Imvelaphi Yamasheke Nokulinganisela Ekubuseni KwaseMelika

Isimiso sokuhlola nokulinganisela asisona isici esizenzakalelayo sesimiso sase-U.S.; siwumklamo wangamabomu osuselwa enkathini yokusungulwa. Abakhi bomthetho-mthetho, abathonywe yizihlakaniphi zokukhanyiselwa njengoMontesquieu, bafuna ukwakha uhulumeni ozogwema ubushiqela ababenabo ngaphansi kokubusa kweBrithani. Baqonda ukuthi amandla agxilise kunoma iyiphi into eyodwa, “‘ u-‘iphonal homal,'indlu yomthetho, noma u-andida ethandwayo (*'ingaholela ekusebenziseni kabi.) Ngenxa yalokho, bakha isimiso esihlukanisa igunya hhayi phakathi kwamagatsha amathathu ahlangene kodwa phakathi kohulumeni nohulumeni bendawo, futhi naphakathi kwezindawo zendawo. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi amandla ageleza ngokulingana ngokulingana nangokujule, ukumelana nokunye, ukumelana nokuphikisa okumelene nokweqile.

Lesakhiwo sivame ukuchazwa ngokuthi i-federalism, ukuhlanganyela komthetho-sisekelo amandla phakathi kukahulumeni ophakathi nezinhlangano zezombangazwe ezihlangene. ISichibiyelo seshumi sigcina ngokucacile ezindaweni (futhi ngokwengxenye, ezindaweni) yonke imibuso engaphathiswanga i-United States noma enqatshelwe ezweni. Lendawo yakha itshekiswe i-scheck enhlo nezilinganiso ezimile. Ukuqonda indlela lezinhloli ezisebenza ngayo kudinga ukubhekisa eduze isilinganiso ngasinye (endawo, isifundazwe, isifundazwe, nomthetho) nezimiso ezizigcina zisesilinganisweni esiqinile.

Izinga Lasendaweni: Isilinganiso Esiphambili Sokubusa

Ohulumeni bendawo − amazwekazi, amadolobha, izifunda, nezigodi ezikhethekile − iwuhlobo olusheshayo lukahulumeni kubantu abaningi baseMelika. Baphatha izinkonzo zezinsuku zonke ezithinta izinga lokuphila ngokuqondile, kusukela ekuqoqweni kwemfucumfucu kuya kumaphoyisa. Nokho ohulumeni bendawo ababona abalawuli; bayizidalwa zikazwelonke. Umthetho ngamunye wendawo, ukukhokha intela, noma i-levy ukhona kuphela ngenxa yokuthi umbuso unikeze lelogunya, ngokwesiko noma umthetho ovamile. Lokhu kuxhomekeka kulokhu kuhlola okuyinhloko: iziphakamiso zikahulumeni zendawo, izinhlangano zendawo ezincishisiwe, noma ukushintsha amandla awo ngezinguquko zemithetho.

Imithwalo Yemfanelo Namandla Ohulumeni Bendawo

Ohulumeni bendawo basebenzisa imibuso eminingi edingekayo ekuphileni komphakathi.

  • Ukuphepha kwe-Public: ukuhlanganisa amaphoyisa neminyango yomlilo, izinkonzo zezokwelapha eziphuthumayo, kanye namajele endawo.
  • Imfundo:[ Isebenzisa i-K-12 izimiso zesikole somphakathi (ngokuvamile ngamabhodi ezikole ezizimele).
  • Izakhiwo: Ukwakha nokulungisa imigwaqo, amabhuloho, ukutholakala kwamanzi, izimiso zendle, kanye nokuthutha komphakathi.
  • [[Umthetho:0] Usetshenziswa kanye nokwakhiwa kwezwe: ukulawula ukusungulwa kwempahla, izikhombi zezindlu, nezimiso zendawo ezungezile.
  • [[UMTL:0] Izinkonzo zempilo nezezenhlalo: zisebenza imithola-mpilo yomphakathi, amapaki, imitapo, imitapo, nezikhungo zakudala.
  • [ Intela yendawo:[ Ukukhokha izintela zempahla, izintela zokuthengisa (lapho kuvunyelwe), kanye nenkokhelo yezinkonzo.

