Uma ushiya ingane yakho ekunakekeleni kwasemini, thatha ukudla okusheshayo elolini lokudla, noma uvumele inja ukuba ihambe epaki eliseduze, imithetho yempilo yendawo isebenza ngokuthula. Lemithetho, ngokuvamile ebhalwe yiminyango yezempilo yesifunda noma yedolobha, ilungisa ukuphepha komoya owuphefumulayo, amanzi owaphuzayo, nokudla okudliwayo. Nakuba ingase ibonakale ingenangqondo noma ibhungane, imiphumela yayo ibonakala kakhulu qhaqhaqhaqhazekile kusukela ekhadini lebanga elisesiteshini lokudlela esiteshini sefasitela lokudlela ukuya echibini lomphakathi. Ukuqonda lemithetho kukusiza ukuba wenze izinqumo ezihlakaniphile, uvikele indlu yakho, futhi ngisho nokudla komkhaya wakho kulawule indlela umphakathi okhula ngayo.

Ukuqonda Imithetho Yempilo Yasendaweni

Imithetho yezempilo yendawo igcinwa yimithetho egunyazwe ohulumeni bezwe ukuze babhekane nezingozi zempilo yomphakathi. Ihlanganisa yonke into kusukela ezingeni lokushisa le-saladi elifakwe isiqandisi kuya kude ithangi le-septic kumelwe livele emthonjeni. Lemithetho ivame ukwenziwa amabhodi endawo empilo noma ama-dolobha, asekelwe ekutusweni kwezinhlangano zezempilo zombuso nakwesiqondiso sikahulumeni ezinhlanganweni ezinjenge- Centers for Diseasease Control and Prevention (CDC) kanye ne-Agement protection (EPA).

Ngokungafani nemithetho kahulumeni ebanzi, imithetho yendawo ivumelana nezingozi ezithile zomphakathi. Idolobha elisogwini lingase ligxile ekuvuneni izinhlanzi ezivubukulayo, kuyilapho isifunda sezolimo singabeka imingcele elandelanayo yezibulala zinambuzane ezithathelwanayo. Lendlela esheshayo yendawo ivumela iziphathimandla ukuba ziphendule izimo ezihlukile zendawo ezungezile namanani abantu. Nokho, kusho futhi ukuthi imithetho ingahluka kakhulu kusukela kwesinye isigaba kuya kwesinye esilandelayo.

Imithetho egunyazwa abahloli bezempilo bendawo, odokotela bezemvelo, izikhulu zokugcinwa kwemithetho elawula inqubo. Ukuhlola inqubo, ukukhononda nokuvumela ukuvuselelwa kwemithetho kuyizinqubo eziyinhloko ezenza amabhizinisi nezindawo zomphakathi zihlale zihambisana.

Ukuphepha Kokudla Nomkhaya Wakho

Izindawo ezimbalwa zokuphila kwansuku zonke zibonakala zilawulwa kakhulu kunokudla. Iminyango yezempilo yendawo iqondisa imisebenzi yezindawo zokudlela, izitolo zokudla, izimakethe zabalimi, amakhefi, ngisho namakheshi okudla esikhashana ezinkundleni zomphakathi. Umgomo ulula: ukuvimbela izifo ezibangelwa ukudla. Ngokwe - CDC, abantu abalinganiselwa ezigidini ezingu - 48 bagula ngenxa yokudla okungcolile unyaka ngamunye e - United States. Imithetho yendawo iwuhlobo lokuqala lokuvikela izibhebhelu ezibhebhethene nezindawo ezihlala ndawonye.

