Isisekelo Sokuhlanganyela Ngokwentando Yeningi

Ukuqamba kuyinqubo eyinhloko izakhamuzi ezisebenzisa ngayo ubukhosi embusweni wentando yeningi omelelayo. Le nqubo iguqula lokho ezikuthandayo zibe izinqumo ezihlanganyelweyo ngokuphathelene nokubusa, ukuqondisa kwesimiso, nobuholi. Nakuba isimiso esiyinhloko singaguquguquki, abameleli bakhetha futhi banqume ngezindlela zokuhlola i-collet . Izinqubo ezithile ziyahlukahluka ezigabeni zombuso. Ukuqonda la makhenika kubalulekile kunoma ubani ofuna ukuhlanganyela ngokunenjongo nangokulawula isimiso ngendlela eqinisekile.

Inqubo yokuvota ayisona isenzakalo esisodwa kodwa isenzakalo esilandelanayo: ukubhalisa, ukulungiselela, ukuvota, nokuvala i-oda. Isigaba ngasinye sinemithetho yaso, isikhathi, nezimfuneko. Ukujwayela lezi zinyathelo kunciphisa ukudideka, kuvimbela ukudideka, futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umuntu ofanelekayo angazwisa izwi lakhe.

Ukubhalisa Nokulungisa Igesi

Ngaphambi kokuba umuntu avote, kumelwe abhaliswe. Ukubhalisa kuyinqubo yokuphatha eqinisekisa ukufaneleka futhi ibeke umvoti eqenjini elingokomthetho lokulawula. Ebuthweni lentando yeningi, ukubhalisa kusingathwa yigunya elikhulu lokhetho. Elinjengebhodi lokhetho noma i-offary yezwe (i-offary) efuna umvoti ukuba anikeze ukwaziswa okuhlanganisa igama eliphelele elingokomthetho, ikheli lendawo, usuku lokuzalwa, kanye nobufakazi besizwe.

Izindawo ezifile zokubhalisa ziyahlukahluka kakhulu. Ezinye izifundazwe e-United States zivumela ukubhaliswa kosuku olufanayo, lapho abavoti bengabhalisa khona futhi bavote ngosuku olufanayo esiteshini sokuvota. Ezinye izifunda zidinga ukubhaliswa amasonto amaningi ngaphambi kokhetho. Izindawo eziningi manje zinikeza amatheku okubhalisa nge-ingosi ye-intanethi, okuye kwanda kakhulu ngokunciphisa amaphepha okubhalisa nokulungisa isikhathi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inqubo injani, abavoti kufanele baqinisekise ukubhalisa kwabo ngaphambi kokuvota, njengamaphutha emibhalweni efana namagama angenasihloko noma amakheli anganembile abangela ukulibala noma ukuvinjelwa kokuvota.

Uma sebebhalisile, abavoti bathola amaphakethe okwaziswa noma amavoti akhangisiwe achaza abazofunda, amahhovisi, namabhayisethi abazowathatha. Ukutadisha le mininingwane kusengaphambili kungenye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokuvota. Kuvumela abavoti ukuba bacwaninge izikhundla zabo, baqonde ulimi lwe-collet, futhi banqume ukuthi bangavota kanjani ngaphambi kokuba bangene ekamelweni.

Izinhlobo Zezimfuneko Zokubonakalisa

Izimfuneko zokuveza izimpawu zezici eziphikisana kakhulu zenqubo yokuvota. Imithetho ye-voter ID ikhona ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene emhlabeni wonke. Kwamanye amazwe, i-ID yezithombe zikahulumeni iphoqelelwe ukuphonsa i-colot. Ezinye izizwe zithatha ezinye izindlela zokuzichaza, njengezikweleti zezenzuzo, izimemo zebhanki, noma ukusayina izimemo ezivela kubavoti ababhalisweyo abangafaka isaziso salowomuntu.

Isizathu salemithetho sigxile ekuvimbeleni ukukhwabanisa kokuzenza inkohliso nokuqinisekisa ukuthi abavoti abafanelekayo kuphela abahlanganyelayo. Abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi izimfuneko ze-ID eziqinile zingathinta ngokungenakulinganiswa inani ledlanzana, imali ephansi, asebekhulile, futhi abafundi, abangase bantule izindlela eziqondile zokuzichaza. Abaqondisi-zincwadi kufanele bahlole izimfuneko eziqondile zobuzwe ngaphambi kosuku lokhetho futhi bathole izincwadi zokuzichaza ezidingekile uma bengazinazo kakade.

