Kumanani ezindawo zanamuhla, ukulahlwa okulondekile kokwaziswa kuyisici esibaluleke kakhulu sesimiso sokulondoloza ulwazi nesimiso sokulalela inhlangano. Emabhizinisini asebenza e-Ireland, isibopho sokulahla ukwaziswa komuntu siqu nokuyimfihlo sidlulela ngalé kokuzivivinya kahle – kuyimfuneko engokomthetho ngaphansi kwe-General Data Protection Regial (GDPR) nomthetho ohlobene ne-Ireland. Ukuhluleka ukusebenzisa izinqubo zokukhipha ukwaziswa okuqinile kungadalula izinhlangano ekulungiseni izimpahla ezisemthethweni, ukubeka icala, nokulimaza okungaguquguquki kwedumela. Lesi sihloko sichaza ipulani lokulungisa i-pulani e-mende e-irritedry e-reland futhi sinikeza imikhuba engcono kakhulu yokulahla ukwaziswa, ukukhitsha okugunyaziwe, ukubhujiswa okugunyaziwe, ukuqeqeshwa, izinqubo zokubhaka, ukuhlelwa kwemisebenzi, nokusetshenziswa kokubhapaza iziteshi ezithene.

Ukuqonda Imithetho Yokwaziswa Ephambene E - Ireland

I-GDPR ye-Ireland ilawulwa ngokuyinhloko yi-GDPR, eyaqala ukusebenza ngo-May 2018, futhi i-DPR idlulisa i-GDPR ifakwe emthethweni wase-Ireland. I-GDPR ifuna ukuba imininingwane yomuntu siqu igcinwe ngendlela evumela ukuchazwa kwezihloko zemininingwane (ngengaphezu kwalokho okudingekile ezinjongweni lapho imininingwane ihlelwa (i-Artle 5(e). Uma inkathi yokubuya kwe-GDPR iphela noma imininingwane ingasadingenzeki, kumelwe isuswe noma ifinyezwe. Isimiso sokuphendula (i-Artle(2) futhi sisho ukuthi imibutho kumelwe ikwazi ukubonisa ukuzithoba ngezibopho zokulahlwa.

I-DPC inegunya lesizwe eliphethe ukumisa i-GDPR. I-DPC inamandla okukhipha izihlawulo zokulawula eziyizigidi 20 noma 4% ze-templatever embulungeni yonke ngonyaka - noma isiphi esikhudlwana esingaphezulu – ukujezisa okukhulu, kuhlanganise nokuhluleka ukuvala imininingwane yomuntu siqu. Ngaphezu kwemithetho ye-GDPR, imithetho yengxenye engaphoqa izimfuneko ezengeziwe zokulahla. Isibonelo, izinkampani zezezimali zibhekene ne-Central Bank yeziqondiso zokugcinwa kwezincwadi nembubhiso, kuyilapho imininingwane yezempilo ingaphansi kwemithetho yezempilo yezezimali ne-HSE. I-Cremouse (intellivencessss Relationstionstions to Informationsments) I-Act 2017 I-Act, i-mscrolls, edinga ukukhonzwa kwemiciselwa phambili kwemiciso yezelelelo yezeleleko yezentengo yezentengo yezeMpi yezeMpi yezempilo yezempilo yezempilo yezempilo neyo.

Izinhlangano futhi kumelwe ziqaphele ukufakwa kwe-internet phakathi komthetho wokuvikela umniningo nomthetho wendawo ezungezile. I-Waste Management Act ka-1996 ne-WeEDradive yaseYurophu ilawula ukulahlwa kwemishini yogesi, kuhlanganise nemishini yokugcina. Ukulahla imishini eqinile noma izisebenzi ezilahlwayo kuyinto engekho emthethweni futhi kungaholela ekujezisweni. Kunalokho, imishini egunyaziwe esetshenziswayo yogesi ne-electronictic (WEE) kufanele isetshenziswe, okungaqinisekisa ukulahleka kokwaziswa ngaphambi kokuba kusetshenziswe kabusha.