Ukuhlola Izitolo Nezindlela Zokugqoka

Imikhaya eminingi iye yabona i-spect dead (A, B, noma C) ifakwe efasiteleni lokudla. Isigaba sibangelwa ukuhlolwa okungalindelekile komhloli wezempilo wendawo ohlola izimpawu eziningi, kuhlanganise nokugeza izandla okufanele, ukugcinwa kokudla, ukunqanda izinambuzane, nokulungisa inqubo yokuzibulala. I-inspective zivame ukuqhutshwa kathathu ngonyaka, kuye ngesilinganiso esiyingozi sokusungulwa. Ibanga eliphansi lingaholela ekuhlolweni okulandelayo, izinkokhelo, noma ngisho nokuvalwa.

Uma ungayiqedi imibiko yokuhlola umphakathi ivame ukutholakala kuyi - Internet. Ukuthatha imizuzu embalwa ubukeze umlando wesitolo sokudla kungakusiza ukuba wenze izinqumo ezibonisa ukuthi ungadla kuphi nomkhaya wakho. Bheka izindlela zokuphuka okugxekayo − njengokungawafanele amazinga okushisa, izikhathi zokupheka anganele, noma ukuncitshiswa kwesimiso sokusebenza.

Abalimi Nokudla Kwendawo

Amamakethe abalimi athandwa kakhulu, kodwa futhi asebenza ngaphansi kwezimiso zokuphepha ukudla zendawo. Abathengisi kumelwe bathole imvume, babhale imikhiqizo yabo ngokunembile, futhi balandele izindlela eziphephile zokuphatha imikhiqizo, inyama, nokulungisa ukudla. Amanye ama-ocester adinga ukuqeqeshwa okugunyaziwe komphathi wokudla othengisa izinto eziyingozi. Lapho bethenga emakethe, babheka izindawo ezihlanzekile, imibukiso elawula izinga lokushisa, futhi bathengisa imvume yokufaka izimpawu ezisobala. Lezi zimpawu ezibonakalayo zokuvumayo zibonisa inqubo yokulawula ukudla evikela umkhaya wakho.

Amakhishi Asekhaya Nokudla Okuncane

Izimiso eziningi zempilo zendawo manje zihlanganisa “imithetho eshibhile yokudla” evumela amabhizinisi okudla asekhaya ukuba adayise ezinye izinto eziphansi njengempahla ebhakiwe, izimayela, kanye namathini ngaphandle kwemvume yezentengiselwano yasekhishi. Nokho, kunemingcele eqinile yalokho okungathengiswayo − cishe izinto ezingadingi ukufakwa esiqandisini. Uma uthenga ekhishini lasekhaya, ubuza ngemvume nezimpawu zazo. Imithetho iyahluka kakhulu ngokombuso nesifundazwe, ngakho ikhokha ukwazi imithetho yendawo uma ucabangela ukuqala ibhizinisi lakho lokudla.

Izikhumbuzo Zokudla Nesixwayiso Somphakathi

Iminyango yezempilo yendawo ngokuvamile ingeyeyokuqala ukwazisa umphakathi ngokudla okukhumbulayo okuhlobene nokungcoliswa ezitolo zendawo noma abadayisi. Ukusayina i-odays yesimiso sempilo eqaphile sesifunda sezwe lakini kungakunika ushintsho lwesikhathi sangempela lwezinto ezifana nomkhiqizo, inyama, noma ubisi lwezingane. Lomzila oqondile wokuxhumana usiza imikhaya ukuba isuse ngokushesha imikhiqizo engaphephile ekhishini layo.

Izindawo Zokuhlanza Nezindawo Zomphakathi

Izindawo zomphakathi ezihlanzekile ziyisisekelo sempilo yomphakathi.

Izindawo Zokudlala Nezindawo Zokuzijabulisa

Imithetho idinga indawo yokudlala yenziwa ngezinto zokudlala ezishayisa imoto enjengezindophi zenjoloba, uhlaza, noma izingqwembe zokhuni ukuze kuncishiswe ukulimala kokuwa. Abahloli bahlola amachopho abukhali, izikhali ezisebenza ngemishini ezingasebenzi kahle, nezakhiwo ezingaphephile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imithetho esendaweni yokulahla udoti nenhlanzeko yendlu yangasese ivimbela ukusakazeka kwamagciwane. Uma uqaphela ukuthi kunendawo yokudlala enqandekile − izinto zokudlala ezinqanyuliwe −, imfucucucucu, noma izimpahla ezikhukhulayo ezingcolile, ungabika emnyango wezempilo yendawo yakho.

