Ukuhlola kokuphoqa kumelela elinye lamathuluzi akhohlisa kakhulu ekukhankanyeni kwezombangazwe kwanamuhla, esebenza enqamule ukucwaninga nokulawula ingqondo. Ngokungafani nokuhlolwa kombono womphakathi osemthethweni oklanyelwe ukuqoqa ukwaziswa okungacaciwe, ukusunduza kwenziwa ngenjongo ecacile yokuguqula [1] hhayi ukulinganisa izimo zengqondo. Lesi sihloko sihlola izinqubo ezisunduza ukuphenya inqubo yokukhetha nokuziphatha kokuvota, ukudweba ukucwaninga kwesayensi yezombangazwe, ukusebenza kwengqondo, kanye nokucwaninga ngokuxhumana. Ukuqonda lezi zici ezinamandla kubalulekile ku-swordssssssss as provicesss abenzi bezimiso zokwenza izinqumo zedemocralitial.

Ukuchaza Izintuthwane Ezishukumisayo: Lokho Eziyikho Nezingeyikho

Inhlolo - vo ephoqelelayo inqubo yokuxhumana engokwezombangazwe ebonakala njengendlela yokuhlola esemthethweni. Umehluko oyinhloko uhloselwe: ukuhlola okuqotho kuzama ukuthatha lokho umphakathi okucabangayo, kuyilapho ukuphenya okuphoqelelwe kufuna ukushintsha lokho umphakathi okucabangayo. Abaholi babuza imibuzo yokumangalela eklanyelwe ukuveza ukwaziswa okuphambene ngomphikisi noma ukubeka inkambiso ngendlela elimazayo. Igama elithi "push" libhekisela emzamweni wamabomu wokuzama "ukuthusa" ukukhomba isiphetho esimisiwe.

Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa ukucindezelwa kwezicelo kweminye imisebenzi yomkhankaso wohlobo lokuhlola:

  • Izibalo zombono: Sebenzisa isampula engokwesayensi, amagama angathathi hlangothi, futhi umbiko uphumele ngaphandle.
  • Izingcingo ze-Advocacy: ngokucacile zizibonakalisa njengezingcingo zokuxhumana (umk., "zikhokhelwa uMbusi weKomiti").
  • Ukuhlola:[ Zilahle njengokucwaninga, ngokuvamile zithi ziqhutshwa inkampani yokucwaninga engathathi hlangothi, kuyilapho ihambisa okuphakathi okucwathile.

Ukuhlola kokucindezela kufinyelela inani elikhulu labavoti (futhi abangu-50 000 noma ngaphezulu) benombhalo omfushane wemibuzo engu-2-25. Ngenxa yokuthi umgomo awukona ukuqoqwa kokwaziswa, abashayeli abaqophi abavamile ukuqopha; bamane badlulele, bahlwanyele imbewu yokungabaza noma baqinise ukuzihlanganisa okuhle nosekela.

Imishini Yokuthonya: Indlela Ukubhucunga Okukhanga Ngayo

Ukuhlolwa kokucindezela kusebenzisa izinkolelo-lwazi eziningana ezizinzile ezingokwengqondo nezizokuxhumana. Ukuqonda lezi zinqubo kwembula ukuthi kungani zingaphumelela kangaka, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabavoti abangahlolwanga kahle noma abangatholanga ulwazi oluphansi.

Ukukhohliswa: Ukusebenzisa Abangane Abasebenzayo

Ubugebengu buyenzeka lapho kuthonywa ithonya lempendulo elandelayo. Ekuhloleni okusunduzayo, imibuzo iklanyelwe ukwenza izimpawu ezithile noma izihloko zitholakale kakhulu ezingqondweni zabavoti. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlola okucindezelayo kungabuza:

"Ingabe ungakhetha u-X uma wazi ukuthi u-X wovota ngokumelene nokuxhasa abangomakadebona kathathu na?”

Ngisho noma umvoti engakaze abheke ukuxhasa ngemali njengezezimali eziqoshiwe, impikiswano eqondene nesokuqala. Khona - ke umvoti uhlola u-X ngalelo lens, ngisho noma lokho akushoyo kukhohlisa noma kukhishwa ngaphandle komongo. Ukucwaninga kuka-Iyengar no Kinder (1987) kwabonisa ukuthi i-pringing ingakuguqula ngokuphawulekayo ukusetshenziswa kwezimiso zokukhetha ukuhlola abavota.

