Amandla okumemezela impi nokugunyaza ukungenela kwezempi angenye yeziphathimandla eziphethe eziphathiswe isishaya-mthetho. Leligunya, elisekelwe emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka emfundiso yezombangazwe nomthetho-mthetho, lisebenza njengesehlo esibucayi ekufuneni isikhundla sokubusa kanye nesivikelo sokuhlela ngentando yeningi. Uma iphalamende noma inhlangano inquma ukubophela isizwe ezimpini ezihloselwe ukulwa, yenza isenzo esiwubukhosi esisusa ngokuqondile ukulondeka kwesizwe, imithombo yemali, nokuphila kwezakhamuzi. Ukuqonda isisekelo esingokomthetho, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo, nokusetshenziswa kwalempi kwanamuhla kubalulekile kunoma ubani ofuna ukuqonda ukuthi isivinini esingakanani sokusebenza kwempi nesomthetho wentando yeningi.

Ngaphesheya kwezimiso zomthetho-mthetho ezihlukene, indima yomthetho-mthetho womthetho - sisekelo ekwenzeni impi iyahlukahluka, kodwa isimiso esiyinhloko sihlala singaguquki: izinqumo eziphathelene nempi nokuthula akufanele zigcinwe ezandleni zomphathi oyedwa. Emazweni anjenge-United States, iJalimane, iJapan, neFrance, isishayamthetho sinegunya elingokomthetho lokumemezela impi noma ukugunyaza amabutho, ngisho nanjengoba izikhulu zempi ziqhuba usuku lonke kuze kube semini. Lokhu kwahlukana kwamandla kuklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inqubo yezempi ibonakalisa isigaba sabantu, hhayi isahlulelo esingesomholi oyedwa. Kodwa ukusebenza komgqeqemane, umugqa phakathi kwemvume yokulwa kwemithetho yesizwe nezokulwa kwezwe nowezikhulu kuye kwakhula ngokufiphaza amehlo, ikakhulukazi enkathini yempi yeMpi yeZwe II.

Lesi sihloko sihlola amandla empi yondlu yomthetho-mthetho ngezilinganiso eziningi: izimpande zayo zomthetho-mthetho-sisekelo, ukumiswa kwazo ngokuqhathaniswa, ukuhlola okungokomlando, izinselele zamanje njengemisebenzi ye-inthanethi kanye negalelo le-drone, nokuphikisana okuqhubekayo ngenguquko. Ngokunweba ngaphezu kokwaziswa kwasekuqaleni, sinikeza ukuhlaziywa okubanzi okufanele abenzi bezimiso, izazi, kanye nezakhamuzi ezithembisene ngokufanayo.

Isisekelo Somthetho - sisekelo Nesemithetho

Isimiso esingokomthetho sokumemezela impi sisuka kumthetho-sisekelo wesizwe. Ngokwesibonelo, uMthetho-sisekelo wase-United States, unikeza i-Agatep I, isiqephu 8 sokuthi uMkhandlu uyakuba namandla "okumemezela iMpi, ukunikeza izincwadi zeMarque neReprisal, futhi wenze iMithetho mayelana ne-Captutures Land ne-ater." Lo mbhalo wawuyisenzo esiqondile egunyani likambusi waseBrithani lokwenza impi ngaphandle kwemvume yephalamende, isikhalo esiqokonyiswe eSivumelwaneni Senkululeko. Abaferamende bafaka ngamabomu amandla empi eSishayamthetho, igatsha eliseduze nabantu, kuyilapho benza umongameli we-Chin yemikhosi ehlomile ngaphansi kweSiphaka II, isigaba 2.

Ezinye idemokrati zithatha ukwahlukana okufanayo. EJalimane, uMthetho oMkhulu udinga ukuvunyelwa kwephalamende nganoma yimuphi umkhankaso wamabutho ahlomile kwamanye amazwe, nakuba isimemezelo esingokomthetho sempi singasasetshenziswa. Umthetho-sisekelo waseJapane wangemva kwempi ulahla ngokuqondile futhi udinga uDiet ukuvunyelwa kokusetshenziswa kweMikhosi yeze-Universe-Defense. Umthetho-mgaqo waseFrance we-Freat Republic ufuna uhulumeni ukuba azise futhi afune imvume kunoma yimuphi umkhandlu wezempi ohlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga ezine. Lezi zilungiselelo zibonisa ukuqaphela okukodwa ukuthi imvume yezempi futhi zivimbele ukumiswa kwemithetho ye-auniveration.

