Unyulo oluphambili lusebenza njengesango apho amaqela ezobupolitika akhetha abathwali bawo abasezantsi kunyulo jikelele. Kubafundi benzululwazi yezopolitiko kunye nabemi abaququzelelayo ngokufanayo, beqonda indlela olu khuphiswano oluyimfuneko ngayo ekuqondeni ukuma kolawulo-melo olupheleleyo lwaseMelika. Ngokungafaniyo nokhetho ngokubanzi, olubonisa ukungqubana phakathi kwamaqela, iprojekthi yingxoxo yangaphakathi mayelana nengqiqo, ubuchule, kunye nomelo olubonisa imeko yesizwe. Ulwakhiwo, ixesha, nemithetho yezi zinto ezisebenza kulo nokhetho iyahluka ngokubanziswa kakhulu, kodwa impembelelo yabo ingqungquthela edibaniswe ngoNovemba kwaye imisela ukulawulwa kweenkqubo zeminyaka emininzi ezayo.

Eli nqaku lichaza ukuba luluphi unyulo oluphambili, iifomati ezahlukeneyo abazithathayo, indlela abaphembelela ngayo iqela, nesizathu sokuba bafanele bathembise umvoti. Likwathetha nokugxekwa okuqhelekileyo kunye nezicelo zotshintsho, linika abafundisi kunye nabafundi inkcazo ecacileyo.

Luluphi Ukhetho Oluphambili?

Unyulo oluphambili lunyulo lokuqala oluqhutywa liqela lezobupolitika ukukhetha umncomi walo wonyulo jikelele. Ngoxa uwonke-wonke usoloko ugxininisa kunxibelelwano lokugqibela phakathi kweDemocratic neRiphabliki, inkqubo ephambili yenziwa apho izigqibo ezininzi eziphambili. Unyulo oluphambili lugqiba ukuba ngoluphi na unyulo olufumana ungenelelo kwimiqathango yeqela, iintambo zokuchola, kunye nenkxaso yamaqumrhu.

Ityala lilawulwa ngumthetho wesizwe, othetha ukuba imithetho yahlukile ukusuka kurhulumente ukuya kurhulumente. Amanye amazwe abamba iinguqu kumhla omnye, ngelinye ixesha amanye awazinqumla iinyanga. Amanye amazwe afuna abavoti ukuba babhalise ngeqela, ngoxa amanye evumela nabani na obhalisiweyo ukuba abe nenxaxheba. Olu tshintsho ludala umsebenzi ontsonkothileyo omele uhambe kakuhle.

Imbali

Inkqubo yokuqala njengokuba siyazi namhlanje ivela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 njengenxenye yexesha leNkqubela-phambili yokutyhala ukunciphisa amandla abalawuli beqela. Phambi kooprijingi, abatsha bakhethwa kwiindibano ezivaliweyo zendlu apho iqela elincinane labangaphakathi babebambene kufutshane nolawulo olupheleleyo. Intshayelelo yemiboniso ecacileyo yanika amalungu eqela elithe ngqo neqela lefayile isandi kukhetho lwesigaba somtya wenjongo. Ngexesha elithile, inkqubo eyandisiweyo, nasemva kotshintsho lwasemva kweNgqungqungquthela yesizwe yeDemo-democratic, iPrimatile yaqalisa indlela ephambili yokungalawuli abaqhubi bomongameli. Namhlanje, kufuphi onke amazwe asebenzisa uhlobo oluthile lwe-ccus ukukhetha abathunywa besizwe.

Iintlobo Zokhetho Oluphambili

Uhlobo lokuqala olusetyenziswa kwimeko enikiweyo luneziphumo eziphambili zokuba ngabavoti baphumelele. Ezine ziqhelekileyo zilungiselela zivaliwe, zivulekile, zivalwe kancinci, kunye neziphezulu ezibini.