I-Techlore Protection Commission ye-' inikeza isiqondiso sokugcinwa kolwazi nokucisha, kuhlanganise nama-productions ohlelo lokugcina ulwazi kanye nezindlela zokwaziswa zokuvala izinhlelo zokwephula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-European Data Protection Board (EDPB) ikhipha iziqondiso zokudlala phakathi kwelungelo lokuqinisekisa ukuhlanganisa nezinye izibopho ezingokomthetho. Ukuqonda lezingqimba zokuhlela kuyinyathelo lokuqala ekwakheni isimiso sokulahla ukwaziswa.

Imikhuba Emihle Kakhulu Yokungafunwa Kwemininingwane Elondekile

Yakha Isimiso Sokubhala Semininingwane Esingakudingi

Isimiso sokulahla ukwaziswa esisemthethweni siyisisekelo sanoma iyiphi inqubo yokulahla elondekile. Inqubo kufanele ichaze izindima nemithwalo yemfanelo ecacile, ngokwethulwa ukuba ube umnini-Technology Projecter (DPO) noma umphathi wezokuvikela ulwazi, nemisebenzi enikezelwe i-IAR, izakhiwo, kanye nemishini yokuphatha amarekhodi. Inqubo kumele ihlanganise kokubili imininingwane engokoqobo neyobuchwepheshe, kuhlanganise namarekhodi ephepha, amashadi aqinile, ama-ssssssss aqinile (SSD), ama-secrective, imishini ye-elective, kanye nemininingwane egcina amafu.

Izici eziyinhloko zesimiso sokulahla esiphumelelayo zihlanganisa:

  • Ukuhlelwa kwama-data – - ukuhlanganisa ukwaziswa ngokuzwa (umzk., umphakathi, ngaphakathi, yimfihlo, imingcele) ukuze izindlela zokulahla zihambisane namazinga engozi.
  • Izimiso zokugcina[ – isho izikhathi ezingokomthetho neziyimfihlo zohlobo ngalunye lomniningo, ukukhomba izimfuneko zomthetho njenge-Companies Act yonyaka ka-2014 (okusho ukuthi imvume yeminyaka engu-7 igcina imibhalo ethile yemali).
  • Izinqubo zokugunyaza – idinga uphawu lomphathi noma lokususa okungokomthetho ngaphambi kokuba ukubhujiswa okungalungiseki kwenziwe.
  • Ama-modes nezindinganiso[ - - ikhomba izindinganiso eziqondile zembubhiso (umk., iNSSP 800 88 Isk. 1, ISO/IEC 27001, noma NAID AAA Crective) ukuqinisekisa ukuvumelana.
  • I-Chain yelungelo lokuhlala [ - - ukuveza ukuhanjiswa kwempahla yemininingwane ukusuka kwindawo yokugcina esebenzayo kuya ekubhujisweni ukuze kuvinjelwe ukutholakala okungagunyaziwe.

Inqubo kufanele ibukezwe okungenani ngonyaka, noma noma nini lapho kwenzeka izinguquko ezinkulu ekwakheni umthetho noma kwezobuchwepheshe. Zonke izisebenzi ezikwaziyo ukuthola ukwaziswa kufanele ziqaphele le nqubo njengengxenye yokuqeqeshwa kwazo kwaminyaka yonke.

Sebenzisa Izindlela Zokubhubhisa Imininingwane Ezifakazelwe

Akuzona zonke izindlela zokubhujiswa komniningo ezakhiwa ngokulingana. Indlela ekhethwayo ixhomeke ohlotsheni lwemidiya, ekuzweleni i-data, nasemazingeni adingekayo okuqinisekisa. Kumathuluzi okugcina amanani, lezi zindlela ezilandelayo ziqalwa kabanzi njengezisebenzayo:

  • Ukubhubhisa okungokomshosha – ukucwiliza, ukuchoboza, noma ukucoboza nezinye imithombo yezokugcina isebenzisa imishini yezezimboni. Lendlela ayilungiseki futhi ilungele ukwaziswa okungazwela kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, ukudilizwa ngamandla kunganciphisa idiski ibe izicucu ezincane zensimbi, kuqinisekise ukuthi akukho mininingwane ingatholakala ngisho nangamathuluzi akhethekile.
  • Ukudawusela - ukudalula imithombo yokugcina kazibuthe (njengezingalo ze HDD neteyipusi zikazibuthe) kumandla kazibuthe anamandla, ashintshanayo acima imininingwane. Ukukhipha i-methomu kuguqula imithombo yezindaba ukuba ingasebenziseki, ngakho kumelwe ilandelwe ngokubhubhisa okungokoqobo noma ngokubuyisela. Ukudayisa akusizi kuma SSD noma kumathuluzi asekelwe e-flash.
  • Sefica ukusula ngokwenombolo - ukusebenzisa i-software ukubhala imiklamo (umz., wonke ama-zero, wonke, noma ukwaziswa okungahleliwe) kuyo yonke indawo yokugcina, ngokuvamile kudlula kaningi. Izindinganiso ezifana noMnyango we-U.S. we-U.S. 5220.22-M-ovula ngezithuba) noma i-NIST SP 800 88 (i-i-pasessss zemidlali ngezindlela eziningi). Nokho, ama-SSD awekhona ukuphendula ngokusemthethweni ngenxa yokufaka isilinganiso nezindawo ezivinjiwe; i-SSD, ukuvanyanisa noma ukubhujiswa komzimba kuyatuswa.
  • Imvume yokuhlanganisa i-Cryptographic Eras - ukususa ngokuqinisekisileyo isihluthulelo sokufihla esivikela umniningo, kwenze ukuba ukwaziswa kungatholakali ngisho noma umbhalo oyisikhombo usele. Lena indlela esheshayo nephumelelayo yemishini esebenzisa ukuvulwa kwe-disk okuphelele (umz., BitLocker, Filevault, LUKAS). Ngemva kokufihlwa, ukuvuselelwa komphinicisho ungasetshenziswa noma uvuselelwe uma ukuvulwa kombhalo ofingqiwe ngokufanelekile.

Izinhlangano kufanele zifake amabhukwana enkonzo agunyaziwe okulahla ulwazi. Funa abaxhasi abaphethe [[FLT: 0] AMA-AID ISItifiketi , okuyisimiso sokuhlola esizimele esiqinisekisa ukuvumelana nokulondeka okuqinile, imisebenzi, nezindinganiso zezisebenzi zokuhlola. E-Ireland, kukhona izinkampani eziningi ze-NaID ezifaka imvume ezinikeza izinkonzo zokubulala ezingekho-mthethweni. Lapho ukhetha isikhwama, izicelo zembubhiso (i-CoD) esazisa isisetshenziswa sokwenza, inombolo, inombolo yokuhlola, indlela yokubhubhisa, usuku nofakazi.

3. Gcina Ubufakazi Nombhalo Ophelele

Ngaphansi kwesimiso se-GDPR sokulandisa, izinhlangano kumelwe zikwazi ukubonisa ukuthi ziye zavumelana nezibopho zokulahla ukwaziswa. I-Comprehensive uxwebhu lusebenza njengobufakazi benkuthalo efanelekile esenzekeni sophenyo lwe-DPC noma impikiswano engokomthetho. Uma kuqhathaniswa, amarekhodi kufanele ahlanganise:

  • Uhlu lwezinto ezigciniwe, kuhlanganise nendawo yazo, abagcini, kanye nokuhlelwa kwemininingwane.
  • Uhlu lwazo zonke izinto ezibhubhisayo, kuhlanganise nezinsuku, izindlela ezisetshenziswayo, izisebenzi ezihilelekile, nanoma iziphi izitifiketi zokubhubhisa.
  • Ubufakazi bokuqeqeshwa kwezisebenzi ngezindlela zokuchitha imfucumfucu.
  • Amarekhodi ezindlela zokuhlola, zangaphakathi nezangaphandle, ahlaziya imikhuba yokulahla.

