Ukuqonda Ikholiji Le - Electoral Namandla Omculo Wakho

I-Electoral College iyinqubo yomthetho-mthetho i-United States eyisebenzisayo ukukhetha umongameli wayo nesekela likamongameli. Kunokuba ivoti ethandwayo ngokuqondile, lesi simiso sincike endikimbeni yabakhethi abafaka izinombolo ezingokomthetho ezinqumayo ezithola umnqobi. Kubantu abaningi abavotayo, le nqubo ingazizwa imfihlo, kodwa iqonda indlela i-Electoral College esebenza ngayo ukuze ibone ukuthi ukuvota kwakho kusiza kanjani emphumeleni wesizwe. Lesi sihloko sichaza isimiso ngokujula, sihlola izimpande zayo ezingokomlando, sihlola imiphumela yayo ewusizo ku-vocioccean nasemikhankasweni, futhi sibuke impikiswano eqhubekayo endaweni yayo ewumbuso wentando yeningi yanamuhla.

Indlela I - Electoral College Esebenza Ngayo

Ngezinga eliyisisekelo kakhulu, i-Electoral College iyiqembu labavoti abangu-558 abasakazwe phakathi kwezifundazwe ezingu-50 ne-Foold of Columbia. Isifunda ngasinye sithola inani labavoti abalingana nengqikithi yaso eMkhandlwini: ilungu ngalinye lendlu yabameleli, kanye nezimbili ezimelelwa abameleli bayo. I-Drigali laseColumbia ithola abavoti abathathu ngaphansi kweSiphekethi se-23, ngisho noma lingamelelimeleli ekuvotini kwe-Congress.

Lapho ufaka ivoti yakho kumongameli ngoNovember, awuvotela ngokuqondile. Kunalokho, uvota ileti labavoti abathembise ukusekela lowo mbhalisa. Laba bavoti bakhethwa amaqembu ezombangazwe phakathi nemihlangano kahulumeni noma amakomiti eqembu. Ezizweni eziningi, ovota ozuza ivoti ethandwayo ngoSuku Lokhetho bamukela yonke yamavoti alowo hulumeni. Lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi umvukeli-ma wesimiso sezwe. Amahlelo amabili kuphela, `Maine noNebraska] asebenzisa indlela yesilinganiso, athola umvoti oyedwa owini wesifunda ngasinye nenqwaba emibili evoti evoti esizwe esingundabeni.

Ngemva kokuba ukuvota okuthandwayo kugunyaziwe esilinganisweni sikahulumeni, abavoti bahlangana ezinhloko - dolobha zabo zezwe ngoLwesithathu lokuqala ngemva koLwesithathu lwesibili ngoDecember. Kuleyondawo, bafaka amavoti ahlukene kamongameli nesekela likamongameli. La mavoti agunyaziwe athunyelwa kumongameli weSigele − umongameli we-United States .[1] owengamele isimiso esihlangene soMkhandlu ekuqaleni kukaJanuwari. Ngalesosikhathi, kulinganiselwa amavoti avoti abalwayo, futhi ivoti ethatha amavoti angu-270 enzile imenyezelwa njengomnqongo wokhetho. Ukubala okusemthethweni kubekwa phambi komphathi weSigebe-mongameli we-co.

Nakuba abavoti abaningi bethembisa, "abavoti abangakholwa" ngezikhathi ezithile bavotela umnyundeli ohlukile. INkantolo ePhakamileyo iye yasekela ukuthi izifundazwe zingafuna abavoti ukuba balandele izifungo zabo, futhi izifundazwe eziningi zinemithetho yokugcizelela lokhu. Lenqubo ilawulwa yikho kokubili uMthetho-sisekelo no-Electoral Count Act ka-1887, nezinguquko zamuva kuyiElectoral Count Reformation Act ka-20222 ecacisa izinqubo zokubala.

Imvelaphi Yomthetho - sisekelo Nenjongo

I-Electoral College yasungulwa eMhlanganweni woMthetho-sisekelo ka - 1787 njengesivumelwano phakathi kwalabo ababefuna ukuba uMkhandlu ukhethe umongameli nalabo ababefuna ukuvota okuthandwa kakhulu. Abahleli babekhathazekile ngokunikeza isishayamthetho esisenkabeni yemithetho noma umvoti ongafundile amandla aphakeme. Babhekana futhi nezinselele ezisebenzayo: ukukhulumisana phakathi kwesizwe esisha esikhulu kwakuthatha kancane, futhi ukwethembeka kwesifunda kwakungasehlisa ubunye besizwe.