  • I-primprimp ezivalekile ivumela kuphela amalungu abhalisiweyo ukuba avote kwintloko yeqela lawo. Umzekelo, uDemocrat obhalisiweyo angavota kuphela kwi-democratic. Le nkqubo ithintela ukuphazamisana kweqela kwaye ikhuthaze ukunyaniseka kweqela. Abagxeki bayichasa ngaphandle kwevoti yenkululeko kunye nokususa abo bangakunqweneli ukuvota ngokusemthethweni kunye neqela.
  • uvula nabani na obhalisiweyo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ulungu lombutho, ukuba akhethe ukuba yeyiphi eyona iphambili yokuthatha inxaxheba kuyo. Umvoti obhaliswe njengeRiphabliki anganqumla kwaye avote kwiDemocratic, kwaye ngokuchaseneyo. Ukuvula amagumbi athelekisa inxaxheba kodwa angaxhaswe ekuvotelweni kweqhinga.
  • Semi-criprims isebenza njengenkqubo exubileyo. Amalungu eqela abhalisweyo angavota kuphela kwisiseko seqela lawo, kodwa angakhetha ukuba yeyiphi engundoqo yokungena. Le modeli igcina ingqibelelo yeqela ngeli lixa ukwandisa ukufikelela inani elikhulayo labavoti abangachaniyo naliphi na iqela elikhulu.
  • Ngaphezulu-magumbi amabini aphezulu, asetyenziswa kumaphondo anjengeKhalifoniya neWashington, abeka bonke abathathi-nxaxheba kuwo onke amaqela kwiqela elinye. Abangenisi bevoti angaphezulu, kungakhathaliseki ukuba badibene namaqela, baqhubekele phambili kunyulo jikelele. Le nkqubo ikhokelele kukhuphiswano lonyulo oluqhelekileyo phakathi kwabatsha ababini abatsha abathathi-nxaxheba kwaye ikhuthaza ubungcathu ngokunyanzela ukuba babhenele ngaphaya kwesiseko sabo. Uhlanga, phezulu-4 okanye ngaphezulu kwe-Pritarstings, lumkelwe eAlaskaska kwaye luphantsi kolwando lwamanye amazwe.

Indlela nganye ibumba izihlomelo zabavoti kunye nendlela abavoti abaziphatha ngayo. Ii-cripm ezivaliweyo zithanda ukuxhasa abathathi-nxaxheba abathe ngxi ngenxa yokuba abanyuli banokukhetha bancinane kwaye baqhutywa kakhulu lukunyaniseka kweqela. Ukuvula kunye nangaphezulu-kumaqela amabini aphezulu kungavelisa abathathi-nxaxheba abangakumbi abamele babhenele kumanyano olubanzi, kuquka abazimeleyo namalungu aphakathi eqela eliphikisayo.

Indima Yamatyala Kwimibhiyozo Yezobupolitika

Izaphuli-mthetho zenza imisebenzi emininzi kumaqela ezobupolitika. Zikhetha abaza kufumana inxaxheba, zivavanya imiyalezo, ziqokelele abaxhasi, yaye maxa wambi zibhenca ukwahlukana okunzulu ngaphakathi. Isiphumo sexesha eliphambili sinokwenza iqela lomelele okanye lidodobalise ukuya kunyulo jikelele.

Ukhetho

Injongo ecacileyo yesiqalo kukukhetha unyulo. Kodwa inkqubo yokukhetha ikwayinkqubo yokukhusela. Abathathi-nxaxheba banyanzeleka ukuba bakhusele iirekhodi zabo, bachaze iindawo zabo zenkqubo, kwaye bamelane nohlolo oluvela kubachasi, i-media, kunye novoti. Oku kubhenca ubuthathaka obunokusetyenziswa kakubi kunyulo jikelele. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ukhuphiswano lungavelisa umnyulo jikelele onamandla osele ephumile kwingcinezelo enkulu nonokuphucula umyalezo wabo.

Kwangaxeshanye, inkqubo yokuqala ingaba kukohlwaya. Iphulo elitshayelelayo lingaphelisa isiseko sokuqokelela inzala yomntu oza kungena entweni lishiye idemone. IRiphabliki yowesi-2016 ephambili, umzekelo, ibala elixineneyo kunye nohlaselo olubukhali oluthwalelwa kunyulo jikelele.

Umanyano Lweqela

Ityala linokudibanisa okanye laphuke iqela. Ilungu eliphambili elithe lancinwa linokunika ihlombe, liqhube ihlombe nengqalelo yamajelo eendaba. Kodwa lingadala namaqela aqhubeka emva kokususwa komtyunjwa agqitywe. Ukuba abaxhasi bomhlolo abavakalelwa kukuba le nkqubo ayilunganga okanye iimbono zabo zibekwe phantsi, bangahlala ekhaya ngoSuku lokhetho okanye ngevoti yelungu lesithathu lesigaba.

