Amapulatifomu aqala ukuguqula indlela abantu abaqomisana ngayo, inkantolo, futhi bakha ubuhlobo obuhlala njalo. Lokho okwaqala njengendawo yokuxoxa nabantu namawebhusayithi alawula izimo ze-dilplat eziyizigidigidi zezigidi ezihlangene nezigidi emhlabeni wonke. Njengoba la mapulatifomu enza izibopho eziqinile, inani elandayo lemibhangqwana ekhetha ukuvumelanisa ubuhlobo bayo emshadweni, inkantolo, futhi yakha ubuhlobo obufanayo obuhambisana nobuchwepheshe. Lokhu kushintsha kwaqala imibuzo enzima engokomthetho: Ingabe imishadoba ngemishini eqophanayo esemthethweni egunyaza i-injini? Izimiso ezinjalo zihlangana naziphi izivikelo ezihlukene? Futhi kunjani ukusingatha imicimbi efanayo kanye nokuqashelwa kwemigqa? Ukuqonda indawo akubalulekile kuphela ukuba imibhangqwana ishade kodwa futhi ihlelwe ngochwepheshe bezomthetho, abaqondisisebenzi bale komiti abasha abasebenza kulendawo entsha?

Ukuziphendukela Kwemithetho Yomshado Enkathini Yezinombolo

Umshado njengenhlangano engokomthetho ngokwesiko usekelwe ekuziphatheni ngokomzimba, emikhosini efakazelwayo, nasephepheni. Nokho, ukuhlanganiswa ngokushesha kobudlelwane bomphakathi kuye kwaphoqelela abenzi bomthetho ukuba baphinde bahlole lezi zakhi zesisekelo. Ubhadane lwe-COVID-19 lwasebenza njengesandulela, lusheshisa ukwamukelwa kwemikhosi yomshado ekude neyodwa. Ohulumeni abaningi banciphisa izimfuneko ze-apointspion, bavumela imibhangqwana ukuba ikhubaze ngevidiyo eyisiteji. Lolu shintsho lwalungesona nje isikhawulo sokuyeka ukuthatha i-gap; lwabangela izinguquko ezingeni eziningana, ukushada okunezinqunyiwe ngokwezilinganiso kungene shí ngaphakathi eqenjini engokomthetho.

Ukusuka Emikhosini Engokwesiko Kuya Ezindaweni Ezingokoqobo

Ngokomlando, umshado wadinga ukubuthana okungokomzimba kombhangqwana, i-officint, nofakazi. Ukumiswa komshado kwakuyisenzo somphakathi esihloselwe ukuvimbela ukukhwabanisa, ukuqinisekisa imvume yamahhala, nokumisa umbhalo ocacile. Namuhla, ubuchwepheshe busiza imibhangqwana ukuba ihlangane, ivuse umshado, futhi ngisho nokushada ngaphandle kokuba iphume ekamelweni elinye. Imikhosi yezentengiselwano yenkolo . Imikhosi ye-Diandrever-iam(isebenza ngamapulatifomu afana ne-Cream, Skype, noma izinkonzo zomshado ezinikezelwe kuyi-intanethi zihloselwe ukuqashelwa ngokomthetho ezindaweni eziningi, uma nje inamathela eziqondisweni ezithile ze-proccualcual. Ngokwesibonelo, uMbusi waseNew York u-Androme wakhipha uhlelo lwe-ader ngo-2020 imishadouni yokuthatha ilayisenselansi ekude futhi yenza imikhosi yemicio ye-vidiyo. Izigaba eziningi zalandelana, futhi zale ngokomthetho eziningi.

