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Ukuqonda amalungelo akho ekuvoteleni nasezindaweni zomphakathi kubalulekile ekuhlanganyeleni ngokugcwele embusweni wentando yeningi eMelika. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uphonsa ivoti yakho kukhetho noma usebenzisa inkululeko yakho yokukhuluma epaki lomphakathi, wazi ukuthi yiziphi isivikelo esikuvumela ukuba uqiniseke ekuphileni komphakathi. Lo mqondisi ogcwele uphula amalungelo akho abalulekile, izimiso zomthetho eziwavikelayo, kanye nezinyathelo ezisebenzayo ongawathatha ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lawomalungelo ayahlonishwa.

Isisekelo Sokusekela Amalungelo Okuphana EMelika

Ilungelo lokuvota limi njengelinye lamalungelo angcwele kakhulu emphakathini wentando yeningi. Ukuqamba kuyilungelo eliyisisekelo kunoma yiliphi idemokrasi, okwenza abantu bakwazi ukusebenzisa amandla abo phezu kwabaholi nezinqubo ezithinta ukuphila kwabo. E-United States, lelilungelo liye lavela ngokuphawulekayo emakhulwini amabili eminyaka, likhula lisuka ekukhetheni okulinganiselwe ukuhlanganisa zonke izakhamuzi ezifanelekayo kungakhathaliseki uhlanga, ubulili, noma isikhundla sezomnotho.

Isisekelo esingokomthetho samalungelo okuvota sisekelwe ekulungisweni kwemithetho eminingi yomthetho-sisekelo nasemithethweni kahulumeni. ISichibiyelweni seshumi elinesihlanu, esagunyazwa ngo-1870, senqabela ukuncishwa kwelungelo lokuvota ngokusekelwe ohlangeni. ISichibiyelo seshumi elinesishiyagalo se-1995, sagunyazwa ngo-1920, sandisa amalungelo okuvota kwabesifazane. ISichibiyelo seSiphendu samashumi Amahlanu nama-Sigqi, esagunyazwa ngo-1971, sehlisa iminyaka yokuvota yafinyelela ku-18, lesivikelo somthetho ngokomthetho siqiniswa nomthetho wezwe ohlanganisa nomthetho ka-1965, i-National Voter Reta Regive Regiate Regiate Act ka-1993, kanye ne-Act ka-Avetic America Vote ka-200.

Nokho, eUnited States, ukutholakala kwevoti kuye kwenqatshelwa ngokomlando noma kwalinganiselwa, ikakhulukazi emaqenjini angaphansi, okwaholela empini engokomthetho ende nenombango ngokuphathelene namalungelo okuvota. Ilungelo lokuvota nemithetho ebusayo kuye kwabekelwa inselele, kwalungiswa futhi kwachazwa kabusha phakathi neminyaka, futhi lokhu kuseyisihloko esibaluleke kakhulu ezweni.

Ubani Onekhono Lokukhuluma?

Izimfuneko zokukwazi ukuzenzela izinto ziyahlukahluka ngokwezwe, kodwa ukuze ubhalise ukuvota, kumelwe ube: Isakhamuzi saseU.S. esineminyaka okungenani engu - 18 ubudala nge - Evotion Day Meeting theory readers

Nakuba lezi zimfuneko eziyisisekelo zisebenza kulo lonke izwe, amazwe ngamanye angase abe nezincazelo ezengeziwe. Izifunda eziningi zifuna ukuba ube isakhamuzi sombuso nesifunda esithile noma isifunda lapho uhlela ukuvota. Kuzo zonke amazwe ngaphandle kweNyakatho Dakota, kudingeka ubhaliswe ukuze uvote ukuze uhlanganyele kukhetho. I-North Dakota ihlukile ngokungadingi neze ukuba ubhalise umvoti.

Izimfuneko Zobudala Nokubhalisa Ngaphambi Kokuba Ubhalise

Nakuba kufanele ube neminyaka engu-18 ubudala ukuze uvote okhethweni oluningi, amazwe amaningi avumela izakhamuzi ezisencane ukuba zibhalise. Ezinye izifundazwe zingavumela abantu abaneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-18 ukuba babhalise ukuvota, ngakho bangavota ngokushesha lapho befaneleka. Ezinye izifundazwe zivumela ngisho nabaneminyaka engu-17 ubudala ukuba bavote okhethweni oluyinhloko uma bezothatha iminyaka engu-18 ngesikhathi sokhetho oluvamile.

Izimfuneko Zokuba Izakhamuzi

I-U.S. imfuneko yomhlaba wonke yokuvota kukhetho lukahulumeni. E-U.S., akukho muntu okudingeka ngokomthetho ukuba avote kunoma yiliphi isifundazwe, noma kukhetho lukamongameli. Nokho, izakhamuzi kuphela ezingasebenzisa lelilungelo. Indaba yokuqinisekiswa kwesizwe iye yaba indaba ebaluleke kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva.

I-Devil American Voter Eligables Act (ebizwa futhi ngokuthi i-Prevention Act noma i-Plain Act) iyisimemezelo sikahulumeni esizoshintsha ngokuyisisekelo indlela amaMelika abhalisa ngayo ukuvota. Iye yadlula iNdlu yabameleli kaningi kusukela ngo-2024, kuhlanganise nomthetho osanda kuxoxwa kungoFebruary 2026, futhi idingida ubufakazi obugciniwe be-lo mvume ukuze ivotelwe, nakuba inhloso yayo ingukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-U.S. izakhamuzi zivota kukhetho lukahulumeni kuphela. Lokho sekuwumthetho kakade, futhi sekuphoqelelwe kakade.

Ukusakaza Amalungelo Ngemva Kokukhohliswa

Ukunikeza amalungelo abantu abanezinkolelo ezivuna ngokungefani kuyahluka kakhulu ngokwezwe. Amanye amazwe avele abuyisela amalungelo okuvota lapho kuqedwa isigwebo, kuyilapho amanye edinga amanye amanyathelo noma ukulahla amafensi athile. Uma unenkolelo eqinile, kubalulekile ukuhlola inqubo eqondile yokubuyisela yombuso wakho ukuze uqonde ukuthi uyakwazi yini ukufaneleka.

