Ukuqonda Amalungelo Akho Angokomthetho Enkantolo KaHulumeni

Ukunquma isimiso senkantolo yezwe kungazizwa ukhungathekile, kodwa ukwazi amalungelo akho ayisisekelo angokomthetho kukunika ithemba lokuhlanganyela ngokuphumelelayo ecaleni lakho. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungummangalelwa, ummangalelwa, umceli, noma uphendula, izinkantolo zikahulumeni zilandela imithetho emisiwe eklanyelwe ukuvikela izithakazelo zakho nokuqinisekisa ukuthi alungile. Lolulimi olucacile luchaza amalungelo ayisisekelo onawo futhi luwasebenzisa kulo lonke icala lakho, kusukela ohlwini lokuqala lwesicelo.

Isakhiwo Senkantolo KaHulumeni

Izinkantolo zikahulumeni zisingatha izimpikiswano eziningi ezingokomthetho e-United States, kuhlanganise nomthetho womkhaya, izivumelwano, ukulimala komuntu siqu, indawo ehlala kuyo, izindaba zobugebengu, nezinye eziningi. Umbuso ngamunye unemithetho yawo yenqubo yomphakathi neyobugebengu, kodwa wonke ahlanganyela iziqinisekiso ezivumelanayo zomthetho-sisekelo. UMthetho-sisekelo ufuna ukuba izinkantolo zikahulumeni zinikeze inqubo efanele futhi zivikeleke ngokulinganayo ngaphansi komthetho. Lokhu kusho ukuthi unelungelo lokuqaphela, ithuba elibalulekile lokulalelwa, kanye nokunikezwa ubandlululo.

Ukuze kucaciswe ukuthi izimiso zenkantolo zikahulumeni zihlelwe kanjani, iHhovisi loBuphathi leNkantolo yase-U.S. lichaza umehluko phakathi kwemithetho kahulumeni ne-ount, kuyilapho i-American Bar's Public Education ikhasi inikeza imithombo ekusiza ukuba uqonde izinqubo zezwe.

Amalungelo Ayisisekelo Enkantolo KaHulumeni

Wonke umuntu ovela enkantolo yesifundazwe unelungelo lokunikezwa amalungelo athile. Lamalungelo awabobobobobobobobobobobobo; umahluleli nabanye abantu kumelwe bawahloniphe. Okubaluleke kakhulu kuhlanganisa:

  • Ilungelo lokuzwiwa:[ Unethuba lokuveza uhlangothi lwakho lwendaba. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukwenza izinkulumo zokuvula, ukuveza ubufakazi, ukufakaza, nokukhipha izimpikiswano zokuphetha. Uma ungummangalelwa, ungaphendula ekumangaleleni kwakho.
  • Ilungelo lokunikeza Ubufakazi: Ungabiza ofakazi, udlulise amabhukwana, izithombe, noma ezinye izinto ezisekela icala lakho. Izinkantolo azinakubufihla ngokuphandle ubufakazi bakho ngaphandle kokuba zeqe imithetho ethile (ngokwesibonelo, inzwa noma i-athonsi).
  • Ilungelo lokuya e-Fair Trial:[ Lokhu kusho umahluleli ongakhethi noma abahluleli, ithuba lokubhekana nofakazi bakho, nelungelo lesinqumo esisekelwe kuphela emaqinisweni nasemthetho onikezwayo. ubandlululo noma ubandlululo luyizizathu zokungaqondi kahle noma ukudlulisa.
  • Ilungelo kuMenzi-Isinqumo Ongakhethi: Umahluleli kumelwe angathathi hlangothi. Uma ukholelwa ukuthi umahluleli unezingxabano zesithakazelo noma ubandlululo, ungafaka icebo lokubuyisana.

Lamalungelo asebenza ngokufanayo kubantu abaqasha abameli nalabo abazimelelayo.

Ilungelo Lokumelela Ngokomthetho

Unelungelo lokuqasha ummeli kunoma iliphi icala lenkantolo. Emacalani obugebengu, uma ungakwazi ukuthenga ummeli, inkantolo kumelwe ikukhethele omunye uma ubhekene nesikhathi sokuvalelwa. Ezicabeni zomphakathi, ngokuvamile alikho ilungelo kummeli okhululekile, kodwa ungafanelekela izinkonzo zosizo ezingokomthetho uma iholo lakho liphansi.

