Isingeniso: Isithembiso Namaqiniso Okulingana Komshado

Amalungelo omshado sekuyisikhathi eside eyisisekelo sokulwela i-LGBTQ, okufanekisela ukuqashelwa okungokomthetho kuphela kodwa ukwamukelwa okubanzi. E-United States, uphawu oluphawulayo obergefell v. Hodges[[FLLT:1] isinqumo ngo 2015 esiqinisekisa imibhangqwana efanayo-silisa ilungelo lokushada ezweni lonke, ukunqoba okubonakala sengathi kuphelelisa uhambo lwamashumi eminyaka. Kodwa, ilungelo elingokomthetho lokushada aliguquleli ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuba iphilele ukulingana, ikakhulukazi i-LGBTQ+ abantu ngabanye ezindaweni zasemaphandleni. Izindawo ezisemaphandleni zibhekenemingcele ehlukene yemigoqo engokomthetho neyakhelwayo ukuze kuvinywe imithombo yomshado futhi ithole amalungelo amaningi kunale inseleleko ezindaweni ezisezindaweni ezisezindaweni ezikhungelelwe umphakathi wonke.

Lesi sihloko sihlola izinselele ezibhekene nabantu basemaphandleni ezihlobene namalungelo omshado, sihlola ukuhlangana kwezwe, amasiko, nomthetho, futhi sihlela izinyathelo ezithatha isinyathelo zokulingana kwangempela. Ukusukela ekuvikelweni okulinganiselwe okungokomthetho kuya ekuzihlukaniseni nasekusweleni izinto, amaqiniso okuphila kwasemaphandleni adinga okungaphezu kwesinqumo sezwe; badinga ukungenela okungaguquguquki komphakathi, izinguquko zezimiso, kanye nokuzimela okuphikelelayo.

Ukubaluleka Kwamalungelo Omshado: Akusona Nje Isitifiketi

Amalungelo omshado awagcini nje emikhosini engokwesiko, anikeza inqwaba yesivikelo esingokomthetho, esingokwezimali, nesezenhlalo esithinta ukuphila kwansuku zonke.

  • Ukuqashelwa kwe-Legal [ kobuhlobo, obubalulekile ekuvakasheleni isibhedlela, ekwenzeni izinqumo zezokwelapha, kanye nokuma kwesikhumba esilandelayo.
  • Inikeza izinzuzo zobusha njengenzuzo yomphakathi wesiphepheli, izinzuzo zomuntu onokuhlangenwe nakho, nomshuwalense wempilo olungiselelwe umqashi.
  • [ Amalungelo empahla kanye nempahla [ ngaphandle kwemibhalo engokomthetho ebizayo, kuhlanganise nefa elizenzekelayo nekhono lokugcina impahla ihlangene.
  • [ Amalungelo oParents kubazali abangokobulili obufanayo, ukuzala nokumisa ukuba abazali abasemthethweni bezingane ezizalelwe emshadweni.
  • [[UMTL:0] Izinzuzo [ zihlanganisa ukuqoqa intela yefa, izintengo zesihlengo, nezinzuzo zentela yesipho.
  • Ukuqinisekiswa [ okuphikisana nokweqisa okungokomlando, kuqinisekisa ukuthi i-LGBTQ+ ubuhlobo bufanelwe isithunzi esifanayo nesibopho sokuhlangana kwabobulili obuhlukile.

