Ukubukeza Okungokomlando Kokusakaza Iposi

Umkhuba wokuvota ngeposi, namuhla ovame ukufana nokuvota okungekho, unomlando omude nowuhlu lwezici ezibonisa ukwanda kokuhlanganyela kwentando yeningi emhlabeni wonke. Nakuba umqondo wokuvota usendaweni eqhelile ungase ubonakale ungowanamuhla, izimpande zawo zihlehlela emuva ekuqaleni kwekhulu le - 19, zishukunyiswa isidingo sokuhlanganisa izakhamuzi ezingenakukwazi ukuya ngokoqobo ekuvoteleni izindawo ngenxa yenkonzo yezempi, ukugula, ukuthatha indawo ethile, noma umsebenzi womphakathi kwamanye amazwe.

Imvelaphi Yempi

Enye yezindlela zakudala ezibhaliwe zokuvota ngeposi zenzeka phakathi neMpi yomphakathi waseMelika (1861-1865). I-Union yaqaphela ukuthi amasosha alwa kude nasekhaya akufanele asuswe. Amazwe anjengoWisconsin noIowa anikeza imithetho evumela amasosha ukuba avote enhlamini, ngokuvamile esebenzisa amavota ephepha athunyelwa emuva ezifundeni zasekhaya. Lendlela yokuvota yayingeyona nje indlela engcono yokusebenza; yayibhekwa njengemfuneko engokomthetho wentando yeningi yomthetho phakathi nesikhathi senhlekelele yesizwe. [[FLT:] Lemikhankambiso yakuqala yabonisa ukuthi ukuvota kwakungavela ngaphandle kwesiteshini yokuhlola engokwesiko [[FLT] [FLD1] futhi yabeka isethulo esimweni sokuvota okungekho kwezwe phakathi nekhulu leminyaka.

Ukwanda Kwembulunga Yonke Ekhulwini Lama - 20

Njengoba amalungelo okuvota anda ngekhulu lama-20, ngokufanayo nezindlela zokusebenzisa lawomalungelo. Ngawo-1980, imibuso eminingi emisiwe yentando yeningi yayinezimiso ezisemthethweni zokuvota. Canada, ngokwesibonelo, yasungula i-Special Voting Regals in 1985, eyavumela izisebenzi zase-Canada Empilers, iziboshwa, nezakhamuzi ezihlala kwamanye amazwe ukuba zivote ngeposi. I-Australia, leyo esiye yazikhukhumeza isikhathi eside ngokuvota okuphoqelelwe, yamukela ukuvota kweposi ukuze iqinisekise ukuthatha inxaxheba kwayo enkulu, eyakhiwe ngokushiyana abantu abavela kwamanye amazwe. IYurophu yabona ukutholwa kwayo okuphawulekayo: iSwitzerland, nesiko sayo esiqinile sokulawula intando yezwe, iye yasebenzisa ukuvota amashumi eminyaka, futhi ngo-20055 i-ebolottet sychwarbat system, noma i-movet systet systriot, noma i-motion, imvume enziswa i-e i-modult.

  • United States: ukuvota iposi kwanda ngokuphawulekayo ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20 nasekuqaleni kwelama-21, ikakhulukazi eNtshonalanga yoGu. I-Oregon yaba yizwe lokuqala ukuqhuba ukhetho lukamongameli ngokuphelele ngeposi ngo-2,000, kulandelwe yiWashington futhi kamuva iColorado kanye nezinye.
  • Kingdom yeUnited Kingdom:[ ukuvota kweposi ngesidingo kwaqalwa ngo-2001, nakuba ukukhathazeka ngokukhwabanisa kwaholela ezidingweni eziqinile zokuthola izimpawu eminyakeni eyalandela.
  • Amazwe ase-Calt abizwa ngokuthi ama- anjenge-Sweden ne-Finland sekuyisikhathi eside evumela ukuvota kwalabo abavela kwamanye amazwe noma ezindaweni ezikude, ukukuhlanganisa ngaphandle komthungo emiphakathini yabo ethembekile.