Indima Yobuchwepheshe Ekuxazululeni Imishado

Amaplatifomu okuqomisana akuwona nje abenzi bamatheko abangenzi lutho; abaningi manje banikeza izinkonzo ezihlangeneyo ukuze basize imibhangqwana ukuba ithathe isinyathelo esilandelayo. Ngokwesibonelo, amapulatifomu anjenge-Tinder kanye ne[FLT]OKCUID[[ iveze izici ezenza abasebenzisi bakwazi ukubonisa izifiso zabo zobuhlobo, kuhlanganise nomshado. Amanye amapulatifomu agxila ngisho nakwenzelwa ezibophekweni ezinde kanye nezinyunyana ezingokomthetho ngalé komdlalo wokuqala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkonzo zomshado ezinikezelwe kuwe-inthaneti zenza imisebenzi enjalo yezomshado. [[FLDLD:] [FLD] [FLD] [FLD] imibhangqwana ehlangeneyo.[FLD] i-ondm] imisa inqubo yomthetho yezobuchwepheshe yokubhalisa inqubo yezomthetho.

Ukuqashelwa Ngokusemthethweni Kwemishado Yase - Internet: Ukubukeza Kwamacala Ecala

Izimo ezingokomthetho zemishado eyakhiwa ngezindawo zokuphola kuyi-inthanethi, noma ngemikhosi ehlanganisa izenzakalo eziphawulekayo ezisemingceleni yezwe nezwe. Nakuba izifunda eziningi zivumelanisa imishado yemishini, ezinye zibeka izimfuneko eziqinile ezingabangela ukuba isibopho singasebenzi. Ukuqonda lokhu kungafani kubaluleke kakhulu emibhangqwana, ikakhulukazi ehlala emazweni noma emazweni ahlukene.

I-United States: State-by- State Advocess

E-United States, imithetho yomshado ilawulwa ngokuyinhloko ngokwezinga likahulumeni. Izimfuneko eziningi manje zivumela imikhosi yomshado esobala ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Izimfuneko ezivamile zihlanganisa ukuthi i-oxianiant kumelwe ibe khona ngokomzimba esimweni esifanayo nanoma isigaba esisodwa, ukuthi ofakazi babheka umkhosi uphila (kaningi ngevidiyo), futhi ukuthi wonke amaqembu ayavuma ngokukhululekile. Isibonelo, [[FLT:] [[FLT]] i-Californiania[[ ivumela imicimbi yevidiyo ukuba ivumela imishado ukuba ihambele uma kokubili amaqembu namalungu e-othiyanitiant ebona futhi ezwa ngokucacile, futhi ezwa omunye nomunye, futhi ukhona ngokomzimba esimweni. [[FLT] [FLT:] [3] u - Utahdrust, uvumela imishadooted transtedmin, ngokwezinye iziyalezo ezingokomthetho ezingokomthetho ezingokomthetho zamuva zezenziwayo, kuphinde imikhosi.[intshile]

I - United Kingdom: I - Act Yomshado Nezici Ezingokoqobo

I-United Kingdom ithatha indlela ethatha i-software. Umthetho we-Roumedia 1949 (nomthetho ofana nawo e-Scotland nase-Northern Ireland) ufuna ukuba imishado iqhutshwe esakhiweni esibhaliwe noma ezindaweni ezivunyelwe, uma kukhona unobhala noma ugunyaziwe ukuba i-officiet, futhi enawo ofakazi ababili. Phakathi nalesi sifo, uhulumeni wavumela imishado yamavidiyo ekude ukuba imibhangqwana engakwazi ukuhamba ngenxa yemithetho yempilo, kodwa lena yayiyizinyathelo zesikhashana. Ngonyaka ka-2025, i-UK ayizange ivunyelwe ngokuphelele imikhosi esemthethweni. Nokho, imibhangqwana eshada nge-intanethi engaphandle ingase iqashe imishadolwe nge-UK ngaphansi kwezimiso zamazwe azimele uma imishadoba izwe lapho ingenziwa khona.