Isimiso sasiklanyelwe ukulinganisela ithonya lezifunda ezinkulu nezincane. Ngokuhlela abavoti abasekelwe eMfuleni ohlangene nakumeleni weSigele, amazwe amancane athola isabelo esinciphileyo sokubusa ngokuhlobene nenani labantu bawo. Lesi sakhiwo sasiyingxenye yesimiso esikhulu sokubeka imingcele futhi echaza ubugqila nophawu. Nakuba iMibuso emithathu yamaFati yokuhlehla yanikeza amazwe aseNingizimu izimpawu ezengeziwe endlu", futhi ngenxa yalokho amavoti angaphezulu amavoti agunyaziwe (* ngokubala abantu abagqilaziwe abathathu abangabantu, lelo lungiselelo lalethwa yi-Dintshiwe ye-14 ngemva kweMpi YaseMfuleni.

Namuhla, i - Electoral College isalokhu iyisici esigxilile sokhetho lukamongameli, olusalokhu luhlela amasu omkhankaso, ukuziphatha kwabavoti, nokuqonda ukuthi abavoti basemthethweni.

Umphumela We - Electoral College Emdlalweni Wakho

I-Electoral College ngokuyisisekelo ithonya ithonya elingakanani elithathwa yivoti yakho. Ngaphansi kwesimiso esithandwayo sokuvota, ivoti ngayinye ingabalwa ngokulinganayo engqikithini yesizwe. Nokho, ngaphansi kwesimiso samanje, ivoti yakho isebenzisa ithonya layo elikhulu kakhulu esilinganisweni sikahulumeni. Kulowo ophumelele-wonke, ukuvota kwakho kuyasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi imuphi umvoti othola konke kuleyo mvume kahulumeni. Uma uhlala esimweni esincikelwe ngokomthetho eqenjini elilodwa, ivoti yakho ingaba nethonya elilinganiselwe kakhulu emphumeleni wesizwe ngenxa yokuthi amavoti kahulumeni akhethwe ahlelwe ngokuphumelelayo. Ngokuhlukene, uma uhlala esimweni sokuvota.

Lokhu kushukumisa kuye kwaholela ekugcizelelweni kwezifundazwe ezisebenzisa umkhankaso, ukuhambela okufunwayo, nokukhishwa kwezincwadi. Izimemezelo ezisezifundeni zempi njengePennsylvania, Wisconsin, Michigan, Arizona, Georgia, ne Nevada zithola ukunakekela okukhulu emikhankasweni kunabavoti emazweni alondekile njengeCalifornia noma Texas. Lokhu kungadala ukucwasana kwezombangazwe nokusabela kwezimiso.

Kukhetho olubili lwesithupha lokugcina lukamongameli, [1] 2000 no-2016 ."owayezothola umvuthwandaba wovoti abathandwayo ezweni lonke balahlekelwa yivoti yase-Electoral College. Lomphumela uye wabangela ukuphikisana okukhulu ngomthetho nobulungisa besimiso. Kuvota abambalwa ezweni lonke abasekela umzuzi odumile wovoti, lesimiso singadumaza. Abavoti abazuzayo emphumeleni we-Electoral College, isimiso singabonakala sivikela ekucindezelweni kweningi futhi silondoloze ukulinganisela kwemithetho.

Izindaba zakho zokuvota zihluke kakhulu ngaphansi kwe-Electoral College. Kubaluleke kakhulu uma uyingxenye yenhlangano ezuza amavoti kahulumeni wakho, futhi kubaluleke kakhulu uma uhlala esimweni sokuncintisana. Ngisho nasezizweni eziphephile, ukuvota kungaguqula imijaho eyingozi nezimpawu zesivumelwano sezombangazwe, kodwa indlela eqondile eqondene sikhundla sobumongameli idlula phakathi kwezifunda ezihamba phambili.

Izimpikiswano Ze - Electoral College Eziya Kuqulwa Nazo

Izimpikiswano Ezivumelana Nezimo

Abasekeli be-Electoral College baphikisa ngokuthi ivikela izithakazelo zezifunda ezincane nezingenani. Ngaphandle kwazo, abafuni ukubhapathizwa bangagxila kuphela ezikhungweni ezinkulu zasedolobheni, bashaye indiva izindawo zasemaphandleni namazwe amancane. Isimiso sikhuthaza abazobhapathizwa ukuba bakhe imifelandawo ebanzi kunokuba bafake amavoti ezindaweni ezimbalwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abasekeli bathi iElectoral College inikeza ukuzinza ngokuqinisa isimiso esinengxenye ezimbili futhi ikwenze kube nzima kakhulu ngabafuni ukuwina. Umnyango ocacile wamavoti angu-270 usiza ekuvimbeleni ukuncintisana nokhetho olungavela ezimisweni eziningi.