Umthetho wezizwe zonke ubeka imingcele. I-Uniter yeZizwe Ezihlangene, egunyazwe amazwe amaningi, inqabela ukusetshenziswa kwempi ngaphandle kokuzilawula ngokwayo noma ngemvume yoMkhandlu Wezokuphepha. Nakuba i-Chart ingagunyazi ukuhlelwa kwemibuso yempi esemhlabeni, ikha isimo esingokomthetho izishaya-mthetho okumelwe zisicabangele lapho zigunyaza. Imithetho-mthetho yesizwe eminingi ihlanganisa izibopho zesivumelwano, ifuna ngokuphumelelayo izindikimba zemithetho-mthetho ukuba zihlole ukuvumelana nomthetho wezizwe zonke ngaphambi kokuba zifake amabutho.

Ukhiye ndikima:[

  • UMongameli uyala ukuba kwezempi.
  • IJalimane idinga imvume eMfuleni wamazwe aphesheya.
  • IFrance igunyaza iphalamende ukuba kungenele ezinyangeni ezingaphezu kwezine.
  • I - UN Charter ivimbela ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ekuzivikeleni noma eMkhandlwini Wokulondeka.

Ukuthuthuka Okungokomlando Kwamandla Empi Emithetho

Umqondo wokuthi isishaya-mthetho kufanele silawule ukwakhiwa kwempi enkathini yokuqala yanamuhla njengengxenye yenhlangano ebanzi kuhulumeni wabameleli. ENgilandi, iNguquko eMcwazi ka-1688 yanciphisa ikhono lenkosi lokugcina ibutho elimile ngaphandle kwemvume yephalamende, imisa isimiso sokuthi "amandla esikhwamayo" angahlola ukuvelela kwezempi. Abenzi bamakoloni baseMelika balizuza ifa lelisiko futhi balifaka emthetho - sisekelo wabo omusha.

Kulo lonke ikhulu le-19 leminyaka, izimemezelo zokumiswa kwempi zaziyisiko. UKhongolo-bumba lwamemezela impi ngo-1812 neBrithani, ngo-1846 ngokumelene ne-Mexico, ngo-1898 ngokumelene ne-Spain, nango-1917 ngokumelene neJalimane. Isimemezelo ngasinye sandulelwa yinkulumo ebanzi nevoti. UMongameli, lapho eqhuba imisebenzi yezempi, wasebenza ngaphansi kwemvume engokomthetho yokulawula iMpi Yezwe II, futhi uMkhandlu wamemezela impi eJapane ngoDecember 8, 1941, futhi kamuva eJalimane nase-Italy.

Inkathi yangemva kuka-1945 yaphawula ukushintshwa okuphawulekayo. Umthetho weZizwe Ezihlangene neMpi Yomshoshaphansi wakhuthaza "izenzo zezombangazwe" kanye "nemisebenzi yokugcina ukuthula" eyaphutha ezivumelwaneni ezingokomthetho. IMpi yaseKorea (1950 - 9553) yagunyazwa yi-UN Security Council, hhayi isimemezelo sombutho wase-US. UMongameli uHarry Truman wacaphuna i-UN Charter kanye nemibuso eyisisekelo kaMongameli njengeNdlwane-i-Chieef. Lokhu kwamisa isibonelo sokungenela kwezehlolo yezempi eziphethe, kamuva kwalandelwa eVietnam, eBalkans, eLibya, naseMpini ye-Gyze.

Imithetho elawula umhlaba wonke ivumelaniswe ngokudlulisa izimvume zokusebenzisa ibutho lezempi (AMFs) esikhundleni sezimemezelo ezingokomthetho. E-United States, iGulf of Tonkin Resolution (1964) yagunyaza uMongameli uLyndon Johnson ukuba athathe "zonke izinyathelo ezidingekile" e-Southeast Asia, ngokuphumelelayo ukunikeza iSishaya-Mnyango sempi kumphathi we-AScorress Resort Reconstation. Isinqumo seMpi ka 1973 sazama ukuphindela igunya lobukhomfazi be-Promspitalm ngokufuna ukuba uMongameli wamabutho azise emahoreni angobusuku angu-48 awenza amabutho futhi axoxise amabutho ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-60 ngaphandle kokuba imvume yoMkhandlu uqhubeke uthembisa isithembiso. Nokho, ukuphumelela kwawo bekulokhu kungalungile.

