Ukuqonda Igunya Lomthetho - sisekelo Lomongameli

UMongameli wase-United States unendima eyingqayizivele nenamandla kuhulumeni kahulumeni. Njengenhloko kahulumeni, inhloko kahulumeni, nomphathi-nhloko wamabutho ahlomile, amandla kaMongameli abanzi kodwa futhi alinganiswa ngokucophelela namanye amagatsha. Ukuqonda lamandla kubalulekile ku isakhamuzi ngasinye, njengoba silungisa ngokuqondile imithetho esiyilandelayo, ukulondeka esithembele kukho, nezimiso zezomnotho ezithinta ukuphila kwethu kwansuku zonke. Lesi sihloko siphula imibuso eyisisekelo ye-Precien, sichaza indlela asetshenziswa ngayo, futhi sihlola ngayo ithonya elibonakalayo eMelika.

Ababusi Abaphethe: Ukushaya Indiva UMthetho Nokuphatha Uhulumeni

Lo msebenzi womthetho - sisekelo, ochazwe eSiphakamisweni II soMthetho - sisekelo waseU.S., ubeka uMongameli enhloko yegatsha eliphethe futhi uwanika igunya phezu kwesimiso sikahulumeni esikhuphukayo esisebenzisa izigidi zabantu.

Ukuqondisa Kwezimo Zomphakathi

UMongameli wengamela iminyango nezinhlangano zikahulumeni, kusukela kuMnyango Wezokuvikela kuya ku-Evironmental Protection Agency. Ngomphathi wekhabha omisiwe, uMongameli umisa izinqubo eziza kuqala, izinqumo, futhi aqinisekise ukuthi kufezwe izimvume zokumisa izivumelwano. Ngokwesibonelo, uMongameli angaqondisa uMnyango wemfundo ukuba agcizelele ukukhethwa kwesikole noma agunyaze uMnyango Wezobulungisa ukuba ubeke imingcele esemthethweni yamalungelo abantu. Lo mbuso uvumela uMongameli ukuba amise ukusebenza kosuku lonke nonyaka kahulumeni kanye nethonya ngokuqondile izindawo ezinjengezempilo, imfundo, isivikelo nendawo ezungezile.

Amandla Okumisa

Enye yemibuso yezikhulu zikaMongameli elandela ikhono lokumisa, ngeseluleko nemvume yeSigele, izikhulu eziphethe kulo lonke uhulumeni. Lokhu kuhlanganisa amalungu ekhathe, amajaji kahulumeni, amanxusa, kanye namakhanda ezinhlangano ezizimele. Lokhu kumisa kunquma ukuqondisa kwenqubo iminyaka eminingi, ngezinye izikhathi amashumi eminyaka, ikakhulukazi ejajini. Ukumiswa komphathi womthetho kungaguqula incazelo yomthetho ngemva kwesikhathi eside bephumile, kuthinta izindaba ezinjengokukhishwa kwezisu, amalungelo okuvota, nokulawula izibhamu.

Isiyalo Esiphethe: Isenzo Esiqondile Ngaphandle Komkhandlu

Iziqondiso zezikhulu zinikezwa nguMongameli olawula ukusebenza kukahulumeni kahulumeni. Nakuba ingeyiyo imithetho edluliswa yi-Congress, iphethe impoqo yomthetho futhi ingaqondisa izinto eziza kuqala, ihlele kabusha izakhiwo zikahulumeni, noma ishintshe indlela imithetho ekhona ebekwe ngayo. Izibonelo ezingenakungakhonjwa zihlanganisa uhlelo lukaMongameli Truman oluyekisa amabutho, uMongameli Eisenhower ukusebenzisa amabutho kahulumeni ukuphoqelela ukuhlangana kwesikole, futhi iziyalezo zamuva kakhulu ngokuphathelene nezimiso zokufuduka. Imithetho yesikhulu sibekwa ekwahluleleni futhi ingagumbuqeshwa ngeSishayamthetho, siwenze kube yithuluzi elinamandla kodwa elilinganiselweyo lesenzo sikamongameli.

Amandla EPardon

UMongameli unegunya lomthetho-sisekelo lokuthethelela nokuthethelela izono zikahulumeni, ngaphandle kwezimo zokungagunyazi. Lomandla angasetshenziselwa ukubonisa isihe, ukulungisa ukungalungi, noma ukufeza izinjongo zezombangazwe. AmaPardon aphelele futhi awakwazi ukuvinjwa yiKhomishane noma izinkantolo. Izibonelo ezingenakungakholeki zihlanganisa ukuthethelelwa kukaMongameli Ford uRichard Nixon, uMongameli Carter uxolelwa amajaji eVietnam empi, kanye noMongameli uTrump's clement imvume yokukhokha. Intelo ithinta ngokuqondile abantu abaye balahlwa ngecala lomthetho kahulumeni, ibanikeza ithuba lesibili futhi ngezinye izikhathi libuyisela amalungelo omphakathi.