Indlela Yokubhalisa Izincwadi Zokuvota

Ukubhalisa kuyisango lokusebenzisa ilungelo lakho lokuvota. Izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zeNational Voter Bribaclibration Act ka 1993 (owaziwa futhi ngokuthi "NVRA" noma "umthetho wovoti") zimisa izimfuneko ezithile zokubhalisa uma kuziwa kukhetho lwesikhundla sikahulumeni. Lomthetho kahulumeni wamisa izindlela eziningi zezakhamuzi ukuba zibhalise.

Izindlela Zokubhalisa

Ungabhalisa ukuba uvote nge-person, ngeposi, futhi ezifundazweni eziningi kuyi-inthanethi. I-National Voter Regavity Act idinga amazwe ukuba anikeze amathuba amaningana okubhalisa afanelekile:

  • Ingxenye ye-Motor Vehicle Office: Ingxenye 5 ye-NVRA ifuna amazwe ukuba anikeze amathuba okuvota i-voti kwizinhlangano zemoto kahulumeni ngokufuna isicelo sephepha-mvume lomshayeli noma ikhadi lokuzichaza lokusebenza njengesicelo sokuvota ngaphandle kokuba umfaki wesicelo sokusayina isicelo sokubhalisa.
  • Ngeposi: Isiqephu 6 se-NVRA idinga amazwe ukunikeza amathuba okuvota nge-imeyili. Iklamu kumelwe ihlangabezane nezimiso ze-U.S. Consolation Commission.
  • I-Public A Office: Ingxenye 7 ye-NVRA ifuna amazwe anikeze amathuba okuvota ezwe elithile namahhovisi endawo, kuhlanganise nosizo lomphakathi namahhovisi okukhubazeka.
  • I-Online Expad: Izifundazwe eziningi manje zinikeza izimiso zokubhalisa zomvoti kuyi-inthanethi, okwenza lenqubo isheshe futhi ifinyeleleke kakhulu.

Ukubhalisa i Voter okuzenzakalelayo

Ukuthambekela okukhulayo ekubhaliseni kovoti ukubhalisa okuzenzekelayo (AVR). Kuqondisa futhi i-EAC ukuba inike imvume yemisebenzi ethile eqondile, kuhlanganise nokusebenzisa izimiso zokuvota ezizenzekelayo. Ngaphansi kwezimiso ze-AVR, izakhamuzi ezifanele zibhaliswa ngokuzenzakalela ukuba zivote lapho zisebenzelana nezinhlangano ezithile zikahulumeni, njengeDepartment of Motor Vehicles, ngaphandle kokuba zikhethe. Lendlela ihlose ukwandisa amazinga okubhalisa kuyilapho zilondoloza ukunemba.

Izindawo Ezifile Ezibhaliswayo

Akukho mkhawulo wezwe wokubhalisa. Kwezinye izifundazwe, usuku lokugcina ukubhalisa luyizinsuku ezingu-30 ngaphambi koSuku Lokhetho. Kwezinye izifundazwe, ungabhalisa nge-Ecostation Day. Kubalulekile ukuhlola isikhathi esiqondile somthetho wakho ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ubhaliswe ngesikhathi ukuze uvote.

Uma ungabhalisile noma udinga ukuvuselela ukubhalisa kwakho, qiniseka ukwenza kanjalo ngenkathi emisiwe kahulumeni wakho. Izizwe eziningana zivumela abavoti ukuba babhalise nge-Ecostation Day, kodwa ezinye izifundazwe zinesikhathi esimisiwe esingaba iintsuku ezingu-30 ngaphambi kokhetho.

Ukuveza Amalungelo Ekho Ezinhlamvwini

Uma usubhalisile, uneqoqo elibanzi lamalungelo uma uya ekuvoteni. Ukuqonda lamalungelo kuqinisekisa ukuthi ungafaka ivoti yakho ngaphandle kokuphazamisa noma ukudideka.

Ilungelo Lokuphonsa Ibhola

Uma ungumvoti obhalisiwe ofika endaweni yakho yokuvota phakathi namahora okuvota, unelungelo lokuvota. Ngisho noma ungafika ngaphambi kokuba izinqumo ziphele kodwa usasele emgqeni lapho isikhathi sokuphetha sifika, kumelwe uvunyelwe ukuba uvote. Izisebenzi ezikhohlisayo azinakukuxosha uma wawusemgqeni ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokuphetha esingokomthetho.

Ilungelo Lokuthola Ibhola Lemfihlo

Ivoti yakho iyimfihlo. Akekho ongafuna ukuba uchaze indlela ovota ngayo, futhi unelungelo lokuphawula ivoti lakho ngasese ngaphandle kokuba kuqaphe noma ubani. Lesivikelo esiyisisekelo siqinisekisa ukuthi ungavota unembeza wakho ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuziphindiselela noma ukucindezela komphakathi.

Ukukhululeka Ekuthukeni Nokuzitika Ngemali

Imithetho kazwelonke ne-oceral ne-odoli inqabela ukusatshiswa okuqinile. Unelungelo lokuvota ukhululekile ekusongeleni, ekuhlukunyezweni, noma kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lokuphoqelelwa. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuvikelwa kubabheki abanonya, ukwaziswa okudukisayo ngezimfuneko zokuvota, noma noma noma yimiphi imizamo yokukuvimbela ekuvoteni.

Noma ubani ozama ukwesabisa, ukusongela, noma ukucindezela abavoti angabhekana nezijeziso zobugebengu eziphawulekayo. Uma ubhekana nokwesatshiswa noma ufakazelwa endaweni yokuphenya, kufanele ubike ngokushesha ezisebenzini zokuvota kanye nasezikhulwini zendawo.

Ilungelo Lokucela Usizo

Uma udinga usizo ekuvoteleni ngenxa yokukhubazeka, isithiyo solimi, noma ukungakwazi ukufunda, unelungelo lokwamukela usizo. Ungaletha othile okhethe ukukusiza ukuba uvote, noma ungacela usizo lwezisebenzi zezokuvota. Okuwukuphela kwesithiyo siwukuthi umqashi wakho noma ummeleli wenyunyana ngeke abe umsizi wakho.