Ububanzi balemithwalo yemfanelo busho ukuthi izinqumo zendawo zingaba nemiphumela emikhulu. Ukubusa kwebhodi ephethe indawo entsha yokuhlala kungathinta ukuphumelela amashumi eminyaka; ukukhetha kweklasi yezifundo zesikole kungaguqula imfundo yesizukulwane. Ngoba izikhulu zendawo zivame ukukhethwa noma zimiswe yizindikimba ezikhethiwe, izakhamuzi zinendlela eqondile yokuzinika isibopho sokuziphendulela.

Ama - e - records Egunyeni Lendawo

Nakuba ohulumeni bendawo benamandla amakhulu, basebenza ngaphansi kwemingcele eqinile ebekwe amazinga aphakeme kahulumeni.

  • Isimo se-state:[ Izishaya-mthetho zikaHulumeni zingamisa imithetho edlula imithetho yendawo. Ngokwesibonelo, izifunda eziningi ziye zalahla imithetho yeholo elilinganiselwe lendawo noma izinyathelo zokulawula.
  • Izimo zezwe nezindawo zezimali zikahulumeni: IGrant ezivela emazingeni aphezulu zivame ukuvela nezintambo ezinamathele/ngokwesibonelo, ezidinga ukuhambisana nezindinganiso zendawo ezungezile noma izimiso ezingaguquguquki.
  • Ukubukeza okungokwesiko: Izinkantolo zingaqeda izenzo zendawo eziphula umthetho-mthetho wezwe, umthetho kahulumeni, noma umthetho-mthetho we-U.S.. Isibonelo esivamile silapho umthetho wendawo uphula inkululeko yokukhuluma noma isivikelo esifanayo.
  • Isifunda sezezimali: Ezinye izifundazwe zinamabhodi alawulayo noma izinja ezigadayo ezingangena lapho uhulumeni wendawo ebhekene nokulahlekelwa imali noma ukuphathwa kabi.

Lokhu kuhlola kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhlola kwendawo akukona ukwephula imikhakha engokomthetho noma ukulimaza izakhamuzi ezingase zingamelelwa yizinto ezithandwayo endaweni.

Izinga Lezwe: Izinhlangano Zokubusa Ngentando Yeningi

Ohulumeni boMbuso banezici ezinamandla eziphakathi esimisweni sombuso. Banemibuso emikhulu ebekelwe iSichibiyelo seshumi, kodwa futhi kumelwe bavumelane nomthetho kahulumeni ngaphansi kweSupremacy Claus. Lendima embaxambili yenza izinkundla ezibalulekile zokwakha kabusha izimiso kanye nempi engokomthetho. Njengoba iJaji uLouis Brandeis aphawulwe ngokudukile, "Ngesinye sezenzakalo ezijabulisayo zesimiso sikahulumeni okungathi uma iZwe elilodwa elinesibindi lingakhetha, likhonza njengendawo yokuhlola isayensi yamabhulobhu; futhi lizame ukuhlola kwezenhlalo nezomnotho ngaphandle kokufaka engozini lonke izwe."

Imisebenzi yohulumeni bakahulumeni bakahulumeni

Amazwe anegunya phezu kohide olubanzi lwezindaba zasekhaya. Amandla awo avamile ahlanganisa:

  • [[Umthetho:0] Isivumelwano: ukuveza ubugebengu bezwe nemithetho yomphakathi, umthetho womkhaya, umthetho wempahla, nomthetho wesivumelwano.
  • Imfundo:[ Ukuhlela imigangatho yemfundo, izinhlelo zokuxhasa ngemali, nezimiso zemfundo ephakeme (amayunivesithi omphakathi).
  • Itransport: Ukulondoloza imigwaqo kahulumeni, ukulawula ukubhaliswa kwemoto, nokuqondisa ezentengiselwano ze-trastate.
  • [ Amandla aphezulu: Ukuvikela impilo yomphakathi, ukuphepha, nokuziphatha okuhlanganisa igunya lokuhlukanisa, ukufakwa kwemisebenzi yezobuchwepheshe, kanye nomthetho wendawo ezungezile.
  • [[Umthetho:0] Ukukhokha:[[[FT:1] Ukufaka intela yeholo, intela yokuthengisa, izintela zenkampani, kanye nezintela zokukhipha.
  • Izinketho: Ukumisa uhulumeni, uhulumeni, nokhetho lwendawo, ukudweba izigodi zemithetho (ezithoba kwimithetho yamalungelo ohulumeni).
  • [[UMTH:0] Ukuhlanganisa nebhizinisi: izinhlangano zokwengamela, ukuqondisa umshuwalense, kanye nokwengamela ilayisense zochwepheshe.

Ngenxa yokuthi amazwe anemithetho - sisekelo ehlukile, izimiso zenkantolo, namasiko ezombangazwe, indaba efanayo (isimo, ukugunyazwa ngokomthetho kwensangu, ukuxhaswa kwemfundo) ingabonakala ihluke kakhulu kuhulumeni ngamunye.

Indlela Imibuso Ehlola Nayihlola Ngayo

Isehlo sesifundazwe sezwe: cishe zonke izizwe zinesakhiwo esineziqu ezintathu ezifana nohulumeni wombuso: umphathi (i-governar), isishaya-mthetho se-kameral noma i-uncameral, nejaji likahulumeni. Izikhulu zingakhipha izikweletu, izishaya umthetho wemithetho ephula umthetho kahulumeni. Izigaba eziningi futhi zinamathuluzi aqondisa idemokhrasi njengazo futhi zikhombe i-endrol, zivumela abavoti ukuba badlulise umthetho wemithetho yomthetho.

Izihlolo zeFederal ezisezimweni: Uhulumeni kahulumeni ungalinganisela isenzo sikahulumeni ngezindlela eziningi:

  • Umthetho wombuso ophikisana nomthetho kahulumeni osemthethweni noma nomthetho womthetho womthetho we-Constitution awusebenzi. Ngokwesibonelo, amazwe awanakumisa imithetho evimbela ezentengiselwano zamazwe (iDorment Commercie) noma ephula amalungelo omphakathi.
  • Imali nemithetho: uhulumeni usebenzisa izisusa ezingokwezimali ukuze unxenxe umbuso ukuba ulalele imigomo yobuzwe, njengokuxhasa izimali emgwaqweni ngeminyaka elinganiselwe yokuphuza.
  • Iziphendu ze-constitution: Izigwebo ezinjengeSichibiyelo seshumi nane seSichibiyelo siye sasetshenziswa ukuphoqelela ukuvikelwa okufanayo nenqubo efanele kohulumeni bombuso ukuba bamelane.
  • [[FLT: 0] Ukubukeza okungokwezemfundo: INkantolo ePhakeme yase-U.S. ingagumbuqela imithetho kazwelonke noma izinqumo zenkantolo eziphula umthetho kahulumeni. Icala lezwe lokumayela njenge Brown v. Ibhodi yemfundo[ (11954]) kanye

Isimo sokuhlola uhulumeni wombuso: Amazwe futhi anamathuluzi okusunduza. Angabekela imithetho kahulumeni enkantolo, isheke uhulumeni, yenqabe ukubambisana (umz., "izimiso zokufuduka"), futhi abize umhlangano womthetho-mfashini ngaphansi kweSiphakamiso V. Izishaya-mthetho-mthetho zingacindezela futhi iSishaya-Mkhandlu ngo-U.S.