Abantu abaningi bakhetha ukuzimelela, okwaziwa ngokuthi ukuvela kwe-se. Nakuba lokhu kuyilungelo lakho, kunezingozi ezinkulu. Abahluleli balindele ama-seligiging ukulandela imithetho efanayo njengabameli. Kumelwe ufake imibhalo enembile ngesikhathi, ulandele inqubo yobufakazi, futhi uqonde izimpikiswano ezingokomthetho. Amaphutha avamile ahlanganisa imisebenzi elahlekile, ukuhluleka ukukhonza ngokufanele elinye iqembu, noma ukunikeza ubufakazi obungaqondakali.

Uma unquma ukuqhubeka ngaphandle kommeli, qala ngokuvakashela ingosi yenkantolo yombuso. Izinkantolo eziningi manje zinikeza izikhungo zosizo, amafomu, neziqondiso. Inhlangano yamaNkonzo e-Legeral [ ihlanganisa abantu abafikayo abaphansi ngosizo olungokomthetho olukhululekile noma oluphansi. Kulabo abakwazi ukunikeza usizo olulinganiselwe, abanye abameli banikela “izinkonzo ezingasebenzi” mayelana nemisebenzi ethile efana nokubukeza kwezincwadi noma ukubonakala kwenkantolo.

Lapho Kufanele Uhlole I - athoriney

  • Izigxobo ziphakeme: ukuwinwa kwezingane, izizumbulu zemali, noma inkululeko yakho isengozini.
  • Izindaba zomthetho ziyinkimbinkimbi:[ Icala lakho lihilela imithetho engavamile, amaqembu amaningi, noma ubufakazi bezobuchwepheshe (umz., amarekhodi ezokwelapha, intengo yebhizinisi).
  • Ubhekene nommeli ngakolunye uhlangothi: Iseluleko esiqambayo sizokwazi izicupho ze-procedrom nempikiswano engokomthetho ongase ungayilindele.
  • Uke wazama futhi wahluleka: Uma uthola ukunyakaza ukuze ukhishwe noma ufingcwe isahlulelo, kungaba isikhathi sokuqasha ummeli.

Amalungelo Okuthola Imvelo: Ibalazwe Lakho Ngecala

Amalungelo ezindaba alawula indlela inqubo yenkantolo esebenza ngayo. Lamalungelo aqinisekisa ukuthi izenzo zenkantolo azikumangalisi nokuthi unethuba lokusabela.

Ukuphawula Izinsuku Zezinkantolo

Unelungelo lokwamukela isaziso esifanele sazo zonke izimemezelo, izinsuku zokuqulwa kwecala, nezinsuku ezimisiwe. Qaphela kumelwe kunikezwe ngendlela elinganiselwayo ukukwazisa ngesenzo. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kusho ukudluliselwa komuntu siqu kwezicelo nokukhononda, noma inkonzo ngeposi eqinisekisiwe. Uma uhamba phakathi necala, kumelwe uhlaziye ikheli lakho nenkantolo. Ukwehluleka ukuveza ngoba awutholanga isaziso kungaphumela ekwahlulelweni okungaphelele ngawe.

Ilungelo Lokusabela

Ezindabeni zomphakathi, unezinsuku ezithile (ngokuvamile ezingu-20 kuya ku-30) zokubhala impendulo ebhaliwe esikhalo. Uma ungaphenduli, umkhangisi angacela inkantolo ukuba ithathe isahlulelo esinephutha. Ezimweni zobugebengu, unelungelo lokumangalela ungabi nacala futhi uphikise amacala ngaphambi kokuqulwa kwecala. Ilungelo lokuphendula lihlanganisa futhi ikhono lokuthatha uhambo lokubhala, njengokunyakazisa noma ukunyakazisa ukwahlulela okufushanisiwe.

Amalungelo Okutholwa

Ukuvubukula kuyinqubo yokunikezana ukwaziswa ngaphambi kokuqulwa kwecala. Unelungelo lokucela izincwadi, izimpendulo zemibuzo (izigebengu), kanye nokufaka okuthile ngapha nangapha. Unelungelo lokuphikisa izicelo zokuthola ezibanzi, ezisindayo, noma ezifuna ulwazi olungadingekile. Ukuqonda imithetho yokuthola kubucayi ngoba lokho okwaziyo ukukwenza noma ukuphula icala lakho.

