Ukuqonda Amalungelo Akho Omphakathi Emsebenzini Nasezindaweni Zomphakathi

Amalungelo omphakathi akha isisekelo somphakathi okhululekile nolinganayo. Baqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umuntu (ongenalo ubandlululo lohlanga, ubulili, inkolo, ukukhubazeka, noma ezinye izici ezivikelwe) angahlanganyela ngokugcwele emsebenzini, ezentengiselwano, nokuphila komphakathi ngaphandle kokwesaba ukucwaswa noma ukuhlukunyezwa. Nokho abantu abaningi abaqapheli ukuthi isivikelo esiqondile abaphethe noma izinyathelo abangathatha uma lawomalungelo ephulwa. Lesiqondiso siphula amalungelo enu omphakathi ezinkundleni ezimbili ezivamile: umsebenzi kanye nezindawo zomphakathi. Ukwazi lezisivikelo kukunika amandla okuzimela wena nabanye, nokuhamba ngethemba.

Izivikelo Eziyisisekelo Zamalungelo Omphakathi

Imithetho yezemalungelo abantu iye yashintsha phakathi namashumi eminyaka ukuze yenqabe ubandlululo ezingxenyeni eziningi zokuphila kwansuku zonke. Izivikelo eziningi eziyisisekelo zivela kuMthetho we-Civil Rights ka-1942 , owenqabela ukucwaswa okusekelwe ngokohlanga, ibala, inkolo, ubulili, noma umsuka wezwe. Imithetho yandisa lezisivikelo ukuze ihlanganise iminyaka yobudala, ukukhubazeka, ulwazi ngezakhi zofuzo, kanye nezinye. Izimiso eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:

  • Isihloko VII soMthetho we-Civil Rights ka-1964 - - inqabela ubandlululo lwemisebenzi olusekelwe ohlangeni, ebala, enkolweni, ebulilini, nasemsuka wesizwe.
  • AmaMelika anoMthetho wokukhubazeka (ADA) – anqabela ukucwaswa kwabantu abakhubazekile emsebenzini, izindawo zomphakathi, ezokuhamba, kanye nezinkonzo zikahulumeni wendawo.
  • Inkathi yokucwasa eMthethweni we-ADEA) – ivikela abantu abaneminyaka engu-40 nangaphezulu kusukela ekucwaseni ngemisebenzi esekelwe obudala.
  • I-Genericture Nondicrinication Act (GINA) - - inqabela abaqashi ukuba basebenzise ulwazi lwezakhi zofuzo ekuqasheni, ekudubulini, noma ekuphakamiseni izinqumo.
  • Umthetho wamalungelo omphakathi ka-1991 – uqinise amakhambi obandlululo ngenhloso kanye nemithwalo ecacisa ubufakazi.

Lemithetho isebenza kubaqashi abaningi abazimele abanezisebenzi ezingu - 15 noma ngaphezulu (20 ngaphansi kwe-ADEA), kanye nezinhlangano zikahulumeni, zikahulumeni, nohulumeni wendawo.

Amalungelo Akho Emsebenzini

Indawo yomsebenzi yilapho abantu abaningi bechitha khona isikhathi sabo sobuhlanya, futhi umthetho kahulumeni uqinisekisa ukuthi awunakuphathwa ngokungafanele ngenxa yalokho oyikho. Izici ezivikelwe ngaphansi komthetho kahulumeni zihlanganisa uhlanga, ibala, inkolo, ubulili (kuhlanganisa ukukhulelwa, indlela yobulili, kanye nobulili), imvelaphi yobuzwe, iminyaka engu-40 noma ngaphezulu), ukukhubazeka, nokwaziswa kwezakhi zofuzo. Imithetho yoMbuso ivame ukunezela isivikelo esimweni somshado, isikhundla sobudokodelashiyashiyana, nokunye.