Ngaphandle komshado, imibhangqwana eminingi iLGBTQ++ ikakhulukazi leyo ehlala ezindaweni zasemaphandleni lapho ukufunda ngokomthetho kungase kube phansi khona (kumelwe ithembele emabhukwini angokomthetho abizayo (intando, amandla ommeli, iziqondiso zezokwelapha) ukuze ilinganisele isivikelo esinikezwa umshado ngokuzenzekelayo. Ngisho nalapho, le zincwadi zingase zingadunyiswa ezimweni ezingezwani ezingokomthetho, zishiye imibhangqwana isengozini phakathi nokuphuthuma kwezokwelapha noma ngemva kokufa komngane womshado.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulingana komshado kuye kwahlotshaniswa nemiphumela engcono yempilo yengqondo ye-LGBTQ+ abantu. Ukuhlola ngo-2017 okwakhishwa kuyi-American Journal of Public Health kwathola ukuthi ukulingana kwesilinganiso somshado kuhlangene nokuncishiswa okukhulu kokucindezeleka kwengqondo phakathi kwabantu abadala be-LGB. Kubantu basemaphandleni abasuke sebecindezelekile kakhulu futhi bezibulala ngenxa yokuzehlukanisa nokuhlazeka, izinzuzo ezingokwengqondo zomshado zibaluleke kakhulu.

Izingqinamba Eziyingqayizivele Ezimisweni Zasemaphandleni: Umkhakha Wokungalingani

Nakuba ilungelo elingokomthetho lokushada liqashelwa e-United States, okuhlangenwe nakho kokuba umbhangqwana oshadile ongokobulili obufanayo emphakathini wasemaphandleni kuhluke kakhulu kulelo edolobheni elithuthukayo. Abantu baseMaral LGBTQ baphikisana nemingcele emithathu yemikhawulo exhunyiwe: isivikelo esilinganiselwe esingokomthetho (ekuziphatheni, ngisho noma singekho ephepheni), ihlazo elikhulu emphakathini, kanye nokuswelakala kokuqinisekisa izinkonzo.

Izigebengu Ezingokomthetho Nemingcele Ephoqelelwayo

Nakuba isithiyekile izenzo ezinjalo zinqabela ukwenqaba ukunikeza amalayisense omshado emibhangqwana efanayo engokobulili obuhlukile, izifunda eziningi zasemaphandleni ziye zathola izindlela zokulibala noma zokuvimbela ukufinyelela. Omabhalane basesifundazweni kwezinye izindawo baye baveza izimpawu ezingokwenkolo zokuphika amalayisense, futhi nakuba izenzo ezinjalo zingagunyazi, umthwalo wehlela umbhangqwana ukuba ubhalise izivumelwano zecala − umsebenzi onzima ongokomthetho nongokwezimali. Ezimweni ezingenawo wonke umbuso ongangenisikho kwezomthetho, imibhangqwana efanayo exubile ingamelana nobuthana nomthetho osemthethweni, uma ithatha izingane, noma ukwamukela izinzuzo ezinkokhelwayo kubaqashi bendawo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza ngokuxubile kwemithetho kahulumeni kudala ukudideka. Ngisho nasezindabeni eziye zadlulisa imithetho ye-LGBTQ + ehlanganisa ukungaguquguquki, izibalo zasemaphandleni ngokuvamile azinayo imithombo yokuziqinisa. Umbhangqwana ofanayo we-sexx ushade kwesinye isifundazwe esihlala emaphandleni kwenye ungathola ukuthi umshado wabo awuqashelwa ngenxa yezinjongo ezithile. Ngokunokwenzeka kakhulu ukuthi njengamalungelo omzali noma abasindayo banezinzuzo − uma umbuso omusha unemithetho engokwenkolo yokukhulula. [[FLTLT:1]] Iprojective Project project [] i-eyeza lemidatha, ibonisa ukuthi abantu basemaphandle abambalwa abakwazi ukuphila ngemithetho eqinile.

Ukungahlali Kanye Nemiphumela Yakho Ejulile

Ezindaweni eziningi zasemaphandleni, imiphakathi eqinile ingaba umthombo wokusekelwa nomthombo wokuhlola okukhulu. Imibhangqwana efanayo ivame ukubhekana nenkemba egobe kabili: iyabonakala kakhulu (wonke umuntu uyazi ibhizinisi layo) kodwa iphoqelekile ukuba ilawule indawo lapho indima engokwesiko yobulili kanye nokungalawuleki kobuhlaziyi kungabusa khona. Ukwesaba ukucwaswa kungaholela “ekungabekeki,” lapho imibhangqwana ilulaza ubuhlobo bayo obala, igwema ukuphatha izandla emphakathini, noma ngisho nokufihla isimo sayo somshado ukuze ivimbele ukuwohloka.