Ilungelo Lokukhanga

Uma inkantolo yenza iphutha elingokomthetho, unelungelo lokudlulisa isahlulelo sokugcina enkantolo ephakeme. Izikhalo azizona izaba eziphinde zaqulwa; uphikisa ngokuthi umahluleli wecala wasebenzisa kabi umthetho noma waphula amalungelo akho. Ama-flegi afake isaziso sokudlulisa isikhalo mafushane kakhulu (uma kunjalo izinsuku ezingu-30). Kumelwe ulondoloze impikiswano ngokuyiphakamisa lapho uqulwa icala; awunakuphakamisa izindaba ezintsha ngokudluliswa. Emacala obugebengu, ilungelo lokudlulisa icala liphelele, nakuba kungase kudingeke ukuba ucele imvume yamahhalali uma ungenacala.

Amalungelo Okuqulwa Kwamacala

Lapho icala lakho liqhubeka liqulwa, kuqulwa amalungelo engeziwe omthetho - sisekelo nawalokho okufunwa umthetho - sisekelo.

Ukuqulwa Kwecala Kwamajaji

Ezindabeni eziningi zemali ezihilela ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kakhulu (ngokuvamile amaR120 kuya kuR120 kuya ku-R120 kuye ngokwezwe), unelungelo lokucela icala labahluleli. Kumelwe ufune ukuba abahluleli babhale phakathi nesikhathi esimiswe imithetho yenkantolo), futhi kaningi uma ulahlekelwa isikhathi. Uma uphuthelwa isikhathi, ulahla ilungelo nejaji ngokunquma kokubili amaqiniso nomthetho. Abamangalelwa besigebengu banelungelo elingokomthetho lokuqulwa icala eliqinile. Kuzo zombili izigebengu zomthetho nezobugebengu, ungakhetha ukuthatha ijaji futhi uvumele umahluleli ukuba anqume (icala).

Ukubhekana Nokuqulwa Kwecala Okusheshayo

Ezimweni zobugebengu, iSichibiyelo seSithandathu siqinisekisa ukuqulwa kwecala okusheshayo. Izwe linemithetho emisa imingcele eqondile yesikhathi (isinye isigamu, icala kumelwe liqale phakathi nezinsuku ezingu - 180 zokuboshwa kwezinye izizwe). Uma uhulumeni ngokungenangqondo ubambezela icala lakho, ungashukumiseleka ukuba ulilahle. Ezicaleni zomphakathi, akukho lungelo lomthetho-sisekelo, kodwa imithetho yenkantolo ifuna ukuba icala lixazululwe ngokushesha phakathi nesikhathi esifanelekile, noma ingadidelwa ngenxa yokungamangalelwa.

Ilungelo Lokuhlala Uthule Futhi Uvikelekile Ekuzichayeni

Uma kuthethwa ngecala, unelungelo lokungazifakazeli. Isichibiyeli sesihlanu sikuvikela ekuphoqelelweni ukuba ube ufakazi omelene nawe. Uma ukhetha ukungafakazeli, umshushisi akanakukhuluma ngokuthula kwakho noma acele abahluleli ukuba baveze imibono ephambene. Ezindabeni zomphakathi, ilungelo lokumelana nokuziphindisela kwakho. Ungakwenqaba ukuphendula umbuzo wokuzifaka icala noma uveze incwadi uma bekungakuchaphazeli ngokwephula umthetho. Nokho, ezicabeni zombamthetho, abahluleli bangavunyelwa ukuba bakhiphe i-agcone ekuthuleni kwakho (njengasemacala obugebengu).

Qaphela ukuthi ilungelo lokuthula alisebenzi ezindabeni zangaphambi kwenkantolo ozenza ngokuzithandela. noma yini oyisho emaphoyiseni, emaphenyeni, noma ngisho nasemicimbini yangasese ingasetshenziswa ngokumelene nawe. inkantolo ifuna ukuba noma isiphi isimemezelo sokuvuma izono noma isimemezelo sokusola sibe sokuzithandela nokwazi.