Iinkokeli zamaqela zisoloko zizama ukulawula ezi zenzo ngokudibanisa umngxuma emva kwesiphelo esiphambili. Izivumelwano ezivela kulutsha olukhe lwashukumisana, iziganeko zomanyano, kunye nezivumelwano zeqonga zizixhobo eziqhelekileyo zokwahlula-hlula. Impumelelo yale migudu ixhomekeke kubunzulu bomsantsa wengqiqo kunye nolwalamano lobuqu phakathi kwabathathi-nxaxheba.

Isicwangciso

Iziphumo eziphambili zinika amaqela ulwazi malunga nezinto eziza kuqala kumavoti. Imibandela evakalayo kwi-"health's, transmittery", inkqubo yezoqoqosho---"imiyalezo ephumelela kakhulu kunyulo jikelele. Inkamkelo zilungisa iqonga, izibhengezo, kunye nemisebenzi yasemhlabeni esekelwe koko bakufundayo ngexesha lexesha lokuqala.

Kwakhona amajelo asebenzisa amagumbi aphezulu ukuvavanya amandla entlangano. Umvotelwa onokuthi akhe umnatha wokuzithandela onamandla kunye nokuqokelela imali ephambili kungcono kunyulo jikelele. Ngokuchaseneyo, iphulo elizama ukuqhubana nequmrhu eliphambili lingatsala inkxaso encinane kwiikomiti zeqela lesizwe namaqela angaphandle.

Thabatha Ulwabelwano Neendibano Ezinamandla

Kwizibonelelo zomongameli, abavoti abakhethi ngqo; bakhetha abathunywa abavotayo kwindibano yesizwe seqela. Urhulumente ngamnye unika abathunywa amabhaso ngokwemithetho emiselwe liqela. UDemocrat usebenzisa inkqubo yokwabiwa ngokulinganayo, abathathi-nxaxheba abafumana iindwendwe ngokwesabelo sabo. AmaRiphabliki avumela amazwe ukuba akhethe phakathi komtyaba, umnqophiso, kunye neenkqubo ze-projekthi.

Ulwahlulo lwendlela yokufaka impembelelo kwiphulo. Kwiphondo eliphumeleleyo, umvo unokhuthazo lokugxininisa izibonelelo ekuphumeleleni lonke urhulumente. Ngaphantsi kwemithetho elungelelanisiweyo, kwanendawo yesibini eqinileyo enokuthi inikezele abathunywa, abakhuthazi bakhuthaze ukuba bahlale kugqatso ixesha elide. Izibalo ezinconyelweyo zibalulekile ekuqondeni isizathu sokuba abanye abathathi-nxaxheba baqhubeke bephila nasemva kokungaphumeleli kokhuphiswano oluninzi.

Iindibano, ezazisakuba yindawo yokulungisa igumbi lokubopha, ngoku zisebenza njengendawo yokubopha intlokoma eyabotshelelwa uninzi lwabathunywa ngexesha lentlalo-ntle. Kodwa ke, iindibano zisabalulekile ekumiseleni iqonga leqela, ekuqhashumbeni iinkokeli ezinyukayo, nasekudluliseleni intathelo yamajelo eendaba.

Impembelelo Yezenzo Zolwaphulo - mthetho Ekubandakanyeni Kwimali

Abavoti abaninzi banika abavoti ithuba lokuqala lokubumba indlela yeqela labo. Kubavoti abaninzi, eyona nto iphambili kukudibana kwabo ngqo nenkqubo yezobupolitika kumjikelo wonyulo onikiweyo. Umgangatho waloo mava uphembelela ukuba baqhubeke benenxaxheba kusini na.

Ingeniso

Unyulo oluphambili lusezantsi kakhulu kunokhetho oluqhelekileyo, kodwa lwahluka-hlukene kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kukhuphiswano logqatso nakuhlobo oluphambili. Ngo-202020, xa omabini amaqela aye akhuphisana nomongameli osunguli, afikelela malunga nama-34 ekhulwini abavoti abafanelekileyo, xa kuthelekiswa nama-666 ekhulwini kunyulo jikelele. Kwiminyaka yaphakathi, ukurhoxa kokuqala kusenokuhla ngaphantsi kwama-20 ekhulwini.

