Amapaki nezindawo zokuzijabulisa ziyizinsika eziyinhloko zokuphila komphakathi, zinikeza izindawo lapho abantu behlangana khona nemvelo, benza imisebenzi engokomzimba, futhi bakha izibopho zomphakathi. Nokho izinga, ukutholakala, nobude besikhathi eside kulezi zindawo akuvamile ukuba yingozi; zibunjwa ngokuqondile ukuqhubekeka kwezimali zikahulumeni. Ukusuka ezindaweni ezibanzi zasedolobheni kuya ezinkundleni ezincane zokudlala, izinqumo zezimali ezenziwa endaweni, esifundazwe, nakuwo hulumeni ukunquma ukuthi umphakathi uchuma noma ubhekene. Lesi sihloko sihlola indlela uhulumeni osekela ngayo izakhiwo zokwakha izakhiwo zomphakathi nezokuzilibazisa, izinselele ezihilelekile, nendlela imiphakathi engavikela ngayo imithombo edingekayo ukuze yakhe imidlalo emisha, engenakulinganiswa.

Indima Yezindawo Zokulondoloza Imvelo Emphakathini

Ukuqaphela lezinzuzo kuchaza ukuthi kungani ukusekela imali ngokuqhubekayo kubucayi.

Impilo Engokomzimba Nengokwengqondo

Ukungena njalo emapaki kukhuthaza ukuvivinya umzimba njengokuhamba, ukugijima, ukubhabhabha, nokuhlanganyela kwezemidlalo. Izibambo zezifo zokunqanda nokuvimbela izifo [CDC] zibhale ukuthi abantu abahlala eduze kwamapaki cishe bayakwazi ukuhlangabezana nokutuswa kokuvivinya umzimba kwansuku zonke, ukunciphisa izingozi zokukhuluphala, isifo senhliziyo, nesifo sikashukela. Izindawo eziluhlaza zinikeza izinzuzo zempilo: ukuchayeka ukucindezeleka okuphansi, ukuthuthukisa ngisho nokunciphisa izimpawu zokukhathazeka nokucindezeleka. Ukuhlola okukhishwe ku-

Ukubambisana Nomphakathi

Amapaki asebenza njengezindawo zokubuthana zentando yeningi lapho amaqembu ahlukene angahlangana khona, ahlanganyele okuhlangenwe nakho, futhi akhe ukuthembana. Izingadi zomphakathi, imikhosi, izimakethe zabalimi, nezinhlangano zezemidlalo konke kuxhomeke ezikhungweni zomphakathi ezihlala kahle. Enkathini yokwehlukana okukhulayo, amapaki akhuthaza ukuxhumana kobuhlobo [ futhi aqinise indwangu yomphakathi. Ukucwaninga ku- uHLO . [FLT] Ukuzijabulisa ne-Park Association (NRPA)[FLT] kubonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwepaki okuvamile kuhlobene namazinga aphakeme omphakathi nomphakathi.

Ukuvumelana Nendawo Ezungezile

Amapaki asedolobheni anengxenye enkulu empilweni engokwemvelo. Anciphisa imiphumela yesiqhingi sokushisa ezindaweni ezizungezile ngokupholisa izindawo ezizungezile, ngokudonsa amanzi anesiphepho ukuze kuncishiswe izikhukhula, nangokuthuthukisa izinga lomoya ngokucwenga. Izindawo eziluhlaza futhi zinikeza izinyoni, abathuthi bempova, nezinye izilwane zasendle, ukusekela izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ngisho nasemadolobhaneni aminyene. Amapaki aklanywe ngezitshalo zomdabu nemikhuba eqinile angasebenza njengemichibi yecarbon, isiza i-carbon ephethe, isiza ohulumeni bendawo ukuba bahlangabezane nezinhloso zesimo sezulu.

