Iyini Ikholiji Lase - Electoral?

I-Electoral College iyinqubo emiswe ngokomthetho e-United States ikhetha ngayo umongameli wayo nesekela likamongameli. Kunokuba ikhethele ngokuqondile izwe lonke, lesimiso sincike endikimbeni yabavoti abakhethwe ngumbuso ngamunye abahlela abavoti abafuna ukuvota. Lesi sinyathelo somsizi besiyingxenye yokhetho lwaseMelika kusukela ekusungulweni kwesizwe, futhi siqonda indlela esebenza ngayo ibalulekile kuwo wonke umvoti ofuna ukubona ukuthi i-colotteo ixhumana kanjani nomphumela wokugcina.

Lapho uvota kukhetho lukamongameli, awuvoti ngokuqondile ngalabo abazokhethwa. Kunalokho, uvotela isileti sabo abavoti abathembise ukusekela umuntu othile ozobhapathizwa. Laba bavoti bahlangana ezinhloko- dolobha zabo zikahulumeni ukuze bavote, kamuva ababalwe yiKhomishane. Ingqikithi yabavoti ingu-58, ilinganisa ingqikithi yezihlalo eziseKhonsela (435 Abameli, 100) kanye nabavoti abathathu abamele iWashington, D.C. Ukuzuza amavoti alondekile, umvoti okhethiwe kumelwe athole amavoti angu-7072.

Lesi sakhiwo sisho ukuthi ivoti ethandwayo yesizwe ayinqumi ngokuqondile owinayo. Kunalokho, umncintiswano ulwiwa ngokwesifundazwe, ngevoti yohulumeni ngamunye enikezwa ngokusekelwe emphumeleni wevoti ethandwayo kulelozwe. Lomklamo ulinganisela amandla phakathi kwezifundazwe nabantu abaningi nabancane, unika wonke umbuso iphiko elinenjongo kumphumela kungakhathaliseki ubukhulu bawo.

Indlela I - Electoral College Operate Ngayo Namuhla

Ukukhetha Abanikezeli

Umbuso ngamunye unquma indlela yawo yokukhetha abavoti. Ngokwenqubo, amaqembu ezombangazwe esifundazweni ngasinye athatha izikweleti zabavoti emihlanganweni yeqembu noma ngamakomiti eqembu. Laba bavoti bangamanxusa avamile, bakhethiwe izikhulu, noma abashisekeli besikhathi eside abangathenjwa ukuvotela abacholi beqembu. Uma ufaka ibhola lakho kumongameli, ukhetha ngokuphumelelayo ukuthi isiphi isikweleti sabavoti esizomelela umbuso wakho.

Onqobayo Uthatha Konke Ukubusa

Kumazwe angu- 48 naku-Washington, D.C., ozokhetha ukunqoba amavoti amaningi kulesosifunda athola amavoti aso onke akhethiwe. Lokhu kubhekiselwa kuwo njengendawo enqobayo-yonke isimiso. Kuphela uMaine noNebraska abasebenzisa indlela ehlukile, bakhokhela umsizi we-voti ababili ku-moduli kazwelonke kanye novoti eyodwa ewini ngalinye lesifunda sombutho. Lo mnqobi-zonke ilungiselelo elibaluleke kakhulu e-Electoral Collegery ngenxa yokuthi ugxilisa wonke amandla kahulumeni ngemva komvoti oyedwa, wenza umphumela kuhulumeni ngamunye i-ftware yento yonke ewuhlulwayo.

Ukufinyelela UMdabalalo Ongu - 270

Ngoba ingqikithi yamavoti okhetho imiswe ngo-538, umvoti udinga u-70 kanye kanye ukuba athathe isikhundla sobumongameli. Lomnyango umelela ingxenye enkulu ye-Electoral College. Uma kungekho mvoti ofika ku-270, ukhetho lunqunywa yiNdlu yabameleli, futhi inxusa ngalinye lombuso livote i-offire kanye. Lokhu kwenzeke kabili emlandweni waseMelika, ngo-1800 nango-1824, kodwa kungenzeka kulokhu kuhlala kunqanyuliwe umthetho-sisekelo esimweni sokhetho oluceke kakhulu.