Abavoti ababhekene nobunzima bokuthola izimpawu, izikhulu eziningi zokhetho zinikeza izinhlelo ze-ID yamahhala noma izinkonzo ezihamba ngemoto eziletha i-ID ezindaweni zomphakathi. Amaqembu obufundisi angenamthetho anikeza usizo ekuqondiseni lezi zimfuneko, ngokuvamile ngemishini eshisayo kanye nokusekela ezindaweni zokuhlola.

Uhambo Oluhamba Ngezindlela Eziningi

Ukuqonda okwenzekayo kusukela ngesikhathi umvoti efika esiteshini sokuvota ngesikhathi bebala isibalo sabo sokhetho kungasusa ukukhathazeka futhi kwandise ukwethemba esimisweni. Lenqubo iklanywe ngezingqimba eziningana zamasheke nezilinganiso ukuze kuvikelwe ukufihla ivoti nobuqotho bezibalo.

Ngaphambi Kosuku Lokukhetha

Amalungiselelo aqala ngaphambi kokuba umvoti aphume ekhaya. Amavoter kufanele aqinisekise indawo yawo yokuvota emisiwe, engase ishintshe ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwezindawo noma indawo. Izifunda eziningi zinikeza amathuluzi e-inthanethi lapho abavoti bengangena khona ekhelini labo futhi bathole indawo yabo yokuvota eqondile, indawo yokuvota, i-ogate, namahora okusebenza. Ukwazi lemininingwane kuvimbela ukuthatha uhambo oluchithwa futhi kunciphise amathuba okuphambuka.

Abavoti kufanele bahlole futhi ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zokuzichaza ezidingekayo futhi balethe kanye nanoma yiziphi izincwadi ezifanele, njengekhadi lokuvota uma kukhishwa elinye. Uma umvoti ehlela ukusebenzisa ukuvota kwasekuqaleni noma ukuvota okungekho, kudingeka baqonde izikhathi ezimisiwe zokucela nokubuyisela. Ama-posi, ikakhulukazi, ngokuvamile, anezimfuneko eziqinile zokusayinwa kobuqiniso futhi kumelwe athunyelwe noma atholanwe ngezinsuku ezithile zokubala.

Esiteshini Esingcolisayo

Ngosuku lokhetho, isiteshi sokuvota sisebenza ngaphansi kwezinqubo ezihleliwe eziklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuhleleka, ukungafihli, nokulondeka. Lapho sifika, umvoti uhlola izisebenzi zokhetho, eziqinisekisa ukuthi ungubani umavoti ngokumelene nemiqulu yokubhalisa. Kwezinye izifunda, lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuqhathanisa lapho umvoti esayina incwadi yelogi kanye nezikhulu zokhetho ziqhathanisa leso signomende nesokusibhalisile. Ezinye izindawo zisebenzisa izincwadi zokuvota zemishini ezihlolayo ezihlola imvume yokubhalisa noma ibhabhu le-bhagi yekhadi lobhaliso.

Ngemva kokuhlola, umvoti uthola i-colot. Amabhola eza ngamafomethi amaningana: amabhola amaphepha aphawulwe ngesandla, amabhola amaphepha agcwaliswe ngokusebenzisa umshini, noma imishini ekhomba ngokuqondile (DRE) lapho amavota efakwa khona ngokuqondile kwi-computer exhunyiwe. Ukuthambekela emhlabeni wonke kusemaphepheni amaphepha noma ezimisweni zephepha, ngoba anikeza umbhalo ongokoqobo ongabalingwa ngaphandle kwemishini ye-electal.

Khona - ke umvoti uqhubekela ekamelweni lokuvota langasese. Ukufihla ibhola lovota kuyilungelo eliyisisekelo edemokrasi eningi, kuvikela abavoti ekuphoqelelweni noma ekuphindiseleni. Abavoti baphawula ukukhetha kwabo ngokweziyalezo ezinikeziwe − ukugcwalisa amagwebu, ukuhlanganisa imicibisholo, noma izinkinobho ezicindezelayo kuye ngesimiso. Uma umvoti enza iphutha, bangacela ibhola elisha kumsizi wokhetho. I-Spolisa ibhola liqoqiwe futhi libekwe ngokwehlukana ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi akukho vhotiyo ebaliwe kabili noma elahlekile.