Umbhalo ungagcinwa esimisweni sokulawula ama-athom noma ulwembu olulula, uma luhlanganisa imishini yokungena efanelekile nomlando wokuhumusha. Inkathi yokugcinwa kokulahlwa kwezincwadi kufanele idlule ngalé kokuphila kokwaziswa ngokwako - cishe iminyaka emithathu ngemva kosuku lokubhubhisa, nakuba ezinye izimboni zidinga iminyaka eyisithupha yezinkonzo zezimali ngaphansi komthetho we-Central Bank’s Fience and Probity).

4. Qiniseka ukuthi izinto ezigcina izinto ziphephile

Amafayela ezindaba ezingokoqobo – amaphepha, amasondo aphathekayo, izinti ze-USB, ama-optic disc, namakhasethi kazibuthe – aletha izingozi eziyingqayizivele ngoba angabekwa ngaphandle kalula noma ebewe. Izinhlangano kufanele zisebenzise lezi ziyalezo ezilandelayo:

  • Khusela ukuqoqwa koju lwemigqomo – ikhishiwe, izitsha ezibonisa ukushintshwa kokugcina imithombo yezindaba ilindele ukubhujiswa, ezisendaweni elawulwayo.
  • I-Chain yamafomu elungelo lokunakekela abantwana[ - - Ukulandelela umzabalazo wemidiya kusukela eqophelweni leqoqo ukuya engosini yomonakalo, isayinwe esandleni ngasinye.
  • Kumonakalo owenziwe nge-ste vs. ocle-ustic – ekubhujisweni (ukusebenzisa amabhuloho aqhezu) kunikeza izinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokuphepha, njengoba ukwaziswa kungasuki ezindaweni. Ukubhubha okungagunyaziwe kuvumelekile uma ulawulo oluqinile lusendaweni.
  • Ukugcinwa nokuvumelana kwendawo ezungezile [ - - kuqinisekisiwe ukuthi inqubo yokubhujiswa ilandelwa ukubuyiselwa kabusha komthwalo wemfanelo ngokuvumelana neWeEEDireve. Ukuthola isiqinisekiso esibhaliwe sokuthi umbuyiseli ngeke azame ukubuyisa ukwaziswa kwemithombo yezindaba ebhubhisiwe.

Kumarekhodi ephepha, ukusikwa kwebhukwana elinqanyulweyo (kubukhulu obungamamilimitha angu-4×40 noma amancane) kuyatuswa, njengoba amachashaza amadekthe angahlanganiswa ngesandla. Izinkonzo eziningi zokudabula zinikeza izikhombo ezilondekile ezifaka iphepha ngokuzenzekelayo esitsheni esihluthulelwe.

Ezinye Izindlela Zokungazazi Ngokuphumelelayo

Ukuqeqesha Nokuqaphela Izisebenzi

Iphutha lomuntu liyimbangela ephambili yokuqhekeka kokwaziswa, futhi ukulahlwa okungafanele akuhlukile. wonke amalungu ezisebenzi asingatha ukwaziswa kumelwe aqeqeshwe ngezinqubo ezifanele zokulahla ukwaziswa okungokoqobo nokusebenza ngomshini. Ukuqeqesha kufanele kuhlanganise:

  • Indlela yokubona ukwaziswa okuye kwafinyelela ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokuzigcina kwakho.
  • Ukusetshenziswa okufanele kwemigqomo echibiwe namathuluzi okusula amanani.
  • Ukubaluleka kokungalokothi ulahle ukwaziswa emfucumfucwini evamile noma ngokuthengisa imishini emidala ngaphandle kwe - ersure.
  • Imiphumela yokungahambisani, kuhlanganise nokuzilimaza komuntu siqu ngokunganaki okukhulu.

Ukuqeqeshwa okuqabulayo kufanele kunikezwe minyaka yonke, futhi amarekhodi ababa khona agcinwe. Ukuqeqeshwa okucacile kungadingeka ku-IT kuzisebenzi ezisebenzisa izinombolo zokucima, abaphathi bezakhiwo abengamele ukucekelwa phansi komzimba, namaqembu abaphathi bamarekhodi.