Lokhu kutholwa kwembulunga yonke kwakungekona ukusabela nje ekuziphatheni; kwabonisa ukuqaphela okukhulayo ukuthi usizo lubalulekile empilweni yentando yeningi. amazwe anamazinga aphakeme okuvota ngeposi aye athola ukwanda okunganqamuki, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwemiphakathi edlulayo nasemaphandleni.

Imisebenzi Yesakhelo Engokomthetho Nempikiswano Yomthetho - sisekelo

Izimo ezingokomthetho zokuvota ngeposi ziye zahluka kakhulu. Kwamanye amazwe, kuqinisekisiwe ngokusemthethweni ngezimiso ezingokomthetho zelungelo lokuvota (umz., iNdiya ivumela ukuvota kwe-post kodwa ingasakazeki iposi ebhadeni), ukuguqula kwemithetho kuye kwayenza ukuba ikwazi. EUnited States, iMithetho - sisekelo inikeza igunya lokuqondisa ukhetho, eliholela emsebenzini wemithetho ehlukene. Amanye amazwe adinga izaba (umz., ukuphuma edolobheni ngosuku lokhetho), kuyilapho amanye evumela ukuphuma ngaphandle kwe-ase-cocespeaev. [FLT: 0] Lezimpi ezingokomthetho ziye zakhula eminyakeni yamuva,[FOLD:1] ezinkantolo ezikanokuhlela ukuvota okunga ngokuvota. Izimiso zezizwe zomhlaba zivumela ukuvota kwezizwe ngezizwe ngezizwe, noma kunjalo, iSivume iSivumelwano sezizwe ngemithetho nezindlela zokukhipha izivumelwano zezombangazwe.

Intuthuko Yobuchwepheshe Nokusakaza Iposi

Ukuhlelwa kwemitapo yomphakathi kuye kwayiguqula kakhulu inqubo yokuvota iposi. Nakuba ukuthutha ngokoqobo ama-collet ephepha kusalokhu kuphakathi, ubuchwepheshe manje busiza abavoti ukuba bacele amabhola, ukuthungatha, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokuwathumela ngogesi. Lemiklamo yeposi yenza ukuvota kweposi kwaphumelela kakhulu futhi kwaba umngane womsebenzisi [[ kodwa futhi iye yasungula ukulondeka okusha nezinselele.

Inqubo yohlelo lokusebenza olugunyaziwe

Mhlawumbe ushintsho olubaluleke kakhulu luye lwaba ikhono lokufaka i-opera yeposi kuyi-intanethi. Ezifundazweni eziningi zase-U.S. nasemazweni amaningi anjenge-Canada, i-Estonia, ne-New Zealand, abavoti bangagcwalisa ifomu elilula le-inthanethi ukuze bathole i-collator ngeposi. Lokhu kunciphisa imithwalo yokuqondisa emahhovisi okhetho futhi kuvumele abavoti ukuba bagweme izakhiwo zeposi. Izimiso zokulandelela ama-oday'indlela [[[FLT: 1] futhi kuye kwadingeka ukuba banikeze izilinganiso zempi, bavumele uhambo lwabo lwebhola lokwenza i-operathi luthathwe ezindaweni zokuvota, ngokufanayo ukuze bamukele iphake. Isibonelo, i-US. . . . .[FFFFFoct.]