Lapho isivoti sesiqediwe, umvoti usifaka ebhokisini lokuvota elivalwe noma awufake emshinini wokuhlola izibuko obhala amavoti ngemishini kuyilapho ugcina i-collet yephepha njengesisekelo. Ezimisweni ze-DRE ngaphandle kwemizila yephepha, amavoti agcinwa ngokuphelele enqolobaneni yemishini, nakuba lezi zimiso zingavamile ngenxa yezinkinga zokuphepha.

Ngemva Kokuba Nemisindo

Abavoti abaningi bayazibuza ukuthi kwenzekani phakathi kokufaka amavoti abo kanye nesaziso semiphumela. Ngemva kokuqeda ukuhlola, izikhulu zokhetho zilandela uchungechunge oluqinile lwelungelo lokuhlala nabantwana ukuze zivikele amavoloti nemiphumela ye-tabulate. Amabhokisi ebhola ayavalwa futhi athunyelwe endaweni ephakathi ekubaleni. Kwezinye izindawo, ama-collet jptal .alabo abaphonswe abavoti abangenakuqinisekiswa ngokushesha.

Ukufakwa kwegebe kungayenzeka endaweni ephakathi noma ephakathi nendawo. Amaphaphaphu ahlolwa futhi ahlolwa, kuyilapho imishini ye-electronic iveza imiphumela. Lengqikithi iqhathaniswa nenani labavoti abahlola ukuvota, inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi ukubuyisana. Noma ikuphi ukuphambanisa okubangela uphengululo, futhi uma kudingekile, imibiko. Imiphumela ifakazelwa kahle izinsuku noma amasonto ngemva kokhetho, ngemva kokuba zonke izinombolo ze-electal zibukelwe, amabhola amasosha aphesheya kwezwe atholakele, futhi izinselele ziye zaxazululwa.

Ukuchazwa Kwezimiso Zokusakaza

Isimiso sokuvota esisetshenziswa okhethweni sinquma indlela amavoti ahunyushelwa ngayo ezihlalweni noma anqume umnqobi wohlanga. Izimiso ezihlukene ziveza imiphumela ehlukene ngisho nalapho abavoti bekhetha okuthandayo okufanayo, okuyisizathu esenza ukuba ukukhetha isimiso kube indaba yempikiswano eshubile nokuklanywa ngokucophelela.

Isiqalo-isixhumi seposi

Kuqala-phambili kwe-fPTP, phakathi kwamanye amazwe, eyaziwa nangokuthi ubuningi bovota, iyisimiso esilula kakhulu. Umvoti othola amavoti amaningi uphumelele, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uthola iningi yini. Lesi simiso sisetshenziswa eUnited States, eUnited Kingdom, eCanada, naseNdiya, phakathi kwamanye amazwe. FPP ithambekele ekukhiqizeni isigaba esisodwa kodwa ingashiya isilinganiso esikhulu sabavoti ngaphandle kokumelela uma isisulu sabo esithandwayo singawini. Abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi sikhuthaza ukuvota kwelungu elivamile (ukuthi lapho uvota) lapho ukhetha khona umbheki we-covota owehlayo ngenxa yokuthi bacabangela ukukhetha kwabo kokuqala okungabangeke bawine lapho iqembu liwina khona ngaphandle kokuwina izihlalo eziningi.

Ukumelelwa KwaleliGama

Izimiso ze-Prpoigamel (PR) zihlose ukwabela izihlalo esihlalweni esimilweni somthetho ngokulingana namavoti atholwa yilungu ngalinye. Esimisweni se-PR esimsulwa, uma iqembu liwina amaphesenti angu-30 evoti, lamukela amaphesenti angaba ngu-30 ezihlalo. I-PR ivame kakhulu ezindaweni eziningi ze-democraticism, kuhlanganise ne-Jalimane, ne-Netherlands. Abaxhasi baphikisa ukuthi i-PR iveza iziphakamiso ezibonisa ngokunembile ukuthi i-PR i-provotate futhi inikeza amaqembu amancane izwi. Abagxeki baphawula ukuthi i-PR ingaholela kuhulumeni abahlangene abaguquguqukayo abangazinzi noma abathatha isinyathelo. Indlela evamile ye-PR iyinhlangano yeqembu loluhlu, lapho abavotela iqembu elikhetha iqembu elilandelanayo, futhi izihlalo ezihlalweni ezihlanganiswe ezinlwini ezihlelwe ezinlwini ezinlwini ezihlukene.