Iqela lamalungu aphezulu liqhuba ujiko oluphezulu. I 2020 yeDemocratic, evelise ibala elikhulu labatshatisi, yabona ulwandiso lwanda kumazwe amaninzi. Ugcino-lwazi olusuka kwiKhomishini yoNcedo [[FLT: 0]] yoNnyulo lubonisa ukuba ngolu gqatso oluvulekileyo ludla ngokuba nojikelezo oluphezulu kakhulu kunalolo luvaliweyo, nangona ulwalamano luntsokothile kwaye luphenjelelwe zezinye izinto ezifana nobhaliso nobhaliso lwangaphambili.

Ubuchule bokunika ingqwalaselo

Amadoda anyanzelisa abanyanzeli ukuba bathethe ngemibandela ebaluleke kwisiseko seqela. Oku kunganyusa ukuqondwa kwabantu ngemibandela enokufumana ingqalelo encinane kunyulo oluqhelekileyo olulawulwa sisibongozo se-centrist. Umzekelo, i-2020 Democratic ephambili yazisa iMedicas kubo bonke, iGreen New Device, kunye netyala labafundi elikhutshwe ukuvalwa komthetho wesizwe. Umthetho ophezulu wokusebenza kwabantu, ukhuseleko lorhwebo, kunye nenkcaso kwi-Transreacificant.

Ngokubhenca abavoti kuludwe lwezikhundla phakathi kweqela, amaprimenti akwakhuthaza ukwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi olungakumbi. Abaxhasi abathathi-nxaxheba kwiprimes basenokulandela iindaba zephulo, bangene iziganeko, baxubushe nezobupolitika nabanye. Uphando oluvela kwi Iziko lophando lubonisa ukuba abavoti-zincwadi abaphambili badla ngokuququzelelwa kakhulu kwezobupolitika kwaye banolwazi olungcono kunabavoti abathathele inxaxheba kuphela kunyulo ngokubanzi.

Ikhalenda Ephambili Nokubaluleka Kwayo Okubalulekileyo

Umyalelo othi ubambe amabala aphezulu alolonga itemperio yogqatso lotyumbo. Ukhuphiswano lwangaphambili eIowa, New Hampshire, Nevada, noMzantsi Carolina lufumana ingqwalasela yamajelo eendaba kwaye lunika impembelelo engenakulinganiswa. Abavoti abaqhuba kakuhle kula mazwe angaphambili bafumana isantya, intelekelelo yemijelo-mephu, kunye nokuthembeka. Abo baphantsi kwentsebenziswano basoloko bejongene nengcinezelo yokurhoxa.

Oku "kulayisha phambili" kwekhalenda kugxekwe ngokunika amazwe ambalwa amandla agqithisileyo. Iowa kunye ne New Hampshire, ezininzi zimhlophe kunye namaphandle, azibonisi intlukwano zabemi belizwe. Ekuphenduleni, iDidemocratic Partior ihlaziye ikhalenda yayo ka-2024, ishukuma iSouth Carolina kwindawo yokuqala kwaye yongeza iMichigan neGeorgia kwifestile yokuqala. Ezi nguqu zijolise ekwenzeni inkqubo ibe ngummeli weqela lezizwe ngezizwe.

Ikhalenda ikwachaphazela ubuchule bephulo. Amatyala kufuneka anike ixesha, abasebenzi, kunye nee-dola zokubhengeza kumazwe amaninzi ngaxeshanye. Ucwangciso olucinezelweyo lweProper Wesibini, xa kungaphezulu kweshumi elinesibini lamavoti avota ngosuku olunye, ivuza amaphulo anyuswe kakuhle ngolwazi lwesizwe kwaye yohlwaye abo baxhomekeke kwiintengiso zezopolitiko. Ukuqonda ikhalenda kubalulekile ekutolikeni iziphumo eziphambili nokuxela kwangaphambili ukuba ngabaphi abaza kufuna umendo olusebenzayo lokufumana unyulo.

Ucelomngeni Nokugxekwa Kwezinto Eziphambili

Phezu kwako nje ukuthenjiswa kwabo ngedemokhrasi, unyulo oluphambili lujamelene nocelomngeni olunzulu.