Izincwadi Zokuhlolwa Nokubukezwa Kwama - akhawunti Kwasikhathi Sonke

Ukuhlolwa kwezikhathi ezithile kuyasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi kulandelwa izimiso zokulahla futhi kubonwe izindawo ezingathuthukiswa. Iqembu langaphakathi lokuhlola noma i-patry yesithathu kufanele ibukezwe:

  • Ukunamathela esimisweni sokulahla eminyangweni.
  • Ukuphelela nokunemba kwemibhalo yokubhujiswa.
  • Ukulondeka kwezindawo zokugcina ukwaziswa okulindele ukubhujiswa kuzo.
  • Umthengisi ukhokhelwa (uma usebenzisa izinkonzo zokubulala zesithathu).

Imiphumela yokuhlola kufanele ibhalwe futhi ibikwe kubaphathi abakhulu. Noma iziphi izimvume ezingavumelani nenqubo kufanele ziqondiswe ngamasu okulungisa, anezikhombo zokulungisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlangano kufanele zihlole ukuhlolelwa kokuchayeka okuvamile ukuze zihlole ukuthi ukwaziswa okungaphinde kutholakale yini emithonjeni engcolile – ngokwesibonelo, ngokuzama ukufunda ukwaziswa okususiwe emotweni eshaywe ngemoto ngaphambi kokuba kubhujiswe.

Ukufingqa Ukukhomba Ukuze Kuncishiswe Izingozi Ezibangelwa Yisimo

Ukubhala kuyikhomba okunamandla okuvimbela ukulahlwa okulondekile. Uma ukwaziswa kufingqiwe lapho kuphunyeziwe (usebenzisa i-algorithm eziqinile njenge AES-256), ukubhujiswa kwesihluthulelo sokubhala okufingqiwe kwenza ukuba ukwaziswa kungabi nakwazi ukufinyelelwa, ngisho noma imithombo yezokugcina izinto ingabhujiswa ngokomzimba. Lendlela, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-shopy crifing Erasure, ibaluleke kakhulu kuma-SSD kanye nendawo yokugcina amafu, lapho ukusula okungokwesiko kungase kungasebenzi noma kungaphelele.

Nokho, ukukopisha kukodwa akusi-inketho yezinqubo ezifanele zokulahla. Izinhlangano kumele ziphinde zilahle ngokoqobo noma zilahle izisetshenziswa ze-degaus eziqukethe ukwaziswa okuzwelayo, ngoba amankinombho okukhonjiswa kombhalo oyimfihlo angatholakala ezindaweni zokulahla inkumbulo noma uma ukusetshenziswa kokubhala okuyimfihlo kunezinto ezingekho mthethweni. ISIPUMELELI SISAKA 800 888 IsAP. 1 [FLD] inikeza ukutusa okuningi ngokuhlanganisa ukufakwa kanye nokubhuqulwa okungokoqobo kwendawo ezungezile engaphezulu.

Lawula Izingozi Zesithathu Nezodokotela

Izinhlangano eziningi zase-Ireland zikhipha imithombo yemininingwane ebhujisiwe kubathengisi abakhethekile. Nakuba lokhu kungakhokha izindleko, kuveza izingozi ezengeziwe. I-GDPR ifuna ukuba abaqondisi bemishini yokwaziswa (kuhlanganise nabaphathi bezembubhiso) banikeze isiqinisekiso esanele sokusebenzisa izilinganiso ezifanele zobuchwepheshe nezokuhlela. Izinhlangano kumelwe zenze intshiseko efanelekile kubadayisi, kuhlanganise:

  • Ukubukeza izincwadi zabo zemvume (isib., NAID AAA, ISO 27001).
  • Ukuqinisekisa isizinda sezisebenzi zabo kanye nezivumelwano ezingagunyaziwe.
  • Ukuthola amakhophi ezimiso zawo zomshuwalense (imvume yokungena ezimisweni zomphakathi kanye nezingozi ze - Internet).
  • Ukuhlola njalo izindawo nezinqubo zazo.