Ukutholakala Kwezisebenzi Ezikhubazekile

AmaMelika anoMthetho wokukhubazeka (ADA) noMthetho weHelp America Vote (HAVA) agunyaza ukuba izindawo zokuvota zitholakale kubantu abavoti abakhubazekile. Lokhu kuhlanganisa:

  • Ukutholakala ngokomzimba, kuhlanganise nezikhala zabakhubazekile nezimoto ezitholakala kalula
  • Imishini yokuvota efinyelelekayo ehlanganisa ukukhubazeka okuhlukahlukene
  • Ama - ballet omculo abavoti abayizimpumputhe noma abangaboni kahle
  • Ukukhetha okungakhethwa kulabo abangakwazi ukungena endaweni yokuvota
  • Usizo oluvela ezisebenzini zezokuvota noma kumuntu omthandayo

Uma indawo yakho yokuvota ingeyiyo noma intula indawo yokulala edingekayo, ungafaka isikhalo kuMnyango Wobulungisa noma izikhulu zikahulumeni okhetha kuzo.

Usizo Lolimi

Ngaphansi kwe-Phondo 203 yoMthetho we-Voing Rights Act, izifunda ezithile ezinabantu abavelele abahlala esiNgisini abangasazi kahle kumelwe zinikeze izinto zokuvota nosizo ngezilimi ezincane ezisebenzayo. Uma uhlala ngegunya elizimele, unelungelo lokwamukela amavota, iziyalezo zokuvota, nosizo ngolimi lwakho.

Ilungelo Lokuthola I - ballet Elungiselelayo

Uma kukhona umbuzo othile ngokukwazi kwakho ukuvota .njengokungaveli kwegama lakho ohlwini lokubhalisa noma isisebenzi sokuvota esikholelwa ukuthi usendaweni engafanele. Unelungelo lokuphonsa i-ocetal joat. IHeatving America Vote Act ka-2002 yamisa lelilungelo ezweni lonke. I-gallero i-colleot yakho izokubalwa uma izikhulu zokhetho ziqinisekisa ukufaneleka kwakho.

Uma ufaka i-collat ye-apply, kufanele uthole ukwaziswa ngokuthi ungahlola kanjani ukuthi i-collet yakho ibiliwe yini, uma kungenjalo, isizathu sokuba. Lokhu kubonakala kuqinisekisa ukuthi abavoti abafanelekayo abadukiswanga ngenxa yamaphutha okuphatha.

Izimfuneko Zokwazi Ukuhlukanisa

Imithetho ye-voter yokuhlukanisa ihluka kakhulu kuye ngokwesifundazwe ngasinye. Ezinye izifundazwe zidinga ukuboniswa kwezithombe, ezinye zithatha amabhukwana anga-photo, futhi ezinye izifundazwe azinayo nhlobo imfuneko ye-ID. Kubalulekile ukwazi izimfuneko eziqondile zikahulumeni wakho ngaphambi kokuba ubheke ezindaweni zokuhlola.

I-United States enemithetho ye-ID yezithombe eqinile idinga abavoti ukuba banikeze uphawu lwezithombe zikahulumeni eziphonswe, njengelayisense yomshayeli noma i-passport. Izwe elinemithetho ye-ID engeyoyodwa lingavumela abavoti ukuba basayine i-affidavit noma bafake i-accom uma bengenayo inombolo efanelekile. Ezinye izifunda zamukela uhlu olubanzi lwezincwadi, kuhlanganise nezikweleti zenzuzo, izitatimende zebhanki, noma izihlo zikahulumeni ezibonisa igama lakho nekheli.

Uma isimo sidinga i-ID futhi ungenayo, hlola ukuthi isifundazwe sakho sinikeza amakhadi okuveza mahhala yini ngokukhethekile ngenjongo yokuvota. Izindleko zokuthola izincwadi ezidingekayo ze-ID azinakuba yisithiyo sokuvota.

Ezinye Izindlela Zokusakaza Imikhiqizo

Ngaphandle kokuvota okungokwesiko ngoSuku Lokukhetha, izifundazwe eziningi zinikeza ezinye izindlela ezingenza ukuvota kube lula futhi kutholakale kalula.

Ukusaswa Kwamanzi Kusencane

Ngo-2026, amazwe amaningana aye aqala noma andisa ukuvota kwasekuqaleni kanye nokungahoxi. Lezi zinguquko zihlose ukwenza ukuvota kutholakale, ikakhulukazi kubantu abangakwazi ukuvota ngoSuku Lokhetho ngenxa yezimiso zomsebenzi, ukukhubazeka, noma ezinye izithiyo. Ukuvota kwakuqala kukuvumela ukuba uphonse ivoti yakho phambi koSuku Lokhetho, ngokuvamile ezindaweni oqala kuzo ukuvota kuzo noma ehhovisi lakho lokuvota.

Le ndlela ibaluleke kakhulu kubantu abanezimiso ezingaguquki, labo abahamba njalo, noma noma ubani ofuna ukugwema imigqa emide engenzeka ngoSuku Lokhetho.

Ukuthunyelwa Kweposi Nokuthunyelwa Kweposi

I-Abiegie Voing ehlala njalo: Izifundazwe eziningana ziye zamisa imithetho evumela abavoti ukuba balahle amavoti angekho ngaphandle kokufuna izaba. Lokhu kunyakaziswa kuye kwanconywa abameleli bamalungelo okuvota, abaphikisa ngokuthi ukuvota okungekho kwenza kube lula kubantu ababhekene nezithiyo, njengezinkinga zokuhamba noma amahora amaningi omsebenzi, ukuba bahlanganyele okhethweni.

Ngokwesiko, ukuvota kwangaphandle kwadinga ukuba abavoti banikeze izaba ezisemthethweni, njengokuphuma edolobheni ngoSuku Lokhetho noma ukukhubazeka. Nokho, izigodlo eziningi manje zithembisa "akukho-excuse" ukuvota okungekhoyo, zivumela noma ubani obhalisile ukuba acele iposi kuposi ngaphandle kokunikeza isizathu. Ezinye izizwe zize zithuthelwe ngisho nasezimisweni zokuvota ngeposi, lapho wonke umvoti obhalisiwe ethola khona ibhola ngokuzenzakalela.

Uma uvota ngeposi, kubaluleke ukulandela ngokucophelela zonke iziyalezo, kuhlanganise nokusayina imvilophu lapho kudingeka khona nokubuyisela ivoti yakho ngenkathi emisiwe. Ezinye izifundazwe zidinga amavoloti akwamukelwe ngoSuku Lokhetho, kuyilapho ezinye zithatha iziphawulo zophawulo olubhalwe ngoSuku Lokhetho olufika phakathi kwesigamu esithile sesikhathi.