Enye impikiswano iwukuthi i-Electoral College inethonya lokhetho oluseduze ngokuhlela izingxabano ezikhona ezindaweni ezithile. Izinselele zomthetho, uma zivela, zivalelwe ezindaweni ezimbalwa ezinemiphumela ephikisanayo, kunokuba zifune ukuba kubelwa izibalo zesizwe. Ukhetho lwango 2000 eFlorida luyisibonelo esivelele: impikiswano yayiqungelwe umbuso owodwa, futhi iNkantolo Ephakeme ekugcineni yaxazulula indaba. Ngaphansi kwesimiso somphakathi esithandwayo sokuvota, ukhetho oluseduze lungabangela ukulandisa kuyo yonke imibuso yomhlaba, kudala isiphithiphithiphithi se-msligi.

Izimpikiswano Ezimelene Nazo

Abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi iElectoral College iphula isimiso sobudemokrasi somuntu oyedwa, ivoti eyodwa. Isisindo sovoti ngayinye siyahlukahluka kakhulu phakathi kwezizwe. Ngokwesibonelo, umavoti eWyoming, onevoti ezintathu ezivotelwe abantu abangaba ngu-580 000, cishe ngokuphindwe kane amandla okhetho lomvoti waseCalifornia, onevoti ezingu-54 ezivotela abantu abangaba izigidi ezingu-39. Lokhu kulinganisela kusho ukuthi abavoti ezifundeni ezinabantu abambalwa kakhulu bangaba nethonya eliphindwe kane ngomphumela.

Abazuzisi futhi bakhomba ekuphumeleleni komnyundeli lapho elahlekelwa yivoti ethandwayo, abathi ilulaza ukufaneleka komnqobi futhi iqeda ukwethemba umphakathi esimisweni sokhetho. Ukunqoba okuhlanganyelwayo ezizweni eziningi kwenza ukuba abazobhapathizwa bangazinaki ngokuphepha izikhawu ezinkulu zezwe. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-2016, izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zazo zonke izenzakalo zomkhankaso kukhetho zenzeka ezifundazweni eziyisithupha nje. Lokhu kungashiya abavoti beboshelwe emazweni angahambisani nakakhulu ukudalelwa futhi cishe bangahlanganyeli.

Ekugcineni, abagxeki baphawula ukuthi iElectoral College ingasiza ekucindezeleni abavoti ngokugxilisa amandla ezifundazweni ngemithetho yokuvota evimbelayo.Amazwe adonsa izimpi ezingokomthetho ngenxa yezimfuneko zomvoti ze-ID, ukuhlanzwa kwemiqulu yabavoti, nezinye izinkinga, ngoba ukushintshwa okuncane okungashintsha umphumela wesizwe.

Indima Yokugxuma Amazwe Ekukhetheni Umongameli

Izifundazwe ze-Swing j(ebizwa futhi ngokuthi i-darground noma izifundazwe ezinsomi) zibizwa ngokuthi yilezo ezithi i-vota isondelene njalo futhi noma yiziphi izithasi-mfunda eziphambili zinethuba elingokoqobo lokuwina. Lezi zifunda zikhanga iningi lemizamo yokukhangisa, ukuhambela okuhloselwe, kanye nokuthola inzuzo.

Ibalazwe le-Electoral College liyashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi njengoba inani lamanani lishintsha. Emashumini amabili eminyaka adlule, izifundazwe ezinjengeColorado neVirginia ziye zasuka endaweni yempi zasuka e-Dimocratic zaya e-Democratic, kanti izifundazwe ezinjenge-Ohio ne-Iowa ziye zatsheka ngemva kokuncintisana okukhulu iminyaka eminingi. I-Rusit Belt ihlanganisa izifundazwe zaseMichigan, ePennsylvanian, naseWisconsin; izifundazwe zaseSun Belt zase-Georgia, i-Nevada, neNyakathola; futhi ngezinye izikhathi i-Minnesota neNew Hampreshi.

Lokhu kugxila enqubeni yezifunda ezilinganiselwe ezinamathonya amakhulu. Ngokuvamile amapulatifomu afaka izikhalo zokunxusa abavoti abashiyi bezwe, ngaphambi kokuba benze izinto ezinjengokwakha i-Rust Belt, amalungelo amanzi e-Southwest, kanye nokukwazi ukukhokha izindlu e-Nevada. Abavoter emazweni aphephile. Ngokuqinisekile bathola izinkathazo zabo zibhalwe ngokuthule ngoba amavoti abo aseboshiwe.

