Ukuqonda isimiso sokuhlola nokulinganisela kuyisidingo esiwusizo kusona sonke isakhamuzi esifuna ukuhlanganyela ngokunenjongo emphakathini wentando yeningi. Lesi simiso sesisekelo siqinisekisa ukuthi amandla anikezwa phakathi kwamagatsha ahlukene kahulumeni, ngalinye linekhono lokulinganisela izenzo zabanye. Ngokwenza kanjalo, kuvimbela noma isiphi isici esisodwa ukuba sibuse uhulumeni futhi sivikele amalungelo nenkululeko yabantu. Kubantu, ukuqonda ukuthi umsebenzi ohlolayo nolinganiselayo kuyisinyathelo sokuqala ekugcineni uhulumeni wabo unomthwalo wokuziphendulela futhi uqinisekise ukuthi ufeza isithakazelo somphakathi. Ukuhlolwa okubanzi kwemikhakha yomlando wemisebenzi yanamuhla, kwembula ukuthi kungani lesi simiso sisabalulekile ukuze sisebenze ngendlela engcono.

Yini Amaketanga Nokulinganisela?

Amasesha nokulinganisa kuyisikhombo esibusayo lapho amagatsha kahulumeni ahlukene enawo anamandla adlulele avumela ukuba anqande izenzo zomunye nomunye. Leligama ngokwalo lisho isimiso sokwengamela: igatsha ngalinye linga "hlola" amandla elinye, futhi ukusakaza amandla kungu "ukulinganiswa" ukuze kuvimbele ukugxiliswa. Lomqondo usekelwe kuyifilosofi yezombangazwe yokukhanyiselwa, ikakhulukazi imiqondo kaBaron de Montesquieu, owalwela ukwahlukana kwamandla emsebenzini wakhe "UMoya woMthetho". EUnited States, uFatherssss ngokufaka lesimiso somthetho, ukudala isimo lapho umthetho, umphathi, namagatsha okwahlulela ehlala khona amandla kodwa ezimele. Umgomo awukho ukuphumelela kodwa ukulondoloza ukubambisana nokusebenzisana kwezimiso zegunya.

Umthetho-sisekelo wase-U.S., wagunyazwa ngo-1788, wahlukanisa ngokucacile phakathi kwamagatsha amathathu. Ngokwesibonelo, iSiphakamiso Inikeza imibuso yemithetho engokomthetho kuKhomishane, iSiphakamiso III izicathulo ezinamandla okulawula kuMongameli, neSiphakamiso III simisa amandla okwahlulela. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kuqiniswa ngezindlela ezivumela igatsha ngalinye ukuba lihlole amanye. IFederalist Papers, ikakhulukazi Federalist No. 51 nguJames Madison, chaza indlela ukulangazelela okungenziwa ngayo ukulwa nesifiso sokuvelela, kuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho gatsha elilodwa elidlula imingcele yalo. Faderalist. Kuyi-National Archives[FLD [FLD][FLD:1]

Amagatsha Amathathu Kahulumeni

UMthetho - sisekelo wase-U.S. umisa amagatsha amathathu ahlukene kahulumeni, ngalinye elinemisebenzi yalo eyinhloko namandla. Ukuqonda lamagatsha kubalulekile ekuqondeni indlela amasesha nezilinganiso ezisebenza ngayo.

Igatsha Elingokomthetho

Igatsha lemithetho, elaziwa ngokuthi iSishaya-mthetho, lakhiwa yiSishaya-mthetho neNdlu yabameleli. Isibopho salo esiyinhloko ukwenza imithetho. ISishaya-mthetho sibuye sibe namandla okumemezela impi, ukulawula ezentengiselwano zamazwe ahlukene nakwamanye amazwe, ukulawula intela nemali echithwayo, nokuqinisekisa noma ukulahla ukumiswa komongameli. Igatsha lemithetho livame ukubhekwa njengelinamandla kakhulu ngoba lilawula izintambo zezikhwama futhi limelela abantu ngokuqondile. Nokho, amandla alo ahlolwa isikhulu namagatsha enkantolo, njengoba sizobona.