Ukubuya Kwebhola Lomshini: Imingcele

Icebo lezobuchwepheshe eliphikiswana kakhulu ukubuyisela ama-collet aqediwe nge-electron .via email, i-portal, noma ngisho ne-appal. I-Estonia ingumholi wezwe kulendawo, eye yasungula uvota nge-intanethi (i-ivolution) kusukela ngo 2005, lapho abavoti bengaphonsa khona amabhola angaphakathi kunoma yisiphi isisetshenziswa se-Internet esixhumanayo. Nakuba lokhu kungelona i-posi ebhaceliwe, imele ukubuya kwemibuzo engathi sína ye-colocation ebhall. Amanye amazwe, njenge-Australia ne-Switzerland, avumele ukubuyiselwa kwe-electives (umz. g.), i-octivesssss productives (e.S. g. g.'ssssssss proception i-secut produception i-motion. [FLctivess]

Izinyathelo Zokuphepha Enkathini Yezinombolo

Ngokwethembela okwandayo kwezobuchwepheshe, ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kokuvota ngeposi kuye kwaba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Izikhulu zokhetho zisebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene ukuze zivimbele ukukhwabanisa namaphutha:

  • Ubufakazi: Ubufakazi be-Saint buhlala buyindlela evame kakhulu. Uma ibhola lokhetho lifika, isisebenzi sokhetho siqhathanisa isignesha emvilophini yokubuya nesokubhalisela komvoti. Izifunda eziningi zisebenzisa i-software e-octive-odat kwi-flag-diffaits, ilandelwa ukubukezwa komuntu.
  • Ukulandelela umkhondo we-barcode: Ibhola livame ukunikezwa amabhalobhu akhethekile avumela abavoti nezikhulu ukuba bawalandele ngeposi. Lokhu kunciphisa ingozi yokulahlekelwa futhi kusize ekuboneni izikhawu.
  • I-Chain yemithetho elandelwayo yelungelo lokuwinwa: igcinwa ezikhungweni ezilondekile, ngokuvamile ngaphansi kokuqashelwa kwevidiyo, futhi ithuthwe izisebenzi ezigunyaziwe noma izithunywa ezinemibhalo eqinile.
  • Ama-Audits nokubuyisana: Ngemva kokhetho, izikhulu zihlola ukuqinisekiswa ukuthi inani lamabhola athunyelwe lilingana nenani elimukelwe futhi libalwe. Ama-pager alinganiselayo, lapho izibalo zama-ballot zibalwa ngesandla, zithola inzuzo njengomkhuba ongcono kakhulu.

Amazwe anjenge-Sweden ne-Finland, anamazinga aphansi kakhulu okukhwabanisa, ancike ekuthembekeni komphakathi nasezindleleni ezibonisayo. Akukho simiso esilondeke ngokuphelele, kodwa ubufakazi bubonisa ukuthi ingozi yokukhwabanisa kwesilinganiso esikhulu ekuvoteni iphansi kakhulu. Ukuhlaziya okubanzi kwe-Brennan Center yeJaji kwathola ukuthi izinga lokukhohlisa kwevota e-U.S., phakathi kwazo zonke izindlela, liphakathi kuka-0,000% no-0.099%.

Izinkinga Ezizungeze Iposi

Naphezu kwempumelelo engokomlando nokuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe, ukuvota ngeposi kusengezici eziphikisana kakhulu kokhetho lwanamuhla. Lenkulumo ngokuvamile ibonisa ukuhlanganisa okukhulu kwezombangazwe, kodwa futhi kukhona izindaba ezingokoqobo.

Ukukhwabanisa Ngezindwangu: Ukukhohlisa.

Impikiswano engapheli ukuthi ukuvota ngeposi kulula kakhulu ukuphambana. Abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi ukuntula ukukhomba i-copyrder kuvumela ukuvunwa kwebhola (lapho amaqembu esithathu eqoqa futhi ahambisa khona ibhola), ukusayina okunenkohliso, noma ukuvota kwabantu abangakholeki. , ukuhlola okuningi nokuhlola ukukhomba amanani okubhaliwe akutholangabo bonke ubufakazi bokukhohlisa. Inqolobane yeLiface, inqona ethatha intela yokukhohlisa ekhomba amakhakhakha, ibika kuphela izinkolelo ezimbalwa ezihlobene nokuvota okunga iposi cishe nabantu abazama ukuvota amagama amanga noma iposi ezindaweni eziningi. Kuwo wonke ama-U. U.U.U.Uhlu lwamavota, naphezu kokusetshenziswa kwe-posi okungakazeki (izigidi ezingu-65), izibalo zemali ezikhotholwe eduze kwezelelwa izikhulu zezelelwa izicelo zomphakathi ezikhokhe ezikhokhe ezikhokhelo ezikhokhelo ezikhokheyo eziphambili, kufaka inselele izicelo zezeze