Ilayisishi elishiwe-Choice

Uvota okungathathwa futhi okubizwa ngokuthi i-RCV, okubizwa nangokuthi i-runoff vovota ngokuphazima kweso. Uma kungekho mvoti othola amavoti okuqala athandwayo, umvoti othathelwe phambili amavoti ambalwa kakhulu uqediwe, futhi lawo mavoti adluliselwa ku-RCV alandela abavoti abalandelayo abavoti abalandelayo. Le nqubo iphinda futhi ifike emnyango omkhulu. RCV isetshenziswa kukhetho lwesizwe e-Australia nasezindaweni eziningi ze-U.S. amadolobha namadolobha kanye ne-Maine ne-Alaska. Abaxhasi bathi i-RCV isusa umphumela wempatho, inciphisa umkhankaso owenawo, futhi iqinisekisa ukuthi umnqobi usekela kakhulu.

Izimiso Zokuxutshwa Kwemisebe

Izimiso ezixubene zihlanganisa izici ze-FPTP ne-PR ukuze zithathe izinzuzo zazo zombili. Kuhlelo oluxubeneyo lwe-MMP, abavoti bafaka amabhola amabili: elinye lommeleli wesigodi (ngokuvamile i-FPTPP) kanye nelinye lohlu lweqembu. Ama-selt anikezwa abawini besifunda kuqala, khona - ke izihlalo ezengeziwe zabelwa ezinhlalweni zeqembu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isakhiwo sonke sendlu yomthetho sibonakalisa isabelo sovota sesizwe. I-MMP isetshenziswa eJalimane, eNew Zealand, nase Scotland. Izimiso ezixubishiwe zingayinkimbinkimbi ukunikeza inani elilinganiselwe phakathi kwabaphumeleleyo kanye nemiphumela yendawo.

Ukuqapha Namalungelo

Ilungelo lokuvota alilona elomhlaba wonke.

Ubani Ongakha Ikhono Lokudla?

Izimfuneko ezivame kakhulu zokungaguquguquki yiminyaka, ubuhlanga, kanye nendawo yokuhlala. Cishe cishe wonke amazwe amisa iminyaka elinganiselwe yokuvota eneminyaka engu-18, nakuba embalwa, njenge-Brazil ne-Austria, ivumela ukuvota ngo-16 okhethweni oluthile. Izakhamuzi zezwe kuphela ezingavota okhethweni lwalo, nakuba eminye imibuso ivumela izakhamuzi ezingakhokhi ukuba zivote kukhetho lwendawo noma lwendawo. Izimfuneko ezisemthethweni ziqinisekisa ukuthi abavoti bafaka amabhola ezindaweni ezihlala kuzo futhi bathinteke yimiphumela. Amanye amazwe abeka imingcele eyengeziwe enqabela abantu abalahlwayo ngenxa yomthetho othile wokuvota, ngokwesibonelo, noma ifuna ukuba abavoti babhaliswe kukhethwe enkathi ethile ngaphambi kokuvota.

Abavoti abathutha izindawo zokuhlala eduze nokhetho bangase babhekane nobunzima. Imithetho elawulayo, evumela abavoti ukuba bavuselele ukubhaliswa kwabo futhi bavote endaweni yabo entsha ngosuku lokhetho, iyahluka ngokwemithetho. Abafundi baseKoliji, izisebenzi zezempi, nabantu abasebenza kwamanye amazwe babhekene nezinselele ezithile futhi kufanele bahlele kusengaphambili ukusebenzisa imithombo enikezwa iziphathimandla zokhetho.

Amalungelo Nezivikelo Zokuvolota

Izakhamuzi zinelungelo lokuvota zikhululekile ekusabeni, ekuphoqeleleni, noma ekuphazamiseni. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ilungelo lokuphonsa ibhola ngaphandle kokuhlukunyezwa abakhankasi eduze neziteshi zokuvota ezingadumile, nelungelo lokuvota ngokungaziwa, nelungelo lokuthola usizo uma kudingeka. Abavota banelungelo lokucela i-pareser uma ukuvuleka kwabo kuphenywa ezindaweni zokuvota. Ababheki abakhokhi ababali ngobusuku bokukhetha kodwa bayabukezwa futhi baphindiwe noma benqatshwe ngemva kokuba izikhulu ziqinisekise ukwaziswa komvoti.