Igatsha Eliphethe

Igatsha eliphethe liqondiswa uMongameli we-United States, okhonza njengenhloko yombuso nomphathi-khulu wamabutho ahlomile. Umsebenzi oyinhloko kaMongameli uwukuphoqelela imithetho edluliswa yiKhomishane. Igatsha eliphethe lihlanganisa i-Pace Presidenti, iKhabine, nezinhlangano eziningi zikahulumeni nezinhlangano. UMongameli unamandla okumisa umthetho, ukumisa abahluleli bahulumeni nezikhulu zezikhulu, ukuhlanganisa izivumelwano, nokuthethelela. La mandla angaphansi kokuhlola amanye amagatsha, njengokuqinisekiswa kweSishayamthetho nokubukezwa kwezenzo zezikhulu zokwahlulela.

Igatsha Lokwahlulela

Igatsha lokwahlulela lineNkantolo Ephakeme nezinkantolo eziphansi zikahulumeni ezimiswe yiSishaya-mthetho. Indima yalo eyinhloko iwukuchaza imithetho nokuqinisekisa ukuthi isebenza ngokufanele. Ijaji linamandla okuhlola ukwahlulela, okusho ukuthi lingamemezela imithetho noma izenzo zokuphatha ezingekho ngokwemithetho. Lombuso uyisivivinyo esibucayi emagatsheni omthetho nasemagatsheni aphethe. Abahluleli abaphethe bamiswa ukuze baphile, okubasiza ukuba benze izinqumo ezisekelwe emthethweni kunokucindezela kwezombangazwe. Nokho, ijaji elincishwa amanye amagatsha: i-Congress ingabangrestate futhi isuse amajaji, futhi abahluleli bahluleli bemisa imvume yeSishayamthetho.

Indlela Osebenza Ngayo Nokulinganisela

Isimiso sokuhlola nokulinganiswa akuyona imithetho ehleliwe kodwa indlela ehlanganisa amandla nezindlela zokulwa. Nazi ezinye zezinqubo eziyinhloko igatsha ngalinye elihlola ngazo ezinye.

Ukuhlola Imithetho Emagatsheni Aphethe Nahluleli

  • IVEto Engabambi: Isikhongozeli singadlula i-veto kamongameli ngenani eliphindwe kabili-ntathu emagumbini womabili, ivumele incwadi ukuba ibe umthetho ngaphandle kwemvume kaMongameli.
  • Isiqinisekiso sokumisa: ISigele kumele siqinisekise ukumiswa komongameli wezikhundla zeKhabhinethi, amajaji kahulumeni, namanxusa.
  • [ I-Ratiation: ISigele kumelwe sivumele izivumelwano ezixoxwe nguMongameli ngevoti eyisithathu.
  • [ Ingqungquthela ingaphazamisa futhi isuse uMongameli, uMongameli ongumKhosi, namajaji kahulumeni ngenxa "yomcabango, ukufumbathisa, noma ezinye izenzo zobugebengu ezinkulu kanye namaphutha"
  • Ukulawula kobuhlanya: UKhongolose lulawula izindleko zikahulumeni futhi lungasusa izinyathelo zokuphatha noma imisebenzi yokwahlulela.
  • Isakhiwo se-Courtut:[ Congress ingaguqula isimo sejaji likahulumeni, kuhlanganise nokwakha noma ukuqeda izinkantolo eziphansi, futhi inqume inani lamajaji eNkantolo Ephakeme.

Isikhulu Esiphethe Sihlola Amagatsha Angokomthetho Nahlulele

  • I-Veto Power:[ UMongameli angawudlulisa umthetho odluliselwe yi-Congress, aphoqelele uMkhandlu ukuba uphinde ucabangele noma ufune ama-3-3.
  • A Power yokwabela: uMongameli umisa amajaji kahulumeni, kuhlanganise namajaji eNkantolo Ephakeme, afanelwe isiqinisekiso seSishaya-mthetho. Lokhu kunikeza ithonya lomphathi phezu kwejaji.
  • Pradon Power: UMongameli angathethelela ubugebengu bukahulumeni, obungadlula izigwebo zokwahlulela.
  • [ Iziqondiso ezisebenzayo: UMongameli angakhipha iziyalo zesikhulu esinamandla omthetho, nakuba zingabekelwa inselele enkantolo.
  • [ I-Compraler-in-Chieempe: UMongameli uhola amabutho ahlomile, kodwa uKhongolo-khampani lumemezela impi nezimali kwezempi, lwenza ukulinganisela.