Ukuchaza Ngemibuzo: Ukuchaza Ngezindlela Ezilula

Inkolelo-mbono yokufaka isikisela ukuthi indlela ukwaziswa okunikezwa ngayo ithonya ngendlela okuchazwa ngayo. Ukuhlola kokucindezela kusebenzisa ukudweba ukuze kukhishwe umagazini noma umphikisi ngendlela ephambene. Cabangela izindlela ezimbili zokubuza ngenqubo efanayo:

  • Ifulegi engathathi hlangothi:[ "Uyasekela noma uphikise ukukhuphula umholo omncane?
  • Ifulegi yokuhlola: "Ingabe uyasekela noma uphikisa inkambiso ethi izazi zezomnotho ziyokwenza amabhizinisi amancane akhiphe izisebenzi futhi aphakamise amanani abathengi?

Umbuzo wesibili uhlanganisa isilinganiso sonyuko uma kucatshangelwa imiphumela engathi isuke ikhona kwezomnotho, ukuthatheka kwempendulo. Ngisho noma kamuva umvoti efunda impikiswano, ifulegi yokuqala ingaqhubeka, cishe isenzakalo esaziwa ngokuthi "umphumela onamandla"

Iqiniso Elimane Lidalulwe Neliyinkohliso

Ukuchayeka ngokuphindaphindiwe ekutheni kuveza amathuba okuthi kuyiqiniso, ikakhulukazi uma umthombo wento eshiwoyo ulibalwa. Ukuhlola kokucindezela kuveza abavoti ngemiyalezo ephambene izikhathi eziningi enqamule iminyango ehlukene noma kushaye imijikelezo. Ngisho noma umvoti engakukhumbuli ukuphoqelelwa, ukuhlolelwa phakathi komphikisi nezimfanelo eziphambene kungagxila. Lokhu kuvumelana nomphumela weqiniso eliphambene nomthetho ophindaphindwayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukunemba kwakho.

Ukukhandleka Okungokomzwelo Nokubhikisha

Ukuhlola okuphoqelelwe ngokuvamile kuxhomeke olimini olucasulayo ngokomzwelo nasemacaleni. Intukuthelo, ukwesaba, nokukhathazeka kunamandla abashayeli bemizwa ehlangene nezombangazwe. Uma abavoti bevuswe ngokomzwelo, bathambekele kakhulu ekusebenziseni ukwaziswa okusekelwe ekusebenziseni izimpawu ezithathelwanayo ngokushoshoshozelisayo, kungenxa yokuthi bathembele emizweni engaphakathi kunokuba babhekise ukunakekela okucophelelayo. Ukuhlola okuphoqelelwe okusikisela ukuthi ohlolile uhilelekile ekuhlanekeni imizwelo okungabangela ukucabanga okugxeka kakhulu. Uma nje isigqebhezana esingokomzwelo sixhunyiwe, kungaba nzima ukumelana nokulungisa okungaqondile.

Umphumela Wokwenziwa Kwesinqumo Sezigebengu: Ubufakazi Nemiphumela

Ukuhlola kokuhlola kuye kwaqinisekisa ukuthi ukusunduza ukuvota kungashintsha izinhloso zokuvota, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Ukufakwa kwemiphumela ephambene yomkhankaso (Lau et al., 2007) kwathola ukuthi nakuba wonke umphumela wezikhangiso ezingezinhle unesizotha, kusunduza ukuhlolwa kokuhlola ngenxa yokuthi zifihlekile futhi zidluliswa emongweni osikisela ukungathathi hlangothi kwesayensi.

Amavoter angaphicothiwe Nangatholakali

Ucwaningo lubonisa njalo ukuthi ukuphoqelela abantu ukuba bahlole kuphumelela kakhulu emaqenjini amabili:

  1. Abavoti abangaphenduliswanga: Laba bantu bafuna ngentshiseko ukukhomba ukuthi imuphi umbhalisa ozomsekela. Ukuhlola okucindezelayo okunikeza ufuzo oluqinile olungakhomba isilinganiso, ikakhulukazi uma umvoti entula ulwazi oluphikisanayo.
  2. Abavoti-ulwazi oluthambile: Abantu abangenalwazi olutheni lwezombangazwe basengozini kakhulu yokufaka nokufaka imiphumela exekethile. Ngaphandle kwekhono lengqondo eliqinile lokuhlola izinkulumo zezombangazwe, bangakwamukela ukusikisela okuphoqelelweyo kokuhlola ubuso.