Ithonya Ezakhamuzini

Imibuso ebusayo ithinta izakhamuzi ngokushesha. Uma uMongameli emisa isikhulu senhlangano esingasebenzi kahle, ingasheshisa noma inciphise ukuhlelwa kwenzuzo, intela, noma izinhlelo zokuthutha. Iziqondiso zesikhulu zingashintsha imithetho yempilo yomshuwalense, izikweletu zabafundi, noma imithetho yendawo ethinta izinga lomoya namanzi. Ukumiswa kwamajaji asemthethweni kunganquma ukuthi izinkantolo zilawula kanjani emacaleni ahilela amalungelo akho, kusukela ekukhulumeni ngenkululeko kuya ekucwaseni emsebenzini.

Amandla Okushaya Indiva: Ukuchitha Imithetho Yomthetho

Nakuba uMongameli engelona ilungu leSishaya - mthetho, uMthetho - sisekelo ubanikeza igunya elibalulekile lomthetho. UMongameli angamisa umthetho, athonye inqubo yokwenza umthetho, futhi aphikise izikweletu.

Amandla E - Veto

UMongameli angakhipha noma isiphi isikweletu esidluliswa yiSishaya-mthetho, asivimbele ukuba sibe umthetho ngaphandle kokuba uMkhandlu uthathe iveto ngenani eliyisithathu leningi kuwo womabili amagumbi. Lokhu kuyinhlolo - zwi elinamandla ekuphathweni kwemithetho. Omongameli baye basebenzisa iveto ukuvimbela ukuchithwa kwezindleko, umthetho wamalungelo omphakathi, kanye nezinye. Ngokwesibonelo, uMongameli uFranklin D. Rooselvetvetoweth izikwele ezingaphezulu kwezikweleti ezingu-600, kanti uMongameli uGeorge W. Bushveto wafaka umthetho owenziwe ngokuhlolwa kwesimiso somthetho. Usongo lweveto kuphela lungaphoqeqelela uKhomishana ukuba kuxolwe futhi uhlekiswe umthetho, ulungise ngokuqondile okuqukethwe kwemithetho ethinta impilo, intela, nokulondelazwe.

Isimo Se - Union Ne - Agenda

UMongameli unikeza iSizwe se-Union sonyaka ikheli le-Union ku-Congress, njengoba kufunwa nguMthetho-sisekelo. Lenkulumo iqophelo lokuhlela izinto eziza kuqala, ukumisa imithetho emisha, nokusekela umphakathi. Omongameli basebenzisa i-"pulpulp" ukuze bacindezele uMkhandlu ukuba uthathe isinyathelo ezindabeni ezinjengezezisekelo zezemisebenzi, ukuguqulwa kwezimo zemvelo, noma ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Nakuba ikheli ngokwalo ngokwalo lingayidlulisi imithetho, limisa uhlelo lwesizwe futhi lingakha ijubane lokuthatha isinyathelo sokushaya umthetho.

Ukusayina Izinkulumo

Uma uMongameli esayina incwadi yomthetho, bangase bafake isimemezelo sokuchaza kwabo umthetho noma babonise indlela abahlose ukuwuphoqelela ngayo. Lamazwi angabonisa ukuthi uMongameli ukholelwa ukuthi izingxenye zomthetho azinamthetho futhi zingase zingaphoqelelwe. Abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi lokhu kuwukuphamba amandla okulawula, kuyilapho abavikeli bekubona njengethuluzi elingokomthetho lokuchaza umthetho. Ukusayina izinkulumo kungathinta indlela izinhlangano ezisebenzisa ngayo imithetho, ngaleyondlela zithobe ithonya lazo ezakhamuzini.

Indlela Amandla Emithetho Akuthinta Ngayo

Imithetho yomthetho kaMongameli inquma ukuthi yiziphi izikweleti eziba umthetho nendlela ezisetshenziswa ngayo. I-veto ingabulala isikweleti esithandwayo esingase sikhuphule izintela zakho noma isikhokhelo sezokunakekela impilo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isihlongozo sikaMongameli semali yesivumelwano singaholela ezinhlelweni ezintsha ezikusizayo, njengentuthuko yezezisekelo zesakhiwo noma intethelelo yabafundi. Ukusunduza nokudonsa phakathi kweWhite House ne-Congress siyisisekelo sendlela ethinta ngayo ukuphila kwakho kwansuku zonke.

Amandla Empi Nawamanye Amazwe: Ukuhola Isizwe Empini Yomhlaba

UMongameli ubhekene ne - United States ezindabeni zomhlaba wonke futhi unegunya eliphawulekayo kwezempi nakwezokuxhumana.