Lokhu kuhlazeka kubangela umonakalo omkhulu empilweni yengqondo. Ukuhlola kulokhu kubonisa ukuthi amaphaphu asemaphandleni abika amazinga aphakeme okucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka, nokuzibulala uma kuqhathaniswa nalawo asedolobheni. Umbiko 2020 ubangela ukuvuselelwa kwe-Trevor Project [ [u-FLT]] uthola ukuthi i-LGBTQ+ intsha esemaphandleni isengozini enkulu yokuzama ukuzibulala kunalawo asedolobheni. Imibhangqwana eshadile, ukucindezela kungacindezela ubuhlobo, ikakhulukazi uma omunye umuntu engekho “emsebenzini noma emihlanganweni yomkhaya enwenwe.

Izinhlangano zenkolo zivame ukugcizelela lesisihlamba. Izindawo eziningi zasemaphandleni zibuswa amasiko enkolo adla ngoludala afundisa ubuhlobo bobulili obufanayo. imibhangqwana eshadile ingazithola ikhishwe emiphakathini yesonto, incishwa imikhosi yomshado abefundisi bendawo, noma inikezwe ukushumayela obala okulahla ukuhlangana kwayo.

Ubungako bezinkonzo ze LGBTQ+-Aftice

Amalungelo omshado adlulela ekunakekeleni impilo, izinkonzo zezempilo, ezingokomthetho, kanye nezezenhlalo − zonke ezilinganiselwe kakhulu ezindaweni zasemaphandleni. Ku-LGBTQ+ imibhangqwana, ithola umnakekeli wempilo onolwazi ngezidingo zempilo ezingokobulili ezifanayo nokuhlonipha ubuhlobo babo kungaba cishe okungenakwenzeka. Izibhedlela eziningi zasemaphandleni azihlanganisi ukubonakaliswa kwesimilo sobulili noma ubulili emithethweni yazo engabonisi ukungalingani kwesimilo, nezisebenzi zingasenqaba ukwelapha isiguli esisekelwe ezinkolelweni ezingokwenkolo. Lokhu kungaholela ekuphuthumeni ukunakekela kwezokwelapha kanye nemiphumele yempilo engcono.

Usizo olungokomthetho luyivela kancane ngokufanayo. Izinhlangano zokusiza ezisemthethweni zasemaphandleni zivame ukuncishiswa futhi zingantula abameli abanokuhlangenwe nakho e-LGBTQ+ umthetho womkhaya − ama-isue afana nokutholwa komzali wesibili, isehlukaniso nemibhangqwana efanayo efuna ubandlululo olufanayo, noma imithetho kahulumeni yokuqondisa izigwegwe. Ngaphandle kwesikhungo somphakathi esiseduze noma inhlangano ye-bar commeterral, imibhangqwana kumelwe ithembele emithonjeni ye-inthane noma emahoreni okuhlola.

Ama-LGBTQ futhi anezici ezincane. I-LGBTQ+ amaqembu ezenhlalo, izenzakalo zokuziqhayisa, nezinhlelo zontanga zigxile emadolobheni. Imibhangqwana ehlobanayo exekethile emaphandleni kungase kudingeke ukuba ishayele amahora amane noma amahlanu ukuze iye emkhosini wokuziqhayisa noma ithole umelaphi osebenza nge-LGBTQ +. Lokhu kuzihlukanisa kungaba ngcono kakhulu emibhangqwaneni esanda kushada efuna ukwakha umphakathi neminye i-LGBTQ+ imikhaya.