Ukubhekana NoFakazi

Abamangalelwa besigebengu banelungelo lokubhekana nobufakazi obubonke obudluliselwe yicala. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ikhono lokubona ofakazi befakaza ngokoqobo, ukubekela ubufakazi bokukholeka kwabo inselele, nokuveza ubufakazi bokungathembeki kwabo, kanye nesisusa sokuqamba amanga. Ezimweni zomphakathi, amalungelo afanayo akhona ngaphansi kwemithetho yobufakazi nenqubo efanele. Ungaba ofakazi abamelene nomthetho ophikisayo futhi unikeze ubufakazi babo.

Amalungelo Ohlobo Lweqembu

Amalungelo akho akhethekile angase ahluke kuye ngokuthi nguwe ofaka icala noma yilowo ovikelayo kulo.

Amalungelo Ommangalelwa

  • [ Ilungelo lokubhala nokumangalela icala: Ukhetha ukuthi ungamangalela nini futhi kuphi (imithetho elawulayo neyakhiweyo).
  • Akwesokudla ukulawula icala:[ Unquma ukuthi ungalungisa, uxoshe, noma uqhubekele ecaleni (ngokuzithoba ekwamukelweni kwenkantolo kwezinye izimo njengezenzo zekilasi).
  • [[[UMTL:0] ukuyofuna inxeba noma ukukhululeka: Ungacela isinxephezelo semali, imiyalo, noma izahlulelo zokukhipha.
  • [ ukuphoqelela ukwahlulela: Uma uwina, ungasebenzisa amakhambi angemva kokwahlulela anjengeholo, intela yebhange, noma impahla.

Amalungelo Omlweli

  • ungafaka impendulo eqinisekisa ukuzivikela kanye nama-claim.
  • Akwesokudla ukubekela i-location noma indawo: Uma inkantolo ingenagunya kuwe, ungafaka ukunyakaza ukuze ukhishwe.
  • [ ungacela amashende, usungule, ulungise icala lakho ngaphandle kokusunduzwa ukuba ulwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
  • kwesokudla ukuba akhululeke ekuhlulekeni: I-paltiff ayikwazi ukuwina ngoba awuphendulanga(*) ngaphandle kwesaziso esifanele, isahlulelo esiyiphutha singabekwa eceleni.
  • [[UMTL:0] ungakhanga uma ulahlekelwa: Ungabekela ukwahlulela inselele.

Ukunakekelwa Okukhethekile Ezinhlotsheni Ezihlukahlukene Zenkantolo

Izinkantolo zikahulumeni zinezinqubo ezikhethekile. Amalungelo akho ngokuvamile ayasebenza, kodwa kunemibono ehlukahlukene.

Inkantolo Yomkhaya

Emacaleni okuwinwa kwezingane nesehlukaniso, ukugxila kuyinzuzo engcono kakhulu yengane. Unelungelo lokunikeza ubufakazi mayelana nekhono lobuzali, ukunikeza ubufakazi, nokubiza ofakazi abangochwepheshe. Nokho, inkantolo ingalinganisela amalungelo athile uma inquma ukuthi adingekile ekulondekeni kwengane. Ngokwesibonelo, inkantolo ingayala ukuhanjelwa. Unelungelo lokuzwakala ezindlebeni zonke, kodwa abahluleli bomkhaya ngokuvamile banemibono ebanzi.

Iziphakamiso Ezincane Enkantolo

Inkantolo eshoyo encane iklanyelwe amacala anezinga eliphansi lemali (ngokuvamile ngaphansi kukaR1 000). Abakhokhi ngokuvamile abavunyelwe noma bavinjelwe. Unelungelo lokuzimelela, utshele umahluleli, futhi ubize ofakazi. Ukulingwa akulindelekile, kodwa usenalo ilungelo lokunikeza ubufakazi futhi uphikisa icala lakho. Izikhangiso ezivela ekufuneni amaphutha angaphansi kuka-R350 000.

INkantolo Yesigebengu

Isivikelo somthetho-sisekelo sinamandla lapha. Ngaphezu kwamalungelo angenhla, unelungelo lokuthula kusukela ngesikhathi sokuboshwa, ilungelo lommeli ngisho nalapho uphenywa, ilungelo lokuzwa, nelungelo lokungabekwa engozini ephindwe kabili. Futhi unelungelo lokuqulwa icala obala futhi ube khona kuzo zonke izigaba ezibucayi.

Indlela Yokuvikela Amalungelo Akho

Ukuqonda amalungelo akho kuyisinyathelo sokuqala; kumelwe uthathe isinyathelo sokuwasebenzisa.