[[[Umthetho:0] Izenzakalo ezingokonyaka:[[Umthetho:1]

  • 1689:[ i-English Bill of Rights ivimbela ukuma kwebutho ngaphandle kwemvume yephalamende.
  • 1787:[ Umthetho-sisekelo wase-US ufaka amandla empi eSishayamthetho.
  • [[UMTL:0] Umthetho weUN wemingcele yempi engathathi hlangothi.
  • 1964: Gulf of Tonkin Resolution indisa igunya lokuphatha.
  • 1973: Amagunya eMpi Isinqumo semizamo yokubuyisela ukuphatha kwenhlangano.
  • Igunya lokusebenzisa iButho Lempi (AMF) kumaphekula.

Izimiso Zomthetho Eziqhathaniswayo

Nakuba i-United States ivame ukubusa izingxoxo zemibuso yempi, amanye amazwe anikeza ukuhluka okufundisayo. EUnited Kingdom, isimo somthetho ngokomthetho besilokhu siwukuthi uMphathi weSikhulu noMphathi weSibinabhinethi besebenzisa igunya lobukhosi ukuba bafake amabutho ahlomile. Nokho, kusukela ngo 2003 iMpi ye-Iraq, umhlangano womthetho-mthetho uye wavela ufuna imvume yephalamende yokulwa kwempi okuphawulekayo. Indlu yamaCommons yavota ngo 2003 ukugunyaza ukuhlasela kwe-Iraq, futhi ngo-2013 yanqaba ukunyakaza ukugunyaza ukuhlasela i-asmouse ngokuphonsa i-Syria, iphoqelela uhulumeni ukuba ushintshe indlela yokulwa kwempi.

ECanada, uhulumeni kumelwe afune imvume engokomthetho nganoma yimuphi umbutho wamabutho akwamanye amazwe athatha izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-60, njengoba kushiwo esakhiweni sokuhamba ngo 2008. Isibopho seCanada kumsebenzi e-Afghanistan saphikiswana ngokuphindaphindiwe futhi savotelwa eNdlwaneni yeCommons. I-Australia ilandela indlela efanayo: nakuba uMbusi-Jikelezi njengoMyaleli-iNdlu-ekhonkolo ebekwe ngokuthi uphethe amandla, ohulumeni abalandelanayo baye bafuna ukuvunyelwa kwephalamende yezindawo ezinkulu, kuhlanganise ne-Iraq ngo-2003 kanye nomkhankaso we-Iraq/Syriaa ngokumelene ne-ISSIS ngo-2014.

ISici esiyinhloko soMthetho waseJalimane, iSiphakamiso 115a, idinga isinqumo esingokomthetho sephalamende se "isimo sokuzivikela" (impi). Ngaphaya kwempi, iNkantolo ye-Federal Constitution yanquma ngo-1994 ukuthi noma ikuphi ukuthunyelwa kwamabutho ahlomile aseJalimane kwamanye amazwe kudinga ukuvunyelwa kusengaphambili yiBundestag, ngaphandle kokuba kunengozi eseduze. Lokhu kuye kwaholela ezimpikiswaneni eziningi kanye namavoti emikhankasweni eKosboseKostanti, Afghanistantia, naseMali. Imfuneko ngezinye izikhathi iye yanciphisa ukusabela kodwa iye yathuthukisa ukufaneleka kwentando yeningi.

Umthetho-mthetho waseJapane, iSiphakamiso 9, silahla impi nosongo noma ukusetshenziswa kwempoqo njengendlela yokuxazulula izingxabano zomhlaba wonke. Emashumini eminyaka, lokhu kulinganisela amaMikhosi Ezinkampane ukuze avikeleke ngokuqinile. Kusukela ngo 2015, ukuchazwa kabusha nomthetho kuye kwavumela ukulinganiselwa kweqembu elizisebenzelayo nokugcina ukuthula, kodwa noma iziphi izindima ezisetshenziswayo zidinga uDiet. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwaseJapane kuqokomisa indlela ukumiswa komthetho-mthetho okumisa ngayo imibuso yempi.