Izithiyo Zezomnotho Nezinselele Ezibhekene Nezingqinamba

LGBTQ+ abantu basemaphandleni bavame ukubhekana nezimo ezikhudlwana lapho benamaqembu aphansi. Ngokwesibonelo, i-LGBTQ+ abantu abanombala ezindaweni zasemaphandleni babhekana nakho kokubili ubuhlanga ne-homophobia, okuqhubeka kulinganisela ukufinyelela kwabo izinzuzo ezihlobene nomshado. I-LGBTQ+ imibhangqwana yamazwe esizwe ibhekene nezindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezingokomthetho: kuyilapho iThembene nomthetho womshado manje igunyaza ukuqaphela imishadolo efanayo yezegazi yezegazi phakathi kwezizwe, izizwe zinemithetho engokohlanga zinezimo eziphethe, futhi ezinye azisaqapheli izibopho ezihlobene nezingaqinile, izenza kube negebe elingathi sína kwifa lefa, ukuwiswa kwezingane, ukugcinwa kwezingane, nezinqunye izivumelwano zempilo.

Ubumpofu bungesinye isigaba esibucayi. Ezomnotho zasemaphandleni zivame ukunikeza iholo eliphansi namathuba amancane omsebenzi, okusho ukuthi imibhangqwana eminingi i-LGBTQ ayinakho ukukhokha intela engokomthetho yokuvikela amalungelo emikhaya yayo. Ingase iswele umshuwalense wempilo noma imisebenzi enganikezi izinzuzo ezisheshayo. Kulemibhangqwana, izitifiketi zomshado ngokwazo azinele, zidinga ukulondeka kwezomnotho ukuze zijabulele ngempela izinzuzo zomshado. Kodwa izinhlelo ze-LGBTQ, kanye ne-nethi ye-omnethi kazwelone, ngokuvamile ziyahluleka ukunikeza izidingo ezikhethekile zempilo zasemaphandleni, njengezinhlelo zokusiza abantu abangaziqapheli izihlobo ezikanye nezixhwebo ngenxa ye-glig.

Izindlela Eziholela Entuthukweni: Ukwakha Ikusasa Langempela Lasemaphandleni Agcwele

Naphezu kwalezi zinselele ezinzima, kunamasu aqinisekile abasekeli, abakhi bezimiso, namalungu omphakathi angaphishekela ukuvala igebe lomshado elilinganayo elisedolobheni. Intuthuko idinga inhlanganisela yokuguqula okungokomthetho, ukuhlelwa komphakathi, ukusungulwa kwezobuchwepheshe, nokushintsha kwempucuko.

Ukuqasha Ngokomthetho Nokushintsha Kwemithetho

Ama-fégal ivikela ahlala eyindawo eyingozi kakhulu. I-Respect for Marriage Act [2022]) ifuna uhulumeni wezwe ukuba aqaphele imishado efanayo-yobulili kunoma yisiphi isifunda, futhi idinga ukuqaphela ukuthi imishado ehlukene ye-odansi yomshado. Nokho, akudingi ukunquma ukuthi ku-' ku-awumthetho [[FLT]] owengeziwe [[FLT]] imisha efanayo-yo noma ukuvimbela izikhalazenkolo ezingavumela izisebenzi ukuba ziphike izinkonzo. Abamele ukusunduza umthetho owezweyo [[FLDFF:] [5] ukulingana nesivikelo sobulili, ukuvikela kwezindawo zemisebenzi, ukuphatha, ukuphatha, ukuphatha, ukuphatha yonke indawo, ukuhlanganisa nezindawo zomphakathi, kuhlanganise nezindawo zasemaphandleni zasemaphandleni, kuhlanganise nezizindawo eziningi.

