Ukungezwani Okuhlala Kukhona Phakathi Kokwanda Nokulunga

Ubuhlobo phakathi kokukhula kwezomnotho nokulingana bungenye yezimpikiswano ezingapheli nezilandelayo ezinkulu kakhulu kwezezomnotho. Emashumini amaningi eminyaka, abenzi bezimiso baye baphikisana nombuzo obalulekile: Ingabe umphakathi ungaphishekela ukwanda okusheshayo kwezomnotho ngaphandle kokudela ubulungisa, noma kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi kube yizindleko zempumelelo? Lokhu kucindezeleka akukona nje ukufunda imfundo. Kuhlela imithetho yentela, izimiso zezenhlalakahle, imithetho yezenhlalakahle, nezivumelwano zokuhwebelana ezithinta izigidi zezigidi zabantu. Ukuqonda ukuhwebelana phakathi kwentuthuko nenkani kudingekile kudingekile kubafundisi, abafundi, nezakhamuzi ezifuna ukuhileleka ngokunenjongo enqubwebwebweni yentando yeningi kanye nokusekela imithetho ebonakalisa izindinganiso zabo.

Impikiswano igxile embonweni wezentengiselwano ezimbili eziphikisanayo zomphakathi ochumayo. Omunye ukholelwa ukuthi ukukhula kuyimbangela eyinhloko yenhlalakahle yabantu. Uma ukwanda kwezomnotho kudala imisebenzi, kuphakamisa inzuzo, futhi kuveze intela engaxhasa izimpahla zomphakathi. Omunye umbono ugcizelela ukuthi izinzuzo zokukhula zisakazwa kanjani izinto ngezinga elilingana nengqikithi yemali ephakeme yezenhlalakahle yabantu kodwa ubumpofu obujulile nokwehlukahlukahluka kunganga kakhulu futhi kunganciphiswana nje nomphakathi ocebile lapho ingcebo ikhona. Inselele yabenzi bezimiso ukudlula lezizinto eziza kuqala eziphikisanayo emhlabeni wonke ezilinganiselwe nezokulawula kwezombangazwe.

Lesi sihloko sihlola isihluthulelo sokukhula kwe-testaff, ukuhlola izibonelo zangempela zezwe, futhi sixoxa ngamasu angasiza ekulinganiseni lemigomo. Siqokomisa futhi indima ebaluleke kakhulu efezwa yimfundo ekulungiseleleni isizukulwane esilandelayo ukubhekana nalezizindaba eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Ukuqonda Ukwanda Kwezomnotho

Ukukhula kwezomnotho kuchazwa njengokukhula kwekhono lezomnotho lokuveza impahla nezinkonzo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Isilinganiso esivame kakhulu ukuvela isilinganiso sokukhula kweGross Parrow Product (GDP), elungisa ukunyuka kwamandla emali futhi inikeze i-spective yezomnotho. Nakuba ukukhula kwe-GDP kungelona izinga eliphelele lokuchuma, kuhlanganisa kakhulu nezimpawu eziningi zenhlala - kahle yomuntu, kuhlanganise nobude besikhathi sokuphila, amazinga emfundo, kanye nokufinyelela emanzini ahlanzekile nenhlanzeko.

Abashayeli Bezomnotho Ezichumayo

Izazi zezomnotho ziye zathola abashayeli abaningana abayinhloko abachuma isikhathi eside ngokwezomnotho:

  • Ukuqoqwa komthetho: Imali eyinhloko engokoqobo njengemishini, amafektha, nesisekelo sesisekelo kundisa umkhiqizo nomkhiqizo.
  • Imfundo nokuqeqeshwa kuthuthukisa amakhono nolwazi lwezisebenzi, okwenza ukukhiqizwa nokusungulwa kwemisebenzi kuphumelele kakhulu.
  • Intuthuko yezentengiselwano: intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe ivumela umnotho ukuba ukhiqize kakhulu ngemifakela efanayo, ukushayela intuthuko eqhubekayo.
  • Izinga lobuzwe:[ amalungelo aqinile empahla, ukubusa umthetho, nezinhlangano eziqinile zezombangazwe zidala indawo engcono ekufakeni imali nakwezentengiselwano.
  • Ukuhweba ngokukhululekile: kwezizwe zonke kuvumela amazwe ukuba asebenzise inzuzo yalokho akhiqiza khona izimakethe ezingcono kakhulu, afinyelele izimakethe ezinkulu, futhi azuze ekusakazeni imiqondo nobuchwepheshe.