Izinzuzo Zokulawula Impi Ngaphezu Kwempi

Ukuqondisa umthetho wokwenza impi kunikeza izinzuzo eziningana eziqinile eziqinisa ukubusa kwentando yeningi nokukhalipha okusebenzayo.

Ukubusa Ngentando Yeningi Nokulandisa

Uma isishaya-mthetho siphikisana futhi sigunyaza ukuthatha isinyathelo sezempi, isinqumo sithola amalungelo abameleli abakhethiwe babantu. Le nqubo iqinisekisa ukuthi izwi lomphakathi, elingumlamuleli wabameleli babo, lizwakala ngaphambi kokuba igazi nengcebo kukhishwe. Ukulandisa kuba nokwenzeka ngoba abamisi-mthetho bangavotelwa ngenxa yokusekela noma ukuphikisa impi. Izinqumo zokuqondisa zingenalo leli hholo eliqondile lokulandisa.

Ukuzimisela Nokusebenzisa Ukuhlakanipha Okuhlanganyelwe

Inqubo yemithetho iphoqelela ukuba kumiswe ikhefu lokucabanga. AmaKomiti athatha iziqu, ofakazi abangochwepheshe bafaka ubufakazi, kanye nezimpikiswano zeze-imouse eziphikisanayo. Lokhu kuhlola okuhleliwe kungaveza imibono eyiphutha, kuveze imiphumela engahlosiwe, futhi kuveze izinqumo ezibonisa ulwazi. Ukwehluleka ukuxoxa ngokugcwele ngezakhiwo zeMpi ye-Iraq eSivumelwaneni sase-US ngo-200 kuvame ukuvezwa njengesici esinezelela ekuhleleni okuyiphutha ngemva kwempi.

Ukugunyazwa Okungokomthetho Nokweqisa

Imvume engokomthetho yemithetho inikeza isisekelo esingokomthetho semisebenzi yezempi, esibalulekile ekutholweni kwemithetho yamabutho, ukugcinwa komthetho wezizwe, kanye nokuvikelwa kwemithetho esemthethweni yasekhaya. Ivoti ecacile icacisa izinga lomsebenzi nesikhathi owenziwa ngaso, ivimbela ukuthunywa ukuba kuqhubeke. Ngokwesibonelo, i-AUMF emelene no-al-Qaeda ka-2001 iye yachazwa kabanzi ukuhlanganisa amaqembu afana ne-ISSIS, okuholela ekuqondeni ngokusemthethweni. Imvume ecacile ingagwema ukufundwa okubanzi okunjalo.

Ukugada Ngejubane Elikhulu

Impi iyabiza. Ukulawula imali esemthethweni kunikeza isishaya-mthetho ithuluzi elinamandla lokuthonya isimiso sezempi. Ukwenqaba izimali ezifanele zempi kungayiqeda ngokuphumelelayo, njengoba kwenzeka lapho ukuhoxa kwe-US eVietnam ngemva koMkhandlu wezimali kunciphisa ukuxhaswa kwezimali ngo- 1973. Amandla esikhwama semali asekela amandla okumemezela impi, adala ungqimba oluphindiwe lwethonya lomthetho.

Izinselele Nokugxekwa Kwamandla Empi Emithetho

Naphezu kwezinzuzo zayo, ukulawula ukwenziwa kwempi kubhekene nokugxeka okuphawulekayo okuwusizo nokuvamile.

Ukusheshisa Ezimweni Eziphuthumayo

Ukuzihlobisa ngokusemthethweni kungaba okusheshayo ukusabela ngokushesha enkingeni esheshayo. Ekhulwini lama-21, usongo lungavela ngamahora, hhayi amasonto. Ukuvota ngenhlangano ngaphambi kokuphindisela noma ukusabela ekuhlaseleni kwe-inthanethi yocingo kungashiya isizwe sidaluliwe. Abasekeli bekhono lokulawula baphikisa ngokuthi uMyali-iChief kumelwe athathe isinyathelo kuqala futhi afune ukugunyazwa kamuva.

Isiyaluyalu Nezokwehlukana Kwezombangazwe

Ukuhlukana okukhulu okuhlukanisayo kungaphazamisa ukumiswa kwemithetho. Uma uMkhandlu ungavumelani ngokuthi ugunyaze umsebenzi othile, umphathi angathatha isinyathelo ngaphandle kokuthatha isinyathelo, noma isizwe angahluleka ukusabela. Ivoti ka-2013 ekuhlaseleni kwe-Siriya e-US House nase-Indlu yeSigele yabonisa indlela ukuhlanganisa kwezombangazwe okungasivimbela ngayo imvume ngisho nalapho uMongameli eyicela. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukungathathi hlangothi komthetho womthetho kungaba njengevoti embi.