Izinselele Zokuvumelana Nemibono Nezokuphatha

Eposini ukuvota kudinga okukhulu ezisekelweni zokhetho. kumele kunyatheliswe, kuthunyelwe, kubuyiselwe, futhi kuhluzwe (okuphelele ngaphakathi kwe-wirensi. izinselele eziningana zivele:

  • Izikhawu zeposi: Emazweni anezinkonzo zeposi ezingathembekile, amabhola angafika sekwephuzile noma angafiki nhlobo. Phakathi ne-U.S. 2020 primerivary, imibiko yokubambezeleka kweposi eNew York kanye nakwezinye izindawo iholele izinkulungwane zamabhola afika ngemva kosuku olumisiwe, asusa abavoti. I-United States Postal Service (USPS) ingaba yibhodlela, ikakhulukazi izimali ezisekelayo noma phakathi nezinkathi zomthamo ophezulu.
  • Ukwenqaba kobubhalthi: Amaphesenti abalulekile ama-posi afakwe ebhulohweni enqatshwa ngezizathu zobuchwepheshe: ukulahlekelwa isikhathi esimisiwe, izigqhibo ezihambelanayo, noma izimvilophu zomshoshaphansi ezilahlekile. Kukhetho oluvamile lwa 2020 U.S., cishe iphesenti elilodwa lamabhola eposi lalahlwa, elimele amakhulu ezinkulungwane zabavoti. Ukuncishwa kwenani lokwenqatshelwa kwentsha nenani labavoti abambalwa.
  • Imithombo: Ukuhlelwa kwezinhlelo zeposi kusebenza. Amahhovisi okhetho kumelwe aqashe futhi aqeqeshe izisebenzi zesikhashana ukuze zivule amamvilophu, ziqinisekise izignografi, kanye nezikhombisi. Ukufika kwamuva kwamabhola kungabambezela imiphumela yokugcina, njengoba kuboniswa ku-2020.S. ukhetho lomongameli uma amazwe amaningana ethatha izinsuku ukubala. “lokhu kulinganiselwa” kuye kwaholela ekuqondiseni nomanziswa ngokushesha, kodwa kuwumphumela ongokwemvelo wezinyathelo zobunganiso ezingeziwe.

Ukulingana nokufinyelela: Inkemba evulelwe kabili

Ukuvota kungathuthukisa ukungenela kwamaqembu amaningi eposi (‘ asebekhulile, abakhubazekile, abahlala emaphandleni, nalawo anezimiso eziqinile zomsebenzi. Nokho, kungadala futhi izithiyo. Abavoti abangenalo ikheli eliqinile lokuthumela, labo abangenamakhaya, noma labo abahlala ezindaweni zasemaphandleni ngenkonzo yeposi esendaweni esendaweni esendaweni engabonakali[]] bangathola iposi engasebenzi. Izithiyo zolimi neziqondiso eziyinkimbinkimbi zingavimbela futhi izikhulumi ezingezona ezezingakhokhwa-ota-msccopt. Ukukhuluma ngalokhu, izifunda kumelwe zinikeze izindlela eziningi zokuvota (en-empela uvota, ukubhalisa okufana nokwelulo, njalo, njl.). Umgomo kufanele uthombe owelayo, oweneze isimiso “osikwesobunxele se-voti.” amazwe ase-Canada ahlela i-ekhodi engcono kakhulu ngokuveza iziqondiso ze-mivholi e-mivtivelruage.