Izinzuzo Zokwanda

Imiphumela emihle yokukhula kwezomnotho ibhalwe kahle. Ngokomlando, izikhathi zokukhula okusheshayo ziye zahambisana nentuthuko enkulu ezindinganisweni zokuphila. Emashumini eminyaka alandela iMpi Yezwe II, i-United States neNtshona Yurophu yabhekana nokwanda okuqhubekayo okwasusa izigidi zobumpofu futhi kwasekela ukwanda kwemfundo yomphakathi, ukunakekelwa kwempilo, nezezisekelo zezezimali. Muva nje, ukukhula ngokushesha kweChina kanye nezinye izomnotho zaseMpumalanga Asia kuye kwaphakamisa amakhulu ezigidi zabantu ebumpofwini obukhulu. IBhangende ilinganisela ukuthi izinga lobumpofu embulungeni yonke lehla ngamaphesenti angu-36 ngo 1990 kuya cishe kumaphesenti angu-2019, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokukhula kwezomnotho emazweni asathuthuka.

Ukwanda futhi kunikeza izimali ezidingwa ohulumeni ukuze baxazulule izinkinga zezenhlalo. Uma umnotho uyanda, intela iyanda ngaphandle kokukhuphuka, inikeza abenzi bemithetho indawo eyengeziwe yokutshala izimpahla zomphakathi nemithombo esakazayo kulabo abaswele.

Ukulinganiselwa Kwe - GDP Njengendlela

Naphezu kokusetshenziswa kwayo, i-GDP inemingcele ephawulekayo njengesilinganiso esithile sokusebenza kwezomnotho. Ayibangelwa ukuwohloka kwendawo ezungezile, ukuncipha kwemithombo yemvelo, noma inani lomsebenzi ongakhokhelwayo njengokunakekela abantwana nokunakekela abadala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhula kwe-GDP kungahambisana nokungalingani okukhulayo uma izinzuzo zokukhula zivela ngokungenakulinganiswa kulabo abaphezulu ekusakazeni inzuzo yemali. Lokhu kuncitshiswa phakathi kokukhula kwezemvelo nokuhlangenwe nakho komuntu ngamunye kuye kwaholela izazi zezentengiselwano ukuba zisekele ezinye izindlela ezinjenge-Human Development Index (HDI), i-Real Progrees Refective Ivice (GI), ne-OECD Better Life Index, ehlanganisa izilinganiso ezibanzi zenhlala.

Ukubaluleka Kokungalingani

I-quity ibhekisela ekusakazweni ngokufanele kwemithombo yemali, amathuba, nemiphumelo emphakathini. Iwumqondo ovamile osekelwe ezimisweni zobulungisa nokulunga. Nakuba kungekho incazelo eyodwa yalokho okuhlanganisa ukusakaza ngokungakhethi, izindlela eziningi zokuvumelana zigcizelela ukwehla kokwehluka okukhulu kanye nesiqinisekiso sokuthi bonke abantu bayakwazi ukufinyelela izinga eliyisisekelo lokuphila.

Izinhlobo Zokulingana

Izazi zezomnotho nezazi zefilosofi zihlukanisa phakathi kwezinhlobo eziningana zokulingana:

  • I-ective ikholelwa ukuthi abantu abasesimweni esifanayo kufanele baphathwe ngendlela efanayo. Ngokwesibonelo, abantu ababili abahola imali efanayo kufanele bakhokhe imali efanayo ezintelani.
  • [ ngokulinganayo ikholelwa ukuthi abantu abanezimo ezihlukene kufanele baphathwe ngendlela ehlukile. Lesimiso sithethelela intela eqhubekayo, lapho labo abahola imali ephakeme bekhokha ingxenye enkulu yeholo labo ezintelani.
  • [ ukulingana kwethuba [ kugxila ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi bonke abantu banethuba elilungile lokuphumelela, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bazalwa benjani. Lokhu kungadinga ukutshala imali emfundweni, ekunakekeleni impilo, kanye nezinye isisekelo salelo izinga lokudlala.
  • [ ukulingana komphumela [ kuhloselwe ukunciphisa ukwehluka kwemali eholweni, ingcebo, nezinye izilinganiso zokuthuthukisa impilo. Lendlela ifuna ukuvelela kakhulu futhi idinga ukuthengwa okukhulu ngentela nangokuthunyelwa.