Ukwahlulela Kuhlola Amagatsha Angokomthetho Naphethe

  • Jodicial Review: INkantolo ePhakeme nezinkantolo zikahulumeni eziphansi zingamemezela imithetho noma izenzo zezikhulu ezingavumelani nemithetho, ezizenzi zingasasebenzi.
  • [ Ukufakwa kwemithetho: Izinkantolo ezichaza incazelo yezimiso noMthetho-sisekelo, ongalinganisela indlela imithetho esetshenziswa ngayo.
  • Amajaji e-Forence Creatimes: asebenza ukuphila, abavikela ekucindezeleni kwezombangazwe, kodwa lokhu kusho futhi ukuthi abanacala ngokuqondile kumavoti.

Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi alikho igatsha elingathatha isinyathelo ngaphandle kokuqondisa kwabanye. Ngokwesibonelo, umthetho odluliswa yiSishayandlela ungamiswa nguMongameli, kodwa uKhongolo lungawulawula lowo mthetho. Uma umthetho usamiswa, iNkantolo Ephakeme ingawushaya uma iphula uMthetho-sisekelo. Lesi simiso esigqunyweyo sidala amathuba amaningi empikiswano, ukuyekethisa, nokulungisa. Icala lesifunda [marbury v. Madison [183]]) simise isimiso sokubukeza, simise isimiso sokuhlola, sifaka indima ye-judicary njengegatsha elilinganayo. [FLT:] PBS] inikeza imininingwane ye-Marbury.[FLD]

Isizathu Sokuba Kuhlolwe Futhi Kulinganiswe

Ukubaluleka kokuhlola nokulinganisela akunakuchazwa ngokweqile. Kuyindawo eqinile yokubusa kwentando yeningi, kuqinisekisa ukuthi amandla awagxili egatsheni elilodwa noma kumuntu oyedwa. Nazi izizathu eziningana eziyinhloko ezenza lesi simiso sibaluleke.

Ukuvimbela Ukuxhaphaza

Injongo eyinhloko yokuhlola nokulinganisela iwukuvimbela ukunqwabelana kwamandla angaholela ekubuseni. Ngokuhlukana kwegunya, lesi simiso senza kube nzima nganoma yiliphi igatsha ukubusa. Lesi simiso sasiyimpendulo eqondile ekubusweni kombuso wababusi futhi sesaba ukuthi uhulumeni onamandla ophethe ungaba ocindezelayo. OFata Abasungulwayo baklama uMthetho-sisekelo ukuba uqaphe i-autocracy, njengoba kubonakala ekusakazweni kwemibuso yempi, igunya lentela, nomthetho.

Ukulandisa nokubona ngale

Uma amagatsha kudingeka azwane futhi ahlolane, aphoqeleka ukuba athethelele izenzo zawo nezinqumo. Lokhu kukhuthaza ukulandisa, njengoba igatsha ngalinye libheka amanye. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuqulwa kwamacala esizwe kungahlola izinqumo zobuphathi, futhi izinqumo zokwahlulela zingadalula amaphutha angokomthetho. Izakhamuzi ziyazuza kulobu bufakazi, njengoba zingaqonda kangcono indlela uhulumeni wazo osebenza ngayo. Imfuneko yokuba uMongameli anikeze iZwe le-Union kanye nesimo somphakathi sezimpikiswano zeNkanto ephakeme iyisibonelo sokukhanya okusobala.

Isivikelo Samalungelo Abantu Ngabodwa

Imishini yokuhlola nokulinganisela kuvikela ngokuqondile amalungelo omuntu ngamunye nenkululeko. Igatsha lokwahlulela, ngokuhlola kokwahlulela, lingagawula imithetho ephazamisa isivikelo somthetho-sisekelo njengenkululeko yokukhuluma, inkolo, nenqubo efanele. Igatsha eliphethe lingakhipha imithetho engase ilimaze inkululeko yomphakathi, futhi i-Congress ingamisa imithetho ukuze ivikele amalungelo. Isimiso siqinisekisa ukuthi noma ikuphi ukugxambukela emalungelweni kuxhomeke ekuhlolweni nasekulungiseni. I-Bill of Rights, ukuqedwa kokuqala kweMithethombe, ukubuyiselwa koMthetho-sisekelo, kuyisibonakaliso esiqondile sale nkululeko yomphakathi, okugcinwa ngesimiso senkantolo.