Ukucasha, Ukukhuthaza Nokukhipha Isigwebo

Ubandlululo lungavela kuzo zonke izigaba zemisebenzi. Phakathi nokuqasha, abaqashi abanakubuza imibuzo ephoqayo, benqabe isicelo sakho, noma babeke izimfuneko ezihlukene ezisekelwe esicini esivikelekile. Ngokwesibonelo, umqashi akanakwenqaba ukuqasha umuntu ofanelekayo ngenxa yenkolo yakhe, futhi ngeke afune indinganiso ethile yokubukeka ethinta abantu bohlanga oluthile ngokungenakuqhathaniswa.

Uma usuqashwe, ukhushuliwe, ukhushulwa, wabelwe imisebenzi, futhi uqeqeshelwe amathuba omsebenzi kumelwe anikezwe ngaphandle kwezici ezivikelekile. Uma ukhushulelwa esikhundleni naphezu kwekhono eliqinile, futhi lowo okhushulelwayo ungowenani elihlukile futhi ongafaneleki kahle, lokho kungaba ubufakazi bokucwasana. Ngokufanayo, izinqumo zokuqeda kumelwe zisekelwe ezizathwini ezingokomthetho zebhizinisi, hhayi ebulunguni bakho ekilasini elivikelekile.

Ukuphindisela kuhilela ukudubula, ukudiliza, ukuhlukumeza, noma ukujezisa othile ngokuqinisa amalungelo awo.

Izindawo Zokuhlala Ezinengqondo

Abaqashi kudingeka banikeze izindawo ezifanele zezisebenzi ezikhubazekile kanye nemikhosi engokwenkolo (ngaphansi kwe-ADA VII). Indawo yokuhlala enengqondo ingukulungiswa noma ukulungisa umsebenzi noma indawo yomsebenzi eyenza umuntu ofanelekayo akwazi ukwenza imisebenzi ebalulekile yomsebenzi. Izibonelo zihlanganisa izimiso zomsebenzi ezishintshiwe, izindawo zokusebenzela ezifinyelelekayo, ubuchwepheshe obusizayo, noma ukuvumela isikhathi sokusebenza.

Indawo yokuhlala akumelwe ibeke i- ubunzima obufanele kumqashi (] kusho ubunzima obubalulekile noma izindleko. Uma indawo yokuhlala ibiza kakhulu noma iphazamisa, umqashi angasikisela enye indlela. Unelungelo lokucela indawo yokuhlala nokuhlanganyela enqubeni yokuxoxa nomqashi wakho ukuthola ikhambi elifanele.

Ukuhlukunyezwa Emsebenzini

Ukuhlukunyezwa kuwuhlobo oluthile lobandlululo oludala isimo somsebenzi esinenzondo. Kuhlanganisa ukuziphatha okungathandeki okusekelwe esicini esivikelwe, njengokuhlambalaza kobuhlanga, amahlaya ahlazisayo, ukusheshisa ngokobulili, noma amazwi alulazayo. Ukuze ukuhlukunyezwa kube okungekho emthethweni, kumelwe kube kubi noma okusakazeke ngokwanele ukuba kubangele isimo sobukhaba, sobutha, noma sokwephula umthetho, noma kuphumele esinqumweni somsebenzi esinzima (njengokudutshulwa).

Bobabili abaphathi nezisebenzi ezikanye nabo bangabangela ukuhlukunyezwa. Abaqashi banomthwalo wemfanelo wokuvimbela nokulungisa ukuhlukunyezwa, kuhlanganise nokuthatha isinyathelo esisheshayo sokulungisa uma bekwazi noma bekwazi. Uma uhlukunyezwa, kufanele ubikele umphathi wakho, iHR, noma nganoma iyiphi inqubo yangaphakathi yokukhononda. Uma umqashi ehluleka ukwenza, ungase ube nokuzisho okungokomthetho.