Okwenza Ukuba Nobulungisa Kube Nezindaba Ezinhle

Kunezizathu eziningana ezishukumisayo zokuthi ukulinganisela kuwumgomo obalulekile wenkambiso. Okokuqala, amazinga aphakeme okungalingani angalulaza ukuhlangana kwezenhlalo nokuzinza kwezombangazwe. Uma ingxenye enkulu yomphakathi inomuzwa wokuthi isimiso sibekwe ngokumelene nabo, ukuthembela ezinhlanganweni kuyawohloka, nokusekela izimiso zentando yeningi kungase kube buthaka. Ukucwaninga kwezezomnotho ezinjenge- Roy van der Weide[ futhi uBrançovic ubonise ukuthi ukungalingani kungaba umthombo wesiyaluyaluyalu sezenhlalo nokwezombangazwe.

Okwesibili, ukungalingani kungabhuntsha ngokwezomnotho. Izingane ezizalwa zimpofu ngokuvamile azikwazi ukuthola imfundo esezingeni eliphezulu, ukunakekelwa kwempilo, nokudla okulinganiselayo, okungasiza ekuthuthukiseni umnotho. Lokhu kumelela ukulahlwa kwenhloko - dolobha yabantu engabangela ukuthuthuka nokwanda kwemikhiqizo. I - International Monetary Fund (IMF) iye yakhipha ucwaningo olubonisa ukuthi ukungalingani okukhulu kuhlobene nokukhula okuphansi nokungasekelwe kakhulu kwezomnotho esikhathini.

Okwesithathu, ukulingana kuyindaba yokulunga. Izici eziningi zezimiso zokuziphatha, kusukela ekusebenziseni inzuzo kuya ebulungisani be-Rawls, ziqaphela imfuneko yokuziphatha yokuthuthukisa izimo zamalungu omphakathi angazuzi lutho.

Ukulinganisa

Isilinganiso esivame kakhulu sokungalingani yi-Gini conation, esukela ku-0 (ukulingana okuphelele) kuya ku-1 (ukungalingani okuphelele). I-Gini inciphisana neholo e-United States cishe ingu-0.48, enye yezindawo eziphakeme kakhulu phakathi kwamazwe athuthukile. Ngokungafani, amazwe ase-Nordic anjengeDenmark ne-Ginibacticles acishe abe 0.25, abonisa ukuthengwa kwentela nezimiso zokudlulisa. Ezinye isilinganiso sePalma, okuqhathanisa inzuzo engaphezulu yephesenti elingu-10 kuya kulelo phesenti elingu-40, kanye nekhomba-endex, okuthinta kakhulu izinguquko ezisezingeni eliphezulu lokusakaza.

Izindawo Zohwebo Phakathi Kokwanda Nokulingana

Umqondo wokuthi kukhona ukuthengiselana okuyisisekelo phakathi kokukhula nokulingana kuhlobene kakhulu nomsebenzi wesazi sezomnotho u-Arthur Okun, owachaza ngokudume kakhulu ukucindezeleka njengenkinga yebhakede "elibishi". Encwadini yakhe ka 1975 ukulingana nokungalingani: iBig Tradeff, i-Okun yaphikisa ukuthi ukuguqula imithombo yabacebile yabampofu kufana nokuphatha amanzi ebhakedeni elivuzayo: amanye amanzi alahleka ngemoto. Umbuzo ukuzimisela komphakathi ukubekezelela ukulingana okukhulu.

Uhlelo luka-Okun luye lwaba nethonya elikhulu, kodwa ukucwaninga okulandelayo kwembule umfanekiso ocaciswe kakhulu. Ubuhlobo phakathi kokukhula nokulingana buhluka kakhulu kuye ngohlobo lwenkambiso, umongo wesimiso, nesikhathi esicatshangelwayo. Kwezinye izimo, izinhlelo ezinciphisa ukungalingani zingathuthukisa ukukhula, kanti kwezinye, ukuthena kuyinto yangempela futhi kubalulekile.