Isilinganiso Sezigaba: Igunya Eliphakeme Kakhulu Ngaphakathi Kwemingcele

Uhulumeni ujabulela ukuphakama ezindaweni eziphathiswe uMthetho-sisekelo, kodwa abafaki bamafomu bawenza ngamabomu uhulumeni onamandla alinganiselwe, anezigaba. Noma yini enganikezwanga ngokuqondile uhulumeni kahulumeni ugcinelwe imibuso noma abantu. Phakathi kwembulunga kahulumeni, amandla ahlukaniswa kakhulu phakathi kwemithetho, isikhulu, namagatsha okwahlulela, ngalinye lineziphetho zalo siqu.

Amandla Agcinelwe Uhulumeni Kahulumeni Kahulumeni

UMthetho - sisekelo wabela igunya likahulumeni kahulumeni ezindabeni ezidinga ukufana kwesizwe noma ezeqa imingcele yombuso. Imibuso eyisihluthulelo ihlanganisa:

  • Isivikelo sesizwe: Ukulondoloza amabutho ahlomile, ukumisa impi, nokuphatha inkambiso yangaphandle.
  • Intengiselwano yezentengiselwano zomhlaba wonke: ilawula ukuhwebelana phakathi kwezifundazwe nezinye izizwe (Commerce Claus).
  • Inkambiso yokukhokha imali kanye nezomnotho: ukukhokha imali, ukulawula ukuwinwa kwamali, nokubeka amaphoyisa.
  • Isimiso seposi: Ukusebenza Inkonzo yeposi yase-U.S.
  • Ukungena nokuzenzakalela: ukumisa imithetho yokungena neyakhe.
  • Isakhiwo esifundekayo: Ukunikeza imvume nemvume yamalungelo omgunyathi.
  • [[[NT.0] Imithetho yezentengiselwano namalungelo omphakathi: ifaka imingcele yomthetho-sisekelo (umk., amalungelo okuvota, inqubo efanele).
  • [[UMTH:0] Izindaba zakwamanye amazwe: amandla aphelele okungena ezivumelwaneni zomhlaba wonke.

Uhulumeni kahulumeni futhi uye wasikisela amandla ngaphansi kwe-Edict ne FAT CONT Claus, okuwenza amise imithetho "edingekile nefanele" yokukhipha amandla awo adwetshwe. Lombhalo ubeyisisekelo somthetho kahulumeni obanzi, kusukela ku-Social Security kuya kumthetho wendawo ezungezile.

Ukuhlola Kwangaphakathi: Isimiso SobuTriparte

Esigabeni sikahulumeni, izinhlolo - songwane nezilinganiso zibonakala kakhulu phakathi kwamagatsha amathathu:

  • Isehlo esigunyaziwe (Ikhomputha) kumphathi: Umkhandlu ungadlula umongameli we-veto, uqinisekise noma ulahle ukumiswa kwezikhulu, izivumelwano ze-radivse, i-ethect, i-exampli, i-mosference, ilawula uhlelo lwemali, futhi iqhube uphengululo.
  • Ukuhlola okusebenzayo eMkhandlwini: Umongameli angawukhipha umthetho, abize izikhawu ezikhethekile zeSishaya-mthetho, futhi akhiphe iziyalo eziqondisa indlela imithetho ephoqelelwe ngayo. Umongameli futhi usebenza njengomphathi-mkhandlu omkhulu futhi angabumba inkambiso yangaphandle.
  • [ Inhlolo - hlola ze-judicial kukho kokubili: INkantolo ePhakeme nezinkantolo zikahulumeni eziphansi zingamemezela izenzo zoMkhandlu noma izenzo zokuphatha ngaphandle komthetho (ukubukeza). Abahluleli bamazwe bamiswa ukuze baphile, bazivikele ekucindezeleni kwezombangazwe.
  • Isehlo se-Conal conregionary eHlalulweni: UKhomishane ungaguqula inani labahluleli, ukushintsha ukubusa kwezinkantolo zikahulumeni (nemingcele), kanye namajaji ahlukene ngenxa yokuziphatha okubi. ISigele siqinisekisa ukumiswa kokwahlulela.
  • Izibalo zezehlulelo: Umongameli umisa amajaji futhi angathethelela ubugebengu bukahulumeni, athinte imiphumela yokwahlulela ngokungaqondile.