Amachibi Omphakathi Namapaki Asemanzini

Amachibi okubhukuda kumelwe ahlangabezane nezinga eliqinile lamanzi ahlanzekile, kuhlanganise namazinga afanele echlorine ne-PH, ukuze kuvinjelwe izifo zokuzilibazisa ezibangelwa yizifo ezibangelwa yizilokazane ezifana ne- Cryptosporidium[. Izikhulu zezempilo zendawo zihlola njalo amanzi futhi zibukeze izinto zokuphepha ezifana nezinsinginya zokuphila nezimpawu. Imikhaya ingahlola umlando wokuhlola itheku elisezingeni elisezingeni elisezingeni eliphezulu. Inani eliphakeme lokuphula imithetho ehlobene nekhemisi noma i-patroji yempilo kufanele libangele ukukhathazeka.

Izinkulisa Nezikole

Izikhungo zokunakekela izingane nezikole zingaphansi kwemithetho yezempilo eqinile yendawo. Lezi zihlanganisa izimfuneko zesilinganiso sezisebenzi kumntwana, izilinganiso zesizinda, amarekhodi okugoma, izimiso zokuhlanza, nezindlela zokulala eziphephile zezinsana. Abahloli bahlola izinkonzo zokudla, iziteshi zokugeza izandla, izindawo zokulungisa amanabukeli, kanye nokuhlanzeka kwezindawo zesakhiwo. Kubazali, ilayisense yamanje noma imvume eboniswe ngokugqamile iyisibonakaliso esihle. Uma unexhala ngenkulisa yosuku lwengane yakho, ungacela umbiko wabo wamuva kakhulu wokuhlola.

Ukuvinjelwa Kwezifo Ezikoleni Nasemiphakathini

Izimiso zempilo zendawo ziyithuluzi elinamandla lokuvimbela ukuqubuka kwezifo ezithathelwanayo.

Izimfuneko Zokuvala Isikole

Cishe wonke umbuso ufuna ukuba izingane zigonywe ngezifo ezithile − njengezimmungumungwane, izithukuthezi, amabhulukwe, nopoliyo ("bezokwazi ukuya esikoleni). Iminyango yezempilo yendawo ivame ukuqinisa lezimfuneko futhi ilawule izinqubo zokunganciphi. Imikhaya kufanele igcine isikhathi esimisiwe ngesimiso esiqondile sokugoma sezwe layo nanoma iziphi izinguquko zokukhulula imithetho. Phakathi nokugqashuka, izikhulu zezempilo zendawo zingayeka ukukhulula noma zikhiphe abantwana abangagodli esikoleni ukuze zivikele umphakathi obanzi.

Ukucwaninga Okunamandla Nokuphakama Kwawo

Uma isifo esithathelwanayo sivela − njenga norovirus esikoleni noma isifo sofuba emsebenzini — iminyango yezempilo yendawo ithatha isinyathelo sokulandelela ukuxhumana nokuzihlukanisa noma ukuhlukaniswa nabantu. Lezenzo zingaphazamisa ukuphila komkhaya okwesikhashana, njengokufuna ingane ukuba ihlale ekhaya isikhathi esithile. Ukuqonda imithetho yendawo kuyasiza ekulungiseleleni imikhaya: yiba necebo lokunakekela izingane uma kudingeka, futhi wazi ukuthi ubani ongamshayela uma usola ukuthi uzizwa uvulekile.

