. Ezinye iindawo zinika izikhuthazo ezinamandla, ezifana nezithi zinikezelo ze-LDED okanye iziko eziphezulu ezinokuhlisa iindleko kunye nokuzinzisa amaxabiso. Abaxhasi banokuphembelela ngokuxhasa imigaqo-nkqubo ekhuthaza ukhuphiso lwamandla okanye ukuxhasa ukhuthuzo lwamandla.

Ukusetyenziswa Komhlaba Nokufumana Ukutya

Ngapha koko kuhlala, imigaqo-nkqubo ebanzi idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulungiseni umhlaba wevenkile. Indlela uluntu oluyiceba ngayo inkqubela-phambili edityanisiweyo, ubunzima, kunye nokuhamba okuchaphazela apho abantu bathenga khona kunye nemali abayihlawulayo.

Iintlango Zokutya Nomgaqo - siseko Wasekuhlaleni

Intlango yokutya yindawo ekungenayo ukutya okunokufikeleleka nokunesondlo, ngokukodwa imveliso entsha. Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni bayakwazi ukuvelisa iinkomfa zokutya ezingekho mgangathweni okanye ukudambisa iingingqi zokutya ngokuceba izigqibo. Umzekelo, kufuna imilinganiselo emikhulu yokuphumelela kwentengiso isenokunyanzela izitore kwindawo ezinokufumaneka kancinci. Ngokwahlukileyo, iinkqubo ezivumela izitore ezincinane zenyawo ezinokufumaneka okanye abalimi ̱ iimarikethengi ezihlala kwiindawo zokuhlala zingaphucula ukufikelela. Uninzi lwamashishini luye lwamkela i “ unikezelo lokutya kwimimandla ye-Platood ̵ usukelo olucacileyo luquququze iinjongo zokunciphisa ukutya okuvelayo. Ngokunjalo, la malungiselelo aquka iintengo ezinika izitore-okhenk, nezikhuseli zemali zokuthengisa ukutya okutsha. [ngeyo-FUSDTS]

Imigangatho yokupakisha noyilo

Imigangatho yoyilo lwendawo, ingakumbi iimfuno zokumisa imoto, ingachaphazela ngokuphawulekayo ixabiso lokwakha nokusebenza kwivenkile yokutyala. Izixeko ezininzi zifuna inani elikhulu lezithuba zokupaka kumgangatho osisikwere wendawo ethengisayo, eyongeza umhlaba obalulekileyo kunye neendleko zokwakha. Ezi ndleko ekugqibeleni ziboniswa kumaxabiso. Iidolophu eziye zaguqula ubuncinane bokupaka imoto, njengeBuffalo, New York, ziye zabona ukwanda koovimba abancinane bevenkile evenkileni ethengisa ivenkile abanokusebenza kwindawo esezantsi, nto leyo ekhokelela ekungeneni kwimincili ephezulu ekhuphisanayo. Iindlela ezinokusetyenziswa kolunye ukhuphiswano ziquka ukuvumela ukumisa okanye ukunciphisa umlinganiselo wogcino olubonelela iinkonzo zokuhambisa iimpahla.

Ukwazisa nokuxhaphaza

Ukuqonda ukudibana kwamaxabiso karhulumente wasekuhlaleni nentengiso kunika abathengi amandla okuxhasa imigaqo engcono. Ngokuyazi indlela imithetho, irhafu, kunye nempembelelo yexabiso lesiseko, abathengi banokubandakanyeka ngokunempumelelo ngakumbi ngayo kurhulumente wasekuhlaleni.