Ukufinyelela ngokweqile nokugcina

Izikhulu ziye zasungula izindlela eziningi zokudlula imibuso yempi yomthetho. Zingachaza imisebenzi njenge "ukungenela kobuzwe," "ukuqeqeshela imithunywa," noma "izibhebhe zezembu jikelele" eziwela ngaphansi komnyango wempi. Bangasebenzisa izigunyazo ezikhona, basebenzise izikhundla ezikhethekile ngasese, noma bathembele kubantu abahlangene emhlabeni wonke ukuze banikeze i-odations. Ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kokugadla kwe-drone e-Pakistan, eYemen, nase-Somalia, ngokuvamile ngaphandle kokuhlola komthetho, kuveza lezi zikhawu eziphethe.

Ukungantengi kwempi ne-"ingxingo"

Yini ebaluleke njengempi? Umngcele phakathi kwempi, ukugcina ukuthula, ukulwa nobuphekula, kanye nezenzo zamaphoyisa uya ngokuya ufiphala. Ukuhlasela okubangela umonakalo ongokomzimba kuphakamisa imibuzo efanayo. Imithetho ilwa kanzima ukuchaza lapho igunya layo lidingeka. I-War Power Lower Resolution ye-"Origity" ichazwa ngokuxakekeyo, yenza izimbangela zayo zingaqiniseki. Lokhu kuxekeki kuvumela izikhulu ukuba zisebenze ezindaweni ezimpunga.

Ukuhlola Icala: Ukugunyazwa Okungokomthetho Kwenqubo

IMpi YaseVietnam (1955 - 1975)

Akukho kuxoxiswa ngempi yemithetho engokomthetho okuphelele ngaphandle kweVietnam. I-Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (1964) yadluliswa cishe ngazwilinye ngemva kwemibiko yokuhlasela okungaphazanyiswanga kwe-US, kamuva yembulwa ukuba idumaze. Isinqumo sanika uMongameli Johnson igunya elibanzi "lokuthatha zonke izinyathelo ezidingekile zokuvimbela noma ikuphi ukuhlasela okuhlonyiwe" ngaphandle kokumemezela okungokomthetho kwempi. Lokhu kwaba yisilungisi sokuhlasela okukhulu. Ngo-197373, uKhongolo lwase lulahlekelwe ukholo futhi lwadlulise iSigqi Somvolo seMpi phezu koMongameli uNixon'sveto, kodwa impi yaqhubeka iminyaka emibili. iVietnam injengesixwayiso ngemvume engacacile nenhlebi yemithetho.

Impi YaseGulf Ngo - 1991

Ngokuphambene, uMongameli uGeorge H.W. Bush wafuna futhi wathola imvume ecacile yokusebenzisa i-Iraq ngokumelene ne-Iraq ngemva kokuhlasela kwayo iKuwait. Isinqumo sadlula eNdlu yeSigele 52-47 kanye nendlu 250-183 ngemva kwengxoxo enzima. Ivoti yalandelwa isilinganiso esiqinile sezinsuku ezingu-60 esihlangene nezinqumo ze-UN. Lesisibonelo sivame ukukhonjwa njengesibonelo sendlela ukuhlelwa kwemithetho okungalola ngayo isimiso futhi kwakhe ukusekela umphakathi ngaphambi kokungenela kwesilinganiso esikhulu.

Impinda YaseLibya (2011)

Umongameli uBaback Obama wathumela izindiza zokulwa namabutho kahulumeni waseLibyan ngo-March 2011 ngaphansi kwesinqumo se-UN Security Council esigunyaza "zonke izinyathelo ezidingekile" zokuvikela izakhamuzi. Umphathi we-Obama waphikisa ngokuthi ukuhlinza kwakungekona "ukuhlasela" ngaphansi kweSigqi seMpi sombuso ngoba kwakungekho mabutho angaphansi kwezwe kanye ne-U.S. ukuhlanganyela kwakusekela amabutho ahlangene. Amalungu amaningi eSishayantentente aphikisanayo, futhi umsebenzi waqhubeka ngalé kwesilinganiso sezinsuku ezingu-60 ngaphandle kwemvume. Ikhono lomthetho lomphathi wabaphathi labekwa kakhulu, futhi lesi senzakalo saqokomisa ikhono lesikhulu sokuchaza i-mthetho.