Amazwe amaningi anemithetho enqabela ukwesatshiswa kwabavoti nokunikezwa usizo olungokomthetho kubavoti ababhekana nakho. Abasebenzi be-Hotline abasebenza ngezinhlangano zokhuselo lokhetho banikeza usizo lwangempela lwesikhathi. Abavongi ababhekana nezinkinga ekuhlolweni kwezincwadi [1] njengokuphendulwa ngokungeyikho, ukucelwa ukuba baqashelwe okungadingeki, noma ukuhlukunyezwa. / Ukuba bacele ukukhuluma nomphathi, babize umvoti ukuba avikele, noma bathintane nezikhulu zendawo zokuvota.

_Ukutholakala

Izikhulu ze-Democracism zinomsebenzi wokuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuvota kuyafinyeleleka kuzo zonke izakhamuzi ezifanelekayo, kuhlanganise nalezo ezikhubazekile, ezinemingcele yolimi, noma ezinye izidingo. Iziphathimandla zokhetho zidingeka ngomthetho emazweni amaningi ukuba zinikeze izindawo zokuhlala ezifanele: iziteshi zokuhlola zabakhubazekile, iziteshi zesihlalo sabakhubazekile noma izinsiza zokuvota ngokunganaki kwabavota abakhubazekile, abatoliki bolimi lwezandla, kanye nezinto zokuvota ngezilimi eziningi.

Abavoti abakhubazekile kufanele bathintane nehhovisi labo lokhetho lendawo ngaphambi kosuku lokhetho ukuze baqonde izindawo zokuhlala ezikhona futhi bacele noma yiluphi usizo oludingekayo. Ukuvota, lapho umvoti ehlala emotweni yabo futhi isisebenzi sokhetho siletha kubo ibhola lokuvota, kuyindlela ezindaweni eziningi. Amalungu omkhaya noma abanakekeli banganikeza usizo futhi banikeze imithetho evimbela ithonya elingafanele. Umgomo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umvoti ofanelekayo angaphonsa ibhola lomsebenzi ngaphandle komdlali noma ngasese, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unekhono lomzimba noma lokuzindla.

Izindlela Ezikhethekile Zokusakaza Imali

Isiko lokuvota ngosuku olulodwa alisebenzi kubo bonke. Idemokrasi eningi iye yandisa izindlela zokuvota ukuze ikwazi ukuhlalisa abantu abakude nasekhaya, abasebenza amahora amaningi, abagulayo noma abakhubazekile, noma abakhetha nje ukuvota ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma ekhaya.

Ukusaswa Kwamanzi Kusencane

Ukuvota kwakuqala kuvumela abavoti ukuba bafake amavoti abo ezindaweni ezimisiwe ngaphambi kosuku lokhetho. Inkathi yokuvota yakuqala isukela koyedwa ukuya emasontweni ambalwa ngaphambi kokhetho. Lokhu kunciphisa ukucindezela kweziteshi zokuvota ngosuku lokhetho, imisele encishisiwe, futhi yenza abavoti bavumelane nezimo. Ukuvota kwakuqala kusetshenziswa kabanzi eUnited States, kanye nezinye izifunda zikahulumeni zibika ukuthi ingxenye yabo bonke abavoti ifakwa ngaphambi kosuku lokhetho. Amavoti akuqala ngokuvamile abalwa eceleni kokhetho, nakuba imiphumela ingakhishwa kuze kube yilapho sekusondele ukuvota ukuze kugwenywe ukuthonya abantu abasanda kuvota.

Ukuthunyelwa Kweposi Nokuthunyelwa Kweposi

Uvota lwe-bobree luvumela abavoti abangakwazi ukuvota abakwazi ukuvota kulezindawo zokuhlola, ngoba abaphumi ezweni, kwezempi, esibhedlela, noma ngandlela-thile abangakwazi ukucela i-colot ngeposi, bayiqede nge-posi, futhi bayibuyise ngeposi, noma ngeposi noma ngebhokisi lokulahla. Amanye ama-oventimenti aye ashintshela ekuvoteni kweposi yonke, lapho bonke abavoti ababhali bethola khona iposi ngesizathu. Lendlela yasetshenziswa kakhulu phakathi nobhadane lwe-COVOVAID, i-19 futhi iyaqhubeka ezifundazweni ezinjenge-Coloradoodow, i-Oregon, neWashington.