Ukubaluleka Kwezomnotho

Amapaki anezilinganiso eziphambili athuthukisa izinga lempahla, aheha ezokuvakasha, futhi avuselele umnotho wendawo. Ukuhlola okungu-2020 [u- Izwe Lomphakathi [ kwathola ukuthi amakhaya ahamba ngezinyawo ezimfushane eziyishumi zepaki anciphisa izindleko zemali ye-8/10% ezimakethe eziningi. Amapaki adweba izivakashi, ezichitha imali emabhizinisini aseduze, futhi akha imisebenzi ekulungiseni izinhlelo, nasekuzijabuliseni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukutshala ipaki kunganciphisa izindleko zokuphatha amanzi aphehlayo kanye nezindleko zezempilo zomphakathi.

Uhulumeni Uxhasa Imishini: Lapho Lemali Ivela Khona

Ukuqonda lemithombo kusiza imiphakathi ukuba ibone amathuba nokusekela ngokuphumelelayo.

Imishini Nezinhlelo Ezizimele

Esigabeni sikahulumeni, i-LWCF isebenzisa izimali eziphuma ku- ne-Mater Conservation Fund (LWCF) iwumthombo ovelele kakhulu wezimali zemisebenzi ye-paki yasezweni nasezindaweni ezizungezile. I-LWCF isebenzisa izimali ezivela ku-oyile waselunxwemeni nase-gassfera ukuze ifake imali ekutholeni indawo, ukuthuthukisa i-paki, nezindawo zokuzilibazisa. Nakuba i-Congress Congress iye yahlala ngaphansi kohlelo, iGreat American Outdoors Act ka-20202020 isiza ekusekeleni imali ehlala njalo, isamba sezigidi ezingu-R3 ngonyaka. Ezinye imithombo ye-ovalves zihlanganisa ukunikela imali evela ku-oyela .U. Inkonzo yasemahlathi[FLD:3]

Ukuthutha Kwezinga Likahulumeni

Ohulumeni bamazwe bavame ukunezela amadola kahulumeni ngokuhlela imali ebhajelwayo ngezindawo zokuhlela imali. Imali enikezelwe enjengemali ekhokhelwayo yelotho noma ukudluliswa kwezindawo. Ngokwesibonelo, intela ye-FLT:0 ye-Statedivercide Park Program ye- iqondise izigidi zezigidi emiphakathini engagciniwe. Nokho, izimali zikahulumeni zingashintshashintsha, ziqondene nemijikelezo yezomnotho nezingasithakazelo zezombangazwe eziguquguqukayo. Izifunda eziningi zibuye zinikeze izinhlelo ezithi ohulumeni bendawo bangazisebenzisa ngesisekelo sokuncintisana.

Imithombo yenzuzo yendawo

Ohulumeni bendawo bathembele kakhulu ezintela zempahla, izintela zentengo, kanye nezinqumo ezikhethekile zokuxhasa amapaki neminyango yokuzilibazisa. Eminye imiphakathi iye yamisa izigodi zentela ezinikezelwe noma amavoti agunyaziwe ngokukhethekile emicimbi yesibopho esikhethekile sokuthuthukisa ipaki. Emadolobheni amaningi, ingxenye yemali engongongozo jikelele yabelwa amapaki, kodwa lemali inganciphiswa phakathi nemali ehleliwe. Izimali zendawo zinikeza ukulawulwa okuqondile, kodwa futhi zidalula amapaki ukuba ancintisane nezinye imfuno yomphakathi nemfundo.

Ubudlelwane Nosizo Lomphakathi

Izinhlangano ziya ngokuya ziphendukela ekusebenzelaneni ngemiphakathi engazuzisi, izinkampani, ne-philantthropic izisekelo zokunezela izimali zomphakathi. I-Line-hever eDolobheni laseNew York iyisibonelo esidumile: inzuzo engaveli yomuntu siqu ephakamisa iningi lenhloko-nhloko futhi iqhubeke ixhasa imisebenzi ngeminikelo nangemvume. Amapaki amaningi ayazuza futhi ku apt-part-park[ izinhlelo, izinhlangano zenkampani ezixhasa izinhlangano (umz., ukubiza amalungelo emikhampani yemidlalo), kanye nezisebenzi zokuzithandela. Nakuba lemibuthano ingagcwalisa izikhala, futhi inyusa izinkathazo uma izikhungo ezicebile zikhanga ukuthengwa okunga.