Kuvota abavotayo ezifundazweni ezijikijelwayo, iElectoral College iphakamisa izwi labo. Ukuvota okukodwa esimweni esihlukene kakhulu kungathonya ukuthi yimuphi umvoti othola wonke amavoti alowo hulumeni. Yingakho imikhankaso iqongelela kakhulu kulezi zifunda, futhi kungani umvoti ekhethayo kanye nezimpande zotshani ehlelwayo zinamandla kakhulu khona.

Izinhloso Zokuguqula Izwe NeSivumelwano Sesizwe Esithandwayo SaseVote Interstate

Ngoba ukuqeda iElectoral College kudinga ukulungiswa komthetho-mthetho-sisekelo − okudinga amavoti amabili-mithathu kuzo zombili izindlu zoMkhandlu nokuhlanzwa yizingxenye ezintathu kwezine zezifundazwe − ukunqanyulwa okungaqondile kunzima ngokwezombangazwe. Nokho, izihlongozo eziningi zenguquko ziye zamiswa.

Okuvelele kakhulu ukuthatha isikhundla yiNational Popular Vote Interstate Compation (NPVIC). Lokhu kuyisivumelwano phakathi kwamazwe ahlanganyelayo ekukhokheleni wonke amavoti awo avoti abavoti abathola ivoti ethandwa yisizwe, kungakhathaliseki umphumela okhona esizweni sawo siqu. I-lomumumumo ungaba nethonya kuphela uma amazwe angu-270 amele amavoti akhethiwe ahlangene. Njengango-2024, amavoti angu-209 agunyaza i-vhoti. Uma umnyango ufinyelelwe, ukunqoba kwevoti ethandwayo yesizwe kungazenza alondeke i-Elctoral Collegementole enkulu, asebenzisa ngokuphumelelayo ivoti ethandwayo yesizwe ngaphandle kokuvota komthetho.

Abaxhasi baphikisa ngokuthi i-NPVIC ingasusa ithuba lokuwina umongameli ngaphandle kwevoti ethandwayo, iqinisekise ukuthi isilinganiso esilinganayo kuyo yonke imikhankaso ehlanganyelwayo ezweni lonke, futhi yenza imikhankaso incintisana kuzo zonke izifunda-50. Abaphikisi baphikisa ngokuthi ukuhlobana kungawuphula umoya wesimiso sombuso, kungabhekana nezinselele ezingokomthetho, futhi kungaba yizisulu zezimpi zezombangazwe ezisemqoka uma umbuso ufuna ukuhoxa. I-commo ayikahlolelwa enkantolo, futhi umthetho wayo uhlala uyindaba yempikiswano phakathi kwezazi ezingomthetho.

Ezinye iziphakamiso zenguquko zihlanganisa ukuvota okugunyaziwe ngesifunda se-conoration, njengoba kwenza i-Maine ne-Nebraska; ukusebenzisa isimiso somklomelo; noma ukwandisa inani labakhethi ukuze babonise ukushintshana kwenani labantu. Ngezinga likahulumeni, amalungu eSivumelwano aye asungula izinguquko zomthetho-mthetho-sisekelo ukuze aqede i-Electoral College, kodwa akukho nanye eselisondele ukudlula.

Lokho Lokhu Okukushoyo Ngezinqumo Zesikhathi Esizayo

I-Electoral College izoqhubeka iklama ukhetho lukamongameli wekusasa elilindelekile. Izinguquko ze-Demographic, kuhlanganise nokwanda kwenani labantu eNingizimu naseNtshonalanga, zishintsha kancane kancane ibalazwe lezekhethelo. Izwe elifana neTexas neFlorida lithola izihlalo zokuvota ze-conovations (kodwa) futhi ngenxa yalokho amazwe ase-Rust Belt nase-Northast alahlekelwa yizo. Lokhu kungaguqula ukuthi yimaphi amazwe abhekwa njengezikhundla zempi emashumini eminyaka azayo.

Ukuganiselana ngevoter e-Electoral College kusalokhu kubucayi. Ezifundeni, ngisho namashifu amancane anganquma umphumela. Ezizweni ezilondekile, abavoti banganethonya elinamandla emijahweni yokushaya ibhola yeSigele, yendlu, yendlu, yendlu yombuso, namahhovisi endawo, kanye nezokuthatha izinyathelo zomjaho. Ukuqonda i-Electoral College nakho kusiza abavoti ukuba baqonde icebo lomkhankaso: okungenza abafuna ukuhambela izindawo ezithile, ukuthi kungani begcizelela izimpikiswano ezithile, nokuthi kungani amanye amazwe engatholi sithakazelo.