Ukufikeleleka Nokuthabatha Inxaxheba

Izithintelo zokuthabatha inxaxheba zibukhali kakhulu kwi-primrivery. Imithetho ye-ID ekhutshiweyo, iiyure zokuvota ezisikelwe umda, nemiqathango yokubhalisa ethintela ngokungenakulinganiswa ichaphazela abavoti abaselula, abavoti abafumana imali ephantsi, nabavoti bombala. Kumanqaku anophawu oluvaliweyo, abavoti abangelwanga, abavoti---avti-a abakhutshwanga `a' icandelo elikhulayo levoti--a likhutshwe ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle kokuba babhalisile neqela, abaninzi abangafuni ukukwenza.

Mail-in voting and early voting have expanded access in some states, but the patchwork of state laws creates inconsistency. The Brennan Center for Justice has documented significant disparities in primary accessibility across states, with some making it far easier to vote than others. These disparities can skew the composition of the primary electorate, giving greater influence to older, more affluent, and more partisan voters.

Ukuhlaziywa nokukhutshwa

Abavoti bokuqala batyekele ekungcoliseni iingcamango kunendlela yokukhetha jikelele. Kwisivalwa, iqula labavoti linciphile ngakumbi kwaye liqhutywa ngamandla ahlukeneyo. Ababhena ababhenela kulo siseko badla ngokuthatha iindawo ezithe tyaba, ezinokubaphazamisa kunyulo jikelele. Isiphumo, njengoko izazinzulu zezobupolitika ziphawule, singu "ukhetho" oluqhubela amaqela omabini kumacala eengcamango.

Ubungqina bolu celomngeni lubonakala kwi-cononational primerive. Uhlolisiso lwe- lweziko leVirginia lwePolitics lufumanise ukuba abalinganiyo banokujamelana nocelomngeni oluphezulu olusuka kumaphiko eengcamango eqela labo. Xa olo celomngeni luphumelela, unyulo ngokubanzi lungukhuphiswano phakathi kwabathathi-nxaxheba abagqithisileyo, olushiya abavoti abaphakathi bengenakhaya lendalo.

Imali Kukhetho Oluphambili

Amaphulo aphambili, ingakumbi eofisi karhulumente, abiza imali eninzi. Amarhamente kufuneka anyuse intsalela enkulu ukuze akhuphisane kumaphondo angaphambili nakuMbindi oMkhulu. Ukuthembela kwabo banikela ngezityebi nakumaqela angaphandle achitha imali kuphakamisa inkxalabo ngempembelelo kunye nomelo. I-PIN, enokukhulisa nokuchitha imali engenamda, ngokufuthi idlala indima egqibeleleyo kwimilo ephambili ngokuxhasa abathathi-nxaxheba okanye ngokuhlasela abachasi.

Ukungena kwemali kungathintela abo banokungena kwimibutho yezityebi. Oku kuxinga idityaniswe yabaxhumi kwaye kuqinisa inzuzo yokukhuthuza. Ngelixesha iimfuno zemali zesehlo zokutyhilwa zinika ucacelo oluthile, inkqubo iyonke iphakamisa imibuzo yokuba ngaba amabala abonisa ngokwenene ukuthanda kwamalungu eqela eliphantsi kunye nefayile okanye izikhethelo zabanikeli kunye namaqela anomdla.

Izindululo Zokutshintsha

Inkxalabo ngenkqubo ephambili iye yabangela uludwe lweezicelo zotshintsho. Abanye bagxininisa ekutshintsheni indlela yokuvota, ngoxa abanye bethetha ngekhalenda, ukufikelela kovoti, okanye imali yephulo.

Ukushiywa kwemali eshinyeneyo kunye neendawo ezi-ontartarian Printary

Uvoto olunechokoza elishinyeneyo (RCV) luvumela abavoti ukuba babeke abathathi-nxaxheba kwimiqathango yokukhetha. Ukuba akukho mvotelwa uphumeleleyo uninzi, abatshatisi abaphantsi bayasuswa, kwaye amavoti ayasasazwa de kuphume uninzi lwabaphumeleleyo. i-RCV isetyenziswa kunyulo lokuqala kwamanye amazwe, kuquka iMaine ne-Alaska. Abaxhasi baphikisayo baphikisa ngelithi iRCV inciphisa iphulo elingalunganga, abavuzi bolwakhi bemivhobe ebanzi, kwaye baqinisekisa ukuba umnqolobi unenkxaso enkulu.