Ukuvota kudinga ukunaka ngokucophelela eziyalweni. Amabhola kumelwe asayiniswe, ngokuvamile ngobufakazi noma ngemfuneko yokubhalisa, futhi abuyi ngenkathi eqinile. Ubufakazi besignicinyo busetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ungubani umvoti; uma isignesha ingafanelani nelo elisefayilini, umvoti utholakala futhi uvunyelwe ukuba "kuqinise" okungahambelani ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi i-colot ayikho. Amavoter kufanele alandele i-bolot yawo efakwe emshinini elilungiselelwe iziphathimandla zokhetho ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi i-octal yamukelwe futhi yamukelwa.

Ukusebenzisa Imishini Ekude Neyi - Internet

Nakuba kutholakala ukuvota kuyi-Intanethi ezindaweni ezimbalwa , e-Estonia eyaziwa kakhulu, lapho izakhamuzi ziye zakwazi khona ukuvota nge-inthanethi kusukela ngo 2005 ."ayivamile ngenxa yezinselele eziphawulekayo zokuphepha nokuzifihla. Ukuvota okusekelwe kuyi-Internet kungenisa izingozi zokugawula, ukuvota, ukuvota, nokuphika ukuhlasela okunzima ukukunciphisa izinga. Ochwepheshe abaningi bokhetho batusa ukuvota okwandile manje futhi esikhundleni sokukhuthaza ukutshala imali ngokuphepha, izimiso zephepha ezibalingwayo. Abavoteshi abanesithakazelo ekuthuthukiseni izinhlelo ze-intanethi yokuvota kufanele baqaphele izingxoxo zezeluleko kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula i-injini yokuvota, kodwa akumelwe balindele ukuba kube yindlela yokukhetha ejwayelekile esikhathini esizayo.

Ukuqinisekisa Ubuqotho Bokukhetha

Ilunga lokhetho lixhomeke ekuboneni, ekuhloleni, nasekuthembeni umphakathi.

Ukulondeka Kwebhola Nokukhokha Ijele

Kusukela lapho izimvume zinyatheliswa kuze kube lapho zibalwa khona, zigcinwa phakathi kwenhlanganisela yelungelo lokuhlala nabantwana egcinwe izikhulu zokhetho. Amabhola agcinwa ezitsheni ezivalwe, athuthwa ehlolwa, futhi abalwe phambi kwabameleli abavela emaqenjini ezombangazwe nakubebukele. Noma isiphi igebe eliseqeni lokuwinwa kwejele − njengebhokisi elingafakwanga uphawu noma ukuthunyelwa okungabhaliwe okungaqashelwanga ngamagama.

Ezikhundleni ezisebenzisa imishini yokuvota ye-electronic, isilinganiso sokhuseleko sihlanganisa ukuhluzeka kwangaphambi kokukhetha nokuhlola, ukufakwa kwezimpawu ezibonisa ukuguqula, kanye nokuhlola kwangemva kokhetho okuqhathanisa amanani emishini nemibhalo yephepha. Izimiso zokuvota ezigunyaziwe zihlolwa ngezindawo zokuvota ezizimele ngaphambi kokuba zivunyelwe ukusetshenziswa. Izikhulu zokhetho zigcina ama-log awo wonke ama-software nezinguquko zensimbi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isimiso asishintshwanga ngokulimaza.

Imikhankaso Namaphuzu

Ukuhlolwa kokhetho lweposi kwamuva kuqinisekisa ukuthi imiphumela ebikwayo ihambelana namavoti angempela akhahlisiwe. Ekuhloleni isilinganiso sengozi, isampula elibalulekile lamabhola libaliwe futhi liqhathaniswe nesilinganiso semishini. Uma kutholakala ukungavumelani. Ukwenaba, kuze kube yilapho izikhulu ziqiniseka kakhulu ngomphumela. Ukuncintisana ngengozi kubhekwa njengendinganiso yegolide yobuqotho bokukhetha futhi kwamukelwa kakhulu kulo lonke elase-United States nakwamanye amademocracy.

Imibiko iqanjwa ngokuzenzekelayo emijahweni esondelene noma ingacelwa umvoti noma iqembu labavoti abakhokha imali. Indatshana ihlanganisa i-collan ye-collet egcwele noma i-compan yama-collet futhi ingagumbuqela umphumela wakuqala uma kutholakala amaphutha. Nakuba kuqabukela ukulandisa kushintsha umphumela wokhetho, kunikeza i-ex - queeting yokunemba kwenqubo yokuhlukanisa futhi kuqinise ukwethemba komphakathi.