Indlela Ukwanda Okungakhulisa Ngayo Ukungalingani

Intuthuko yezomnotho ayimane nje izuzise wonke umuntu. Eqinisweni, izikhathi eziningi zokwanda ngokushesha ziye zahambisana nokunyuka kokungalingani. Phakathi neNguquko Yezezimboni, ingcebo enkulu enqwabelaniswe yizezimboni ihluke kakhulu kubumpofu bezisebenzi. Muva nje, inkathi yokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke noshintsho lwezobuchwepheshe oluye lwaqala ngawo-1980 iye yahlotshaniswa nokukhuphuka kwemali nokungalingani kwengcebo ezomnotho eziningi ezithuthukile.

Ukwanda okuqinile kunganezela ekungalinganini ngezindlela eziningi. Intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe ivame ukuvumela izisebenzi ezinekhono ukuba zithathe izisebenzi ezingenalwazi, isici esaziwa ngokuthi ushintsho lobuchwepheshe obungashintsha-qeqeshiwe. Izisebenzi ezingazivumelanisa nobuchwepheshe bazo obusha zibone ukunyuka kweholo lazo, kuyilapho labo abanamakhono aphelelwe isikhathi bengase bashiywe ngemuva. Ngokufanayo, ukudayisa ngokungakhoni kungazuzisa izisebenzi ezimbonini ezithengiswe kwamanye amazwe kuyilapho zilimaza izisebenzi ezisebenza ezindaweni ezihwebelanayo. Isazi sezentengiselwano Dani Rodrik siphikisa ngokuthi ukuhwebelana kwembulunga kuye kwadala i-"injini ebangela ukuba kungabi naka okungakho ukugcina ukuhlangana okujulileyo kwezomnotho, ubukhosi bezwe, nezombangazwe zentando yentando yeningi.

Ukungalingani kwengcebo kuvame ukweqisa kakhulu kunokungalingani kwemali futhi kunokuthambekela okukhulu kokuncitshiswa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngenxa yokuthi ingcebo ikhiqiza imbuyekezo engabuyiselwa, labo abanengcebo enele babona ingcebo yabo ikhula ngokushesha kunalabo abanezinto ezimbalwa abangaqala ngazo. Lokhu kukhulumba, isazi sezomnotho saseFrance uThomas Piketty esakubhala encwadini yakhe ka 2013 i-Caparal ku-Promp Century[, kungaholela esimweni lapho ingcebo ezuzwe ngefa ethola khona imali ephakeme khona, inciphisa ilungelo lokuhamba nokuhamba kwezenhlalo.

Indlela Ukunikela Okubomvu Okungakhula Ngayo Kancane

Ngakolunye uhlangothi lomholi, izimiso eziklanyelwe ukunciphisa ukungalingani zingadala ukudilika okunciphisa ukukhula kwezomnotho. Izintela ezinkulu zemali nengcebo zingadambisa umsebenzi, ukulondoloza, nokutshala imali. Izinzuzo zezenhlalakahle zomusa zinganciphisa isikhuthazo sokufuna umsebenzi noma amakhono aphezulu. Imithetho evikela izisebenzi ingakhuphula izindleko zemisebenzi futhi inciphise ukuvumelana nezimo ezidinga izimboni ekushintsheni izimo zemakethe.

Ubukhulu balemiphumela buyimpikiswano enkulu. Ukuhlola kokuhlinza kuye kwathola imiphumela edidayo. Okunye ukuhlola kusikisela ukuthi amazinga alinganiselayo okunikeza intethelelo ayinamiphumela eyingozi ekwandeni, ikakhulukazi uma inzuzo isetshenziselwa ukutshala imfundo, isisekelo noma okunye umkhiqizo ukusakaza izimpahla zomphakathi. Okunye ukuhlola, ikakhulukazi labo abagxile kakhulu ekuthengeni intela ephakeme kakhulu noma ezindaweni zezenhlalakahle eziphanayo, bathola imiphumela emibi kakhulu. Umbuzo oyinhloko awuthi ingabe i-redissud direce ingxx ingalimaza noma ingenzeka yini ekukhuleni, kodwa ngaphansi kwezimo, futhi ngaphansi kokungakanani.