Ikusasa lokusakaza iposi: Imidanti nezihlongozo ezintsha

Uma ubheka phambili, ukuvota ngeposi kungavela noma kunyamalale. Umqedazwe we-COVOVID-19 washesha ukutholwa kwabantwana abasha emazweni amaningi, futhi ezinye zalezo zinguquko ziyohlala njalo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ubuchwepheshe obuvelayo kanye nezimiso ezishintshayo ziyohlela ikusasa layo.

Ukusetshenziswa okuvamile kwePost-Pandemic

Phakathi nobhadane lwama-2020, amazwe amaningi anweba ukuvota iposi e-covers njengesilinganiso sempilo yomphakathi. Abavoti abazama ukuvota ngeposi okokuqala bakuthola kungcono, futhi ama-gundane amaningi abona ukwanda okuhlala njalo. Isihluthulelo siwukuthi isakhiwo esakhiwe ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwephuthuma esiphuthumayo siyolondolozwa futhi sithuthukiswe. Izikhulu eziningi zokuvota iposi (etholakala ezindaweni zaphesheya) zabona ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kweposi, futhi eUnited States, izifunda ezimbalwa zihlanganisa iMassachusetts kanye neNew Jersey, zenza ukwanda komdlandla. Isihluthulelo siwukuthi isakhiwo esikhona ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwesimo esiphuthumayo sigcinwe futhi sithuthukisiwe. Izikhulu eziningi ziphikisa ngokuthi manje zinesimiso esivundayo seposi esiqinile, akudingekile.

Ukukhetha ukushaya ucingo lokuxhumana kanye nokubuyela emuva

Nakuba i-Internet ihlala iphikisana kakhulu ngezizathu zokuphepha, eminye imikhakha ihlola izindlela ezixubile. [[FLT: 0] Izimiso zokuhambisa ibhola elixubile ivumela abavoti ukuba balayishe futhi banyathelise i-collet yabo ekhaya, bese beyibuyisela ngeposi noma ngasese. Lokhu sekuvamile kakade kubantu abathatha amazwe aphesheya (umzk., ngokudlula ku-U.S.ibutho lezempi no-Overseasteament Act).

  • Abashayeli be-vota ababolekisayo: ngokwesibonelo, i-West Virginia ne-Utah baye bahlola i-app yabavoti baphesheya nakwezempi abavumela ukuba baphawule futhi babuyise amavoti nge-mfono-mfono-mfono-mfono-mfono. Lezinhlelo zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuvimbela ukuvota, kodwa ochwepheshe bezokuphepha basalokhu bengabaza.
  • [[FLT: 0] Izimpawu zebhola elibhabhayo: izitayela ezinezici ezikhubaza amehlo noma izimo zokukhipha amehlo zingasebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusiza ngemishini ekhaya (umz., abafundi besikrini) ukuphawula ibhola elibhaliwe, elibe selithunyelwa. Lokhu kunikeza ithemba lendlela yokuvala imibala.
  • ubuye ubuye u-kiosk: Eminye imikhakha icabangela ibhola lolahlelo lokulahla amabhokisi noma ama-kiosk alondekile ahlola futhi afake ama-collet amaphepha ngokushesha, ahlanganisa ukulondeka kwephepha nejubane lokudluliswa kwemisebe.

I-U.U.U.Ukhetho Active Commission iye yanyathelisa iziqondiso ngezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokubuyisela i-collet yomshini, igcizelela ukuthi noma isiphi isimiso sogesi kumelwe sinikeze indlela yephepha yokuhlola.