Okunye ukuhlola okwenziwa nguGranberg noHolmberg (1996) kwathola ukuthi ukuchayeka embuzweni wokuhlola owodwa ophoqelelwe ngokuziphatha okungathandeki kombhalisa kwashintsha ukuvota ngo 5-8 ngamaphesenti phakathi kwabavoti abangakhethanga. Okhethweni oluseduze, uhlangothi olunganquma umphumela.

Imiphumela Emide: Ukuqina Nokuvuselelwa Kwegazi

Ukuhlola kokuphoqa kusiza futhi ekuqiniseni isimo sengqondo esikhona phakathi kwabashokobezi. Uma umsekeli ozinikele ka-Candidate A ethola umbheki ocindezelayo wokuhlasela i-Candidate B, kuqinisa futhi kujulise ubandlululo lwabo olukhona. Lokhu kuqinisa kunengxenye ekuchaphazeleni izindawo ezihlukanayo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuchayeka ngokuphindaphindiwe ekukhipheni imiyalezo ethambile emikhankasweni nasemithonjeni yezindaba kungaqeda ukwethemba inqubo yokukhetha ngokwayo.

Izibonelo Eziphawulekayo Zomlando Zezinhlansi Zokubhuntshisa Ezisebenza

Ukuqonda izindaba ezithile kuyasiza ekuboniseni amasu nemiphumela yazo.

Ukukhethwa Komongameli waseU.S.

Phakathi nonyaka ka 2000 weRepublican primial, kwafakwa iziphetho zokuhlola ngokumelene noSenator John McCaine abasizi bakaMbusi uGeorge W. Bush. Abaqondisi baseNingizimu Carolina bathola izingcingo ezibuzayo, "Ingabe kungenzeka ukuthi uvote uJohn McCain uma wazi ukuthi wayezale umntwana omnyama ongekho emthethweni?" Umbuzo obhekiswe kuMcCaines watholwa indodakazi evela eBangladesh. Ukuthathwa kwendaba yokungasheshi kwakungamanga, kodwa umonakalo wenziwe. Kamuva uMcCain wachaza okuhlangenwe nakho ngokuthi "isimo esiphansi kakhulu sezombangazwe" ukusundula kuye kwabangela ukulahlekelwa kwakhe eSouth Carolina enkulu, okwawuqeda ngokuphumelelayo umkhankaso wakhe.

U - 2016 I - exit Referendem

Nakuba ingekho kukhetho lokuvota, i-Brexit ibone ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kwamasu okusunduza ukungcola kokubili ngemikhankaso yokushiya nokuhlala. Abaholi bathola izingcingo ezibuza imibuzo enjenge: "Uma bewazi ukuthi i-European Union ithumela imiliyoni ezingu-$350 ngesonto e-UK, futhi lemali ingasetshenziselwa e-National Health Service esikhundleni, ungavota ukuthi uSiteshi? Inani eliyizigidi ezingu-$350 labekwa indiva kakhulu kamuva, kodwa ukusunduza i-frammediod consocted Cootation ephethe i-EUU icabanga ukuthi i-EUURC iwumsele wemithombo yaseBrithani. Ukucwaninga ngeUKctoral Commis yathola ukuthi u-3% wabika izingcingo ezinjalo, futhi waphawula ukuthi inani eliyisihluthulelo semali kamuva lincishisiwe ngenxa yesizathu sabo.

Ukhetho Lwama - Presidenti Ka - 2016

Ukuhlola okushaqiwe kwaba nendima ebalulekile kukhetho lukamongameli wase-U.S. kokubili imikhankaso emikhulu namaqembu angaphandle ayisebenzisayo ukuze asakaze ukwaziswa okungakhi. Isibonelo esiphawulekayo esihilela ukuphoqelela izinqumo eziyinhloko sisho ukuthi kwabuzwa abavoti ngezimo ezicatshangelwayo ezihilela impilo kaHillary Clinton. Izingcingo zazibuza, "Ingabe ukhathazekile ukuthi uHillary Clinton unesimo esingathi sína sezokwelapha esimvimbela ekukhonzeni ngokuphumelelayo?" Lokhu kwakusekelwe emahlebekweni angenakuphikiswa, futhi ukubuza ngokuphindaphindiwe okuthintinga okufuna ikhambiwe ngempilo njengendinganiso yokuvota.