Isikhuthazo Sokuhlehla Nokungaguquguquki

Ngenxa yokuthi alikho igatsha elingathatha isinyathelo sodwa, amagatsha kumelwe azwane futhi avumelane ukuze afeze imigomo yawo. Lokhu kuxabana kunganciphisa ukwenza izinqumo, kodwa futhi kuvimbela nezenzo ezithathekayo noma ezeqisayo. Isidingo sokuvumelana ngokuvamile siholela ezimisweni ezizinzile nezicatshangelwe ngokucophelela. Ngokwesibonelo, isimemezelo esidlula kuzo zombili izikhongozelo zoMkhandlu, sisayinwa nguMongameli, futhi siqhubeke sibhekene nenselele yokwahlulela kungenzeka ukuba isekelwe kakhulu. Lenqubo, nakuba ngezinye izikhathi iphazamisa, yakha ukuthembeka nokwethenjwa umphakathi emithethweni ewumphumela.

Ukuzivumelanisa Nezimo Nokuzivumelanisa Nezimo

Isimiso sokuhlola nokulinganisela siklanyelwe ukuvumelana nezimo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukulinganisela kwamandla kungashintsha njengoba amagatsha ahlukene eqinisa igunya lawo. Umthetho-sisekelo unikeza uhlelo olungaguqula ngokulungisa, izinqumo zenkantolo, nokusebenza. Lokhu kuvumela uhulumeni ukuba aphendule izinselele ezintsha kuyilapho egcina isimo sawo esiyisisekelo. Ngokwesibonelo, inkathi entsha ye-New Deal yabona iNkantolo ePhakeme kakhulu iqala ukuhlasela izinguquko ezithile zezomnotho, kodwa kamuva isekela ezinye, futhi ihlela imithetho ehlelelwe ukuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zomthetho-mthetho-sisekelo. Lokhu kuvumela isimiso ukuba sigcine isimiso sisebenza ezizukulwaneni.

Izibonelo Zezwe Langempela Zamasheke Nokulinganisela Okusebenzayo

Lezi zibonelo zibonisa ukuthi isimiso sisebenza ngesikhathi esibucayi noma sempikiswano.

Ihlanekezelo Lamanzi

Phakathi nawo-1970, ihlazo le-Watergate labonisa indlela amasheke nezilinganiso ezingagcina ngayo igatsha eliphethe icala. Lapho uMongameli uRichard Nixon ehilelekile ekunqamuleni endlunkulu yeDemocratic National Committee Committee yahlola. ISishaya-Magete Gamead yalalela imicimbi eyaveza ukusetshenziswa kabi kwamandla. [INkantolo Ephakeme:] eUnited States v. Nixon, yayala uMongameli ukuba akhulule itepiote-tepediod, alahle ukuzisholo kwakhe ilungelo lokuphatha. Ukungamela kwe House ofscrests, Nixon. Lokhu kubonisa ukulandelena kwegatsha lokuhlola, ubufakazi bokwahlulela, nomphathi wegatsha ekugcineni. [FFogte:]

INkantolo Ephakeme Namalungelo Omphakathi

Igatsha lokwahlulela liye laba nendima eyinhloko ekulolongeni amalungelo abantu ngamandla alo okuhlola ukwahlulela. Brown v. Ibhodi yemfundo (1954]), iNkantolo Ephakeme yamemezela ukuthi izinhlanga zizimele ezikoleni zomphakathi, isifundazwe esilawulayo nemisebenzi yendawo. Lesinqumo saphoqelela igatsha eliphethe (ngaphansi kukaMongameli Eisenhower) ukuba linyanze idedede, kuhlanganise nokuthumela amabutho kahulumeni eLittle Rock, Arkansas. Kamuva iSivumelwano sadlulisa i-Cavin Act ka-rect ka-649 kanye ne-Voting Rights Rights Act ka-6565, okwamelana inselele inselele imicimbi yomthetho wezomthetho wezomthetho wezomthetho wezomthetho.