Imfundo Yezempilo Nezimiso Zomphakathi

Izimiso zempilo zendawo zivame ukuyala ukuba kufundiswe kwezempilo ezikoleni, izihloko ezinjengenhlanzeko yezandla, ukudla, nempilo engokwempilo. Ngaphandle kwesikole, iminyango eminingi yezempilo inikeza izinhlelo zamahhala zokuvimbela ukubhema, ukuvimbela isifo sikashukela, nokuncelisa ibele. Lezi zinyathelo zisiza imikhaya ukuba ibe nesimilo esinempilo, zinciphise umthwalo wesikhathi eside wesifo esingamahlalakhona. Ukuhlanganyela kulezinhlelo kungakunika futhi izwi eliqondile ekulolongeniseni izimiso zempilo zesikhathi esizayo ngezinhlelo zomphakathi zokuveza inqubo.

Impilo Yendawo Ezungezile Ekhaya

Umoya ongaphakathi ekhaya lakho, izinga lamanzi akho aphuma empompini, kanye nokuphepha kwenhlabathi yakho konke kuthonywe imithetho yendawo ezungezile yezempilo yendawo.

Ubuhle Bomoya Wangaphakathi Neradon

Izimiso eziningi zokwakha zendawo manje zidinga ukuhlolwa nokubekwa kweradon emakhaya amasha, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezine-radon engcono kakhulu. IRadon iyigesi ekhipha imisebe eyenzeka ngokwemvelo eyimbangela yesibili ephambili yomdlavuza wamaphaphu ngemva kokubhema. Uma uhlala endaweni lapho i-radon ivamile khona, umnyango wezempilo wendawo yakho unganikeza amabhokisi okuhlola amahhala noma aphansi. Ngokufanayo, imithetho yokulungisa nokupenda umthofu ezakhi zemvelo eziqashisayo ivikela imikhaya ezinkingeni zokuphefumula nasezinkingeni zokuthuthukisa intuthuko. Uma uqasha, ungacela ukuba umnini wendlu yakho yendlu yendlu ye-radon itshani noma izingozi zokuhola; abahloli bempilo bendawo bangafaka lezozicelo.

Ukuphepha Kwamanzi Okuphuza

Emikhayeni ezimiso zamanzi zomphakathi, iminyango yezempilo yendawo ihambisana noMthetho we-Fite Safed Toater Water. Ihlola imishini ehlanganisa amagciwane, ama-nitrate, umthofu, ne-(_ezifundeni ezithile). Imishini yamanzi idingeka ukuba ikhiphe imibiko yokuqiniseka kwabathengi minyaka yonke. Uma usebenzisa umthombo wasese, umthwalo wento ewukuhlolwa njalo. Iminyango eminingi yezempilo yendawo inikeza ukuhlolwa kwamanzi ukuze ithole imali encane. Ukwazi ukuthi yini esemanzini ikuvumela ukuba ukhethe isimiso sokuhamba kahle kwemisebe, njenge-osmsismosissss ebuyayo ephumayo ukuze uthole izinga lamanzile aphezulu. Uma usebenzisa i-mimeter noma i-carbon elula yokunambiza nephunga.

Ukuphathwa Kwamanzi Nezinto Eziyingozi

Izimiso zendawo zinquma indlela imikhaya okumelwe ilahle ngayo udoti oyingozi − ipendi, amabhethri, izibulala zinambuzane, namakhemikhali okuhlanza. Ukulahlwa okungafanele kungangcolisa amanzi angaphansi komhlaba kanye nenhlabathi. Izindawo eziningi ezihamba ngezikhathi ezithile zihamba nezenzakalo eziyingozi zasekhaya. Iwebhusayithi yomnyango wezempilo yendawo yakho izodweba izinsuku nezindawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imithetho yokukhipha i-methane efakwa egcekeni nokulahla indle yasekhaya iyasiza ekunciphiseni igesi engcolisayo futhi izinambuzane. Ukulandela lemithetho akugcini nje kuphela ukugcina indawo ohlala kuyo iphephile kodwa futhi kunciphisa nonyawo lwendawo ezungezile yomkhaya wakho.

