Ukuqonda Amalungelo Akho Esine Phakathi Nokuhlola Kwamaphoyisa

ISichibiyelo sesine soMthetho-sisekelo we-United States sinikeza isivikelo esibucayi ekungeneni kohulumeni okungena ezimpahla zakho siqu. Sithi: “Ilungelo labantu lokuphepha kubantu, ezindlini, emaphepheni, nasemiphumeleni, ekuphenyeni okungacabangeli nasekuthuthweni, ngeke liphulwe.” Lesi sigwebo esisodwa sidala uhlelo olungokomthetho olulawulayo olulawula lapho izikhulu zomthetho zingasesha ikhaya lakho, imoto, noma impahla yakho. Ukuqonda lezisivikelo akuyona nje indlela engokomthetho yokusebenza; kuyikhono eliwusizo lokuhamba namaphoyisa kuyilapho ulondoloza amalungelo akho.

Ekujuleni kwayo, iSichibiyelo sesine sifuna ukuba ukuphenya nokuquleka kube “okunengqondo.” Ezimweni eziningi, ukuba nengqondo kusho ukuthi amaphoyisa kumelwe athole isiqinisekiso sokufuna esisekelwe ngokunokwenzeka entweni engenzeka ngaphambi kokungena endlini yangasese noma ukuqhuba ukusesha. Nokho, umthetho uqaphela kahle ukuthi izimpawu eziningi ezingekho lapho imvume idingeka khona. Ukwazi kokubili umthetho ovamile kanye nokungalinganiswa kukunika amandla okwenza izinqumo olwazi lapho uxhumana nomthetho.

Imfuneko Eqaphile: Imbangela Efanele Nokuhluka

Isiqinisekiso sokufuna siyisiqinisekiso esingokomthetho esikhishwa umahluleli ongathathi hlangothi noma imantshi ogunyaza amaphoyisa ukuba ahlole indawo ethile yezinto ezithile. Ukuze athole imvume, izikhulu kumelwe zinikeze i-ffidavit ebonisa ukuthi kungenzeka", amathuba okuba ubufakazi bobugebengu butholakale endaweni okumelwe buphenywe. Imvume futhi ichaze indawo okumelwe ihlolwe futhi izinto ezizobanjwa ukuphamba [. Lokhu kuvimbela ukuphenya, ukuphenya nokulinganisela kwamaphoyisa.

Uma amaphoyisa efika emnyango wakho nencwadi egunyaza ukuyifunda, unelungelo lokuyibhala futhi uqinisekise ukuthi iqamba igama lekheli lakho futhi ichaze izindawo nezinto ezihlongoza ukuzifuna. Imvume ayinikezi izikhulu igunya elingenamkhawulo; bangahlola kuphela izindawo lapho izinto ezisohlwini ezingafihlwa khona ngokunengqondo. Ngokwesibonelo, imvume egunyaza ukuphenya ithelevishini eyebiwe ngeke ivumele izikhulu ukuba zivule ibhokisi elincane lobucwebe.

Uma imvume ingasebenzi, ngokwesibonelo, uma ingenayo imbangela okungenzeka ukuthi ikhona noma ibanzi kakhulu, noma iziphi izimpawu ezibanjwe ngaphansi kwayo zingavinjelwa kamuva enkantolo. Ukuthinta ummeli wesivikelo ngokushesha ngemva kokufuna isiqinisekiso kubalulekile ukuze kulondolozwe leyonselele.

Abahlukile Endinganisweni Eqaphile

Lokhu kushiyeka kusekelwe embonweni wokuthi izimo ezithile zenza umthetho ube ongasebenzi noma ube ongadingekile. Ukuqonda izimpawu ezivamile kubalulekile ngoba ngokuvamile zivela lapho amaphoyisa ehlangana khona njalo.

Ukuhlola Okuvunyelwe

Uma uvuma ngokukhululekile futhi ngokuzithandela ukusesha, amaphoyisa awadingi imvume. Ukuvuma kunganikezwa ngamazwi noma ngezenzo (njengokuphambuka nokufaka umngenisi). Nokho, akudingeki ukuba uvume. Unelungelo lokuthi, “Angivumi ukuphenya.” Uma wenza kanjalo], amaphoyisa kumelwe athole isiqinisekiso noma athembele kwenye indawo ehlukile. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi amaphoyisa angazama ukukucindezela ngokusikisela ukuthi athole isiqinisekiso esingokomthetho uma nje singekho. Ukuthula nokuthula kwakho kusenzweni kahle.