Ezinye Izinsolo Eziphawulekayo

I-Australia ivumela imishado ukuba yenziwe ngokuxhumanisa okuzwakalisiweyo kuphela uma i-operant ise-Australia futhi enye yezinxulumani ikhona nase-Australia. ISichibiyelo somshado sa 2021 sasungula amalungiselelo esikhashana, kodwa ukuqashelwa okuhlala njalo kuhlala kulinganiselwe. iCanada inikeza ukuhlukana okufanayo: i-Ontario ne-British Columbia ivumela imikhosi esobala, nakuba ezinye izifundazwe zidinga ukuba khona ngokoqobo. [[FLD:0] EUPUPAN Union [1] amazwe, aqapheleka kakhulu. I-Netherlands ivumela imishado ne-intanethi engaphakathi kuphela ezimweni ezingavamileyo (umz. g., izimo zempilo), nakuba i-Estonia, yaziwaziwayo ngenxa yohlelo lwayo olusemthethweni, kodwa idinga imikhosi engokoqobo ukuze izenze imishadolo yomthetho. [FLGenest] [F] [FF] [FF]

Izimfuneko Ezingokomthetho Ezibalulekile Zomshado Osemthethweni Otholakala Kuyi - Internet

Naphezu kwemithetho engafani, ezinye izici eziyisisekelo zidingeka emhlabeni wonke ukuze umshado usebenze ngokomthetho, kodwa futhi kungabi yi - Internet noma ngaphandle kolayini. Ukwehluleka ukuhlangabezana nalezi zimfuneko kungaphumela ekubeni umshado ungabi nalutho noma ungabi nalutho.

Ukungavumelani, Ubudala, Nekhono

Bobabili abahilelekile kumelwe banikeze imvume mahhala futhi bazi. Amapulatifomu a-Online kumelwe aqinisekise ukuthi abahlanganyelayo baneminyaka engokomthetho (ngokuvamile engu-18 ezindaweni eziningi, nakuba abanye bevumela iminyaka yobusha ngemvume yabazali) futhi benamandla engqondo ukuqonda isimo somshado. I-Coercion, ukukhwabanisa, noma ukudakwa kungaqeda imvume ngisho noma umkhosi ubonakala usebenza. Ividiyo eqophayo [ yalemikhosi ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukufakazela ukuthi izifungo zombili ngokuzikhethela.

Abagunyazwa Abaphathi NoFakazi

Izindawo eziningi zidinga ukuba umuntu omisa umshado avunyelwe ngokomthetho, ngokwesibonelo, umahluleli, ukwahlulela kokuthula, abefundisi abagunyaziwe, noma izikhulu zomphakathi ezibhaliwe. Kuyimikhosi, i-opiciant kumelwe ibe negunya egunyeni lapho umshado uqashelwa khona ngokomthetho. OFakazi futhi ngokuvamile kudingeka (kakhulu kakhulu ababili), futhi kumelwe bakwazi ukugcina lo mkhosi ngesikhathi sangempela, ngisho noma ngokuxhumana ngevidiyo. Abanye bathi ofakazi kufanele babe khona ngokoqobo endaweni efanayo njenge-opictiant noma okungenani iqembu elilodwa.

Umnikeli nokubhalisela

Yonke imishado idinga ilayisense yomshado ekhishwa yigunya elifanele (umz., umabhalane wesifunda sase-US). Imibhangqwana kumelwe ifake isicelo sephepha-mvume kumuntu noma nge-intanethi kuye ngemithetho yendawo. Ngemva komkhosi, i-opiciant kumelwe ifake isitifiketi somshado ngehhovisi likahulumeni elifanele. Imishado ye-intanethi, le nqubo ingafakwa ngokulandelana: amanye amapulatifomu anikeza i-tectation elondekile yokungagunyazisi nomthetho oqondile. Nokho, kuwumthwalo wombhangqwana ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izakhiwo ezilungile ziphelile futhi zingeniswe ngemikhawulo yemithetho engokomthetho. Ukwehluleka ukubhalisa umshado ngokushesha ngeke kuyenze lukhuni isibopho; izinkantolo zingamukela obunye ubufakazi bomkhosi.