Isivumelwano nomthengisi kufanele sihlanganise isivumelwano sokulungisa imininingwane esisho izindlela zokubhujiswa, izimfuneko zokubhala, nezibopho zezaziso esenzekweni sesenzakalo. Isitatimende sokudla okuye-audio kufanele sihlanganiswe futhi, sivumele inhlangano ukuba ihlole ngokuzumayo.

Cabanga Ngebhayisekili Lokwaziswa Lokuphila Ngaphandle Kokulahlekelwa

Ukulahlwa kwamafu kuyisigaba sokugcina se-data egcina ibhayisekile, kodwa kufanele kuhlelwe kusukela esikhathini lapho imniningo idalwa. Lapho kuhlelwa uhlelo olusha, cabangela indlela umniningo ozocishwa ngayo ngokuqinisekile ekupheleni kokuphila kwawo okuwusizo. Ngokwesibonelo, izinkonzo zamafu ngokuvamile zinikeza izimiso zokucisha ezizenzekelayo ezingahlelwa ukuba zisuse ukwaziswa ngemva kwesikhathi esimisiwe. Nokho, izisekelo zamafu zingagcina izivikelo noma izingobo okudingeka nazo zicinywe. Izilungiselelo kufanele zibukeze ulwazi lwazo oluyi-mafwi olususa izakhi zemininingwane zezinto ezifihlwayo futhi zithole isiqinisekiso sokuthi i-data isuswa ngokungenakususwa kuyo yonke imithombo yokugcina yezindaba, kuhlanganise nezikhiphicobo zokululama kwenhlekelele.

Ngokufanayo, uma ufaka i-elptop entsha (i-laptop, izisebenzi, omakhalekhukhwini), hlanganisa imfuneko yokuba isisetshenziswa sisekele imisebenzi yokucima eqinisekisiwe elondekile (isib., ATA Se-Quevity yezokushayela, i-Forctal Crood for mafekthal). Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukulahla kungakwenziwa kalula nangokuqinisekiswa ngensimi ye-IT yangaphakathi.

Ukulondoloza Ukubambisana Nokwethembana

Ukulahlwa kokwaziswa akuwona umsebenzi wesikhathi esisodwa kodwa inqubo eqhubekayo edinga isibopho kuzo zonke izilinganiso zenhlangano. Ngokuthatha imikhuba echazwe ngenhla – ezimisweni ezibanzi nezindlela zokubhubhisa eziqinisekisiwe zokuqinisekisa ukubhalwa kwezincwadi nezokuqeqeshelwa izisebenzi kanye nezinhlangano e-Ireland kungahlangabezana nezibopho zazo ezingokomthetho ngaphansi kwe-GDPR kanye nemithetho ehlobene nayo. Okubaluleke kakhulu, zibonisa isiko lokuphatha ukwaziswa okukha ithemba kubathengi, abasebenza nabo, nabaqondisi.

Hlola njalo izindlela zakho zokulahla ukwaziswa ngokubheka izinsongo nobuchwepheshe. Ukwanda kweziqondiso ze-temply state eqinile, i-comptation, ne-IOT kuye kwenza ukubhujiswa kokwaziswa kwaba yinkimbinkimbi kunanini ngaphambili. Ungazi ukuthi uyakwazi ukuhlaziya iziqondiso zomthetho nezindinganiso zemboni, njengokuthi i-Eupanon Data Protection Board yezemfundo ephula ukwaziswa [[], okungathinta ngokungaqondile inqubo yokulahla izinqubo. Ukusetshenziswa kokwaziswa kokwaziswa kunciphisa izingozi zokulahlekelwa ukwaziswa okubizayo futhi kuqinisa idumela lenhlangano yakho njengomqondisi wemininingwane onomthwalo wezolwazi onomthwalo wemfanelo.