Umkhuzi-kakhulu-i-Chief

Njengomphathi-nhloko, uMongameli unegunya eliphethe amabutho ahlomile. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuyala amabutho ukuba alwe, aqondise amaqhinga ezempi, nokugunyaza i-drone noma imisebenzi ekhethekile. Nokho, iSishaya-Mkhandlu kuphela esingamemezela impi, futhi iSigqi soMkhandlu weMpi sango- 1973 sifuna ukuba uMongameli azise uMkhandlu phakathi namahora angu-48 okubeka amabutho ahlomile empi futhi abeke imingcele yokubambisana kwempi ezinsukwini ezingu-60 ngaphandle kokuvunyelwa kwesizwe. Lokhu kulinganisela kuye kwavivinywa izikhathi eziningi, kusukela eMpini yase-Korea kuya ezimpini zase-Iraq nase-Afghanistan. Izinqumo zikamongameli njengomphathi wesikhulu wenkonzo nemikhaya yabo, kanye nokuphepha kwesizwe.

Isivumelwano Sokuhlobana Nezivumelwano Zokuqondisa

UMongameli uxoxa ngezivumelwano namazwe angaphandle, kodwa lokhu kudinga ukuvunyelwa yizingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu eziseSigele. Izinqumo zihlanganisa izindaba ezinjengohwebo, ukulawula izikhali, nesivikelo sendawo ezungezile. Uma kusetshenziswa izivumelwano zezikhulu, ezingadingi ukuvunyelwa kweSishaya-mthetho, ukuqhuba inkambiso yakwamanye amazwe ngokungenakukhohlakala. Lezi zivumelwano zingaba izivumelwano kodwa zingathathwa njengezivumelwano ngaphansi komthetho we-U.S. ngokwesibonelo, i-Iran i-acleumiclear yayiyisivumelwano esiphethe i-pul, kanti i-North American Free Trade Trace Activement (NATHA) iyisivumelwano. Ukukhetha phakathi kwesivumelwano sesivumelwano nesivumelwano sesikhulu kungathinta indlela okuhlala futhi okugcinwa ngayo isibopho sakwamanye amazwe.

Ukudunyazwa Nokuqashelwa Kohulumeni Bakwamanye Amazwe

UMongameli uthola amanxusa, aqhuba izingxoxo, futhi angaqaphela ohulumeni bakwamanye amazwe. Lombuso uvumela uMongameli ukuba alolonge ubuhlobo namanye amazwe, anikeze izijeziso noma usizo. Ukuqaphela uhulumeni omusha, njengoba uMongameli Obama enza neCuba, kungavulela izakhamuzi amathuba amasha okuhamba, kuyilapho ukuphula ubuhlobo kungaba nemiphumela engokomnotho neyokuphepha.

Ithonya Ezakhamuzini

Izinqumo zezempi nezezomthetho zakwamanye amazwe zinemiphumela eqondile kumaMelika. Isinqumo sikaMongameli sokuya empini noma ukungenela ekungeneleni kwezempi singaholela ekulimaleni, ezomnotho, futhi ngisho nasezimfuno zobusosha. Izivumelwano zezokuhweba zithinta amanani ezinto, ukutholakala kwemisebenzi, nokukhula kwezomnotho. Ubudlelwane obuqinile buthonya ukuphepha kohambo, imithetho yemvume, namathuba ebhizinisi lomhlaba wonke. Izimiso zomongameli wangaphandle nazo zithinta ukulondeka kwesizwe kanye nokuma kwembulunga yonke ye-United States.

Amandla Okwahlulela: Ukuhlanekezela Izinkantolo Zezizukulwane

Nakuba igatsha lokwahlulela lizimele, uMongameli unendima ebalulekile ekulilolongeni ngokulimisa nangokulithukela.

Ukumiswa Kwamajaji Abangama - Federal

UMongameli umisa amajaji eNkantolo Ephakeme nabehluleli ezinkantolo eziphansi zikahulumeni. Lab ’ onamajaji kumele baqinisekiswe yiSigele. Abahluleli bamaPhondo bakhonza ukuphila konke, okusho ukumiswa kokwahlulela kukaMongameli kungathonya ukuchazwa kwemithetho amashumi eminyaka ngemva kokuphela kwenkathi yabo. Ngokwesibonelo, ukumiswa kukaMongameli uRonald Reagan kwabahluleli ababambelele ezimisweni eziqinile kwayidlulisela elungelweni, kuthinta izinqumo eziphathelene nokukhishwa kwesisu, uvuma, nokwahlulela kobugebengu. Amandla okubumba ijaji elihlala njalo lingelinye lamashumi eminyaka uMongameli angahamba.