Kulelozinga lombuso, i-LGBTQ + imifelandawonye yasemaphandleni kufanele isebenzele ukudlulisa iziyalezo ezibanzi ezingadibaniyo ezivumelana ne-mongo yasemaphandleni. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi omabhalane besifunda-sifunda ngeke bawaphike amalayisense omshado asekelwe ezinkolelweni zomuntu siqu, nokuthi izinhlangano zokutholwa kwabantwana ngeke zicalule imibhangqwana efanayo ye-sex. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ohulumeni bezwe bangaxhasa izinhlelo zosizo ezingokomthetho [ eziqeqeshela abameli eLBTQ, banikeze izindleko zemali zemali zemali ezihamba-sehlo, futhi banikeze imitholampilo esemthethweni ehambayo ezindaweni ezigciniwe.

Izinethi zokusekela umphakathi

Kungekho izikhungo zomphakathi zasemadolobheni, abantu basemaphandleni iLGBTQ+ abantu baye bakha ukuqina ngezimiso zemiphakathi ye-inthanethi ne-internet. I-Human Rights Campaign [ inikeza iziqondiso zasemaphandleni zeLGBTQ qha ezisiza imibhangqwana ukuba ithole izisekelo zenkonzo, usizo olungokomthetho, kanye nokusekela kwempilo yengqondo. Izahluko zezinhlangano zendawo ezinjenge- PLAG (Abazali, iMindebe, neMidlali yeLesbian and Gays) zinganikeza indlela yokusebenza, ikakhulukazi uma zingenisa imihlangano esendaweni ekude.

Ukwakha “ukuziqhenya okungokobudoda” izenzakalo ezincane, ezifinyelekayo, nezingokwesiko zingasekelwa. Amanye amadolobha asemaphandleni aye asungula izinhlelo eziqinisa isonto ngokuphumelelayo, ezinjengokuthi“ Ukuvula nokuqinisa” amabandla, amukela imibhangqwana efanayo exhunyiwe. Ukuxhasa izinhlangano eziqeqeshelwe ukuthuma izimboni emaphandleni asemaphandleni ukuze kubekwe amalungelo omshado, ukuhlelwa kwendawo, kanye nobudlelwane obuhle kunganika imibhangqwana amandla okuqondisa isimiso somshado.

Ubuchwepheshe Obuntengantenga

Ubuchwepheshe bungayi-indlela enamandla yokulingana kwemibhangqwana yasemaphandleni ehamba-hambayo. Izinkonzo ze-Telehealth[ ziye zanwetshwa ukufinyelela ku LGBTQ+-aftimeding abelaphi nabaphathi bezempilo, okwenza ukuba imibhangqwana ikwazi ukuthola ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ngaphandle kokuhambela. INhlangano yamaNkonzo e-Legeral [[ nezinye izinhlangano zinikeza amathuluzi olwethulelo hlelo kulayini okuzisiza ekuqedeleni izincwadi ezihlobene nomshado, futhi ezinye izigaba zivumela ukuba izicelo zelayisense yomshado zihambele imoto ebaluleke kakhulu kulabo abangakwazi ukuvakashela inkampani yomsebenzi wezezwe phakathi namahora.

Ama-apps eselula nama-inthanethi e-inthanethi (njenge- i-Psychology Today’s doctory’s profector ) ivumela imibhangqwana ukuba ihluze i-LGBTQ + iqinise izikhungo eziseceleni komkhakhakha. Amaqembu ezokuxhumana eFacebook noma e-Reddit asebenza njengezindawo zomphakathi lapho i-LGBTQ ingahlanganyela khona iseluleko ngezinkinga zomshado, kusukela ekuhleleni umshado edolobheni elinamathe nomthetho wobudokotela we-digrim.

Izindaba ezimelelwayo nazo zibalulekile. Izindawo zokudayisa izindaba nezindawo zokuhlola izifundazwe seziqale ukuveza izindaba ze-LGBTQ yasemaphandleni, engenza umshado oxubile ongokwezenhlalo ube yindawo ezimweni lapho usabhekwa khona ngokuthi “akuwona umphakathi wethu.” Amaphephandaba nemisakazo yendawo kungakhuthazwa ukuba asebenzise izici ezikhuthazayo zemibhangqwana eshadile eshadile eshadile, isiza ekususeni umbono womphakathi ngaphakathi.