Amasu asukela ekumisweni kwemikhankaso engu 270 ngaphezu kwanoma isiphi esinye isici. Amasu agxila kakhulu emfuno ezindaweni lapho umphumela ungaqinisekile khona, owaziwa ngokuthi inkundla yempi noma izifundazwe, kunokuba azame ukukhuphula amavoti esizwe. Lokhu kuqinisa ukuhlobana phakathi kwevoti yakho ne-Electoral College: izindaba zakho zokuvota zikhulu kakhulu uma zisiza isiphetho esincintiwe kakhulu kumfundi ngamunye.

Ukuxhumana Okuqondile Phakathi Kolimi Lwakho Ne - Electoral College

Indlela Ibhola Lakho Elihunyushelwa Ngayo Izingoma Ezimnandi

Ivoti ngayinye efakwa kukhetho lukamongameli isebenza njengesiyalo kubakhethi bakahulumeni. Uma iningi labavoti kuhulumeni likhetha umnyukeli othile, abavoti bakahulumeni baboshelwa umthetho noma iqembu lithembisa ukuvota lowo mongameli. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ivoti yakho incishiwe ngezinkulungwane noma izigidi zabanye ukunquma umzuzi wezwe, futhi lowo ozuzayo ufaka wonke amavoti kahulumeni ngaphansi komthetho owini othola imvume.

Lolu chungechunge lokuvota luyisibopho esiqondile nesingokomthetho. Izikhulu zikahulumeni zokhetho ziqinisekisa imiphumela ethandwayo yokuvota, umbusi uphawula izitifiketi zokunikeza imvume yokunikeza uhlu lwabavoti abawinayo, futhi labo abavoti baqala ukumisa abavoti babo ngoDecember. Yonke inqubo isuka ezigidini zamavoti aphonswe ezweni, kuhlanganise nawe.

Ithonya Lezinga Likahulumeni

Ukubaluleka kwevoti yakho kuxhomeke kakhulu kuleso simo ohlala kuso. Izigaba ezincintisana kakhulu nezifundazwe ezifuna ukuvota zinamasu amakhulu kakhulu okuthinta umphumela wokhetho kunabantu abavoti abawavotayo ngokungaguquki. Ngokwesibonelo, ivoti ephonswe ePennsylvania, eMichigan, noma e-Arizona inganquma ukuthi yimuphi umvoti ovotelwa yileyo-voti kahulumeni, kuyilapho ivoti e-California noma e-Texas cishe ingawushintsha umphumela wezwe lonke.

Lokhu kuhlukana kungenye yezici ezivame ukuxoxwa ngazo ze-Electoral College. Abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi kudala indawo yokudlala engalingani lapho abavoti ezifundazweni ezilondekile bezizwa bedumele, kuyilapho abasekeli bephikisa ukuthi isimiso sivikela izithakazelo zezifunda ezincane futhi sivimbela abazohloniphi ekugxileni kuphela ezikhungweni ezinkulu zabantu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umi kuphi kule mpikiswano, ukuqonda indawo ekhethiwe kahulumeni wakho kukusiza ukuba ubone ukuthi ukuvota kwakho kuthinta kanjani impumelelo yesizwe.

Imvelaphi Engokomlando Nesisekelo Somthetho - sisekelo

Impikiswano Yomhlangano Womthetho - sisekelo

I-Electoral College yasungulwa phakathi noMhlangano woMthetho-sisekelo ka-1787 njengokwehlukana phakathi kwalabo ababefuna ukuba uMkhandlu ukhethe umongameli nalabo ababefuna ukuvota okuthandwa kakhulu. Abasunguli babekhathazeke kakhulu ngamaqembu, ukucwasana kwezifunda, nobunzima bokukhetha isizwe esikhathini sokukhulumisana okuthatha kancane nokuhamba okulinganiselwe. Bakhathazeka futhi ngokuthi amazwe angenawo amakhaya ayengeke ashaywe lapho kukhethwa ngokuqondile, alulaza isimiso sombuso ababesakha.