Izibonelo Zezwe Ezingokoqobo Zohwebo

Izibonelo eziningana zikakhonkolo zibonisa ukuhwebelana phakathi kokukhula nokulingana:

  • Ama-Tax: Umthetho weTsut noJobs ka-2017 e-United States wanciphisa intela yenkampani esukela kumaphesenti angu-35 kuya ku-21 futhi wanciphisa intela yeholo lomuntu ngamunye ezijwayezweni eziningi. Abaxhasi baphikisa ngokuthi ukugawulwa kwemali kungavusa ukutshala imali nokukhula kwezomnotho. Ngokwesiko, umthetho waholela ekutholeni inzuzo yesikhashana eGDP, kodwa izinzuzo zahlotshaniswa kakhulu nabacebile. Ngokwe-Congregational Bal Bal Baccury Office, umthetho wandisa ukuntenga kwenani lemali kazwelo cishe ngeminyaka eyishumi, okungaminyanisa ukutshala izimali zomphakathi esikhathini esizayo.
  • Ukwanda komholo ophansi: Ukunyusa umholo omncane kuyindlela eqondile yokuthuthukisa iholo lezisebenzi ezihola imali ephansi, kodwa kungaholela nasekulahlekelweni umsebenzi uma abaqashi besabela ngokunciphisa umsebenzi noma imisebenzi yokuqasha. Ubufakazi obusha ngemiphumela yeholo eliphansi ixubene. Ukuhlolwa kwezesayensi yezezomnotho uDavid Carck no-Alan Krueger kwathola ukuthi ukwanda okulinganiselwe emholweni waseNew Jersey akunciphisanganciphi umsebenzi, kodwa ukucwaninga kwamuva kuthole imiphumela emibi kweminye imo, ikakhulukazi yezisebenzi ezincane nezingabulali.
  • Imali echithwayo ezinhlelweni zezenhlalo: amazwe afaka imali eningi ezimisweni zomphakathi athambekele ekutholeni ukungalingani okuphansi nemiphumela engcono ngokwezempilo, imfundo, nokuhamba komphakathi. Nokho, lezinhlelo zidinga amazinga aphezulu entela, anganciphisa ukukhula kwezomnotho uma engaklanywanga ngokucophelela. Amazwe ase-Orticism aye akwazi ukuhlanganisa amazinga aphezulu emali ezenhlalo ezomnotho ngokuncika ekusebenziseni intela ebanzi nokuphatha umphakathi ngendlela engcono. Amanye amazwe aye azama ukufinyelela izinga elifanayo lokulinganisela.
  • Ukuguqula izwe: Emazweni asathuthuka, ukuba nendawo kungumthombo omkhulu wokungalingani kobungane nobumpofu. Izinhlelo zezwe zokulungisa izakhiwo ezinwetshwayo kubagcini bamazwe zingandisa umkhiqizo wezolimo futhi zinciphise ubumpofu, kodwa zingadala ukungaqiniseki ngamalungelo empahla avimbela ukutshala imali. Impumelelo yokuguqula umhlaba ixhomeke kakhulu ekuklanyweni kwesimiso nendawo ezungezile.

Izici Zokulinganisela Ukwanda Nokulinganisela

Nakuba ukuthena phakathi kokukhula nokulingana kungokoqobo kwezinye izimo, akunakugwenywa. Izimiso ezihlelwe kahle zingathuthukisa kokubili ukulingana okukhulu nokukhula okusheshayo kwezomnotho. Amasu alandelayo aboniselwe ukuthi ayasebenza ezimisweni eziningi.

Ukukhokha Intela Ngokusebenzisa Imali Ngokuhlakanipha

Intela eqhubekekayo, lapho abantu abathola imali eningi bekhokha ingxenye enkulu yeholo labo ezintelani, inganyusa inzuzo yokutshala imali yomphakathi kuyilapho inciphisa ukungalingani kwentela. Nokho, ukuhlelwa kwezentela ezisemqoka. Amazinga entela aphakeme kakhulu angaqhuba amabhizinisi phesheya, kuyilapho intela ehholo ingayekisa ukulondolozwa nokuthengwa kwemali. Izazi zezomnotho eziningi zitusa isimiso sentela esisekelwe ezindaweni ezibanzi ezinenani eliphansi kakhulu nezaba, zihlangene nentela eqinile ngefa nangenzuzo yezezimali. Intela ekhokhiswayo ingasetshenziselwa ukuxhasa imfundo, ukukhokhela impilo, ukuphatha inzuzo, ukuxhasa inzuzo, nezinye izimali ezithuthukisa ukukhula okuthatha isikhathi eside.