Izinselele Nezithiyo Zokusekela Imali Enele

Naphezu kokubaluleka okucacile kwamapaki, ukuxhasa ngemali kuhlala kungavumelani futhi ngokuvamile akwanele. Izinselele eziningana ezilawulayo ziphazamisa ikhono lokwakha nokulondoloza izindawo zomphakathi eziphezulu.

Izingcindezi Zokusebenzisa Imali Nezinto Eziza Kuqala

Ohulumeni bendawo babhekene nokuncishiswa kwemisebenzi enzima, ikakhulukazi lapho kuwohloka kwezomnotho. Amapaki avame ukubhekwa njengezinto ezicatshangelwe, eziholela ekuncipheni kwemisebenzi ebalulekile efana namaphoyisa, umlilo, nezikole. Phakathi nokwehla kweGreat Recessition ka-2009, iminyango eminingi yamapaki yanciphisa isilinganiso esiphindwe kabili, futhi amanye awazange aphinde atholakale ngokugcwele. Ngisho nasezikhathini eziphambili zezomnotho, izicelo ezikhungadiselwayo zezindlu, izisekelo zezakhiwo, izisekelo, nezinkonzo zomphakathi zingaminyanisa ukutshala izimali.

Ukulungiswa Okungathembekile Nokuwohloka Kokuguga

Many parks suffer from a backlog of deferred maintenance—broken playground equipment, crumbling pathways, outdated restrooms, and failing irrigation systems. The NRPA estimates that local park agencies across the United States face over $60 billion in unmet capital needs. Without dedicated funding streams for maintenance, even beautifully designed parks deteriorate quickly, reducing usage and community support.

Ukusakazwa Okungalingani

Ukusekela ukwahlukana ngokuvamile kubonisa ukwahlukana kwezenhlalo nezinhlanga. Izindawo ezisezansi nezindawo ezinemibala ehlukahlukene zivame ukuba namapaki amancane, amahektare amancane, nezindawo eziphansi ezilingana nezindawo ezicebile. Lokhu kulingana akuyona ingozi; ukuguquka okungokomlando, izimiso zokuhlanganisa, nokungathandeki kwemidanti kuye kwadala ngokwehlelekile izingwadule zezwe ezihlukene. Uhulumeni usekela izinqumo kungaba nokukhuthaza noma ukulungisa lezizinto ezihlukene, kodwa ukufinyelela ukuhlelwa kwemininingwane yemininingwane ye-octive.

Ukuqashelwa Komphakathi Nokungaqondi

Izakhamuzi eziningi ziwathatha kalula amapaki noma azikuqondi ngokugcwele ukuhlobana phakathi kwemali ekhona nezinga lepaki. Ngaphandle kokukhomba iphimbo, izikhulu ezikhethiwe zingase zingawabekeli amapaki amapaki phezu kwezindaba ezibonakala kakhulu. Ukwakha iso lamapaki kudinga ukuxhumana okuqhubekayo ngezinzuzo, ukuhlelwa kwemali, namathuba okuthola inzuzo yezakhamuzi.

Izikhungo Zokunakekela Ipaki Elilondolozwayo

Ngenxa yalezi zinselele, imiphakathi kumelwe isebenzise izindlela ezisebenzayo ukuze iqiniseke ukuthi amapaki athola ukusekelwa okungokwezimali okudingekayo ukuze iphumelele.