Ukusebenzisana Norhulumente Wasekuhlaleni

Abathengi banokudibana norhulumente wasekuhlaleni ngokuya kwiintlanganiso zedolophu, ngokuqhagamshelana namagosa anyuliweyo, nangokuba nenxaxheba kwiingxoxo zoluntu. Ngokuvakalisa inkxalabo neengcebiso zabo, bangayiphembelela inkqubo echaphazela ukukhutshwa kwevenkile. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba abantu bacinga ukuba irhafu entsha yokuthengisa ukutya, abemi banokungqina ukuba iziphumo zokuphinda ziphinde ziphele. Ukuba utshintsho olucetyisiweyo lungavala ivenkile entsha yokutya, abemi bayakwazi ukuthetha ngokuxhasa utshintsho, bakhankanya imfuneko yokukhuphisana. Uninzi urhulumente basekuhlaleni lubeka izicwangciso zabo zentlanganiso kunye namagqabaza-ndlebe kawonke, nto leyo ekwenza kube lula ngakumbi kunokuba lula ukuba bangenelele. Kwaneeyure ezimbalwa ngonyaka lungenza umahluko, ngokukodwa xa belungelene nabanye abaxhasi

Ubuchule Bokutshintsha

Ukuxhasa utshintsho kungathatha uhlobo lweenkalo ezixhasa ukufumaneka nokufumaneka kokutya. Oku kunokuquka ukuxhasa abalimi abahlala apho i̱ iimarike, ukuxhasa izikhundla zogcino-mfutho, okanye ukunyanzela izibonelelo ezingcono zothutho. Ii-ammercator zinokuba nenxaxheba kwiibhunga zenkqubo yokutya [[[FLLT:0] [[FLLT:1]] ezicebisa oorhulumente bengingqi kwinkqubo yokutya. La mabhunga azisa kunye abaxhasi bemi bezothengi, intengiso, impilo kawonke, namaqela oluntu ukukhuthaza iinkqubo ezifana nokugcina irhafuthelo, iinkqubo ezisemgceni, okanye imijelo evumayo kubalimi-#217; iimarikente ezivumela ii-Centskopo zeLullation, kunye nee-Propolationsssss, kunye nee-oventineences profiless profilet profiletionsssssssssssss tracrients trans 37 ezithec

Ukhetho lobuzwe

Unyulo lwequmrhu lomphathi-mikhosi wesixeko, ibhunga lephondo, kwanamalungu ebhodi acwangcisayo anempembelelo engqalileyo kwiimeko ezimisela amaxabiso evenkile. Iiofisi ezilawula ukufumaneka kwezindlu, irhafu, kunye nenkcitho yemali esetyenziswayo zisoloko zingahoywa ekuxhaseni amaqela esizwe. Noko ke, ibhunga elinye lebhunga lesixeko lingawuguqula umyinge wentengo yempahla okanye livumele ukuphuhliswa kweprojekthi. Abaxhasi kufuneka bafune ukuba abazakhono ’ izikhundla ekufumaneni ukutya, ukuphuhliswa kwezoqoqosho, kunye nemigaqo yerhafuthelo. Imibuzo elula efana: Ü uzakuxhasa iinguqu ezivumela ukuba uthengiselwano lwemali kwingingqini yorhwebo? i&8221; okanye i-#820; uvota ukuvota ekuhlawuleni irhafu yerhafu yerha?

Isiphelo

Unxulumano phakathi korhulumente wasekuhlaleni nentengiso yevenkile lunzima kodwa lubalulekile kubathengi ukuba baqonde. Ngokuqonda izinto ezahlukeneyo eziboniswa ekudlaleni, abantu bangenza ukhetho olunolwazi baze baxhase iinkqubo ezikhokelela kwi-projekthi elungelelanisayo. Kwirhafu eyongezweyo kwingxelo yendlela ezizisa imveliso kwiisherufu, izigqibo zasekuhlaleni zilungisa oko kuhlawulelwa ukutya. Ukuqonda okungakumbi kunye nokuthengwa kokutya okufunekayo kunokubangela uxinzelelo oluphezulu kumaxabiso nokuphucula ukufumaneka kokutya. Ukuba kungenxa yokuya kwintlanganiso yebhodi yocwangciso, ukuxhasa umbhaptizi oqonda inkqubo yokutya, okanye ukufunda nje indlela yokuhlawula iimpahla zakho, inyathelo ngalinye lizisa abaxhasi kufutshane kumgangatho wokutya okungacolekiyo nokungalawulekiyo.