Ngokwesibonelo, ngisho noma umongameli noKhongolo bevumelana ngesimiso esithile, izinkantolo zingasishaya uma sephula uMthetho - sisekelo.

Imiphumela Yangaphandle Embusweni Womphakathi: Imibuso Nabantu

Uhulumeni kahulumeni uhlolwa futhi ohulumeni bezwe kanye nokhetho. I-United States ingabekela imithetho kahulumeni enkantolo (umz., i-Affordcable Care Act areact), yenqabe ukuphoqelela izimvume ezithile zikahulumeni (bona imfundiso emelene nesiyalo ngaphansi printz v. United States), futhi iphindisele emuva ngokuya emnyango. Abantu, ngokhetho, bangaguqula ukuqamba kwe-Congress and the precional, futhi bangaguqula umthetho-sisekelo (nakuba inqubo inzima ngamabomu).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, iSichibiyelo seshumi nesakhiwo seSigele (isifundazwe ngasinye sithola izinyunyana ezimbili kungakhathaliseki inani labantu) siqinisekisa ukuthi izifunda zinezwi eliqondile ekumisweni kwezimiso zikahulumeni. iElectoral College ivimbela futhi izifunda ezinabantu abaningi kakhulu ekukhetheni umongameli.

Ukungenela Nezingxabano: Ukubambisana Nokulwa Kwempi

Ubuhlobo phakathi kwamazinga kahulumeni bunamandla. Ngezinye izikhathi basebenza ndawonye kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi uhulumeni wezesivumelwano , lapho ohulumeni bezwe nohulumeni behlanganyela khona imithwalo yemfanelo nokuxhasa ngemali. Ngokwesibonelo, isimiso semigwaqo emikhulu ephakathi sakhiwa ngenkokhelo kahulumeni enikezwa yimibuso, futhi iMedicaid ixhaswa kanye kanye. Ezinye izikhathi, kuphakama izingxabano, eziholela ekulweni okuqondile okungokomthetho noma "ukungavumelani nomthetho wezwe," lapho amazwe emelana khona neziqondiso zikahulumeni.

Izibonelo Zokubambisana Kuhulumeni

  • [ Izinhlelo zemali ezinikezwayo: njengesihloko sokuxhasa I ngezimali ne-Community Development Block Grants zinikeza imithombo ezindaweni kanye nendawo ngezindawo.
  • Impendulo: I-FEMA ihlangene nezinhlangano zokulawula isimo esiphuthumayo sikahulumeni kanye neziphepho zokuqala phakathi neziphepho, imlilo, kanye nezibhakela.
  • Imishado yempilo ye-Public:[ iCDC isebenza ngeminyango yezempilo kahulumeni ekuhloleni izifo nasemikhankasweni yokugoma.
  • Amabutho asebenza ngokuqapha amaphoyisa: Izinhlangano zeFederal njenge-DEA ne FBI ezibambisana nombuso namaphoyisa endawo ekushushumbiseni izidakamizwa nobugebengu obunobudlova.

Ngokuvamile lokhu kubambisana kuhilela ukuhweba: izifundazwe nezindawo kuzuza imali nobuchwepheshe kodwa kumelwe kunamathele ezindinganisweni zikahulumeni.