Hlanganyela Nomphakathi Ebuqasheni

Ukusekela komphakathi okuhleliwe kungelinye lamathuluzi anamandla kakhulu okuthonya izinqumo ezingokwezimali. Friends-of-of-parks amaqembu , ukuhlanganisa komphakathi, kanye nokungazuzisi kwendawo kungandisa izwi lezakhamuzi, kufakazele emihlanganweni yemikhandlu yasedolobheni, futhi kuqhube imikhankaso yokuqaphela. Izembuyiselo zezenhlalakahle ne-inthane yezicelo ze-international yenza kube lula ukuhloba ukuhlobanisa isibopho sasepaki noma ukunqanda ukuhlelwa kwemali. Ukuphumelela kokuzalanisa ngokuvamile amapaki kungahlangani, kodwa njengendawo yempilo ebanzi nemali yezentengo yezentengo yezelo [[FLT:]

Hlaziya izithobo ezinamandla

Iminikelo ye-Federal ne-ovel incintisana, kodwa izicelo ezilungiselelwe kahle zingathuthukisa kakhulu amazinga empumelelo. Amanxusa amaningi amapaki anikezelwe ababhali noma asebenza nabo abahlola imishini yokuhlola. Izici eziyinhloko zihlanganisa: imigomo ecacile yomsebenzi ehambisana nezindawo eziphambili, ibonise isidingo somphakathi, izimali ezinemininingwane, nobufakazi bemali efanayo. i-Land ne-Ater Conservation Fund nezinhlelo zesifunda ze-Greenress Program ye-Accom ye-New Jersey] inikeza amapesenti nosizo lobuchwepheshe.

Sebenzisa amathuluzi okusekela Imali Akhekayo

Izakhamuzi zingathola imali elinganayo ngalé kwentela engokwesiko. Intela yemali ekhokhelwayo ifuna abakhi bezindawo zokuthengisela amapaki. intela yokuthengisa [[ incindinganiso yemali (umklondiswano, izingxenye zesenti) zingaveza imali eqinile uma ivunyelwe yi-consot. Amanye amadolobha asungule izisekelo [[FLT:] [[FLT] izisekelo] ezimukela intela yangasese nemali encishisiwe kakhulu. imisebenzi enciphisayo-enzayo [FLT] [FFLD:7] njengezindawo zokuhla, ukukhokha izimali (incishwa kwemiv) ezikhokhelwa kakhulu izimali, nakuba zincishisiwe kakhulu kwezakhamuziswe kakhulu.[FLT]

Izinhlelo Zokuzithandela Ezingapholi

Izisebenzi zokuzithandela azinakuthatha indawo yezisebenzi ezingochwepheshe nemali eshintshwayo, kodwa zinganweba imithombo elinganiselwe. Adopt-park izinhlelo, izinhlelo zomphakathi ezihlanzekile, nezenzakalo zokuzithandela zinciphisa izindleko zokunakekela nokuzigcina. Iminyango eminingi yamapaki ibuye isebenzise i-Americorps[ kanye nezinye izinhlelo zenkonzo zokunikeza isakhiwo sendlela yokugcina isakhiwo, ukususa izinhlobo zezilwane eziphilayo, nokufundisa indawo ezungezile.

Amaphuzu Ahlukahlukene Aphathelene Nenkolo

Izimali ze-parks ziphumelela kakhulu lapho abameleli bekha imifelandawonye emikhulu ehlanganisa ochwepheshe bezempilo, amaqembu emvelo, abaholi bamabhizinisi, izifunda, nezinhlangano ezingaphezulu. Ngokwesibonelo, i- i-Safects e-Parks [ ihlanganisa abalweli bezokuthutha, iminyango yezempilo yomphakathi, nezinhlangano zepaki ukukhuthaza ukufinyelela ipaki. I-omfela-mkhandlu ehlangene iveza inani elikhulu lomphakathi futhi inciphisa ukuwohloka kwezombangazwe.

Ukuhlola Izenzakalo Emalini Yokusekela Nokuphatha Ipaki Eliphumelelayo

Ukuhlola izibonelo eziphumelelayo kunikeza izifundo ezicacile zendlela amacebo okusekela imali angakha ngayo izindawo zomphakathi ezihlala njalo.