James Madison, u-Alexander Hamilton, nezinye izihambeli baphikisana ngeziphakamiso eziningi ngaphambi kokuba bahlale ku-Electoral College system. Hamilton waphikisa kuFederalist No. 68 ukuthi isimiso sasiyoqinisekisa ukuthi "isikhundla sikaMongameli asisoze sawela esimweni sanoma yimuphi umuntu ongafaneleki ngokusemthethweni." Isimiso sasiklanyelwe ukuba sibe yisehluzo esihlukanisayo phakathi kwevoti ethandwayo nokukhethwa okokugcina, nakuba sisebenza ngokuyinhloko njengendlela yokuhumusha imvume ethandwayo yesizwe.

Amashumi Amathathu Amane Ayekethisa Nefa Lawo

I-Electoral College yabuye yalolongwa yi-Finth Relation, eyayibala abantu abagqilazwe njengezingxenye ezintathu zomuntu ngezinjongo zokumelelwa nokukhokha intela. Lokhu kwanika izigodlo zaseningizimu amandla engeziwe okuvota ngaphandle kokunikeza abantu abagqilazwa amalungelo okuvota. Nakuba i-Finthth fith Claus yancishwa yiSigqibo seMithelela-14 ngemva kweMpi Yombango, isiphambeko esingokomlando phakathi kwe-Electoral College nezigqila sihlala siyingxenye ebalulekile yefa lesimiso kanye nesici esikhona ezimpini eziqhubekayo mayelana nokufaneleka kwaso.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-Electoral College iye yashintsha ngenxa yokulungisa umthetho-sisekelo nezinguquko zesifundazwe. ISichibiyelo seTwelfth, esagunyazwa ngo-1804, sayibukeza inqubo yokukhetha umongameli nesekela likamongameli ngemva kokhetho oluphikisanayo lwango-1800. ISichibiyelo seThird Amendment, esagunyazwa ngo-1961, sagunyazwa ukuvota okuvotelwe eWashington, D.C. Naphezu kwalezinguquko, isisekelo siye sahlala siqinile kakhulu amakhulu amabili eminyaka.

Imicabango Engalungile Ngekholiji Le - Electoral

Inganekwane Yesizwe Ethandwayo

Abavoti abaningi bacabanga ukuthi ovota kakhulu ezweni lonke uzuza ubumongameli ngokuzenzakalelayo. Lokhu akunembile. I-Electoral College ikhiqize amakhosi amahlanu alahlekelwa yivoti ethandwayo yesizwe: uJohn Quincy Adams (1824), uRutherford B. Hayes (1888), uBenjamin Harrison (1888), uGeorge W. Bush000, noDonald Trump (206). Lokhu kwenzeka lapho umvoti ezuza amazwe amaningana ngemigqa emincane, ethatha amavoti abo, kuyilapho elahlekelwa amanye amazwe ngemigqa emikhulu.

Ukuqonda lomehluko kubaluleke kakhulu ekuchazeni imiphumela yokukhetha. Uma uzwa ukuthi umvoti "ugunyaza ivoti ethandwayo," leso sibalo sibonisa ingqikithi yenani lamavoti abantu abawavota kulo lonke izwe, kodwa alinqumi umnqobi. IElectoral College ingumsizi ongokomthetho, futhi izinqumo zayo ziwukuphela kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isigaba sovoti esithandwayo sesizwe.

Imithombo Ephephile

Enye inkolelo edidayo iwukuthi ukuvota kunethonya elifanayo kunoma isifundazwe ngasinye. Eqinisweni, i-Electoral College idala ithonya elikhulu. Izifundazwe, ezibizwa nangokuthi i-wardop, yilezo ezithi umphumela awuqinisekile futhi zingahamba ngandlela-nye. Amazwe aphephile, ngokungafani, athanda iqembu elilodwa njalo. Ngenxa yokuthi imikhankaso igxila kakhulu ezifundazweni ezihambayo, abavoti kulezo zindawo bathola ukunakekela okwengeziwe, ukukhangisa okukhulu, nokudlula. Amavoter emazweni alondekile angase azizwe ukuthi amavoti awo awabheki kakhulu, nakuba esanikela kumanani ahlukene futhi athonya izinhlanga ezisezansi.

Lokhu kuzikhandla kuye kwaholela ekufuneni inguquko, kuhlanganise neziphakamiso zokuthatha indawo ye - Electoral College ngevoti ethandwayo yezwe noma ukwamukela i - National Popular Vote Intertate Commission, eyayiyonikeza amavoti ayo avuna amavoti kulowo onqobile kuvoti abathandwayo bezwe lonke owake wahlanganyela ekufinyeleleni amavoti angu - 270.