Izingxabano Eziphawulekayo Neziphakamiso Ezingokomthetho

Izingxabano azinakugwenywa esimisweni lapho isigaba ngasinye sivikela khona amalungelo aso. Izingxabano eziningana ezingokomlando nezisanda kuba khona zibonisa amasheke asemsebenzini:

  • Ukuhlanganisa kanye nokuhlanganisa: ekhulwini le-19, izikhulu zikahulumeni zazama ukuqeda imithetho ye-pariff kahulumeni, okwaholela ekuGuleni kweNyakatho yonyaka ka-1832. IMpi Yombango yanquma unomphela ukuthi umthetho kahulumeni awunakuyeka noma uqede umthetho kahulumeni ungakapheli.
  • ICivil Rights Era:[ Izifunda zaseNingizimu zamelana nemithetho ehlasimulisayo nemithetho yamalungelo okuvota, ikhuthaza ukungenela kwamazwe kuhlanganise noMthetho we-Civil Rights ka-1964 kanye noMthetho we-Voting Rights ka-1965. INkantolo Ephakeme yasekela amandla kahulumeni emacaleni anjenge- e-Atlanta Motel v. United States
  • Ukubekwa ngokomthetho: Naphezu kokuvinjelwa kukahulumeni ngaphansi koMthetho oPhakemelweyo, izifundazwe eziningi zine-cannabis ezokwelapha noma ezokuzijabulisa ezisemthethweni. Uhulumeni wezwe uvumele ukuhlolwa kwezwe ukuba kuqhubeke, kodwa lempi ihlale ingaxazululiwe futhi ingaphinde iphinde iphinde ibuye ibuye ibuye ibuye.
  • [[FLT: 0] ukugcinwa komthetho wokuhlanganisa: "amadolobha angenamakhaya" nezindawo kunentsebenziswano elinganiselwe neziphathimandla ze-operation. Izinkantolo ngokuvamile ziye zathi uhulumeni kahulumeni akakwazi ukuyala imithombo kahulumeni yezomthetho wokuqinisekisa (isimiso esimelene nomyalelo), kodwa ungagodlela iziphiwo ezithile.
  • impendulo ye-COVID-19: Umqedazwe wabona ukungezwani phakathi kokutusa kukahulumeni nezinqumo zikahulumeni ezimayelana nokuvala izivalo, izimvume zokufihla imbobo, kanye nokusakaza umjovo wokugoma. INkantolo Ephakeme yavala ezinye izigunyazo zemisebenzi yombuso kuyilapho isekela ezinye.
  • Amalungelo okukhipha isisu ngemva amaDobns : Isinqumo seNkantolo ePhakeme yama 2022] amaDobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization[ yabuyisela imithetho yokukhipha isisu ezizweni, iholela ekusebenziseni imithetho ehlukene. Amanye amazwe aye amisa cishe izibekelo eziphelele, kuyilapho amanye endise ukufinyelela. Uhulumeni wezwe ungabuye uthonyezele ukungenela kwenkinga ngenkokhelo yezidakamizwa.

Lezi zibonelo zibonisa ukuthi ukuhlola nokulinganisela akuyona into ehambisanayo; kuyashintsha kuvela empikiswaneni, engokomthetho, nasengxoxweni yezombangazwe.

Indima Yomculi Ekulondolozeni Ukulinganisela

Izinkantolo kuwo wonke amazinga zinendima eyinhloko ekuqinisekiseni imingcele phakathi kwamazinga kahulumeni. INkantolo Ephakeme yase-U.S. ingumxubi wokugcina wezimpikiswano zikahulumeni wesifundazwe. Izimfundiso eziyinhloko zomthetho-mthetho zenzakaliswa yiNkantolo zihlanganisa:

  • Intengo:[ umthetho we-Federal ululahla umthetho kahulumeni lapho uMkhandlu uhlose ukuthatha indawo noma lapho umthetho kahulumeni uphikisana ngokuqondile nomthetho kahulumeni.
  • Izwe lezentengiselwano uClaus: Amazwe awanakubandlulula ezentengiselwano zamazwe ahlukene noma umthwalo onzima ngokungafanele, ngisho noma uMkhandlu ungathathanga nyathelo.
  • Ukuyala-anti: Uhulumeni kahulumeni ngeke ayale izishaya-mthetho zikahulumeni noma izikhulu eziphethe ukuba zihlele izinhlelo zokubuyisela inqubo kahulumeni.
  • Isimiso sombuso esivikelayo: Izwe ngokuvamile alinakumangalelwa ngaphandle kwemvume yalo, nakuba uhulumeni kahulumeni ungakuvimbela lokho kuvikelwa ngaphansi kweSichibiyelo seshumi nane.
  • Imfundiso yesenzo sezwe: UMthetho-sisekelo uvikela abantu esenzweni sikahulumeni, hhayi esenzweni sangasese, kodwa "isenzo sasemhlabeni" uhlanganisa izenzo zohulumeni bendawo abasebenza ngaphansi kwegunya lombuso.

Lezi zimfundiso zihlale zicwengisiswa ezimweni ezintsha, ziqinisekisa ukuthi imikhakha yegunya ihlala icacile njengoba umphakathi ushintsha.

Izinselele Zangesikhathi Esidlule

Isimiso sokuhlola nokulinganisela sibhekene nezingcindezi ezintsha ekhulwini lama-21. Abanye abaqapheli bakhathazekile ngokwanda kwegunya likahulumeni ngezincazelo ezibanzi ze-Chommerce Claus no-Claus. Abanye besaba ukuthi amazwe azama ukufinyelela ezindaweni ezingokwesiko, njengesimiso sokufuduka noma ukuthutha. Okwamanje, ohulumeni bendawo ngezinye izikhathi baphindisela emuva ekuncishweni kwezwe, bephikisa u-"home" nokubusa kwe-acetura.

Ubuchwepheshe buphakamisa nezinselele: ukuxhumana kwezinto eziyimfihlo, ukungalondeki kwe - Internet, nokulawula ukuhlakanipha kokwenziwa kunqamula amazinga kahulumeni, futhi akukho ukuvumelana okusobala ngokuthi iliphi izinga okufanele liholele kulo.

Kuzo, ukuqonda lezi misebenzi kubalulekile. Ukuhlolwa nokulinganiswa phakathi kohulumeni bendawo, uhulumeni, nohulumeni akuyona nje imiqondo engekho ngokomthetho-sisekelo; babumba yonke into kusukela emazingeni emigwaqo kuya ekunakekeleni impilo. I-CVIC ithembisa ($_ukuhlangana kwezikhulu, ukuxhumana nezikhulu, ukusebenza emabhodini endawo, nokuhlanganyela ekukhulumeni komphakathi ) i-chezu lokugcina kuwo wonke amazinga kahulumeni.

Isiphetho: Isimiso Esihamba Ngokuphazima Kweso

Isimiso sokuhlola nokulinganisela kwaseMelika kunoma iliphi isilinganiso sendawo, isifundazwe, nohulumeni kuyimpumelelo ephawulekayo ekuzilawuleni. Inikeza amandla amaningi, inikeza amathuba okuhlanganyela, futhi idala ukuxabana okuvimbela noma isiphi isithakazelo esisodwa ekubuseni. Kodwa futhi yisimiso esidinga ukuqapha njalo. Ngenxa yokuthi amandla ayahlanganyelwa, izingxabano zivamile. Ngenxa yokuthi indima ezihambisanayo, ukuxhumanisa kusenzima. Kodwa yona kanye lento eyinkimbinkimbi ingamandla: ivikela inkululeko ngokwenza kube nzima kunoma yimuphi uhulumeni //indawo, isifundazwe, noma uhulumeni (ukusebenza ngaphandle kwemvume, ukuphatha, noma ukulandisa.)

Ukuze ufunde okwengeziwe nge-constalism nangobudlelwane bohulumeni, hlola imithombo yezindaba zezwe, kanye nezihloko ezibonwayo ezivela ku-[FLT:] Publius: Journal of Federalism. Ukuqonda la amazinga kusiza wonke amaMelika ukuba azise iscleties, kanye nokulwa okuqhubekayo kwesimiso sokubusa esihlala njalo emhlabeni.