Imfundo Nobunye

Mhlawumbe ushintsho olungabekezeleleki luvela emfundweni. Izinhlelo ezisekelwe esikoleni ezifundisa inhlonipho nge-LGBTQ+ abantu zinganciphisa ihlazo izingane ezingase zidlule kulo. Ezindaweni zasemaphandleni, le zinhlelo kumelwe ziklanyelwe ngokucophelela ukubhekisa izindinganiso zendawo, ngokufaka izimpawu ezisemqoka emaphandleni njengetshe elihlanganisa izindinganiso zasemaphandleni ezinjenge- “umakhelwane” kanye“ nohlobo” kunokuzibeka endaweni ebanzi.

Izindawo eziphakathi kwezindawo zasemaphandleni − njengamalungu abefundisi aqondile, abalimi, abanikazi bamabhizinisi abancane, kanye nezikhulu zendawo ezikhethiwe − zingaba izisho ezinamandla zokulingana ngomshado. Uma izihlobo zikhuluma obala ngokusekela imibhangqwana engokobulili obufanayo, zithumela uphawu lokuthi ukwamukela kungenzeka ngaphandle kokushiya izimpawu zasemaphandleni. Izinhlelo zokuqeqesha njenge ACLU’S UQU’S COWS CORT[ unikeza isiqondiso esiqinile ngendlela yokuqala izingxoxo, ukusekela imibhangqwana yendawo, futhi ubekela izinhlelo zokushaya umthetho wasemaphandleni ngaphandle komakhelwane abafoko.

Isiphetho: Isicelo Sokuphikelela, Isinyathelo Esisekelwe Endaweni

Uhambo oluya ekulinganani okugcwele emshadweni emaphandleni e-LGBTQ+ imiphakathi isekude kakhulu. Nakuba izimpi zomthetho zinqotshwe kakhulu ezinkantolo, izimo zezinsuku zonke zokuphila kwasemaphandleni zifuna ukufinyelela isineke esibanzi, ukubekezela. Imibhangqwana efanayo ehlala emaphandleni ifanelwe isitifiketi somshado esingaphezu kwesomshado. Ifanelwe ikhono lokuphila ngokukhululekile, ukunakekelwa kwempilo ngaphandle kokwesaba, ikhulisa imikhaya ngaphandle kokungaqiniseki ngokomthetho, futhi ithole umphakathi ngaphandle kokushayela ngejubane eliyikhulu.

Abenzi bemithetho kumelwe bafake phambili ukungenela kwasemaphandleni okuqondile: ukuxhasa imitholampilo ehambayo engokomthetho, ukumisa imithetho evimbela ukungaguquguquki ezifundeni zonke, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi lezonzuzo zikahulumeni zifinyelela imibhangqwana kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ihlalaphi. Abameleli kumelwe baqhubeke bakha izinhlangano ezihlanganisayo ezihlanganisa i-bhuloho lokuhlukanisa amanani nokuhlonipha amasiko endawo. Futhi wonke umuntu (‘iLGBTQ + noma i-ally ) ufeza indima ngokukhuthaza ukwamukelwa emiphakathini yakhe, akhulume ngokumelene nehlazo, futhi asekele izinhlangano ezisebenza ngokungakhathali ku LGBTQ.

Ukulingana kwangempela kusho ukuthi uthando lombhangqwana nokuzibophezela kuyaqashelwa futhi kuvikelwe kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bathi “Ngiyayazisa” edolobheni eliphezulu noma egqumeni lezwe. Ngokukhuluma ngezithiyo eziyingqayizivele ezibhekene nezenzo zasemaphandleni ze-LGBTQ, ezibonisa uzwela, singasenza leso sithembiso sibe ngokoqobo kubo bonke.