Central Park, eNew York City

Central Park mhlawumbe iyipaki lomphakathi elidume kakhulu eUnited States, i-843-acre eklanywe ngu-Frederick Law Olmsted noCalver Vaux. Ekuqaleni i-paki yaxhaswe yizibopho zasedolobheni, yancipha phakathi nekhulu lama-20 ngenxa yokunganaki nokuhlelwa kwemali. Inkathi yokushintsha ngo-1980 ngokudalwa kwemali ye-[FOLD] i-Central Park Consancy[[[FLL:1] [[FLY], inzuzo engabalulekile engakho ekhona manje elawula i-paki ngaphansi kwesivumelwano somuzi. Isikole sigcina izimali ezikhokhelwayo emhlabeni wonke. [inani eliyizigidi ezingu-40] Izisebenzi ezisemuva, iminikelo, inzuzo ehlawulwa inzuzo nenkokhelo. Inzuzo engaphezulu futhi ikhuliswe inzuzo yenkongosi yomphakathi womphakathi, i-onke i-osemuva kwezentengo yezisebenzi zeposi.[F3]

IMillennium Park, eChicago

IMillennium Park, i-octracture-acreation ebalazwe eChicago, iveza amandla [[FLT: 0] obudlelwane bomphakathi bemisebenzi yasedolobheni ehlangene. I-Chuniced njengendlela yokuguqula ibala lenja engabonakali, ipaki libiza izigidi ezingu-490 (494) ngezibalo zokuqala. Ukuxhasa izimali kwavela enkabeni yemiphakathi yedolobha (izigidi ezingu-370) neminikelo yangasese yezakhiwo ze-Roday (R520 000 000 000 000 000), kuhlanganise nezipho ezinkulu ezivela ePritzker kanye nezinye iziphiwo eziphithi. Ipaki liveza impumelelo enkulu yemisebenzi engoko futhi liveza ukukhomba umfanekiso okhangayo njenge-Chest Gate (“The Bean”), i-Dichker Paion, kanye ne-Lureens Park i-Exleen iveza ukuchuma kwayo okugcwele okukhulu futhi liveza impumelelo enkulu yezivakashi, nakuba ingenza imisebenzi ezindaweni ezicebile, nakuba iveza ukukhole kakhulu.

I - Phezulu, EDolobheni LaseNew York

I-High Line iwumsebenzi wokuthatha futhi [[FLT: 0] wokwenza umsebenzi owaguqula ujantshi ophakeme washiywa waba yipaki elingu-1.45-mamilerrar. Lomsebenzi waholwa yi-highor inzuzo yomphakathi, Firendiers yeHigh Line[FLD], eyaphakamisa izindleko zokuqala zemali eshiywe ngeminikelo eyimfihlo, isekelwe isisekelo sezakhiwo, futhi iminikelo yedolobha. Ipaki manje lilawulwa yinzuzo engaqhubeki ngokusekela idolobha. I-High Line Line ibe isibonelo sembulunga yonke yezindawo zokudala indawo, kodwa ibonisa futhi izinselele ezikhona: izinga eliphakeme kakhulu izakhiwo ezisecelene, ukukhiqiniza okuneze. Abasekeli bezindawo abacebile bazuzisa izakhiwo ezingcono kakhulu.

Imikhuba Yesikhathi Esizayo Ezindaweni Zokunakekela Nokuklama Kwendawo

Njengoba imiphakathi ishintshashintsha, kuba khona izindlela ezintsha zokusekela imali nokuklama amapaki ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo namathemba ashintshayo.

Ukusetshenziswa kweMali e-Active-Focced Ukuxhasa i-Altafica

Amadolobha amaningi athatha isisekelo esisekelwe ekusekelweni kwangaphambi kokubekwa kwe-pactory izinqubo eziqondisa ukuxhaswa kwemali ezindaweni ezikhona ngokwezesayensi. Amathuluzi anjenge- Park Service isisekelo esisuka ekuthembisweni kwezwe lomphakathi esisiza izikhulu ukuba zithole amabala epaki. Ngokwesibonelo, amabala eLos Angeles [[FLT:]] amaParks kanye nezokuzilibazisa zidinga i-Ascrectalsment[[[[FLLT:5]] zisebenzisa imitayela enjengepacrange yokwe-hectagee nge-0000 ne-yokusondelana ekuqondiseni izimali. Ukusekela imali kudinga ukuhlangana komphakathi nokuveza izimali.