Ukuya Empini Naphesheya Kolwandle Kuyafudumala

I-UOCAVA (Umthetho we-Public Conficial Act (Umthetho 99-410, 52 Umthetho wase-U.S. 76 20301 et seq.), eyamiswa ngo-1986 futhi njengoba ilungiswe yinkonzo ye-Missionary ne-Overseas Voters Ilectment Act ("MOVE Act), ingxenye yeNational Defect Leany Intect for Fiscal Yearly 2010 (Umthetho we-Public Umthetho 111-84), ifuna ukuba izifunda namasimu avumele amalungu enkonzo yeyunifomu ne-osomabhizinisi, amalungu emikhaya yabo, kanye nezakhamuzi zaseMelika ezihlala kwamanye amazwe ukuba zibhalise futhi ziphume ehholweni lokhetho lwehhovisi lombuso.

Uma ukhonza ebuthweni lezempi noma uhlala phesheya, ungabhalisa ukuba uvote futhi ucele ibhodi elingekhoyo usebenzisa iFederal Post Card Applicam (FPCA). I-UOCAVA iqinisekisa ukuthi amalungu enkonzo nezakhamuzi zaphesheya zingahlanganyela kukhetho naphezu kokuba zikude ezizweni zakubo.

Isikhathi Sokusebenza

Izifundazwe eziningi zinemithetho efuna abaqashi ukuba banike izisebenzi isikhathi sokuvota. Le mithetho iyahlukahluka kakhulu:

  • Ezinye izifundazwe zidinga isikhathi sokuzikhokhela, kuyilapho ezinye zigunyaza ukuba umuntu athathe ikhefu angakhokhelwa
  • Isilinganiso sesikhathi sisukela ehoreni elilodwa kuya kwemithathu ezifundazweni eziningi
  • Ezinye zidinga isikhathi kuphela uma isisebenzi singabi nesikhathi esanele ngaphandle kokusebenza amahora amaningi sivote
  • Ukuqaphela kusengaphambili izimfuneko kuyahlukahluka ngokwesifundazwe

Bheka umthetho oqondile kahulumeni wakho ukuze uqonde amalungelo akho. Abaqashi abephula lemithetho bangabhekana nezijeziso.

Ukunikeza Izinselele Nemithetho Yamalungelo Anamuhla

Ngo - 2026, njengoba i - U.S. ilungiselela olunye ukhetho lomongameli, imithetho yokuvota iyaqhubeka iguquka, enezinselele eziningana zokulungisa nezokubusa ezingahlela ikusasa lentando yeningi ezweni. Ukuqonda indawo yemithetho yamanje kukusiza ukuba wazi ukuthi kungenzeka yini ushintshe amalungelo akho okuvota.

Isinyathelo Sokubuyisela Amalungelo Esishukumisayo

Ngo-2026, kwasungulwa i-Voing Rights Reconsolement Act eMkhandlwini ukuze kubuyiselwe isivikelo soMthetho weVoting Rights ka-65, owawuncishiswe yisinqumo seNkantolo Ephakeme ka-2013 eShelby County v.Goder. Lo mthetho uhlose ukusingatha ukucwasa ngokuvota ngokubuyisela ushintsho lwemithetho yokukhetha ezimisweni zezikhulu zezezezentenganiso yobandlululo.

Isenzo Samandla Okuphehla Igesi Sango - 2026

Isimiso seUnited States ukuthi − ikhono lazo zonke izakhamuzi ezifanelekayo zaseUnited States lokungenela nokusebenzisa ilungelo lazo elingokomthetho lokuvota ngenkululeko, ngokungakhethi, nangendlela efike ngesikhathi kumelwe lithuthukiswe, livike, futhi ukulondeka, ukulondeka, nokulandisa kwenqubo yokuvota kumelwe kuvikelwe ngokuqapha, kulondolozwe, futhi kuthuthukiswe ukuze kuvike futhi kulondolozwe ukubusa ngentando yeningi nokukhetha eUnited States.

Lo mthetho ohlanganisa konke ukhuluma ngezici eziningi zamalungelo okuvota, kuhlanganise nokubhalisa kwevoti kwanamuhla, ukuthuthukisa ukutholakala kwabavoti abakhubazekile, nokuvikela ikhono labantu ngabanye lokusebenzisa ilungelo labo lokuvota.

Ukunikezwa Kwemithetho Egunyazwa Umbuso

I-State Leace Legislative Batts: Nakuba izimpikiswano zikahulumeni ze-Congress zokuvikela amalungelo okuvota ziyoqhubeka zimisa imithetho enweba noma evimbela ukuvota. Ukulinganisela phakathi kwamalungelo ezizwe nokwengamele kuyoba yimpikiswano enkulu.

Umthetho wamuva nje wezwe uye wathatha izindlela ezihlukene. Amanye amazwe aye andisa ukungenela ngezindlela ezinjengokuvota okuzenzekelayo, andisa inkathi yokuvota kwangesikhathi esingaphambili, futhi awakho amaphutha okuvota. Amanye amazwe aye amisa izimfuneko eziqinile, kuhlanganise nemithetho ye-ID eqinisiwe nezinyathelo zokuqinisekisa ukuthi izakhamuzi zikhona.

Amalungelo Akho Ezindaweni Zomphakathi

Ngaphandle kwamalungelo okuvota, iSichibiyelo Sokuqala soMthetho - sisekelo wase - United States sivikela amalungelo akho ayisisekelo okukhuluma ngokukhululekile, ukuhlangana ngokuthula nokunxusa uhulumeni emphakathini.

Ziyini Izindawo Zomphakathi?

Izindawo zomphakathi, ezibizwa nangokuthi ama-fourm, ziyizindawo zikahulumeni futhi ezifinyelelwa umphakathi.

  • Imigwaqo nemigwaqwe
  • Amapaki Omphakathi nezindawo zokuhlala
  • Izakhiwo zikahulumeni nezindawo ezizungezile
  • Amayunivesithi omphakathi namakolishi
  • Amahholo amadolobha nezikhungo zomphakathi

Izinga leSichibiyelo Sokuqala onaso lixhomeke ohlotsheni lwendawo yomphakathi. Izinkantolo ziye zaphawula izigaba ezintathu zama - computer omphakathi, ngalinye elinezinga elihlukene lesivikelo.