Indima Yababukeli Nezibukeli Bezinsalela

Ukuhlola ukuvotelwa kwezinhlelo kuyisici esibucayi sokubona. Izingqapheli zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe zihlola iziteshi zokuhlola, izikhungo zokubala, namahhovisi okukhetha ukuze zihlole ukuthi izinqubo zilandelwa yini futhi zinqande ukuziphatha okubi. Ababheki bePoll, abamelela amaqembu ama-potimende noma angokombangazwe, bavunyelwa kakhulu eziteshini zokuhlola futhi baphakamise izikhalo zezikhulu zokukhetha uma bebona ukungavumelani komthetho. Amaqembu azimele angekho kwezentengiselwano, njengeCarter Center noma iNhlangano yezokulondeka ne-Conection eYurophu (OSCE), athumela izimende ezihlola ukhetho emhlabeni wonke ukuba anikeze izinqumo zezimo zezimo.

Ababheki abaphazamisani nenqubo yokuvota; bayabuka, bayaqaphela, futhi bayabika. Ukuba khona kwabo kukodwa kukhuthaza ukuvumelana nemithetho yokhetho nezinqubo. Abavoluleki abanomuzwa wokuthi okuthile akulungile esiteshini sabo sokuhlola bangabika ukukhathazeka kwabo ezibukelini, izikhulu zokhetho, noma umvoti wesivikelo. Inhlanganisela yokuba khona kwengqapheli, imikhondo yokuhlola, nokulandisa okungokomthetho kudala isimiso esiqinile ukuze kugcinwe ubuqotho bedemokrasi.

Imibuzo Evamile Nemibono Engafanele

Ukungaqondi okuningi ngenqubo yokuvota kwandile futhi kungaqeda ukuthatha uhlangothi noma ukuqeda ukwethembana. Ngokwesibonelo, abanye abavoti bakholelwa ukuthi uma beweqa umjaho ebhanseni labo, wonke amabhola abo awenziwa ize. Lokhu akunaqiniso; ama-devotes [1] ama-pansis lapho umvoti engakhethi khona − kuphela kusho ukuthi akukho vhoti enziwa kulowomjaho othile, futhi enye i-ballot ihlelwe ngendlela evamile. Ngokufanayo, i-costatessssss engaphezulu kwenani elingcono kunemvume encintiswe emncintiswaneni kungenzeka ukuthi ibala ilulaza kuphela, hhayi wonke umjaho.

Enye inkolelo edidayo ukuthi imiphumela yokhetho ibhekwa njengegunya ngobusuku bokhetho. Eqinisweni, imishado yokhetho ithatha izinsuku noma amasonto angokomthetho, inikeza isikhathi sababa bapholile, amavoloti angekho, nokuphenywa kwezincwadi okungaqediwe. Umthofu obonakala umkhulu ngobusuku bokhetho ungancipha noma unyamalale lapho izibhede ezivelele zihlelwa.

Abavoter bakhathazeka futhi ngokuphepha kweposi elingaphakathi. Nakuba kungekho simiso esinengozi ngokuphelele, ukuvota ngeposi kunezinga eliphansi kakhulu lokukhwabanisa emabuthweni lapho kunikezwa khona izikhonzi. Ukuqinisekisa kweSimemezelo, ukuhlolwa kwemikhondo kweketanga, kanye nokuhlola ibharikhodi kunikeza izivikelo eziningi. Abavoter abakhetha ukuvota ngeposi kufanele balandele iziyalezo ngokunembile futhi babuyise izikhokhelo zabo ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi bayamukelwa ngenkathi emisiwe.

Ukuba umhlanganyeli ofundile enqubweni yentando yeningi akudingi ukuba ufunde yonke imininingwane yomthetho wokhetho. Kudinga ukuqonda okuyisisekelo ngezinyathelo ezihilelekile, amalungelo nemithwalo yemfanelo yabavoti, kanye nezindlela ezenza isimiso sithembeke. Ngokuqonda indlela ukuvota okusebenza ngayo, izakhamuzi zingasondela ngokhetho ngokuqiniseka futhi zifeze indima esebenzayo ekulolongeni ikusasa lemiphakathi namazwe azo.