Izimpikiswano Ze - Electoral College Eziya Kuqulwa Nazo

Izimpikiswano Ezivumelana Nezimo

Abasekeli be-Electoral College banikeza iziqondiso ezimbalwa eziyinhloko. Okokuqala, isimiso sivikela izithakazelo zezifunda ezincane ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi abazothatha izikhundla zikamongameli kumelwe bakhe imifelandawonye ezindaweni eziningi kunokugxila kuphela ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi. Ngaphandle kwe-Electoral College, abazofuna ukubhapathizwa banganqoba ngokulawula amadolobha amancane amakhulu futhi bashaye indiva izifunda zasemaphandleni kanye nabantu abambalwa ngokuphelele.

Okwesibili, i-Electoral College ikhuthaza ubuzwe ngokumisa inqubo yokukhetha phakathi kwemingcele kahulumeni. Izwe ngalinye lihlela ngokwalo, lifake imiphumela yalo, futhi lithumele abavoti balo. Lesi simiso esihloniphekile sivumelana nesimiso somthetho-sisekelo esisho ukuthi sinegunya elibalulekile phezu kokuzibusa kwalo.

Okwesithathu, lesimiso sikhuthaza imifelandawo yonke. Umfundi kumelwe anqobe izifunda ezihlukene zezwe ukuze afinyelele amavoti angu-270 avoti, abangela ukuba kuqhutshwe umkhankaso ezindaweni ezingase zinganakwa.

Izimpikiswano Ezimelene Nazo

Abagxeki bakhomba ezingqinamba eziningana eziphawulekayo. Okuvelele ukuthi iElectoral College ingaveza umuntu onqobayo ongamukelanga amavoti amaningi esizwe, abaningi abawabheka njengongenayo idemocratic. Lokhu kuye kwenzeka kabili okhethweni lukamongameli oluyisithupha lokugcina, okuye kwanciphisa ukuqiniseka komphakathi ngokulunga kwalenqubo.

Okwesibili, isimiso sokunqoba esithatha wonke umnqobi sihlupha ngokuphumelelayo abavoti abasekela olahlekileyo esifundazweni esinikeziwe. Uma uvotela oza kwesibili esifundazweni sakho, ivoti yakho ayithathi lutho emphumeleni wesizwe. Lokhu kungaholela ekuthobeni umvoti ophansi emazweni aphephile lapho umphumela uthathwa njengonqunyiwe kusengaphambili.

Okwesithathu, le nqubo iveza ukugxila kakhulu ezifundazweni ezishintshashintshayo, lapho inani elincane labavoti linganquma khona umphumela wokhetho lonke. Lokhu kuholela ekunakweni okungenakulinganiswa nemithombo eqondiswe ezifundazweni ezimbalwa kuyilapho ezinye izifunda zinganakwa kakhulu. Abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi yonke ivoti kufanele ibe nobukhulu obulinganayo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iphoqwaphi.

Indlela Imishini Yakho Eyisebenzisa Ngayo Isiza Ngayo

Naphezu kobunzima be-Electoral College yakho, ukuvota kwakho akunanjongo. Ivoti ngayinye inezela engqikithini enquma ukuthi ukunqoba kwezwe lonke. Esimweni sokuncintisana, imingcele yokunqoba ingaba yisicubu setshe, futhi yonke imibango eqotho. Ukhetho lwango 2000 eFlorida lwanqunywa ngamavoti angu-373, futhi ukhetho lwamashumi amabili ayizi-2020 eGeorgia lwanqunywa ngabavoti abangaphansi kwe 12 000. Kulezo zifundazwe, i-ivoti ngayinye yanquma ukuthi yimuphi umvoti wokhetho lukahulumeni futhi, ngokwengxenye, waba ngumongameli.