Ukulwela Nokuphinde Ususwe

Inqubo yokujezisa iwukuhlolwa okuqondile kwegatsha lezemithetho emagatsheni aphethe nahluleli. UMongameli uAndrew Johnson, uBill Clinton, noDonald Trump bonke bagxekwa yindlu, nakuba kungekho muntu owalahlwa icala yiSigele. Lenqubo ibonisa ukuthi uMkhandlu ungaphenya futhi ugcine abaholi benecala, ngisho noma ukususwa kwemithetho kungafezwa ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngokufanayo, amajaji asemthethweni aye afundiswa futhi asuswa ngenxa yokuziphatha okubi, njengasendabeni yoMahluleli G.Thomas Porttyty Jr., owasuswa yiSigele sonyaka ka-2010. Le nqubo isebenza njengesithiyo sokuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kabi kwamandla futhi isekele ubuqotho bawo wonke amagatsha.

Indlela Izakhamuzi Ezingasekela Futhi Ziqinise Ngayo Amasheke Nokulinganisela

Isimiso sokuhlola nokulinganisela asincikile nje kuphela ezenzweni zezikhulu zikahulumeni kodwa nasenzweni sokwaziswa nesokuthembisa umphakathi. Izakhamuzi zinendima ebalulekile ekuqikeleleni ukuthi isimiso sisebenza ngendlela ehlongozwe ngayo. Nazi izindlela eziningana zokuhileleka.

Hlala Uzazi Izenzo Zikahulumeni

Ukuqonda lokho igatsha ngalinye likahulumeni elikwenzayo kuyisisekelo sokuthembisana kwesizwe. Landela izindaba ezivela emithonjeni ethembekile, funda imibono yeNkantolo Ephakeme, nomthetho wokulandela imikhondo ezindaweni ezinjenge Conrev.gov. Qaphela iziyalezo zezikhulu, izibopho zenkantolo, nezikweletu eziphikiswayo. Ulwazi lukunika amandla okubona amaphutha angathi angavela emandleni aphezulu futhi ulwele ukuba ulandise icala. Beka izixwayiso zewewewebhusayithi zikahulumeni noma izikhokhelo zezinhlangano ezingezona eziqondisa umsebenzi kahulumeni.

Hlakulela Zonke Izindlela Okhetha Ngazo

Ukukhetha kuyindlela eyinhloko yokuthonya ukulinganisela kwamandla. Ukusekela uMongameli, amalungu eSishaya-mthetho, ngisho nezikhulu zendawo kuthinta ukuthi yimaphi amagatsha kahulumeni alawulwa yiqembu. Uma okhetho bencintisana, abazovota bathambekele kakhulu ekuhlonipheni amasheke nezimiso. Futhi, amavoti eziphakamisweni kanye nokhetho olukhethekile ukuze kulolonge inkundla yabazocela. Ukuvota kwakho kungasiza izikhulu ezikhethiwe ezizimisele ukusekela izimiso zomthetho-mthetho. Cabangela amapulatifomu abazo ngokuqondene nokusekela kwabo ukuqondisa, ukuzimela kokwahlulela, kanye negunya lomthetho.

Xhumana Nabameleli Bakho

Ukufinyelela izikhomba-ndlela zakho nabameleli kuyindlela eqondile yokuthonya iziphetho ze-opera ze-opera. Bhala izincwadi, thumela ama-imeyili, noma uthinta amahhovisi azo ukuze aveze imibono yakho ngomthetho, ukugunyaza, noma izenzo zezikhulu. Izikhulu eziqashelwe zivame ukubheka ukuhlolelwa lapho zenza izinqumo. Le mpendulo ingazikhuthaza ukuba zisebenzise amandla azo okuhlola, njengokuhlola noma imibuzo, uma kudingeka. Uma kudingeka, zisho ngokuqondile izinto ezikukhathazayo futhi zikhombe izihloko zakho ukuze ziphumelele ngokwengeziwe.