Izingxoxo Zomphakathi Ezingokwesiko

Izindawo zomphakathi ezivamile zihlanganisa imigwaqo, imigwaqwe, namapaki − izindawo eziye zasetshenziselwa imihlangano yomphakathi nezindawo zokubonisa. Kulezi zindawo, unezivikelo zeSichibiyelo Sokuqala esiqinile. Uhulumeni angabeka imingcele elinganiselwe kuphela enkulumweni nasebuthweni, futhi leyomingcele kumelwe ibe yile:

  • Content-neut article:[ Isithiyo asinakusekelwa esigijimini esivezwayo
  • Ikancane kakhulu: Isithiyo kumele sinikeze isithakazelo sikahulumeni esibalulekile futhi singaba sibanzi kakhulu kunalokho okudingekile
  • Shiya uvule imikhondo ehlukile:[ Ezinye izindlela zokuxhumana kumele zihlale zikhona

Ngokwesibonelo, idolobha lingadinga imvume yokubonisa imibhikisho emikhulu ukuze lilawule izimoto nokuphepha komphakathi, kodwa alinakuphika imvume esekelwe embonweni ovezwayo.

Izenzakalo Zomphakathi Ezimisiwe

Izindawo zomphakathi ezimisiwe izindawo uhulumeni azivulile ukuze zizwakalise umphakathi, njengezikhungo zomphakathi, amagumbi okuhlangana kwasobala, noma izindawo ezithile zezakhiwo zikahulumeni. Nakuba lezi zindawo zingezona izikhundla ezingokwesiko, uhulumeni uye wakhetha ukuzivula ukuze zitholakalele inkulumo nemihlangano. Uma sezimiswe njengezindawo zomphakathi, lezi zindawo zithola isivikelo esifanayo ezingokwesiko ezikhungweni zomphakathi.

Izenzakalo Zomphakathi Ezilinganiselwe Nezinkululwana Zomphakathi

Ezinye izakhiwo zikahulumeni, njengezakhiwo zempi, amajele, noma izakhiwo zamahhovisi kahulumeni, azikho ezindaweni zomphakathi. Kulezi zindawo, uhulumeni unegunya elikhulu lokulinganisela ukukhuluma nokungena, uma nje imingcele inengqondo futhi ingena hlangothi.

Inkululeko Yokukhuluma Ezikhathini Zomphakathi

ISichibiyelo Sokuqala sivikela ilungelo lakho lokuveza imibono yakho ezindaweni zomphakathi, kuhlanganise nalena:

  • Inkulumo yokukhuluma nokukhuluma obala
  • Ukusakaza amapheshana nezincwadi
  • Ukubonisa izimpawu nemifanekiso
  • Ukugqoka izingubo noma izimpawu ezichazayo
  • Ukudweba nokwenza
  • Inkulumo engokomfanekiso, njengokushiswa kwefulege (nakuba kuphikisana, lokhu kuyavikelwa)

Nokho, inkululeko yokukhuluma ayiphelele. uhulumeni ungabeka isikhathi esinengqondo, indawo, nezindlela ezifeza izinjongo ezingokomthetho ezinjengokuphepha komphakathi, ukulawulwa kwezimoto, noma ukulawulwa komsindo.

Iyiphi Inkulumo Engavikelwe?

Izigaba ezithile zenkulumo azitholi sivikelo esitheni noma azitholi nhlobo iSichibiyelo Sokuqala:

  • Izinsongo zeqiniso: inkulumo eveza inhloso engathi sína yokwenza ubudlova
  • Ukuhlohlonyiselwa esenzweni sokungabi namthetho esiseduze: ukukhuluma okuqondiswe ekuvuseleleni umsebenzi ongekho emthethweni ngokushesha futhi ngokunokwenzeka okuzoveza isenzo esinjalo
  • [[INTLOBO:0] amagama anamandla:[ Ubuso-bukanye ukuchapha ngokunokwenzeka kungavusa ubudlova obusheshayo
  • Impahla ekhangayo ethakazelisayo, ebonisa ukuziphatha kobulili ngendlela ephambene, futhi engenalo inzuzo engathi sína yezincwadi, ubuciko, izombangazwe, noma isayensi
  • Ukukhipha:[ Izinkulumo ezingamanga ezilimaza idumela lothile (nezindlela ezengeziwe zokuvikela izibalo zomphakathi)

Ilungelo Lomhlangano Onokuthula

ISichibiyelo Sokuqala sivikela ngokucacile "ilungelo labantu lokuhlangana ngokuthula." Lokhu kusho ukuthi unelungelo lokubuthana nabanye ezindaweni zomphakathi ukuze uzwakalise imibono efanayo, izenzo zikahulumeni zokubhikisha, noma ukusekela izimbangela.

Izimfuneko Zokuvumela

Amadolobha amaningi nomasipala adinga imvume yokubuthana, ukumasha, noma imiboniso.

  • Ufeze izinjongo ezingokomthetho njengokuqondisa izimoto nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha komphakathi
  • Isetshenziswa ngendlela yokungathathi hlangothi
  • Ungaziniki izikhulu ukuhlakanipha okungalawuliwe ukuze ziphike imvume
  • Azisetshenziselwa ukucindezela imibono engathandwayo
  • Faka nezindinganiso ezicacile kanye nokulungisa okufike ngesikhathi

Imihlangano emincane esezindleleni ayidingi mvume, njengoba imigwaqwe iwumphakathi wesiko. Nokho, izenzakalo ezinkulu ezingase zivale izimoto noma zidinge ukuba kuvalwe umgwaqo ngokuvamile zidinga imvume kusengaphambili.

Izenzo Zokubonakalisa

Nakuba ngokuvamile izimfuneko zisebenza, izinkantolo ziye zaqaphela ukuthi ukusabela ngokuzenzakalelayo ekubhulaneni izenzakalo zezindaba kungase kunganikezi ngaso sonke isikhathi isikhathi inqubo yemvume.

Umhlangano Onobudlova

ISichibiyelo Sokuqala sivikela kuphela umhlangano onokuthula. Uma umbuthano usunobudlova, uhilela ukubhujiswa kwempahla, noma usongela ngokushesha ukulondeka komphakathi, ulahlekelwa isivikelo somthetho - sisekelo.

Nokho, ukuba khona kwabantu abambalwa abanobudlova akuzenzekeli kwenza ukuba wonke umbuthano ube ongekho emthethweni. ababhikishi abanokuthula balondoloza amalungelo abo okuHlaziya ISichibiyelo Sokuqala ngisho noma abanye abaseduze behileleka ebudloveni.