Ngisho nasezizweni ezilondekile, ivoti yakho ithumela uphawu. Ifaka iqhaza engxoxweni yesizwe ngokuphathelene nokuthambekela kwezombangazwe, ithonya izinhlanga eziwubala zeSigele, indlu, namahhovisi kahulumeni, futhi ibonisa ukuthembisana kwezakhamuzi. Ukhetho lwendawo, izilinganiso, namahhovisi amaqembu ancike futhi kuxhomeke kulowo mvoti ofanayo ohlanganyela kukhetho lomongameli. Amandla nokuphenduliswa kwemikhankaso yobumongameli kungaba nomphumela owehlayo kubo bonke ababhemi.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ongayenza yivoti. I-Electoral College ayiwasusi amandla ezwi lakho; iqondisa lawomandla ngenqubo yombuso ebekwe endaweni yayo amakhulu amabili eminyaka. Ukuqonda ukuthi isebenza kanjani kukusiza ukuba uphonse ibhola lakho ngokuqiniseka nangokucacile.

Ukuqinisa Izwi Lakho Enqubweni Yokunqoba

Ukuze usebenzise kakhulu ivoti yakho emongweni we-Electoral College, cabangela lezi zinyathelo eziwusizo. Okokuqala, funda ukuthi isimo sakho sinesimo esishintshashintshayo, isimo esiphephile, noma phakathi nendawo. Lolwazi lukusiza ukuba uqonde ithonya levoti yakho futhi lungaqondisa ukuthembisana kwakho ngemikhankaso nangamaqembu afuna ukuphatha izigebengu.

Okwesibili, ukuhlanganyela kukhetho lwezwe nolwendawo. I-Electoral College ayithathi indawo ezinye izindlela eziningi zokumisa uhulumeni wakho wokuvota. Abamisi-mthetho, ababusi, nezikhulu zokhetho bafeza indima ebucayi ekuqondiseni ukhetho, ukuveza imingcele yesifunda, nokuqinisekisa imiphumela. Ukuvota kwakho kulezi zinhlanga kungathonya indlela okhethwe ngayo umongameli wesikhathi esizayo.

Okwesithathu, hlala wazi ngezinguquko ezihlongozwayo. Izingxoxo nge-Electoral College ziyaqhubeka eKholijini, ezindlu zombuso, nasezifundeni. Noma usekela isimiso samanje, ukhetha ukhetho oluthandwayo lwezwe, noma ufuna ukubona ezinye izindlela ezinjengokuhlelwa ngokulandelana kwamavoti ahlukene, izihloko zakho engxoxweni eqhubekayo mayelana nendlela iMelika ekhetha ngayo abaholi bayo.

Okwesine, siza abanye ukuba baqonde lenqubo. Abavoti abaningi badidekile ngokuthi iElectoral College isebenza kanjani nokuthi izindaba zabo zokuvota zisebenza kanjani. Ukuhlanganyela ukwaziswa okuqondile kunganciphisa ukudideka futhi kukhuthaze ukuthatha isinyathelo. IZinqolobane zezinqolobane zesizwe [[ inikeza izincazelo eziningi zenqubo ye-Electoral College, kanye USA.gov

Okokugcina, qinisekisa ukubhalisa kwakho futhi wenze icebo lokuvota. Ukhetho ngalunye lunqunywa yilabo abaqhamuka. Ukwazi indawo yakho yokuvota, ukuqonda izimfuneko zophawulo lukahulumeni wakho, nokuqaphela izindlela zokuvota zakuqala kungasusa izithiyo zokuhlanganyela. Imivubukulo enjenge 270toWin izimo zokuvota futhi usizwe ubone imiphumela ehlukene ethinta umjaho wama-270.

Isiphetho

I-Electoral College iyisici esihlukile sokhetho lukamongameli waseMelika oluhlanganisa ukuvota kwakho nomphumela wesizwe ngomphathi wesifundazwe. Ivoti yakho inquma ukuthi ubani ozokhetha ozuza amavoti kahulumeni wakho, futhi labo bavoti abakhethweyo banquma ukuthi ubani oba ngumongameli. Nakuba isimiso sinabavikeli nabagxeki, ukuqonda indlela esisebenza ngayo kukuvumela ukuba uhileleke enqubweni yokukhetha ngokuphumelelayo.

I - Electoral College ingahlela indlela amavoti abalwa ngayo, kodwa ayisinciphisi isimiso esiyisisekelo sokuthi okhethweni banqunywe abantu abakhetha ukwenza ukuba amazwi abo azwe.