  • Ukufunda imithetho yenkantolo: Isifundazwe ngasinye sikhipha imithetho yaso yenqubo yomphakathi, imithetho yomkhaya, kanye nobufakazi obubhalwe kuyi-inthanethi. ISikhungo Sesizwe seNkantolo yeZwe [[ inikeza izixhumaniso kwiwebhusayithi yenkantolo yesifunda ngasinye.
  • Gcina amarekhodi ahleliwe:[ Gcina ifayela elinezincwadi zonke zenkantolo, iposi, kanye namanothi ocingo kanye namaphathi noma umabhalane.
  • [ Cela indawo yokuhlala: Uma unokuphazamiseka noma ungakwazi ulimi, unelungelo lokucela umhumushi, ubuchwepheshe obusizayo, noma ezinye izindawo ngaphansi kwamaMelika onomthetho wobukhubazeki nomthetho kahulumeni.
  • Obekungaphulwa ngokushesha: Uma olunye uhlangothi luzama ukunikeza ubufakazi sekwephuzile, cela umahluleli ukuba abukhiphe ngaphandle. Uma ukholelwa ukuthi ijarri iboshekile, hamba ukuze ushaye. Izimanga kumelwe zenziwe ngendlela efike ngesikhathi noma ususe ilungelo ekudluliseni.
  • iminyakazo yamafayela ukuze uqikelele amalungelo akho:[ Izibonelo zihlanganisa ukunyakazisa ukuphoqelela ukutholwa, ukunyakazisa uhlelo oluvikelayo, noma ukuhamba kwe-limine ukuze kukhiphe ubufakazi obungafanele.
  • Ungavumelani namalungelo okulahla ngaphandle kokuqonda imiphumela: Izivumelwano zokuhlala, iziyalezo zemvume, kanye nemithetho emisiwe kuvame ukulinganisela ilungelo lakho lokudlulisa icala noma ubufakazi obukhona. Funda ngokucophelela futhi ucabangele ukuthintana nommeli.

Amaphutha Avamile Aphazamisa Amalungelo Akho

  • [[UMTL:0] Ukuhlela isikhathi esimisiwe: Inkantolo inganqaba ukwamukela i-face yemuva ngaphandle kokuba ubonise imbangela enhle.
  • Kuyajabulisa ukusabela ngemizwa:[ Uma ezinye izingxenye zohele zinyakaza, udinga ukufaka ukuphikiswa okubhaliwe phakathi nosuku olumisiwe. Ngaphandle kwalokho, umahluleli angavumela ukunyakaza njengokungaphikiswanga.
  • Uziveza ngaphandle kokulungiselela: I-proligists ezivame ukulahlekelwa ngenxa yokuthi abayazi imithetho, hhayi ngoba ukuzisho kwabo akusebenzi.
  • Izicelo zokuthola ngokuphamba: Ukwehluleka ukusabela kungaholela ekutholeni izijeziso, kuhlanganise nokuxoshwa kwecala lakho noma ukuhlasela ukuzivikela kwakho.
  • Awugcini irekhodi: Uma ufuna ukuheha, qinisekisa ukuthi ukuphikiswa nobufakazi kuseqophelweni.

Isiphetho

Amalungelo akho angokomthetho emacaleni enkantolo enkantolo aklanyelwe ukukunika izwi nethuba elifanelekile. Ngokwelungelo lokuqaphela nokumelela, ngokuqulwa kwecala nangokunxusa, unamathuluzi anamandla okuzivikela. Isihluthulelo siwukufunda ngemithetho ethile esimweni sakho, ufeze noma isiphi isikhathi esimisiwe, futhi ucabangele ngokungathi sína ukuqasha ummeli uma icala lakho lihilela izigxobo eziphakeme noma ukuyinkimbinkimbi. Uma usebenzisa amalungelo akho ngenkuthalo, ukwandisa amathuba okuba nemiphumela elungile.

Ukuze uthole isiqondiso esengeziwe, hlola imithombo yosizo engosini yenkantolo yesifundazwe sakho noma thintana nenhlangano yebha yomphakathi wakini. Inhlangano yeMelika Bar-Law-Recred Education Network [ inikeza izinto ezikhokhelwe abantu abahamba ezinkantolo ngaphandle kommeli. Khumbula: ulwazi luyi-advocacy yakho engcono kakhulu.