Ukubambisana Kwembulunga Yonke Nokuzwana

Njengoba izakhamuzi ziba ezihamba kakhulu, isidingo sokukhetha okunqamule imingcele yokuvota siyakhula. Izinhlangano zomhlaba wonke, kuhlanganise iZizwe Ezihlangene ne - International Institute for Democracy ne-Electoral helpation ziye zabiza izinqubo zokuhlanganisa amanani ezakhamuzi ze-EUSPOra. Ikusasa lingabona amazwe amaningi ahlanganyela ekuqapheleni izindinganiso zokuvota ezikude. Ngokwesibonelo, i-African Union iye yahlola ukuvota okuvumelanayo ukuze ivotelwe ngaphandle kwezifundazwe zayo. Ngokufanayo, i-eunion Union ye-volution ifeza inhloso elula izakhamuzi ze-EURC ukuze zivote evote ezindaweni zokhetho zesizwe lapho zihlala kwelinye ilungu lombuso. Ukubambisana okunjalo kunganciphisa izinqubo zokuvota nokuthembana.

Kuseza Izinselele

Izindlela ezifanayo ezenza ukuba ukuvota kube nezingozi ezitholakala kalula. Ukusongela ukuvota kwezezimali kuyizinto ezisekela izakhiwo zokukhetha kuyinto ekhulayo. Abadlali besizwe bangazama ukuphazamisa izimiso zokuhambisa i-collet, ukusungula izinhlelo zokuvota, noma ukusakaza ulwazi ngokuvota ngeposi ukuze kunciphe ithemba. Lokhu kunciphe izinhlelo zokuzisekela, ngaphandle kolayini, nokuhlola njalo. Enye inselele ukukhubazeka okukhulayo kwezindlela zokuvota. Kwamanye amazwe, ukuvota komfa kweposi kuye kwaba yindaba ekhuthayo, kanye neqembu elilodwa elikhuthazayo. [FLT:] Lokhu kungenza ukuqiniseka komphakathi wonke.[FT]

Ukulondolozwa Nezinzuzo Zendawo Ezungezile

Isici esivame ukukhangelwa sokuvota iposi ukuvota kwayo kwendawo ezungezile. Nakuba amabhola nemvilophu zephepha zinentengo yendawo ezungezile, kususa isidingo sezigidi zabantu ukuba zihambe ngemoto ukuze zihlole iziteshi zokuthutha igesi ekhipha igesi eshisayo. I-Convolved eqinile nezinhlelo zokubuyisela iposi zinganciphisa imiphumela yendawo ezungezile. Ezinye izifundazwe zihlolwa ngezincwadi ze-odiclympic izicelo neziqondiso, nakuba iphepha lihlala linendaba ekhona phakathi kwevoti ye-voti. Izimiso zesikhathi esizayo zinganikeza ukuvota i-zincwadi nokubuya okulondekile, ngengxenye yecarbon engaphandle.

Isiphetho: Ithuluzi Elilawula Intando Yeningi Nelisebenzisa Intando Yeningi

Umlando wokuvota kweposi wembula ukuguqulwa okuqhubekayo kokufakwa kweposi ezindaweni eziningi, okuqhutshwa yisidingo esinesidingo kanye nokusungulwa. Kusukela kumasosha eMpini Yombango kuya kubantu abasogwini baphesheya, kusukela kubalimi basemaphandleni kuya emadolobheni agcwele izifo eziwumshayabhuqe, iposi lomthetho liye labonakala livumelana nezimo. Ikusasa layo liyobonakala ngokushintshwa ekudlulisweni kweposi ngokusuka kusuka ekuthuthweni okuphelele, ekuhlanganisweni kwesimiso sokusebenza nokulandela imishini, ukuhlelwa kwendlela, kuyilapho i-democralitial , kuyilapho igcina iphepha njengerekhodi eliyisisekelo levoti. Akukhondlela ephelele, kodwa indlela enikezwa imvume engcono yokuhamba ngeposi, ehambisana nemvume yokuthola imvume yamuva, ukusekela ukukhetha izinhlelo ezingcono kakhulu.[FLC:] Umbono womhlaba wonke, kuyilapho inseka inselelekile, futhi inseleleka kalula kwezentengo yeze yezezombangazwe, futhi imvume engcono kakhulu ukuze ikwazi ukusekela ngokulinganayo, ukuze ibonakale ngokulinganayo yonke ngoko