Amalungelo Nesivikelo Kubantu Abashadile

Uma sekuqashelwa ngokomthetho, umshado unikeza inqwaba yamalungelo nesivikelo okuthinta kakhulu ukuphila kombhangqwana okungokwezimali, komphakathi, nokungokomthetho. Imibhangqwana eshada ngamapulatifomu e-inthanethi inelungelo lokuthola isivikelo esifanayo naleso esiba nemikhosi engokwesiko.

Izinzuzo Zentela Nezezimali

Imibhangqwana eshadile ingafaka amafasidi entela eboshelwe ndawonye, okungaphumela ekubekeni intela ephansi ("Inani eliphakeme") noma, kwezinye izimo, isijeziso. E-United States, imibhangqwana eshadile ingadlulisela izinto phakathi kwayo ngaphandle kwentela yesipho, futhi iminikelo ye-IRA engokomthetho ivunyelwe. Amazwe amaningi anikeza intela noma izikweletu zentela ezibolekisanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umshado uvame ukuthinta ukungeneliseki ngenxa yezinzuzo zikahulumeni ezinjengenzuzo ze-Social Security, izinzuzo zomuntu owezwayo, nemposo yomphakathi. Inzuzo eqondile yezimali ixhomeke emalini eholweni yombhangqwana ngamunye, imvume yokukhokha intela elawula imingcele.

Ifa Namalungelo Empahla

Amalungelo efa lomshado ayisisekelo somshado. Ngaphandle kwentando, umngane womshado osele udla ifa elikhulu (noma lonke) lendawo yabafileyo ngaphansi kwemithetho yokungatholi mvume. Intando eyenziwa ngaphambi komshado ivame ukuqedwa ngokuzenzekelayo emshadweni kwezinye izindawo, iphoqelela ukuba kuthathwe kabusha amalungiselelo ezindawo zomshado. Imibhangqwana eshadile futhi inelungelo lokuhlala ekhaya lomshado kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubani ophethe isiqu, futhi ezindaweni zomphakathi (umzz., California, Texas), inzuzo nempahla etholakala phakathi komshado. Imishado neyangaphakathi akufanele ibhekane nokucwaswa kulezi zindawo uma zisemthethweni.

Ukwenziwa Kwesinqumo Sezokwelapha Nelungelo Eliningi

Umngane womshado uqashelwa njengomenzi wesinqumo sezokwelapha owehlulekayo uma omunye ekhubazekile, engekho i-post yomnyango wezokwelapha. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ilungelo lokuvakashela esibhedlela, amarekhodi ezokwelapha, kanye nokuvuma ukwelashwa. Abaphilwa nabo bajabulela amalungelo asobala: ezimisweni eziningi ezingokomthetho, omunye angeke aphoqelelwe ukuba afakazele omunye enkantolo (ilungelo eliyisiqinisekiso esingokomthetho), kanye nokuxhumana okuyimfihlo phakathi kwabangane bomshado.

Izinselele Nezingozi Emshadweni Osebenzisa I - Internet

Imishado etholakala kuyi - Internet iletha izingozi eziyingqayizivele imibhangqwana okumelwe ilandele ngokucophelela ukuze ithole ukuthi isemthethweni awuqinisekile, iphambani, futhi ishaya umthetho, ingakulimaza ukufaneleka kwesibopho noma ibangele ikhanda elihambisana nemithetho.

Ukuphikisana Okubangelwa I - Jurisdictal Nokuqashelwa Kwesiphambano

Inselele enkulu ingxabano yokulawula. Umshado owenziwa nge-website lapho i-officiant ise-New York, omunye umbango useFlorida, futhi omunye eLondon angase asebenze eNew York kodwa hhayi e-UK noma eFlorida uma imithetho yawo ihlukile. Izimpikiswano ze i-domilia[[FLT:] no- no- umthetho womthetho [ ngokuvamile uvela. Amazwe amaningi asebenzisa isimiso [[FLT:] [[FLT] i-oct:] ukugubha [iicis losis [[FLT] [iright:] [ult:] [umthetho] [od] [indlela] wokwenziwa''' nomthetho wendawo yokugubha] ukuqaphela imishado, kodwa inqubo yomphakathi ikhona. Isibonelo esivamile somthetho esivamile sikhona ngomthetho owezwezwe ukuthi uvunyelwe ukuba uvivivinjelwe yizwe yize imishazwe yize noma imisha, noma imisha,