I-nopartarian primillary, njengemodeli ephezulu enesibini eKhalifoniya naseWashington, imela enye indlela. Ezi nkqubo zijolise ekunciphiseni ukwenziwa kwemimandla engaphandle ngokunyanzelisa abanikezeli ukuba babhenele ngaphaya kwesiseko sabo. I-Alaska yamkele imodeli edityanisiweyo `a umphezulu-ne ongeyoparatistansi elandelwa ngunyulo jikelele ocetyikisiweyo `othe watsala ingqalelo njengesikhokelo sesikhokelo sezo ezinye izithethe.

Utshintsho lweKhalenda noSuku lweSizwe

Abahlalutyi bekhalenda yangoku eyintloko bacebise usuku olunye oluyintloko okanye ucwangciso lwengingqi olujikelezayo ukunciphisa impembelelo yamazwe angaphambili. Isizwe esiphambili singayinciphisa ibala lokudlala kodwa singenele abahlohli abaphezulu kwaye sinciphise ithuba lokuba abathathi-nxaxheba abancinci abaziwayo bakhe uqhubeko. Inkqubo yengingqi ejikelezayo apho imimandla eyahlukeneyo ithatha amajiko kuqala, izakusasaza impembelelo engakumbi ngexa ilondoloza imo yohlobo olubalulekileyo logqatso.

Amaqela amakhulu abonise ukuvuma ukulungisa ikhalenda, njengoko kuboniswa lutshintsho lweDermocratic Party 2024. Olunye utshintsho luza kufuna ukulungelelaniswa phakathi kwezindlu zowiso-mthetho zesizwe, iikomiti zamaqela esizwe, kunye neNgqungquthela-ntle/a kunzima kodwa hayi umsebenzi onzima.

Inika Imvume Yogcino-lwazi

Utshintsho olujoliswe ekunyuseni unyuso oluphambili luquka ukubhalisa okuzenzekelayo, ukubhalisa okuzenzekelayo, kunye nolwandiswa kovoti. Abanye abaxhasi baphikisa ngokususa zonke iiprojekthi kwimodeli ezivulekileyo okanye ezivaliweyo ukuze baquke nabavoti abazimeleyo. Abanye bacebisa ukwenza usuku lonyulo lokuqala lube yiholide okanye bayishenxise kwimpelaveki ukuze ihlalise abavoti abasebenzayo.

Imigudu yokuphucula ukufikelela kufuneka ilwe neengxabano ezichaseneyo ngolawulo lonyulo. Sekunjalo, injongo ebanzi yokwandisa inxaxheba kwiindlu eziphezulu ixhaswe kwiimeko zezobupolitika, yaye amazwe aliqela aye avelisa utshintsho kwiminyaka yakutshanje.

Isiphelo

Unyulo lokuqala lungaphezulu kunenyathelo lokuqala kwinkqubo yokukhetha. Ziziinqanaba apho amaqela azichaza khona, abatshatisi bazingqina bemathe thamsanqa, kwaye abavoti baqhelisela ezinye zezigqibo zabo eziphambili. Imithetho elawula amaprimenti--oluphi uhlobo olusetyenziswayo, olunokuvota, xa ukhuphiswano lubanjwa, indlela abathunywa abanikwa ngayo iziphumo ezithe ngqo kumgangatho womelo nemigaqo kawonke-wonke.

Ukuqonda le mithetho kubalulekile kuye nabani na ofuna umzobo opheleleyo wedemokhrasi yaseMerika. Abafundisi abafundisa ngezindlu zangasese baxhobisa abafundi babo ngezixhobo zokuhlalutya iziphumo zonyulo, uvavanyo lwezaphulo, kunye nokuxhasa utshintsho olubangela inkqubo ibe yeyonke kwaye ibe ngummeli. Njengoko inkqubo yezopolitiko iqhubeka iguquka, eyona iphambili ihlala ingumsebenzi obalulekileyo ofanele ukuqwalaselwa ngokusondeleyo ngabaphengululi, abaguquleli, nabavoti ngokufanayo.