Umsekeli Wokubonisana Nokulandisa

Izinhlangano ezisekela ukuveza obala kukahulumeni, njenge- Cententer for Responsive Politics noma i-Sunight Foundation. Yiba khona emihlanganweni yomphakathi, cela amaphepha ngaphansi kwenkululeko yolwazi, futhi uhlanganyele ezinkathini zokukhulumela umphakathi ngezimiso ezihlolwayo. Ngokufuna ukuba abantu bakhululeke, izakhamuzi ziqinisekisa ukuthi izenzo zikahulumeni ziyabonakala futhi zihlolwe umphakathi. Imihlangano yasendaweni, izikhawu zesikole, nemikhandlu yesikole, nemikhandlu yedolobha nazo ziyizindawo zokuhlola lapho izingcingo nezilinganiso zingaqiniswa khona ezingeni lomphakathi.

Ukuhlanganyela Ezinqubweni Zokwahlulela

Igatsha lokwahlulela lixhomeke ezakhamuzini ukuba lilethe amacala avivinya imingcele yomthetho. Uma ukholelwa ukuthi amalungelo akho aphuliwe, cabangela ukufuna usizo olungokomthetho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, khonza enkantolo lapho ubizwa, njengoba lokhu kuwukusetshenziswa okuqondile kwamandla egatsha lokwahlulela. Qonda ukuthi ukumiswa kokwahlulela nakho kuthonywa umbono womphakathi; izinyunyana zingazizwa zicindezelwa abameleli lapho ziqinisekisa. Ukungenela inqubo yokwahlulela kusiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi izinkantolo zihlala zinecala futhi zibonise izindinganiso zomphakathi.

Fundisa Abanye Futhi Uhlanganyele Enkulumweni

Xoxa ngeziphetho kanye nezilinganiso nabangane, umkhaya, namalungu omphakathi. Xoxa ngokwaziswa kwezezokuxhumana, bhala ama-op-ead, noma izingxoxo zomphakathi. Uma abantu abaningi beqonda indlela isimiso esisebenza ngayo, basengozini kakhulu yokusisekela futhi bahlanganyele. Imfundo ye-CBICO iyithuluzi elinamandla lokusekela idemokrasi. Cabangela ukuzinikela ngezinhlangano ezifana izi-CIC [ ukuthuthukisa imfundo yezezezesizwe ezikoleni. Isazi sezesizwe siyithuluzi lokuhlola ekugcineni emandla kahulumeni.

Isiphetho: Ukudingeka Okuhlala Njalo Kokuhlola Nokulinganisela

Amasesha nama-aspect worms akuwona umqondo ongabonakali ovela encwadini yomphakathi; iwuhlelo oluphilayo, oluphefumulayo olulawula zonke izici zokubusa. Ukusuka kumahholo eNkantolo Ephakeme ukuya eKamelweni LeNkantolo Ephakeme, lesi simiso siqinisekisa ukuthi amandla ayahlanganyelwa, aphikiswana, futhi ekugcineni aqondiswe ekusizeni umphakathi. Nakuba lesi simiso singaphelele. [1] Singaholela ekuvuseleni i-clock no-detransshipship.=iyindlela engcono kakhulu esasungulwa ukuvikela inkululeko ekusebenziseni amandla.

Kuzakhamuzi, ukuthatha indawo kucacile: ukuqonda nokulinganisela kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokuhlanganyela ngokukhuthele. Ngokuhlala unolwazi, uvota, uhlanganyela nabameleli, futhi ukhuthaza ukuba kubonakale, usiza ekugcineni isimiso sinempilo. Umbuso wentando yeningi awuwona umdlalo obonwayo; udinga ukuqapha njalo nokuhileleka. Njengoba uThomas Jefferson ashilo ngodumo, "Intengo yenkululeko iwukuqapha kwaphakade." Isimiso sokuhlola nokulinganisela sinikeza isakhiwo, kodwa kungokokwakheka kwezakhamuzi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi sisetshenziswa ngokuphumelelayo.

Kulesinkathi sokushintsha okusheshayo nokuhlukana kwezombangazwe, izimiso zokuhlola nokulinganisela zibaluleke kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili. Zisikhumbuza ukuthi akekho umuntu oyedwa noma igatsha onazo zonke izimpendulo, nokuthi ukubambisana nokuqondisa kubalulekile ukuze kutholwe kahle. Ngokusebenzisa lezizimiso, izakhamuzi zinganikela kuhulumeni olandisayo, osabelayo, nonikezelwe ekubuseni komthetho. Ikusasa lentando yeningi lixhomeke kulokhu.