Imingcele Yesikhathi, Indawo, Nendlela Yokuphila

Ohulumeni bangabeka imingcele enengqondo lapho, kuphi, nendlela osebenzisa ngayo amalungelo akho okuHlanziswa kokuqala ezindaweni zomphakathi. Lemigoqo engokomthetho isithiyo:

  • Akusi-okuqukethwe okungathathi hlangothi (ungagxili emilayezweni noma imibono ethile)
  • Kuncane kakhulu okuhlotshaniswa ukuze kutholakale isithakazelo sikahulumeni esibalulekile
  • Shiya ezinye izindlela zokuxhumana ezivulekile

Izibonelo Zemingcele Efanele

  • [[INKQUBO] Imithetho yengxoko: Ukulinganisela umsindo okhulisiwe phakathi namahora asebusuku ezindaweni zokuhlala
  • ukuphathwa kwe-Traffic:[ Ukuthatha uhambo oluphuthumayo ukuze uhlale emizileni emisiwe ukugcina imigwaqo ivulekile
  • Amahora okuvala: amapaki omphakathi ebusuku ukuze kulungiswe futhi kuphepheke
  • Izindawo ze-Buffer : Ukulondoloza ukutholakala okucacile kokwakhe amagebhu
  • Ukulinganiselwa okukhulu: ukunciphisa izinga lezimpawu noma izakhiwo ngezizathu zokuphepha

Izibonelo Zemingcele Engagunyaziwe

  • Ukuvimbela yonke imibhikisho epaki lomphakathi
  • Ukuvumela ezinye izimvume kodwa ungazivumeli ezinye
  • Ukufaka imali eningi kakhulu evimbela ukukhuluma ngokuphumelelayo
  • Ukwakha imingcele yezindawo ezivimbela isikhashana kuqeda ukukhulumisana okuphumelelayo
  • Ukunikeza izikhulu ukuhlakanipha okungenamingcele ukuze zinikeze noma ziphike imvume

Ukucatshangelwa Okukhethekile Kwezindawo Ezihlukahlukene Zomphakathi

Izakhiwo Zikahulumeni

Nakuba izindawo zangaphandle ezizungeze izakhiwo zikahulumeni zivame ukuba yizindawo zomphakathi, ngokuvamile izimo ezingaphakathi azizona. Ohulumeni bangabeka imingcele enengqondo enkulumweni nasemhlanganweni ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi bangaqhuba ibhizinisi ngokuphumelelayo. Nokho, imihlangano yomphakathi kanye nokuzwa okuqhutshelwa ezakhiweni zikahulumeni ngokuvamile kuvulekele umphakathi, futhi unelungelo lokuya futhi ezimweni eziningi, ukukhuluma phakathi nezikhathi zokukhulumela okumisiwe.

Ukweqa Umphakathi

Amakolishi omphakathi namayunivesithi kumelwe ahloniphe amalungelo eSichibiyelo sokuqala emakholijini. Abafundi namalungu omphakathi ngokuvamile banelungelo lokuhlanganyela emisebenzini evusa inkanuko ezindaweni ezingaphandle kwesikole.

Izindawo Zokuhamba

Izikhumulo zezindiza, iziteshi zamabhasi, neziteshi zesitimela ziveza izinselele eziyingqayizivele. Nakuba lezi ziyizindawo zikahulumeni ezivulekele umphakathi, azizona izikhungo zomphakathi ezingokwesiko. Iziphathimandla zingabeka imingcele edingekile ukuze kuvikelwe futhi kusetshenziswe kahle, kodwa azikwazi ukukhetha ngokusekelwe ekukhulumeni.

Ukuhlangana Nomthetho Ezikhathini Zomphakathi

Ukuqonda amalungelo akho lapho usebenzelana namaphoyisa ezindaweni zomphakathi kubalulekile ukuze uzivikele futhi usebenzise inkululeko yakho ngokuphumelelayo.

Ilungelo Lakho Lokuqopha

Uvame ukuba neSichibiyelo sokuqala esinelungelo lokuthwebula izithombe noma ukuqopha amarekhodi amaphoyisa enza imisebenzi yawo ezindaweni zomphakathi. Leli lungelo limiswe kahle ezifundeni eziningi zikahulumeni, nakuba eminye imingcele ingasebenza:

  • Ngeke uphazamise ukusebenza kwamaphoyisa
  • Kumelwe ulalele imiyalo engokomthetho yokubuyela emuva ukuze uvikeleke
  • Ngeke uphambuke endaweni yakho ukuze ubhale phansi
  • Ukuqopha kungase kubekelwe imingcele ezindaweni ezithile ezizwelayo

Uma Amaphoyisa Ekucela Ukuba Uhambe

Uma amaphoyisa ekutshela ukuba uphume endaweni yomphakathi, kufanele:

  • Buza ukuthi ukhululekile yini ukuya noma ukuboshwa
  • Cela isizathu esiqondile okumelwe uhambe ngaso
  • Beka ngokuvumelana neziqondiso ezingokomthetho zokugwema ukuboshwa
  • Bhala ukuxhumana uma kunokwenzeka
  • Phawula amagama nenombolo yamabheji yezikhulu
  • Icala kamuva uma ukholelwa ukuthi amalungelo akho ophulwe

Nakuba kufanele usebenzise amalungelo akho, ngokuvamile kuyatuswa ukuvumelana nama-oda amaphoyisa futhi uwabeke inselele kamuva ngezindlela ezifanele zomthetho kunokuba ubeke engozini yokuboshwa.

Iziqondiso Ezixakile

Amaphoyisa angayala izixuku ukuba zihlakazeke uma umhlangano ungabi ngokomthetho ngenxa yobudlova, ukubhujiswa kwempahla, noma ukuvalwa kwezakhiwo. Kumelwe kube yiziyalezo zokungavumelani

  • Baxoxa ngokucacile ukuze bonke abantu bezwe
  • Ukucabangela ngaphansi kwezimo
  • Ukuhambisana nethuba elinengqondo lokuvumelana nabo
  • Nikeza indlela ecacile yokuphuma

Uma uthola umyalo ongokomthetho ophambene, kumelwe uphume kulendawo.