Izikhulu Nezingcweti

Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngaphambili, uMongameli angathethelela futhi akhiphe iziphakamiso zobugebengu bukahulumeni. Lombuso unikeza isheke esimisweni sokwahlulela, uvumele uMongameli ukuba alungise imisho ephakeme, abonise isihe, noma anikeze isimiso sokungalungi. Ngokwesibonelo, uMongameli Obama wadambisa izigwebo zezenzo eziningi zezidakamizwa ezingenabudlova, futhi uMongameli Biden uye wakhipha ukuthethelelwa kwabantu abavamile insangu. Unyathela ngokuqondile uthinta abantu nemikhaya yabo, anikeze ithuba lesibili nenkululeko yomphakathi.

Indlela Amandla Omongameli Ahlolwa Ngayo

OFata Abasungulwayo baklama umongameli ngesimiso sokuhlola nokulinganisela ukuze bavimbele noma yiliphi igatsha ukuba libe namandla kakhulu. ISishaya - mthetho singanqoba ama-veto, sisuse uMongameli, sixhase izimali, siqinisekise noma senqabe ukumiswa nezivumelwano. INkantolo Ephakeme ingamemezela izenzo zobumongameli ezingavumelani nemithetho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abezindaba nombono womphakathi basebenza njengemishini yethukela, ibeke uMongameli ukuba alandisa kulowo mphathi.

Ukuqonda lezi zinqumo kubalulekile ngoba ziqinisekisa ukuthi amandla kamongameli asetshenziswa ngaphakathi kwemingcele engokomthetho-mthetho. Uma uMongameli ezama ukwandisa igunya lakhe, lezi zinqubo zingahlehlisa, njengoba kuboniswa ezimweni eziphawuliwe njenge United States v. Nixon [19974]), okuyilungelo elilinganiselwe lokulawula, kanye [[FLT]Trump v. Hawaii[[FLT] [2017], esekela ukuvinjelwa kohambo lukaMongameli kodwa futhi yasekela ukubukezwa kwemithetho yezikhulu.

Imiphumela Ewusizo Ekuphileni Kwakho Kwansuku Zonke

Amandla kaMongameli awayona imiqondo engaqondakali; anemiphumela yangempela yezwe. Nazi izindawo eziningana lapho izenzo zomongameli zithinta khona izakhamuzi ngokuqondile:

  • Ukugobeka: UMongameli anganikeza iziyalo eziphetheyo ezishintsha indlela i-Affordble Care Act esetshenziswa ngayo, ithinta izintela, ukukhokhelwa, kanye namasu e-afford Care Act.
  • Imfundo: izinqubo zikaMongameli ezibolekiswayo zabafundi, izikole ezikhethwayo, kanye nezimali zikahulumeni ezikoleni zomphakathi zinquma izindleko nezinga lemfundo ezigidi zabafundi.
  • Amatheki:[ UMongameli angasikisela ukuncishiswa kwentela noma ukwanda futhi, ngezenzo zomphathi, athonye ukugcinwa kwemithetho yentela, ethinta ukuthi ukhokha malini nokuthi iziphi izikweleti ongazithatha.
  • Ukuthutha: Ngeziyalezo zezikhulu, uMongameli angandisa noma avimbele ukufuduka, athinte ukuhlanganiswa kabusha komkhaya, amavisa okusebenza, kanye nokulondeka komngcele.
  • Imithetho elawula umoya namanzi, izindinganiso zikaphethiloli, kanye nenqubo yokushintsha isimo sezulu ithonywa kakhulu iziqondiso zikaMongameli kwi-Agency yeSikhungo Sendawo Ezungezile.
  • [ Isivikelo seConsumer:[ UMongameli umisa abaholi ezinhlanganweni ezinjenge Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, engamela amakhadi okuthenga ngesikweleti, izikweletu, nokuboleka usuku lokukhokha.

Isiphetho: UBuso Obusezandleni Zakho

Amandla kaMongameli makhulu kodwa awaphelele. Aklanyelwe ukuvumela ukubusa okuphumelelayo lapho uvikela ekucindezeleni. Njengesakhamuzi, lamandla akusiza ukuba uhlole izenzo zomholi wakho okhethiwe, uhlanganyele empikiswaneni enolwazi, futhi uvote ngokuqonda okucacile ukuthi yini umongameli angayenza futhi angakwazi ukuyenza. Ngokuzayo uma uzwa ngohlelo lwesikhulu, i-veto, noma ukubuswa kwezempi, uyokwazi ukuthi lawo mandla asetshenziswa kanjani nokuthi angakuthinta kanjani ukuphila kwakho.

Ukuze ufunde ngokwengeziwe, hlola incazelo engokomthetho yegatsha eliphethe , i-Constitution Anconoted's ukuhlolwa kwamandla obumongameli[, kanye nombhalo ogcwele we-U.S. Constitution ukubona imithombo yokuqala yalezi ziphathimandla.