Izikhali Zamakhemikhali ZaseSiriya Zango - 2013

Lapho uMongameli Barack Obama ememezela wayezofuna imvume yokulwa nezindiza ezikhonjwe uhulumeni wase-Siriya ekuphindiseleni izisulu zokusetshenziswa kwezikhali zamakhemikhali, abaningi babelindele ukuvota okuseduze. Indlu neSigele kwaqulwa, futhi ukuphikiswa komphakathi kwakhula. Ekugcineni, iziphathimandla zasisusa isicelo ngemva kokukhipha izivumelwano zokususa izikhali zamakhemikhali ase-Siriya. Lesi senzakalo sabonisa ukuthi usongo nje lwevoti ye-progin lungaklama inqubo, kodwa futhi ukuthi ukuthola imvume yokuvuma endaweni engaphandle kunzima kakhulu.

Izinselele Zanamuhla Nezanamuhla

Ukuhlinza Kwe - Cyber

Ukuhlasela kwe-Cyber kungadala umonakalo olingana nokuhlasela okungokomzimba − ukuhlasela kwamandla okushaya ngamandla, ukwaziswa okungcolisayo, ukuphazamisa izimiso zezimali − kodwa aziyifanelani ngokucacile incazelo engokwesiko yempi. Ingabe uma isishayamthetho sigunyaza impi ye-inthanethi ebangela umonakalo ongokomzimba? Kuthiwani ngokusebenza kwe-ibhuloho? I-United States ayikafuni ukuvota kwe-buthori esemthethweni ekuhlinzeni nge-inthane, kodwa indaba iphikiswana kakhulu. Abanye baphikisa ngokuthi i-AUMF ingafihla izenzo ze-inthane ze-mbhethroyi ezisetshenziswa amaqembu amaphekula, kuyilapho abanye befuna inselele ukugunyazwa okusha kwemvume.

Ukugadla Kwezigaxa Nokubulawa Kwabantu Abafile

Ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kwama-drones ahlomile ekuhlaseleni abantu kude ezimpini ezisebenzayo kuye kwaphakamisa imibuzo ejulile ngokuphathelene nokuqondisa umthetho. E-United States, iSishayamthetho noma izinkantolo azizange zilinyanzele ngokuphumelelayo igunya lomphathi ukuba asebenzise amandla abulalayo alwa namaphekula ngaphandle kwezindawo zempi ezimenyezelwe. I-2001 AUMF iye yachazwa njengemvume yokuhlasela i-al-Qaeda, i-Taliban, kanye "amabutho ahlukene" nomaphi emhlabeni. Abagxeki baphikisa ukuthi lena yizithunywa ezilulayo ezilulaza indima ye-Congress Congress. Amanye amazwe, njengaseJalimane, afuna ukuvingles ekhothayo, kodwa amaqembu ahlaselayo ayivamile.

Ukugcina Ukuthula Nemisebenzi Yemicikilisho

Imisebenzi eminingi yanamuhla yenziwa ngaphansi komthetho we-NATO, i-African Union, noma i-UN. Ama-Legislature angalwa ekulawuleni ukuthatha uhlangothi kwezwe lawo ezithandweni ezihlangene lapho umyalo nomsebenzi ubekwa khona ngokuphindwe kaningi. Iphalamende lingavotela ukuvuma ukuhlanganyela emsebenzini wokugcina ukuthula, kodwa imithetho yokuthembisana nobude besikhathi ingashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Le "Imvume" ingasusa injongo ye-construction.

Izimfuneko Zenguquko Neziyalezo Zesikhathi Esizayo

Njengoba kwakunombango ophikelelayo phakathi kokuvumelana kwezimiso nesimiso sokuqondisa, kuye kwavela iziphakamiso eziningi zokulungisa isimo.