2. Izimo Ezibi

Uma kuvela isimo esiphuthumayo esisongela ukuphila, ukulondeka, noma ukubhujiswa kobufakazi, amaphoyisa angangena afune imvume. Izibonelo ezivamile zihlanganisa ukuzwa ukukhala kosizo, ukubona intuthu noma umlilo, noma ukuba nesizathu esizwakalayo sokukholelwa ukuthi ubufakazi buzobhujiswa. Uhulumeni unomthwalo wokuqinisekisa ukuthi izimo ezicacisiwe zazikhona ngempela. Uma ukholelwa ukuthi amaphoyisa afika ngaphandle kwesimo esiphuthumayo, kubekelwe inselele ukuphetho kamuva ngosizo lommeli.

3. Funa Isizathu Sokuboshwa Okungokomthetho

Ngemva kokuboshwa ngokomthetho, izikhulu zingase zihlole umuntu oboshiwe kanye nendawo eseduze lapho zifika khona (ibanga elibanzi”) ngaphandle kwemvume. Lokhu kushiyeka kukhona ukuze kuvikelwe ukuphepha kwesikhulu futhi kuvinjelwe ukubhujiswa kobufakazi. Ukuphenywa kuphelela endaweni lapho umuntu angase afinyelele khona isikhali noma alahle ubufakazi. Ukuze aboshwe ekhaya, lokhu kuvumela ukuphenywa ngokuphelele kwendlu yonke; kuvala kuphela igumbi lapho ukuboshwa kwakhe kufikelwa khona futhi kufikelwe khona.

4. Umbono Ongamanga

Uma amaphoyisa ekhona ngokomthetho endaweni futhi ebona uphazamiso noma ubufakazi bungavumelekile (umz., isikhwama sezidakamizwa esisesihlaloni esingaphambili semoto phakathi nokuma kwemoto), angasithatha ngaphandle kwemvume. Isikhulu kumelwe singene ngokomthetho endaweni futhi kumelwe siqaphele ngokushesha ukuthi into iwubufakazi. Lokhu akuvumeli amaphoyisa ukuba asuse izinto ukuze abone ukuthi yini efihliwe; kuvala kuphela okubonakalayo endaweni esemthethweni.

Ukuhlola I - vehicle

Ngenxa yendlela ehamba ngayo izimoto, iNkantolo Ephakeme iye yenza igeleze. Uma kungenzeka ukuba amaphoyisa abe nesizathu sokukholelwa ukuthi imoto inobufakazi bobugebengu, bangase bafune yonke imoto − kuhlanganise namabhokisi avalweyo phakathi kwayo − ngaphandle kwemvume. Lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi imoto ehambayo ehamba ngokuthungathayo [. Phakathi nokuma okuvamile kwezimoto, amaphoyisa angayala umshayeli nabagibeli ukuba baphume emotweni, kodwa ngokuvamile badinga imvume yokuhlola noma ukuthatha ibhodini lomkhumbi noma i-mgibeli ngaphandle kokuba basola ngokunengqondo ukuthi izikhali zikhona.

6. Yima NeFrisk (Ukuma Kwesimo Somsindo)

Ngaphansi kwe-Terry v. Ohio (1968), amaphoyisa angase avambe umuntu okwesikhashana uma esola ngokunengqondo izenzo zobugebengu. Uma futhi esola ngokunengqondo ukuthi lowo muntu uhlomile futhi uyingozi, angase athathe ibhande elilinganiselwe lezingubo zangaphandle zezikhali. Lokhu akukhona ukufuna ubufakazi obuphelele; injongo yawo iwukhuseleko lwesikhulu. Uma ipattatucle iveza into ezwakala njengesikhali, amaphoyisa angayithatha.

Amalungelo Akho Phakathi Nokufuna Kwamaphoyisa

Ukwazi amalungelo akho ngesikhathi uhlola kungakusiza ukuba ugweme ukuwakhipha ungahlosile. Izinyathelo ezilandelayo ziyatuswa uma amaphoyisa ezama ukusesha indawo yakho:

  • Buza uma ukhululekile ukuhamba. Uma ungaboshiwe futhi ukuhlangana kuyinto engekho, unelungelo lokuhamba. Uma isikhulu sithi awukhululekile ukuhamba, uyaboshwa, futhi ukuxhumana kukhula.
  • usho ngokucacile ukuthi awuvumi. Yithi “Angivumi ukuphenya.” Ungaphiki ngokomzimba, kodwa qinisa ukwenqaba kwakho ngamazwi. Ngisho noma amaphoyisa efuna, ukuphikisa kwakho kulondoloza ilungelo lakho lokuvivinya ukuphenya kamuva.
  • Cela ukubona isiqinisekiso sokufuna. Uma isikhulu sithi sinesiqinisekiso, sicele ukusibona. Qaphela ukuthi isiqinisekiso sisayinwe umahluleli, hlela ikheli lakho, futhi uchaze izinto okumelwe zifunwe. Ungaphazanyiswe ngokuseshwa, kodwa phawula noma yikuphi ukuphikisana.
  • Ungathuli ngaphandle kokuzichaza. Unelungelo lokuthula ngaphansi kweSichibiyelo sesihlanu. Ungaphenduli imibuzo ngemisebenzi yakho, impahla yakho, noma isizathu sokufuna. Ngokufanelekile yisho, “Ngiyalisebenzisa ilungelo lami lokuthula futhi ngingathanda ukukhuluma nommeli.”
  • Ungavimbeli noma uqambe amanga. Uvimbele ukuseshwa noma unikeze ukwaziswa okungamanga kungaholela ekuboshweni ukuze kuvinjelwe ubulungisa noma kunikeze izinkulumo ezingamanga. Ithuluzi lakho elingcono kakhulu lingu ukugomela amalungelo akho, hhayi ukumelana ngokomzimba[.
  • Yaqopha ukuhlangana uma kungenzeka. Ezizweni eziningi, unelungelo lokuthatha amafilimu amaphoyisa afeza imisebenzi yawo engokomthetho ezindaweni zomphakathi. Umbiko wevidiyo ungaba ubufakazi obungenakuqhathaniswa uma kamuva ubekela inselele ngokomthetho wokuhlola. Ungazithinti izikhulu lapho uqopha.

Lokho Okumelwe Ukwenze Ngemva Kokufuna

Lapho nje ukuphenya sekuphelele, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izikhulu zithola ubufakazi, thatha izinyathelo zokuvikela izithakazelo zakho ezingokomthetho:

  1. Uxwebhu lonke. bhala phansi usuku, isikhathi, nendawo yophendlo. Qaphela amagama nezinombolo zamabheji zezikhulu ezihilelekile, kanye nofakazi. Chaza kahle ukuthi yini eyaseshwa (amagumbi, izitsha zokuphatha, izimoto) nokuthi, uma kukhona, yini eyabanjwa.
  2. [ Ungaxoxi noyedwa ngaphandle kommeli wakho. Noma yini oyisho kubangane, kumndeni, noma ngisho nasengxoxweni yamaphoyisa ungayisebenzisa ngokumelene nawe. Buyisela yonke imibuzo kummeli wakho.
  3. [[IFLT:0] Iqopha umlando we-ectronic ne-electronic. Uma uqopha ukuhlangana, gcina ifayela lokuqala. Gcina noma imapishi, amabhukwana, noma izithombe ezibonisa isimo sempahla yakho ngaphambi nangemva kokusesha.
  4. Ngokushesha kuhlangane nommeli wolwembulela ubugebengu, ikakhulukazi uma kubanjwa ubufakazi. Ummeli angahlola ukuthi ukuphenya kuwephula yini amalungelo eSichibiyelo sesine futhi uma kunjalo, kuthathe isinyathelo sokucindezela ubufakazi. Ukucindezelwa kungaholela ekuxoshweni kwamacala.
  5. Uma kungekho kumangalelwa okubekweyo, cabangela ukuvala isikhalo. Ungafaka isikhalo eqenjini lamaphoyisa noma ibhodi yongamele i-othoric uma ukholelwa ukuthi uphenywa kungenziwa ngokungafanele. Ummeli angakululeka kulenqubo.

Izindlela Zokunqanda ISichibiyelo Sesine

Uma amaphoyisa enza uphendlo olungekho emthethweni (olungekho ngokomthetho, oluvunyelwe, noma olusemthethweni) ikhambi eliyinhloko yimthetho wobukhoma. Ngaphansi kwalomthetho, ubufakazi obutholakalayo ngokwephula iSichibiyelo sesine ngokuvamile abunakusetshenziswa enkantolo yobugebengu. Lenqubo yokuvimbela iklanyelwe ukukhuthaza amaphoyisa ukuba alandele izimfuneko zomthetho-mthethwe-sisekelo. Nokho, umthetho owe-pastyhefu une-msche (njenge- ukholo oluhle” ngaphandle lapho izikhulu zithembele khona ngokunengqondo esabelweni esithola ukuthi sinephutha kamuva).