Ukukhohlisa Nemishado YamaSham

Imishado yangaphakathi isengozini kakhulu yokuphambana ngenxa yokuthi kungenzeka abagxambukelani abangazange bahlangane ngokoqobo ngaphambi komkhosi. Iziphathimandla zingahlola ukuhlangana okunjalo ukuze zithole ubufakazi bemishado yamachashaza − ingena kuphela ngenxa yezinzuzo zokufuduka, intela, noma ezinye izisusa ezicatshangelweyo. Lapho ziphenya, izikhulu ezithuthayo ngokuvamile zifuna ubufakazi bobuhlobo obuqotho, obufana nokuhlangenwe nakho kokuphila, ukuhlalisana kwabantu (kungakho konke okungenzeka emishadweni yolayini), futhi ubufakazi obungaguquguquki. Umshado obakhelwe kuphela nge-we-we - Internet wesitedibo ngaphandle komhlangano wemvelo ungasolwa. Imibhangqwana kufanele igcine isiqinisekiso esiphelele sobuhlobo bayo somlando / emails, izingobo zokuxoxa, izithombe, izithombe, ividiyo DVD .

Imibandela Engokwesiko

Ama-litch obuchwepheshe phakathi nomkhosi (umz., isikhala sevidiyo, isigaba esingakwazi ukuzwa izifungo) singaphakamisa imibuzo ngokuphathelene nokusebenza kwemvume. Ezinye izifundazwe zidinga ukuba izifungo zishintshwe "ebusweni" zobukho" nofakazi, futhi ukudla kwevidiyo kungase kunganelisi lemfuneko evamile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ummeli we-gastian engunya elisebusweni obuhlobene (umz., azimiselwanga noma zibhaliswe), umshado ungase udingene lutho, noma umbhangqwana ungase udingenze umkhosi wesibili, emkhosini we-person. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa i-gamedia ehloniphekile esemthethweni esemthethweni esendaweni lapho umshado uzakubhaliswa khona.

Izinyathelo Eziwusizo Kubantu Abashadile Abahlela Ukushada Nge - Internet

Uma ibhekene nezinkinga ezingase zibe khona, imibhangqwana kufanele ingene emshadweni we - Internet nge - “ne - Internet ” efanayo, uma kungeyona into enkulu, njengomshado wesiko. Ukuthatha izinyathelo ezingokomthetho nezingokomthetho kungavimbela izingxabano zesikhathi esizayo.

Ukuhlola Ngokomthetho Ngaphambi Komshado

Yenza ummeli womthetho womkhaya osebenza ngokuqapha imishado enqamulenayo noma ehamba ngemishini. Bangacebisa ngegunya elingcono kakhulu lomkhosi, baqinisekise ukuvumelana nazo zonke izimfuneko ezingokomthetho, futhi baxoxe ngemiphumela yokufuduka, ukuhlelwa kwendawo, nesehlukaniso. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma umbhangqwana uzimisele ukuthatha indawo ethile ngemva komshado. Abameli abaningi banikeza ukuhlola okukude, okufanelana ngokwemvelo nohlobo lwezinombolo lwesibopho.

Ukukhetha I - platform Noma I - opicist

Akuwona wonke amafektha omshado e-inthanethi akhiwa ngendlela elinganayo. Gwema amapulatifomu anesimiso esingokomthetho esicacile, asebenzise izigebengu, futhi anikeze ukusekela okusemthethweni okuya ekupheleni okuhlanganisa ukusebenzisa ilayisense, umcimbi, nokuhlohla. Qinisekisa ukuthi i-oxiant iqashelwa esizweni noma ezweni lapho umshado uzohlelwa kahle khona. Gwema "ukumiswa" kwezigayo ezingavunyelwe ezindaweni zonke. [[FLT: 0] Funda izibukezo ze-inqumo ze-mfonso ye-mfono [ u-oct:1] bese uhlola nge-bhulomu lomshado wendawo ukuze uqinisekise izamukele izitifiketi zesikhululo.