Umklamo Osekelayo Nosekelayo

Amapaki aklanyelwe ukusebenza njengezezisekelo zemvelo ukuze ashintshe isimo sezulu. Imisebenzi enjenge eChicago ihlanganisa izindawo ezikwazi ukuhlalwa, izitshalo zomdabu, nezimiso zokukhuphula amanzi. Ukuxhasa lezi zinto kungavela ezinhlandleni zendawo ezungezile, ezinkokhelweni zamanzi ashisayo, nasezibophweni zokuzivuselela. Ukuziqinisa kunwebeka futhi kuhlanganisa nemisebenzi: ukukhanya kwamandla elanga, izimoto zokulondoloza ugesi, kanye nenkonkozo yamanzi kunciphisa izindleko ezinde.

Ukusetshenziswa Kobuchwepheshe Kokuphatha Nokuhlanganyela Ecaleni

Amathuluzi ezibalo asiza iminyango yamapaki ukuba isebenze ngokunempumelelo futhi ixhumene nemiphakathi. Kusigxina kwezimiso zezindawo, ama-apps ahambayo amabalazwe ezenzakalo nezinhlelo zezenzakalo, kanye nokusayinwa kwamanani kuyasetshenziswa. Amanye amadolobha asebenzisa [ imishini ye-metersneration [ yokuhlola indlela yokusetshenziswa kwemali, ukunisela ngenkamisa, nokuhlola izidingo. i-Commony i-protets" ivumela izakhamuzi ukuba zinikeze ukunikeza ukuhlelwa kohlelo lwepaki nokuhlelwa kwemali. Lezobuchwepheshe zidinga ukukhiqiniswa kwemali kodwa zingathuthukisa ukusebenza komsebenzisi nokusebenza.

Izibonelo Ezikhokhela Ukuqabuleka

Izimiso zamapaki eziphumelela kakhulu zihlanganisa imithombo yazo yezimali ukuze zikwazi ukumelana nesimo sezomnotho. I-producted ingahlangana: intethelelo enikezelwe yendawo ye-levy (ikwehla i-40% yezindleko zokusebenza), i-modual kanye nemali kahulumeni (30%), ithole imali evela evumelwaneni nasendizeni (20%), neminikelo yangasese/izisebenzi zangasese (10%). Ukusetshenziswa okunjalo kunciphisa ukuthambekela kunoma yimuphi umfula wezimali kodwa kudinga amandla okulawula ukukhokha izinkonzo eziningi kanye nokubambisana.

Isiphetho

Imali kahulumeni itshe eliyindawo yokwakhela kuyo amapaki nezindawo zokuzijabulisa zendawo lapho kwakhiwa khona, kulungiswa futhi kwanwetshwa. Kusukela kuyizinhlelo zikahulumeni ezinjengeLand and Water Conservation Fund kuya ezinkokhisweni zendawo, imithombo yokusekela ihlukahlukene(kodwa kodwa ayiqiniseki. Izinzuzo zezindawo zokuhlala ezimi kahle, izibopho eziqinile, indawo ehlanzekile, nempahla ephakeme. Kodwa izinselele eziqhubekayo ezinjengemali yokuhlela impahla, ukugcinwa kwempahla, nokungadilinywa kwezindlela zokuzihambela phambili. Izindawo ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, ilandela imifudlalo ehlukahlukene, nezindawo zokuhlala ezingakhiyo ezingadala amapaki akhonza wonke umuntu. Ukutshala izimali ezimapaki akuyona izindleko ezinde; ukuthengwa kwemali ezindaweni zokuhlala nezokuzinziwa.