Kwezinye izimo, ungase ulethe ukumangalelwa komphakathi ngaphansi kuka-42 U.S.C. ngo1943 ngokumelene nezikhulu noma inxusa lomthetho lokwephulwa kwamalungelo akho omthetho-sisekelo. Lokhu kungaphumela ekulimaleni kwemali ekuhlaseleni kwezindaba zomuntu siqu, ukucindezeleka okungokomzwelo, noma ukulimala kwempahla. Ukuze uphumelele, kudingeka ubonise ukuthi izikhulu zenza ngokungenangqondo nokuthi zazingenalungelo lokuzivikela.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma lokhu kuhlola kuhilela ukuphoqelelwa ngokweqile noma okunye ukuziphatha okubi, kungase kwenzeke ukumangalelwa ngecala kwamaphoyisa, nakuba lokhu kuyivelakancane futhi ngokuvamile kuphishekelwa abashushisi - jikelele bakahulumeni noma abameli - jikelele.

Izinganekwane Ezivamile Ngamalungelo ESichibiyelo Sesine

Nazi izinganekwane ezimbalwa ezicashiwe:

  • thyth: Amaphoyisa kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi abonise i-ID ngaphambi kokusesha. I-FACT: abaphathi-mikhosi abadingekile ukuziveza uma benesiqinisekiso noma besebenza ngaphansi kwemvume, nakuba ngokuvamile benza ngokuhlukile. Ungacela, kodwa ababophekile ngokomthetho ukuba bavumelane nazo zonke izifunda.
  • [[FLT: 0] Myth: Uma ungenalutho lokufihla, kufanele uvume ekufuneni. Fact:[ Ivumela amalungelo akho eSichibiyelo sesine. Ngisho noma ungenacala, ukuphenya kungaholela ekuqondeni kabi noma ekutholeni izinto ezingaqondani ezingasetshenziswa kuwe (umzz., isibhamu esingelutho, ibhodlela lika-active board).
  • Myth: Amaphoyisa adinga imvume yokusesha imoto yakho lapho kumiswa khona izimoto. Fact: Njengoba kuchazwe ngenhla, ukunqamuka kwemoto kuvumela ukuphenya okungenazimvume uma izikhulu zikhona ngokunokwenzeka. Futhi, uma umshayeli noma umgibeli evuma, akukho sizathu esidingekayo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Imvume ivumela amaphoyisa ukuba afune noma yini, noma kuphi ekhaya lakho. Isivumelwano silinganiselwe ezindaweni ezichazweyo nezifunwayo. Ngokwesibonelo, imvume yamaelektroniki ebiwe ngeke ivumele amaphoyisa ukuvula izinhlamvu zomuntu siqu noma ifriji.

Amacebiso Awusizo Okuvikela Amalungelo Akho

  • Amaphoyisa angakwazi ukungena ngaphandle komthetho noma umlomo oyimfihlo. Ungawuvuli umnyango ngaphandle kokuba uzimisele ukuvuma noma uma benomthetho.
  • Uma amaphoyisa engqongqoza, ungakhuluma ngefasitela noma ngesango elivalekile. Buza ukuthi “Iyini injongo yokuhambela kwakho?” Uma bethi banemvume, cela ukuyibona ngefasitela noma ngensi komnyango ngaphambi kokuba uvulwe.
  • Uma uboshiwe noma uboshiwe, cela ilungelo lakho lokuthula futhi ucele ummeli ngokushesha.
  • Ngazi ngekhanda inkulumo ethi “Angivumi ukuphenya. Ngisebenzisa ilungelo lami lokuthula. Ngifuna ummeli.” Yiphinde ngomoya ophansi uma kudingekile.
  • Yazi ukuthi ukuwasebenzisa kabi amalungelo akho akulona uphawu lobuthakathaka, kodwa kuyisinqumo esingokomthetho esinemiphumela.

Imithombo Yangaphandle

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe okuningiliziwe, bhekisela kule mithombo elandelayo:

Isiphetho

ISichibiyelo sesine siyisivikelo esinamandla sokufihla imfihlo nesithunzi. Nakuba indawo engokomthetho ingaba yinkimbinkimbi, izimiso eziyisisekelo zicacile: amaphoyisa ngokuvamile kumelwe abe nesiqinisekiso esisekelwe entweni okungenzeka ukuba ikhona ukuze aphenye ikhaya lakho, futhi unelungelo lokwenqaba ukuvuma, ukuthula, nokuthinta ummeli. Ngokuqonda amalungelo akho nendlela yokuwaqinisa ngomoya ophansi nangenhlonipho, ungasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuba ukugcinwa komthetho kuhlale ngaphakathi kwemingcele yomthetho. Uma ukuphenya kuvela ngokomthetho noma kungagunyaziwe, futhi ungasitholi iseluleko esingokomthetho. Isakhamuzi esifundile sivikela kangcono ekuphathweni uhulumeni okungenangqondo.