Ukukhononda Nge - EEOC

Uma ukholelwa ukuthi amalungelo akho aye ophulwe emsebenzini, isinyathelo sokuqala ngokuvamile siwukufaka icala nge- I-Octive Opportunity Commission (EOC). I-EEOC imisa imithetho elawulayo enqabela u-86discrinition. Ngokuvamile unezinsuku eziyi-180 kusukela ngosuku lwekhalenda oluthiwa lungabandlululwa ukuze ubhale icala (kusukela ezinsukwini ezingu-300 uma i-modenti noma i-ocementa yendawo iphoqelela umthetho ofanayo).

Ungafaka intela ehhovisi le-EEOC, ngeposi, noma nge-inthanethi nge-EEOC yomphakathi. I-EEOC izakuhlola, futhi ingazama ukudlulisa noma ukugunyaza. Uma i-EOC ithola isizathu esinengqondo, ingafaka icala lakho noma ikhiphe “imvume yokufaka incwadi yokukhombana.

Isivumelwano: [[QULT: 0] I-EOC ye-website esemthethweni kanye nendlela yokufaka i-flare.

Amalungelo Akho Ezindaweni Zomphakathi

Isivikelo samalungelo omphakathi sidlulela ngalé kwehhovisi. Izindawo zomphakathi njengezindawo zokudlela, amahhotela, izitolo, izitolo, ezokuthutha zomphakathi, amapaki, nezakhiwo zikahulumeni. (izindawo zokuvikela zifanele zivuleke futhi zitholakale kubo bonke, ngaphandle kokucwaswa. Lezi zikhungo zisekelwe ku [ Isihloko II (inkonzo yomphakathi) kanye ne-[FLT] PATIT II [ (indawo yokuhlala yasobala) ye-OFMFLT Act, kanye neminye imithetho.

Izindawo Zomphakathi

Indawo yokuhlala yomphakathi yinoma yiliphi ibhizinisi noma isakhiwo esivulekele umphakathi. Umthetho kaFederal wenqabela lezi zinhlangano ukuba zingabekelwa isisekelo sohlanga, ibala, inkolo, imvelaphi yobuzwe, ukukhubazeka, noma (ezimweni eziningi) ubulili.

Amabhizinisi futhi kumelwe enze ukulungisa okunengqondo ezimisweni, ezenzweni, kanye nezinqubo ukuze kuhlalisane nabantu abakhubazekile, ngaphandle kokuba ukwenza kanjalo kungaguqula kakhulu isimo sezimpahla noma izinkonzo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuvumela izilwane zisetshenziswe, ukunikeza izinsizakalo ezifana nabatoliki bolimi lwezandla, nokuqinisekisa ukwazi ukutholakala ngokomzimba lapho kulula khona.

Izinto Zokuhamba Nezinkonzo Zomphakathi

Zonke izinhlobo zokuthutha komphakathi `amabhuzi, izitimela, izitimela ezihamba ngaphansi komhlaba, izindiza, nemoto, izinkonzo zokuhamba-hamba ," kungatholakala kubantu abakhubazekile nabangenazo izikhundla zokuhlinza. Isethulo sezokuthutha [ sengamele ukugunyaza i-ADA ezimisweni zokuthutha. Abagibeli abanakwenqatshelwa inkonzo noma baphathwe empahleni ehlukile esekelwe ohlwini lohlanga, enkabeni yesizwe, noma kwezinye izici ezivikelweyo.

Izinkonzo zikahulumeni nezohulumeni (njengamaphoyisa, izinkantolo, izikole zomphakathi, nezinhlangano ezifaka i-aDA) zihlanganisiwe yi-Sihloko II se-ADA kanye noMthetho we-Civil Rights Act. La zinhlangano kumelwe zinikeze ukufinyelela okulinganayo futhi zingakhethi ezimisweni nasemisebenzini. Ngokwesibonelo, idolobha kumelwe liqinisekise ukuthi abantu abakhubazekile bangangena emapaki nasemikhankasweni yokuzilibazisa, futhi umnyango wamaphoyisa kumelwe unikeze usizo lolimi kuzikhulumi ezingamaNgilandi.