Ukuvikela Amalungelo Akho: Ongakwenza Uma Ephulwa

Naphezu kwesivikelo esingokomthetho, ukuphulwa kwamalungelo okuvota nokugconwa kwenkululeko yokuHlaziya Kokuqala kuyavela.

Ukubika Ukuphulwa Kwamalungelo

Uma ubhekana nokuphulwa kwamalungelo okuvota noma ukuzibonela ngawakho, unga:

  • Izisebenzi zokuvota ngokushesha: Izindaba eziningi zingaxazululwa ngokushesha ngokukhuluma nezisebenzi zokuvota noma abaqondisi bokhetho
  • Cela ihhovisi lakho lokhetho lwezwe: izikhulu zikahulumeni zokhetho zinganikeza isiqondiso futhi zingene uma kudingekile
  • Ukuhlangana noMnyango woMahlulelo: I-DOJ's Civil Rights Division ihlola ukwaphulwa kwamalungelo okuvota. Ungafaka isikhalo ngewebhusayithi yabo noma ngokubiza amalungelo abo okuvota ngokuthi ashelele
  • hlela izinhlangano zamalungelo okuvota:[ Amaqembu anjenge-Eunt Protection Coalition asebenzisa izikhombi ezishisayo ngoSuku lokhetho ukusiza abavoti ukuba baxazulule izinkinga
  • [[UMTL:0] Uxwebhu yonke into: Thwebula amanothi, izithombe (lapho kuvunyelwe), bese uqoqa ukwaziswa kokuxhumana kofakazi

Inselele Yokuphulwa Kwesichibiyelo Sokuqala

Uma ukholelwa ukuthi amalungelo akho okuQothulela Isichibiyelo aphulwa emphakathini:

  • Akha lesisenzakalo: Bhala phansi okwenzekile, kuhlanganise nezinsuku, izikhathi, izindawo, namagama ezikhulu ezihilelekile
  • Ubufakazi obuyi-part: qoqa izithombe, amavidiyo, izitatimende zobufakazi, namakhophi anoma yiziphi izincwadi ezihlobene
  • Umbombo wesikhalo: Xhumana nenxusa likahulumeni elifanele noma umthola-lwazi ukuze ubhale isikhalo esingokomthetho
  • Izinhlangano ezihlangene zenkululeko yomphakathi: Amaqembu anjenge-American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) ingakwazi ukunikeza usizo noma ukuthatha ecaleni lakho
  • Ummeli: Ummeli okhethekile emalungelweni omphakathi noma umthetho weSichibiyelo Sokuqala angakucebisa ngezindlela ongazikhetha
  • Ukucabangela ukuthatha i-ligita: Kwezinye izimo, ukuqulisa icala kungadingeka ukuze ulwele amalungelo akho futhi uvimbele ukuphulwa kwesikhathi esizayo

Imithombo Nezinhlangano

Izinhlangano eziningi zisebenzela ukuvikela amalungelo okuvota nenkululeko yomphakathi.

Izinhlangano Ezilwela Amalungelo Abantu

  • Isivikelo sokhetho: i-operate yesizwe ye-opera eshisayo (1-866-OUR-VOTE) ukusiza abavoti ngosuku lokhetho
  • I-League of Women Voters: Inikeza ulwazi olungavoti-kunye nabameleli bamalungelo okuvota
  • [Imali yokhuselo lwezomthetho] I-NAACP Esemthethweni: I-Litifains amacala okuvota kanye nabasekeli bemvume yokuthola i-colot
  • Brennan Center yeJaji: Ukuziphatha kucwaninga futhi kugunyaza amalungelo okuvota kanye nokuphatha kokhetho
  • Inkululeko yomphakathi wase-America (ACLU): ivikela amalungelo okuvota nenselele yemithetho yokuvota elahla ubandlululo

Imithombo Kahulumeni

  • vote.gov: Igunya le-website kahulumeni wase-U.S. enokwaziswa kokuvota nemithombo eqondene nombuso
  • U.S.U.ActIr Commission: Inikeza ukwaziswa ngamalungelo okuvota, ukutholakala, kanye nokuqondisa kokhetho
  • ISivumelwano soMahlulelo Omthetho Ongamele Amalungelo Omphakathi: imisa imithetho yamalungelo ovota kahulumeni futhi ihlola ukwephulwa kwemithetho
  • Amahhovisi okukhetha esimo: Isifunda ngasinye sinewebhusayithi yokhetho esemthethweni enokwaziswa kokubhalisa, ukuvota izindawo, nemithombo yamavoti

ISichibiyelo Sokuqala Nezinhlangano Ezikhulula Ngombango

  • Isiphakamiso somphakathi waseMelika i-Libregist Union (ACLU): Ivikela amalungelo okuHlaziya kokuqala nenselele kuhulumeni enqabela ukukhulumela nokuhlangana
  • Ukubekwa kwelungelo ngalinye kanye nokubonakaliswa (FIRE): kugxila emalungelweni okukhuluma akhululekile, ikakhulukazi emakolishi
  • Electronic Foundation (EFF): ivikela inkululeko yomphakathi ezweni lezokuxhumana, kuhlanganise nelungelo lokuqopha amaphoyisa
  • Abaxhasi bemithetho yesizwe Guid: Usekela ababhikishi nabashisekeli

Ukuhlala Unolwazi Futhi Uhlanganyela

Amalungelo akho ekuvotelweni nasezindaweni zomphakathi awagcini ndawo, ashintshwa ngokushaya umthetho, ngezinqumo zenkantolo, nangokushintsha kwezimiso zomphakathi. Ukuhlala waziwe ngentuthuko yamalungelo okuvota nomthetho weSichibiyelo sokuqala kukusiza ukuba uvikele inkululeko yakho futhi uhlanganyele ngokuphumelelayo ekubuseni ngentando yeningi.

Landela Imithombo Yezindaba Enokwethenjelwa

Ukuqonda kwasikisela ushintsho emithethweni yokuvota ezweni lakho kukuvumela ukuba usekele izithakazelo zakho futhi ulungiselele izimfuneko ezintsha.

Yazi Imithetho Kazwelonke

Imithetho nezimiso zihluka kakhulu ngokwezwe. Zijwayeze izimfuneko eziqondile zikahulumeni wakho zokubhalisa, ukuhlukanisa, ukuvota kwasekuqaleni, nokukhipha amavoti. Ngokufanayo, qonda imithetho yendawo yakho ngokuphathelene nemvume yemiboniso nemithetho yokukhuluma obala.