Kuvoti abafuna izwi labo libe nethonya elikhulu, bahlale benolwazi ngesimo sikahulumeni wabo − ukuphambanisa noma ukuphepha / futhi ukuvota kuzo zonke izinqumo kuyindlela eqondile yokuhlanganyela. Isimiso siyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa sisalokhu siwuhlelo olukhetha ngalo umholi wedemokrati womthetho-mzi - sisekelo wakudala kakhulu emhlabeni.

Amaqiniso Ayinhloko Ngekholiji Le - Electoral

  • Kunokhetho abangu - 538 bebonke, abalingana namalungu eNdlu engu - 435, izinyunyana eziyikhulu, nabavoti abathathu beSifunda saseColumbia.
  • Umuntu ozongenela udinga okungenani amavoti angu - 270 ukuze azuze umongameli.
  • Ngokuvamile abacwaningi bakhethwa amaqembu ezombangazwe emihlanganweni kahulumeni noma amakomiti eqembu. Ezifundazweni eziningi, amagama abo atholakala ebhokisini elibhaliswe kanye nomongameli.
  • Izifundazwe ezingamashumi amane nane ne-Frigic of Columbia zisebenzisa i-all system ekuvoteni okunemiklomelo.
  • Le nqubo ichazwe eMthethweni - sisekelo wase - United States, ikakhulukazi eSiphakamisweni II, eSigabeni 1, esiQulwayo se - 12 neSichibiyelo Se - 23.
  • I - Electoral Count Reform Act ka - 2022 izinqubo ezithuthukisiwe zokubala amavoti akhethwe umongameli, icacisa indima yesekela likamongameli futhi iphakamise umnyango wokuphikisa ukuvota okuvela kuzo zombili izindlwana zoMkhandlu.
  • Abavoti abangenalukholo − labo abavota ngokumelene nesifungo sabo − bayivelakancane, futhi iNkantolo Ephakeme iye yasekela amalungelo ezwe okuphoqelela izifungo nokujezisa abaphambuki.
  • I - Electoral College iye yaba indaba yezinguquko ezingokomthetho ezingaphezu kuka - 700 ezihlongozwayo eziseMkhandlwini, ngaphezu kwanoma isiphi esinye isihloko, kodwa ayikho edlulile.
  • Okhethweni ababili kolokugcina (2000 no - 2016), owanqoba i - Electoral College akazange anqobe ukhetho oluthandwayo lwesizwe.
  • Lesimiso saklanywa ngokwengxenye njengokuvumelana phakathi kwemibuso emikhulu nemincane eMhlanganweni Womthetho - sisekelo wango - 1787 futhi ngokwengxenye njengokuhlola ukubusa ngentando yeningi ngokuqondile.

Isiphetho: Ukuzilibazisa Kwakho Ngaphakathi Kwesimiso

I-Electoral College isenye yezici eziphikisana kakhulu zentando yeningi yaseMelika. Ifaka ithonya labavoti ezifundazweni ezijikelezayo, inikeza amazwe amancane amandla amakhulu, futhi iqinisekisa ukuthi abazothatha umongameli kumelwe bakhe imifelandawo ebanzi. Kodwa futhi idala ukuhlukana emandleni okuvota, ivumela ithuba lokuvota okuthandwayo okuwina i-democracy, futhi iminyango ifaka amandla amancane ezikhundleni zempi.

Kuvota ngabanye, isimiso sisho ukuthi ithonya levoti yakho ngokwengxenye lixhomeke ezindaweni ohlala kuzo. Lokho akulenzi ivoti yakho ibe engenanjongo; kusho ukuthi ivoti yakho isebenza ngaphakathi kwesimiso sikahulumeni esinemipheme. Ukuqonda indlela i-Electoral College esebenza ngayo kukusiza ukuba ubone ukuthi i-voti yakho ifanelana nani, ukuthi kungani imikhankaso isebenza ngendlela engenza ngayo, nokuthi iziphi izinguquko ezingase zishintshe isimiso samanje. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isimiso samanje siyaqhubeka noma siguqula, isenzo esiyisisekelo sokuvota sihlala siyikhomba lokuthatha idemo yedemokhrasi.

Ukuze ufunde okwengeziwe, hlola [[FLT: 0] izinqolobane zeNational Archives ze-Electoral College imithombo ye-, funda i-Brennan Center yokuhlola iziphakamiso zenguquko[, bese uhlola Ingqungquthela yesizwe yeSizwe yemithetho yezwe [[. Lemithombo inikeza ukwaziswa okunegunya, okungeyongxenye kwisimiso esilawula noma i-galelo-mthetho.