Ukugada Inhloko - dolobha Yesintu

Imfundo nokuqeqesha kuphakathi kwamathuluzi anamandla kakhulu okulinganisela ukukhula nokulingana. Ngokuthuthukisa amakhono nolwazi lwabenzi, imfundo ikhulisa umkhiqizo nokuthola amathuba, okuthuthukisa nokunciphisa ukungalingani ngesikhathi esifanayo. Imfundo yabantwana yasekuqaleni iphumelela kakhulu ngoba iveza inzuzo enkulu esikhathini sokuphila futhi isiza ekuthuthukiseni amathuba abantwana abasuka ezizindeni eziphansi. [Heckman Equation, eyasungulwa nguMoniwamukeli we-Nobel James Heckman, ebonisa ukuthi ukutshala imali eminyakeni yokuqala yezingane ezimpofu kuveza ukuthuthuka kwempilo engcono, imfundo, nemali.

Ukusekela Izimo Ezincane Neziphakathi

Amabhizinisi amancane nanamabhizinisi aphakathi awumsuka oyinhloko wemisebenzi nokusungulwa kwezomnotho eziningi. Nokho, ngokuvamile abhekene nezithiyo zokuthola izikweletu, izimakethe, nobuchwepheshe. Izikhulu ezisekela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-SME, njengezinhlelo zokukhokha ezikhokhelwayo, izinkonzo zokuthuthukisa amabhizinisi, nemithetho ehlelelwe ukuhlelwa, zingathuthukisa ukudalwa kwemisebenzi kanye nokukhula okugcwele. Emazweni amaningi asathuthuka, izinhlangano ezisezingeni eliphansi ziye zasiza ekusunguleni nasekuvuleni amabhizinisi, okunezela kokubili ekuncipheni kwezelweni kobumpofu nezomnotho.

Ukuqinisa Amanethi Okuphepha Komphakathi

Amanetha okuphepha okuvikela umphakathi anjengenshuwalense yokuswelakala yomsebenzi, usizo lokuthola ukudla, nezinhlelo zokuthutha imali zivikela abantu abasengozini ekushayweni kwezomnotho futhi zisize ekulondolozeni ukuqina kwezenhlalo. Amanetha okuphepha ahlelwa kahle angasekela futhi ukukhula ngokusiza izisebenzi ukuba zithathe izingozi, zifake imali, futhi zithuthele ezindaweni ezinezimo ezingcono. Izinhlelo zokudlulisa imali, njenge-Progresa/Orportidades ne-Brazil Bolsa Família, zibonise ukuthi zinciphisa ubumpofu nentuthuko yempilo nemfundo ngaphandle kokwenza amathemba angcono emsebenzini. [[FLT: 0] Izinhlelo zokuthutha imali, njenge-World Bank [FLD][FLD: 1]

Ukushintsha Kwezobuchwepheshe

Njengendlela yokusebenza kanye nokuhlakanipha okungeyokwenziwa okuvuselela umnotho, abakhi bezimiso kumelwe bathole izindlela zokusakaza izinzuzo zentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kabanzi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukutshala imali ekuqeqesheni izisebenzi nasekufundeni ukuphila konke, ukuthuthukisa imfundo yangemva kwemfundo ukugcizelela amakhono ahambisana nobuchwepheshe, nokucabangela ukusabela kwezimiso njengenkokhelo yemali noma inzuzo yomhlaba wonke. Amanye amazwe aye azama intela yamarobhothi noma inzuzo yokwaziswa ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi inzuzo ekuphindwayo emishinini ihlanganyelwa nezisebenzi nezakhamuzi.