Ukuhlanganyela Ekuphileni Okulungile

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvikela amalungelo akho iwukuwasebenzisa.

Fundisa Abanye

Abantu abaningi abawazi amalungelo abo noma indlela yokuwasebenzisa ngokuphumelelayo. Ngokufundisa abanye, usiza ekwakheni izakhamuzi ezinolwazi oluthé xaxa futhi ezithembisene.

Amanani Akhethekile Namalungelo Okuphana

Abafundi Nemibhoshongo Yamavolovolo Encane

Abafundi basekholiji banelungelo lokubhalisa nokuvota ekhelini labo lasesikoleni noma ekhelini labo, kodwa hhayi lawo womabili amazwe azama ukuvimbela ukuvota kwabafundi ngokulinganisela izakhiwo ezisemthethweni ze-ID noma ngokubekela abafundi inselele indawo yokuhlala. Nokho, abafundi abahlala esikoleni isikhathi esiningi sonyaka ngokuvamile banelungelo lokubhalisa ekhelini labo.

Imishini Engenamakhaya

Abantu abangenamakhaya bangabhalisa besebenzisa ikheli lokukhosela, igumbi lomgwaqo, ibhentshi lasepaki, noma noma iyiphi indawo lapho behlala khona njalo. Ezinye izifundazwe zivumela abavoti abangenamakhaya ukuba basebenzise ikheli lehhovisi lokhetho lwesifunda. Isihluthulelo simisa indawo yokuhlala egunyeni lakho lapho ufuna ukuvota khona.

Abashiyi Bemizwa Abalinganiselwe

Uma unekhono elilinganiselwe lesiNgisi futhi uhlala engxenyeni engu 203 ye-Voting Rights Act, unelungelo lokwamukela izinto zokuvota nosizo ngolimi lwakho. Izilimi ezihlotshisiwe zihlanganisa iSpanishi, isiShayina, isiVietnam, isiKorea, nezilimi ezihlukahlukene zomdabu zaseMelika, kuye ngokuthi ziphethe i-gasmente.

Izinti Zomdabu ZaseMelika

AmaMelika Omdabu abhekene nezinselele eziyingqayizivele ekusebenziseni amalungelo okuvota, kuhlanganise namabanga amade okuhlola izindawo, ukuntuleka kwamakheli emigwaqweni ezindawo ezingemthetho, nemithetho ye - ID evimbelayo. Umthetho kahulumeni udinga ukuba imibuso inikeze amathuba alinganayo okuvota amaMelika Omdabu, kuhlanganise nokumisa izindawo zokuvota lapho kudingeka futhi ukwamukela iziqu zesizwe njengeziwuphawu olufanele.

Ukubaluleka Kokuhlanganyela Emsebenzini

Ukuqonda amalungelo akho ezindaweni zokuvota nasezindaweni zomphakathi kumane kuyisinyathelo sokuqala. Ukuhlanganyela kwangempela kwentando yeningi kudinga ukuba lamalungelo asetshenziswe ngenkuthalo futhi kukhuthaze abanye ukuba benze okufanayo.

Intando yeningi ayiwona umdlalo oqashelwayo, idinga izakhamuzi eziwaqondayo amalungelo azo, ezifeza imithwalo yazo yemfanelo, futhi ezibheka uhulumeni wazo njengesibopho sokulandisa. ngokuvota noma yiluphi ukhetho, ngokuya emihlanganweni yomphakathi, ngokubhikisha ngokuthula lapho kudingeka, nangokuhlala wazisiwe ngezindaba ezithinta umphakathi wakini, unikela ekubusweni kwentando yeningi okunamandla, okunamandla ngokwengeziwe.

Amalungelo akho okuvota nokukhuluma ngokukhululekile ezindaweni zomphakathi aphakathi kwenkululeko eyigugu kakhulu emphakathini wentando yeningi. Bazuzwa phakathi namakhulu amaningi eminyaka okulwa nokuzidela, futhi badinga ukuqapha njalo ukuze balondoloze. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyafaka i-collet, uya emhlanganweni wehholo ledolobha, noma uhlanganyela ekuboniseni ngokuthula, uhlanganyela ekuzameni okukhulu kokuzilawula okuchaza umbuso wentando yeningi waseMelika.

Isiphetho

Amalungelo akho ekuvoteleni nasezindaweni zomphakathi akha isisekelo sokuhlanganyela ngentando yeningi e - United States.

Umthetho ophethe lamalungelo uyaqhubeka ushintsha ngokubekwa kwemithetho emisha, izinqumo zenkantolo, nokushintsha izincazelo zezivikelo zomthetho-mthetho. Ukuhlala wazi ngamalungelo akho, ukuqonda ukuthi ungawasebenzisa kanjani ngokuphumelelayo, futhi wazi ukuthi uzokwenzani uma ephule, kuqinisekisa ukuthi ungahlanganyela ngokugcwele ekuphileni komphakathi.

Khumbula ukuthi amalungelo ahambisana nemithwalo yemfanelo. Sebenzisa ilungelo lakho lokuvota kuzo zonke izinqumo. Hlanganyela ngenhlonipho enkulumweni yeningi. Hlanganyela ngokuthula emibhikishweni. Zihlale wazile ngezindaba ezithinta umphakathi wakini.

Intando yeningi iyachuma lapho izakhamuzi zihlanganyela ngentshiseko enqubweni yezombangazwe. Ngokuqonda nokusebenzisa amalungelo akho ezindaweni zokuvota, unezela emphakathini onobulungisa, olinganayo, nomelelelayo. Izindaba zezwi lakho, amanani akho okuvota, nokuhlanganyela kwakho kwenza umehluko.

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe ngamalungelo akho akhethekile nendlela yokuwasebenzisa, vakashela iVote.gov ukuze uthole ulwazi, hlola ihhovisi lesifunda sokhetho lwezimfuneko zikahulumeni, futhi ulwenzele izinhlangano zamalungelo abantu njengaye [ ACLU[ noma isikhungo seJaji [FLT] Brennan's Center for Justice [[ yosizo ngokuphulwa kwamalungelo abantu. [[FLT:]] [[FLT:] U.S].UM.Uhlulo lwezime [[FLT] [[FLT]]] lunikeza futhi izimali ezibanzi ekuvolweni nokutholakala kwemvume yokuthola.[FLT]