Zonda Ubugebengu Nokuhlukunyezwa Obala

Uma ubandlululo lukhula lube ubudlova noma izinsongo, lungase lube ubugebengu benzondo. Ukuzonda imithetho yobugebengu ewumbuso (njenge- Matthews Shepard noJames Byrd Jr. Veta Crimes Prevention Act [) kukwenza kube ubugebengu ukubangela ukulimala komzimba ngamabomu. Ukuzama ukwenza kanjalo ngenxa yohlanga lwesisulu, ibala, inkolo, umsuka wesizwe, ubulili, ubulili, ubulili, noma ukukhubazeka. Abaningi bakhona futhi bakhona imithetho yabo yokuzonda ubugebengu enikeza izijeziso ezengeziwe.

Ukuhlukunyezwa ezindaweni zomphakathi ezingakhuphuki zize zibe izinga lobugebengu benzondo bungabe bungasebenza ngaphansi kwemithetho yamalungelo abantu. Unelungelo lokukhululeka ekuhlukunyezweni okunzima noma okuphikelelayo okusekelwe esicini esivikelweni esingokomthetho lapho usebenzisa isikhungo somphakathi. Uma ubhekana nokuhlukunyezwa okunjalo, ubhala isenzakalo, ubika inqubo yomthetho, futhi ucabangela ukuthintana neRoumente yeSishaya-Right Rights Division.

Ukukhononda Ngokucwasana Emkhathini

Uma ubhekene nobandlululo endaweni yomphakathi noma emsebenzini kahulumeni, ungafaka isikhalo nge- ISikhalo soMahluleli (DOLT) noma nenhlangano kahulumeni efanelekile. I-ADA ivumela nokumangalelwa kwangasese okufuna ukukhululeka okungalawuleki nenkokhelo yommeli. Izikhalo ezingezona ze-AntaRADA, ungafaka isikhalo nge-DOJ’s Civil Rights Division ngaphansi kwesihloko II noma i-III ye-gavil Rights Act.

Uma lokho kwehluleka, qoqa ubufakazi (ama-recepips, izithombe, amagama ofakazi) bese ufaka isikhalo esiningiliziwe kuyi-inthanethi noma ngeposi. I-DOJ ingahlola futhi uma kutholakala ukwephula, ulethe icala ukuze uqinisekise amalungelo akho.

Isivumelwano: [[QULT:0] ISivumelwano soMalunga Omphakathi Ohlukanisayo kanye ADA CINCINT [.

Imibuso Nezivikelo Zendawo

Umthetho we-Federal ubeka iphansi, hhayi uphahla. Izifunda nezindawo eziningi ziye zamisa imithetho edlula kude kakhulu isivikelo sikahulumeni. Ngokwesibonelo, ezinye izifundazwe zinqabela ukucwaswa okusekelwe ekubuhlotsheni bobulili nasebuhlotsheni bobulili (obekulokhu kumbozwe ngenxa yokucwaswa kwezingane zobulili, kodwa ezinye izifundazwe zikubeka ngokuqondile. Ezinye zivikela ekucwaseni okusekelwe emthonjeni wemali, ukugcinwa komlando, noma ukuhlangana kwezombangazwe. Izinhlangano zomphakathi namalungelo abantu zivame ukuba nemithetho elinganiselwe efingqiwe kodwa zinganikeza amakhambiza amakhulu, kuhlanganise nezimpahla eziwohlolwayo noma ikhono lokufuna isijeziso.

Kuwukuhlakanipha ukuhlola imithetho esendaweni yakho. Ngokwesibonelo, i-California Fair Account and Hollation Act ihlanganisa amakilasi amaningi engeziwe futhi isebenza kubaqashi abancane (izisebenzi ezibanyathi). Ngokufanayo, uMthetho Wamalungelo Abantu waseNew York ubanzi futhi uyasebenza kubo bonke abaqashi, kungakhathaliseki ubukhulu. Imithetho yendawo emadolobheni anjengeSeattle, iSan Francisco, neDolobha laseNew York inganikeza ngisho nesivikelo esikhulu.