Ukuqinisekisa Ukubhaliswa Okufanele

Ungathathi ukuthi lo mkhosi wodwa udala umshado osemthethweni. Isitifiketi somshado kumelwe sigcinwe ehhovisi likahulumeni elifanele, futhi ikhophi eqinisekisiwe itholakale. Gcina amakhophi amaningi ezidingo zomthetho nezezokufuduka. Uma umshado wenzelwa endaweni ehlukile nalapho umbhangqwana uhlala khona, cabangelani ukuba umshado uqashelwe ngenqubo yokubhalisa yomphakathi yendawo noma umthetho wokuvala. Imibhangqwana yomhlaba wonke kufanele ihlole ukuthi i-astestille idingeka yini ukuze kusetshenziswe isitifiketi somshado phesheya.

Ikusasa Lomshado Osetshenziswa Izinombolo: Izimo Nezimo Ezingokomthetho

Njengoba umphakathi uba ngowamanani ayandayo, isimiso somthetho siyoqhubeka siguquka ukuze sihlasele izinhlobo ezintsha zobuhlobo.

  • Irekhodi lomshado elisekelwe ku-'ftchain': Ezinye iziqalo zihlola izitifiketi zomshado zobuchwepheshe obungalula ukuqashelwa komngcele.
  • AI yezinto ezifushanisiwe:[ [amanje] kungakaqashelwa ngokomthetho, ukusetshenziswa kokuhlakanipha kokwenziwa ukwenza imikhosi kungaphakamisa imibuzo ejulile ngencazelo ye "pr" egunyazwe ukuqinisekisa imishado.
  • [ Ukubekwa kwemithetho: izindikimba zezizwe zonke njenge Hague Conference on Private International Law kungaveza iziqondiso zokuqaphela imishado yobuchwepheshe, ukunciphisa izingxabano phakathi kwezizwe.
  • Ukwenezelwa okuqinisekisiwe:[ Izakhiwo cishe ziyohlanganisa ukwenzeka kokwakheka kwezinto kanye nokufakwa kwevidiyo elondekile ukuze kuvinjelwe ukukhwabanisa nokwanelisa izimfuneko "ukuba khona".

Izinguquko zomthetho seziyaqhubekeka. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlola okuqhubekayo komshado oqhelile we-Utah kuye kwathonya ezinye izifundazwe. I- eyi-Uniform Commission of the Law iye yabheka njengesenzo esiyisibonelo semikhosi yomshado yangempela, nakuba impoqo yokugcina ihlongozwa. Imibhangqwana nochwepheshe kufanele bahlole lezi zinqumo ukuze kuqinisekiswe imishado yabo yezingcingo ihlale ilondekile futhi ihloniphekile.

Ekuphetheni, imishado eyakhelwe nge-patture contact iyaqashelwa futhi ivikelwe kakhulu, kodwa imishado engokomthetho ihlala ihlukene futhi iyinkimbinkimbi. Imibhangqwana ethatha izinyunyana zobuchwepheshe kumelwe ithathe izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokuqinisekisa imithetho yendawo, isebenze negunya eligunyaziwe, futhi ibhale ubuhlobo bayo ngokuphelele. Ngokuqonda amalungelo nezingozi, ingakha isisekelo esiqinile esingokomthetho somshado wayo. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka, ukuhlangana kwezinhliziyo nomthetho kuyothola izinkulumo ezintsha, kodwa abaphathi besivumelwano esingapheli, inhloso, futhi ukuvuma okungokomthetho kuyoba yikho okuqinile emshadweni wabo wonke amacala asebenzayo.