Ukuqinisa Isinqumo Samandla Empi

E-United States, iziphakamiso zihlanganisa ukuqinisa incazelo "yokuvikela," ukufushanisa iwashi lezinsuku eziyi 60, ifuna ukuvunyelwa kwesivumelwano ngaphambi kwanoma yiliphi inyathelo elibalulekile lempi, nokunciphisa ikhono likaMongameli lokusebenzisa i-AUMFs ekhona manje. I-2019 National Defense Legivince Act yahlanganisa amalungiselelo okubuyisela i-1991 kanye ne-Iraq AUMFs, kodwa i-Iraq ayikasetshenziswa ngokugcwele. Abanye abasekeli baphikisa ngokususa zonke izimvume ze-AUMFs ezikhona manje, ezinesikhathi esinembekiwe ezichaza isitha, indawo, kanye nonyakazonyakazonyakazo.

I - “gorio ” Ezempi

Amanye amazwe aye azama ukufuna ukuvunyelwa yiphalamende phakathi nenkathi emisiwe ngemva kokuqala kwemisebenzi, okufana nomthetho wezinyanga ezine waseFrance. Lokhu kunikeza umphathi wokuqala kodwa kuphoqelele ukuba kube nempikiswano yamuva. Izigunyazo ezinjalo "expost" aziphazamisanga kakhulu kunokubhalwa kwangaphambi kokubhalwa kodwa zisanikeza i-ekense.

Ukusetshenziswa Okungcono Kwamandla Entengo

I-Congress ingasebenzisa ukulawula okukhulu ngokudlulisa imikhawulo enqabela ukuxhaswa kwemali yemisebenzi ethile, noma ngokufuna ukuba izimali zivotelwe ngokwahlukana njengemithelela yokunezela. Indlu yabameleli ngezinye izikhathi iye yaphikisana ngokulungisa inqubo yokuqeda imisebenzi ejabulisayo eYemen nase Libya. Ukwenza ukuxhasa impi ngezimali kuphoqelele ukuzikhethela okucacile okungalawuleki.

Isivumelwano Somhlaba Wonke Sezinguquko

Ezweni lonke, ukuqinisa indima ye-UN Security Council ekugunyazeni amandla kunganciphisa ukuthembela esigabeni sokulawula. Nokho, isakhiwo esihlala njalo se-weto Council Security Council siseyisithiyo. Izindikimba zezifunda ezinjenge-African Union zisungule imithetho efuna ukuvunyelwa uhulumeni ngaphambi kokungenela, kodwa ngokuvamile lena ivimbela ukuvunyelwa kwemithetho ezweni.

Isiphetho

Amandla esishaya - mthetho sokumemezela impi nokugunyaza ukungenela kwezempi aseyisisekelo sombuso wentando yeningi. Iqinisekisa ukuthi isinqumo esiwumphumela omkhulu kakhulu isizwe singasenza − ukuthumela izakhamuzi zaso empini ("ingalawulwa umphakathi, imvume engokomthetho, nesibopho sokuziphendulela ngokwentando yeningi.' Nokho ukuziphendukela kwempi emakhulwini angamashumi amabili namashumi amabili namashumi amabili eminyaka kuye kwayivivinya ngokuqhubekayo lesimiso. Abaqondisi bezwe baye bathola izindlela zokudala zokudlulisa noma ukuchaza kabusha iziphakamiso zomthetho, futhi izishaya - mthetho ziye zangabaza kaningi ukuqinisa igunya lazo.

Ukubuyisela ukulinganisela phakathi kwesivinini nokwengamela kuyinselele eqhubekayo. Akudingi nje kuphela inguquko engokomthetho kodwa futhi nempucuko yezombangazwe ebheka impikiswano yemithetho njengebalulekile futhi emelana nomthetho wezikhulu eziphetheyo ekulondekeni kwesizwe. Izakhamuzi kumelwe zifune ukuba abameleli bazo abakhethiwe bathathe imibuso yempi ngokungathi sína, futhi abameleli kumelwe baphikelele ngendima yabo engokomthetho-sisekelo. Amandla okumemezela impi awayona nje inqubo yomthetho-mthetho-sisekelo; ayiyona inselele, inqubo esebenzayo okumelwe isetshenziswe ukuze kulondolozwe inqubo yezempi.

Ukuze ufunde ngokuqhubekayo, hlola umbiko wenkonzo AUS, Ikhathi leUN[, kanye nombiko wokucwaninga kwezeMpi [[[FLT]] uSowers . Lemicebo inikeza ukuqonda okujule kakhulu komthetho nomkhuba ongokomlando ochaza indima yendlu yomthetho ekugunyazeni ukusetshenziswa kwebutho lezempi.