Ukukhethwa Kwezigaba ZaseCanada

ECanada, ukuphenya okuphoqelelwe kuye kwabhekana nezinselele ezingokomthetho. Phakathi nokhetho lukahulumeni ngo-2015, i-Conservative Party yabekwa icala ngokusebenzisa izinqumo zokucindezela ukuhlasela umholi we-Liberal Justin Trudeau. Voters wabika ukuthi wamukela izingcingo ezaqala ngo-"Siqhuba ukuhlolwa kwemibono yakho ngeLiberal Party" futhi wabuza ukuthi zingenza yini noma zicishe zivote i-Liberal uma zazisho ukuthi u-Trudeau wayazi ukuthi u-"uthembise ukuphakamisa intela yekharbon" noma "wayisekela intela yekharbon" noma" kuyilapho leyo midaye yiqiniso, icebo lentela lika-Trudeauldau lamuva layihlukanisa ikilasi le-klan elungile lenkampani elixoxisayo.

Ukukhathazeka Okungokwesayensi: Isizathu Sokuba Imibono Ecindezelayo Ithonywe Ngokubusa Kwentando Yeningi

Ukuhlola okuphoqelelwe kuphakamisa imibuzo ejulile ngezindinganiso zokuziphatha ngokuphathelene nesimo sokukhulumisana kwezombangazwe nobuqotho bokhetho.

Ukukhohlisa Nokuvumelana Nolwazi

Ukuphulwa kwezimiso zokuhle okuyisisekelo kuwukukhohlisa. Abaqondisi bakholelwa ukuthi bahlanganyela ekucwaningeni okusemthethweni. Abatshelwa ukuthi ucingo luwumkhankaso wokuxhumana, futhi abatshelwa ukuthi umninilo mshayeli ungubani. Lokhu kuphula isimiso semvume yolwazi elawula ukucwaninga ngezimiso zezimiso. INhlangano yaseMelika ye-Public Opinionnion Research (AAPOR) iyakulahla ngokuqondile ukuphoqelela ukuphenya, isho ukuthi "aklanyelwe ukuthola ukwaziswa okungahlolwanga" nokuthi isebenzisa "umphandle we-appliess ekuhloleni."

Ukwanda Kokwaziswa Okunganembile

Ukuhlola kokusunduza kuyi-vector yokwaziswa okunganembile. Ngenxa yokuthi abakhonzisi izimfuneko ezifanayo zokuhlola noma ukukhangisa njengezikhangiso, bangasakaza izikhangiso zamanga noma ezingazikhohlisi ngaphandle kokulandisa. Isimo esikhohlisayo sefomethi sisho ukuthi ukwaziswa okungamanga kudluliswa hhayi njengokuqamba kodwa njengombuzo, okwenza kube nzima ukuhloba emthonjeni. Uma abacosheli noma abaqaphi bamaqiniso bezama ukulahla ukuhlolwa okuphoqelelwe, ngokuvamile abakwazi ukubona ukuthi ubani okukhokhelayo, njengoba abasha besebenzisa izinombolo zocingo nezigodlo.

Ukuncipha Kokwethembana Ekuhloleni

Uma abavoti beqaphela ukuthi ama-"suvey" empeleni amasu omkhankaso, abazimisele ukuthatha iqhaza ekucwaningeni okusemthethweni. Amazinga okusabela kokuhlola koqobo aye ehla ngokuphawulekayo emashumini eminyaka amuva. Ngokwe-Pew Research, amazinga okusabela kokuhlola kocingo aye ehla kusukela ku 36% ngo-1997 kuya ku-6% kuphela ngo-2018. Ukuhlola okucindezela kunikeza iqhaza lokuncipha ``'' okuye kwashiswa "umnyusi" cishe akunakuphendula izingcingo zesikhathi esizayo ezishiwo njengokucwaninga.

Ukubukeka Okuphakeme: Imizamo Yokunqanda Ukubhebhetheka Kwezinhlansi

Ukuphumelela kwemithetho ngokuvamile kulinganiselwe ngezinselele nokuvikelwa komthetho okuvimbela inkulumo yezombangazwe.