Uma ufaka icala nge-EEOC, kuvame ukudilizwa ne-team ye-ploring ye-odoc (FEPA) ukuze ulondoloze amalungelo akho ngaphansi kwakho kokubili umthetho kahulumeni nombuso. Ngaso sonke isikhathi xhumana nommeli oqonda i-interdive phakathi kwe-guvernet, umbuso, nesivikelo sendawo.

Indlela Yokuqinisekisa Amalungelo Akho

Nalu uhlu oluwusizo okufanele lululandele uma ukholelwa ukuthi amalungelo akho enziwe kabi:

  1. Uxwebhu yonke into. Gcina umagazini onemininingwane wezinsuku, izikhathi, izindawo, abantu abahilelekile, nalokho okushiwo noma okwenziwe. Gcina ama-imeyili, imiyalezo yemiyalezo, ama-imessa, nanoma imiphi imibhalo ehlobene.
  2. [ uveza isici esivikelekile. ubandlululo lufuna ukuba ukuphathwa kabi kuxhunyanwe nohlanga lwakho, ukukhubazeka, ubulili, njll. Uma ungaqiniseki, ummeli angasiza ekuhlaziyeni isimo.
  3. Umbiko ngaphakathi. Uma uphulwa emsebenzini, landela inqubo yokukhononda yomqashi wakho. Ezindaweni zomphakathi, yazisa umphathi noma umxhumanisi wamalungelo enhlangano.
  4. Icala noma isikhalo. emsebenzini, thintana ne-EEOC noma isifundazwe sakho se-FEPA. Ezindaweni zomphakathi, thintana ne-DOJ, i-quare kahulumeni efanelekile (njenge-Umnyango Wezokuhamba wezokukhandleka kokuhamba), noma ummeli wakho jikelele wehhovisi lika-hulumeni.
  5. [[FLT: 0] Cwangcisa ukusabela. Izinhlangano eziningi zinikeza ukuzwana njengendlela yokuxazulula izingxabano ngaphandle kokuzichaza. Kungashesha futhi kungasaphathwa.
  6. Ummeli. Amacala amalungelo omphakathi angaba yinkimbinkimbi. Ummeli onokuhlangenwe nakho angakululeka ngamandla okuzisholo, izikhathi ezimisiwe, namakhambi angenzeka. Abameli abaningi banikeza ukuhlola kokuqala ngesihle.

Uma ungakwazi ukukhokhela ummeli, izinhlangano zosizo olungokomthetho namaqembu angenanzuzo anjenge ACLU noma i-National Asmilict Project yoMsebenzi [ ingakwazi ukusiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-EEOC ne-DOJ azikhokhisi izifekethi zezinkonzo zazo.

Imithombo Yengcebo Eyengeziwe

Ngezansi kunezinhlangano eziyinhloko ezinikeza isiqondiso, ukugcinwa kwemithetho, nokugcinwa kwemithetho:

  • [ I-Octive Opportunity Commission (EOC) – [eoc.gov[
  • ISivumelwano sobulungisa be-Civil Rights Agavision – ubulungisa.gov/crt
  • Inethiwekhi yesiZwe – data.org (inikeza usizo lobuchwepheshe emalungelweni okukhubazeka)
  • Inkululeko Yomphakathi yase-America (ACLU) – [ aclu.org[ (inzuzo ekuhlawuliseni nemfundo yomphakathi)
  • [[QURT:0] Iprojekthi yoMthetho womsebenzi wesizwe (NELEP) – lp.org[ (igxile emalungelweni ezisebenzi)
  • Inhlangano yezwe yakho yamalungelo abantu [ – funa [Isizwe] Ukwahlulwa Kwamalungelo Abantu” noma okufanayo

Amalungelo akho ezakhamuzi awayona imibono engokomthetho engekho ngokomthetho, kodwa ayiyokuvikela nsuku zonke okukuvumela ukuba usebenze, uthenge, uhambe futhi uphile ngaphandle kokwesaba ubandlululo.