Indima Yemfundo Embusweni Wezomnotho

Imfundo ayilona ithuluzi lokuthuthukisa imiphumela yezomnotho kuphela, kodwa futhi isisekelo sokuba isakhamuzi esinolwazi. Ebuthweni lentando yeningi, abavoti kumelwe baqonde ukuhweba okuhilelekile ekukhetheni izimiso zezomnotho ukuze benze izinqumo ezinengqondo. Othisha banomthwalo wemfanelo wokulungiselela abafundi ukuba bahileleke ngokunenzuzo nangokwenzuzo kulezindaba.

Ukufundisa Imibono Yezomnotho

Imfundo eqinile yezomnotho iqala ngemiqondo eyisisekelo: ukunikeza nokufuna izinto, izindleko, inzuzo eqhathaniswa, nendima yezisusa. Abafundi kufanele bafunde indlela izimakethe ezisebenza ngayo, lapho behluleka, nendlela ukungenela kukahulumeni okungathuthukisa ngayo imiphumela. Kufanele baqonde futhi imingcele yezentengiselwano zezomnotho nokubaluleka kwezindinganiso ekukhetheni inqubo. I-Council for Economic Education inikeza imithombo yokufundisa lemiqondo nge-K-12.

Ukuhlaziya Imiphumela Yesimiso

Ngaphandle kwemiqondo eyisisekelo, abafundi kufanele bafunde ukuhlaziya imiphumela yokusakaza yezimiso ezithile. Ubani ozuzayo ngokusika intela? Ubani olimala ngenkokhelo encishisiwe? Yiziphi izintengo phakathi kokusebenzisa imali ukuze uvikele isikole nemali ekhokhelwayo? Ngokuhlola ukuhlola izenzakalo zezwe langempela nokusebenzisa ukwaziswa ukuze bahlole izicelo, abafundi bathuthukisa amakhono adingayo ukuze bahlole izihlongozo zenqubo futhi benze izahlulelo ezisekelwe olwazini.

Ingxenye Ekhuthazayo Yomsebenzi Wesibonda

Okokugcina, imfundo kufanele ikhuthaze umuzwa womthwalo wemfanelo womphakathi futhi ikhuthaze abafundi ukuba bahlanganyele kulenqubo. Lokhu kungahlanganisa izimpikiswano zasekilasini, ukulingiswa kwezindlebe zomthetho, nemisebenzi ehlanganisa ukucwaninga nokusekela inqubo. Uma abafundi bezibona bengabahlanganyeli abakhuthele ekubuseni ngentando yeningi, basengozini kakhulu yokuhileleka ezimpikiswaneni eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi basebenzele ukuxazulula kokubili ukuphumelela kwezomnotho nobulungisa bezenhlalo.

Isiphetho

Ukuthengiselana phakathi kokukhula kwezomnotho nokulingana akulula, futhi abavumi izimpendulo ezilula. Ubuhlobo phakathi kwalemigomo bubunjwe umlando, izinhlangano, kanye nomklamo okhethekile wezimiso. Kwezinye izimo, ukwanda nokulingana kungaba nobunye, nezimiso ezisungulwe kahle ezigqugquzela kokubili. Kwezinye izimo, ukuhweba kwangempela kukhona, futhi abenzi bezimiso kumelwe benze ukukhetha okunzima okubonisa izindinganiso zomphakathi wabo.

Okusobala ukuthi ukunganaki ukulingana ekufuneni ukukhula kunezingozi. Amazinga aphakeme okungalingani angenza ubudlelwane obungokwenhlalo bube buthaka, kunciphise ukunyakaza kwezomnotho, futhi ekugcineni kuqede ukuncishiswa kwezomnotho ngokwako. Ngokuphambene, ukuphishekela ukungalingani ngaphandle kokucabangela ukukhula kungaholela ekungalinganini, ekuncintiseni imali, nasekulahlekelweni kwenqubo yokuncintisana. Ubuciko bezezomnotho busekutholeni ukulinganisela okusebenza isikhathi esithile nendawo ethile.

Kubafundisi nabafundi, impikiswano yokukhula enikeza ithuba elicebile lokuhileleka emibuzweni eyisisekelo ngobulungisa, ukuphumelela, nenjongo yomsebenzi wezomnotho. Ngokuqonda ukuhweba nobufakazi, isizukulwane esilandelayo singanezela ezinqumweni ezicatshangelwe kahle neziphumelela ngokwengeziwe.