United States

E-United States, ukuphoqelela ukuhlolwa akuyona imithetho engekho emthethweni ngokwe-se kodwa kungase kwephule imithetho ethile. INkantolo Ephakeme ngokuvamile iye yavikela inkulumo yezombangazwe, kuhlanganise nokuphoqelela ukungcola, ngaphansi kweSichibiyelo Sokuqala. Nokho, amanye amazwe aye amisa imingcele ethile:

  • [ Idaho: Ifuna izinqumo ezisunduza ihlanganisa ukudalulwa kwezwi elithi "Lolubizo lukhokhelwa [igama lomxhasi] futhi lusetshenziselwa ukuthonya amavoti akho" ukujezisa kungaphumela ekukhokheleni okungafanelekile.
  • New Jersey:[ Bat imemeza ethi "imelela uhlobo locingo" noma ihlulekile ukuveza ukuthi lungobani ucingo lwenhlangano ngokwezimali.
  • [ Florida: Idinga noma yikuphi ukuhlola kocingo okuhlobene nomkhankaso wezombangazwe kuhlanganisa igama lomxhasi nekheli.

Kuhulumeni, i-Fource Consumer Protection Act (TCPA) ivimbela izingcingo ezizenzekelayo kodwa ikhulula izingcingo zezombangazwe. I-Federal Communications Commission ayikhulumanga ngokuqondile ngokuphoqelela. I-Force i-Spolations Commission ayibhekisi phambili ngokuthukela nangokukhalaza.

Canada

ICanada inemithetho eqinile. I-Radio-telec and TeNCOURTC Commission yase-Canada ifuna ukuba zonke izikhokhi zezombangazwe zihlanganise igama lomxhasi nenombolo ebuyayo. Ukuhlola kokuphoqa okuhlulekayo ukuveza isimo sazo sobuhlanga kungaphenywa ngaphansi koMthetho we-Canada Evolutions. Ngo-2018, inkampani ebizwa ngokuthi Racknine yahlawuliswa ngenkokhelo yayo ekhoneni eqondisa abavoti ukuba bashaye iziteshi ezishayeni ngokungemthetho.

United Kingdom

Kuyi-UK, ukuphenya okuphoqelelwe kuwela ngaphansi kwe- puraview ye-Ofisity yokwaziswa kaKhomishane we-Oficial (ICO) uma ihilela izingcingo ezizihambelayo. I-ICO ikhokhele izinhlangano ngokwenza izingcingo ezingekho emthethweni ezizishaya sengathi ziwukuhlola. Nokho, kunzima ukulawula ukuhlolelwa okuphilayo ngenxa yokuntula incazelo ecacile engokomthetho. I-UElectoral Commission iye yabiza ukuba kube nokukhanya okukhulu emkhankasweni wezombangazwe kodwa ayikhiphanga iziqondiso ezithile ezithintini.

Australia

I-Australia’s Infic Act ne-Spam Act zilawula ngokungaqondile ukuphenya izicelo, kodwa awukho umthetho onikezelwe. I-Electoral Commission itusa ukuba abavoti bathathe izingcingo ezingacelwanga ngokuqapha, kodwa ukugcinwa kwamandla kulinganiselwe.

Indlela Abavolontiya Abangazivikela Ngayo

Nakuba ukuqondisa kubalulekile, imfundo yomuntu ngamunye ovotayo ihlale iwusizo kakhulu. Nawa amasu asebenzayo okuthola nokumelana nokuphenya okuphoqelela:

  • Buza imibuzo ehlukanisayo: Uma ucingo ethi uqhuba ukuhlola, cela igama eliphelele lenkampani yokucwaninga, umxhasi, nenjongo yesifundo. Abavoti abagunyazi bama-ggitimate bazakunika lokhu kwaziswa; abafuni bavame ukulengisa noma ukunikeza izimpendulo ezicaphukisayo.
  • Funa ulimi oluholayo: Uma imibuzo ihlanganisa ukwaziswa okungakhi mayelana nombhalisa noma uhlelo, ikakhulukazi ulwazi olubonakala luyisikhala noma lugoqo, ngokunokwenzeka luyinhlolo yokuhlola okuphoqelelayo. Thembela ngemizwelo yakho engokwemvelo.
  • Ungahileleki ngokomzwelo: Abafuni abasunduzi baqeqeshelwe ukuvusa ukusabela okunamandla. Uma uzizwa ucasukile noma ushaqekile ngombuzo, yima ucabange ukuthi ucingo lungase lube umzamo wokusebenzisa kabi amandla.
  • Imibiko esolayo: E-US, ikhalaze iFederal Trade Commission (FTC) noma ummeli omkhulu kahulumeni. ECanada, thinta i-CRTC. E-UK, ubike ku-ICO. Ngisho noma ukuphoqelela ukugcinwa kwemithetho kuhamba kancane, ukukhononda kuyasiza ukwakha irekhodi elingaholela esenzweni.
  • Sebenzisa amathuluzi okushaya ucingo: Izisekelo ezinjenge Nomorobo (US) noma i-Huya ingasiza ekuhluzeni izihluzo ezaziwayo. Nokho, ukusunduza amavolondi okuhamba ezinomboloni ezingaziwa kunzima ukuvimbela.

Ikusasa Lezinhlansi Zokuthutha Ezingamananini

Njengoba ukusebenzisa i-local kuncipha futhi imikhankaso yezombangazwe ihamba kuyi-inthanethi, ukuphenya okuphoqelelwayo kushintsha-shintsha. Ukuhlola kwamanani manje kubonakala njengemibuzo yezokuxhumana, izikhangiso zezokuxhumana, noma imiyalezo. Izinqubo ezifanayo zengqondo (ukudayisa), ukufushanisa, ukuphindaphindwa kwe-apply), kodwa ukufinyelela kungaba kukhulu kakhulu uma kubekwa imicroscope. Imikhankaso ingasebenzisa izisekelo zokuvota ukuze kubonwe abantu abanokukholisa nokuhambisa isiko ngokusebenzisa i-Facebook noma i-imeyili.

Ukuhlakanipha kokwenza nakho kuyangena esithombeni. Amazwi anezintambo angaphatha izinkulungwane zezingcingo ezisunduza kanyekanye, zivumelanisa umbhalo osekelwe ezimpenduloni zangaphambili zomvoti noma eziqondiswe ngokwenani labantu. Lokhu kwenza ukutholwa kube nzima nakakhulu futhi kuphakamise imibuzo mayelana nemvume nemfihlo yokwaziswa.

Abalawuli balwa kanzima ukuze bagcine ijubane. I-European’s General Data Protection Regation (GDPR) imisa imithetho eqinile ekusebenziseni ukwaziswa komuntu siqu ekusebenziseni ukukhipha i-profilji, okungalinganisela ezinye izindlela zokuphoqelela ukungcola. Nokho, ukuphoqelela emingceleni kuhlala kubuthakathaka. Inselele yentando yeningi ukuvikela inkulumo ekhululekile yezombangazwe kuyilapho inqanda ukukhohlisa. Njengoba ukuhlola kuya kuba yinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe, isidingo sokuqaphela umphakathi, ukuqina komsebenzi wokusakaza imithombo yezincwadi, nemithetho elawula ukusebenza kwayo akukaze kube ngaphezulu.

Isiphetho: Isici Esiwukuthula Esiwukuzikhethela Okunolwazi

Ukuhlola kokucindezela akusona isicefe esinesithiyo kwezombangazwe; kuyisu elisekelwe kubufakazi lokuphazamisa ukuvota ngamabomu. Ngokusebenzisa ubandlululo lokuqonda nokulahla inkulumo - ze njengokucwaninga, balulaza izinga lenkulumo yasobala futhi bajikije imiphumela esemthethweni. Nakuba imithetho ethile elawulayo inikeza amakhambi alinganiselwe, ukuzivikela okuyinhloko kumelwe kube yi-computertecter efundile. Abaqondisi bezindlela zokuphoqelela ukuvota cishe bathotyelwe yibo. Njengoba umugqa ophakathi kokuhlola okungokomthetho nokusebenzisa izimfihlo ezingokomthetho nokwezombangazwe uqhubekela phambili enkathini yolwazi, isimiso sobudemokrame esine sezimiso zokuzikhethela okuzimele nesolwazi luxhomeke ekhonweni sethu sokubona ngokuphoqwa.

[[I]0] ngokuphindaphinde ufunde:[[[QUL:1]