Indlela Imikhaya Engahlala Ngayo Inolwazi Futhi Isekela

Ukuqonda imithetho yempilo yendawo kuyisinyathelo sokuqala, okulandelayo ukuba nengxenye ekhuthele kulokhu. imikhaya inendima enamandla okumelwe iyifeze ekulolongeni imithetho ethinta ukuphila kwayo kwansuku zonke.

Yazi UMnyango Wempilo Wakini

Isifunda ngasinye noma idolobha linomnyango wezempilo onewebhusayithi. Chitha isikhathi uhlola yona. Bheka izingxenye ezithi “Environty Health,” nesithi“Food Safety,” nesithi“Desease Control. Iminyango eminingi inyathelisa amarekhodi okuhlolwa, imizuzu yomhlangano, nezaziso zomphakathi. I-bekisi indawo futhi uyihlole njalo ukuze ihlaziye ukubhebhethwa kokuqubuka, ukukhumbula, noma ushintshela imithetho. Ungasayina futhi ukuze uthole ulwazi ngokuqondile.

Yiba Khona Emihlanganweni Yempilo

Ibhodi lemihlangano yezempilo idla ngokwenziwa obala futhi ivame ukuqhutshwa nyanga zonke. Le mihlangano ibukeza imithetho emisha, ixoxa ngezindaba zempilo eziqhubekayo, futhi izwe ukukhulumela umphakathi. Ukuya kukunika indawo yokuhlala engaphambili ekunqumeni okuthinta indawo ohlala kuyo.

Hlanganyela Nekomiti Yezakhamuzi

Eminye iminyango yezempilo yendawo imisa amakomiti ukuze anikeze iseluleko ezindabeni ezithile, njengokuphepha kokudla, ukuvinjelwa kobuthisi bomthofu ezinganeni, noma ukulungiselelwa okuphuthumayo. Lamakomiti avame ukufuna amalungu omphakathi, kuhlanganise nabazali nabanakekeli. Ukukhonza ekomitini enjalo kukunika indima eqondile ekubhaleni noma ekubukeleni imithetho, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isimo somkhaya sihlanganisiwe.

Izinkinga Zokubika

Uma uhlangana nengozi yempilo − isitolo sokudla esinenhlanzeko ephansi, ipaki elinezinto eziphukile, umakhelwane onesifo sokudla okungaphucukile − bika kumnyango wezempilo wendawo yakini. Izikhalo zithathwa njengezingathi sína futhi zivame ukubangela uphenyo. Umbiko wakho ungavimbela ukugula noma ukulimala ngaphambi kokuba kuthinte abantu abaningi. Gcina inombolo yomnyango wezempilo engaphucukile uma ukhuluma ngocingo lwakho ukuze ungene ngokushesha.

Abasekeli Bemithetho Eqinile

Uma kunegebe elikhona − njengemithetho ebuthakathaka ezimweni zokuqasha izindlu noma ukuhlola okulinganiselwe kokuvela kwezindawo zokuqasha noma imikhaya ingasekela ushintsho. Tsalela ibhodi yempilo noma umkhandlu wedolobha lakini. Xoxani ngezindaba zenu siqu futhi niveze ubufakazi obuvela kochwepheshe bezempilo. Ubudlelwane nenzuzo engabhekisi phambili ekulondekeni kwendawo ezungezile noma ekulondekeni kwezingane. Ukungatholi mvume kungaholela ezimiyalweni ezintsha ezivikela umkhaya wenu eminyakeni eminingi ezayo.

Isiphetho

Izimiso zendawo zezempilo azizona izincwadi zikahulumeni ezingabonakali zokwenza ukudla komkhaya wakho kuhlale kuhlanzekile, isikole sezingane zakho, ipaki elisendaweni yakini eliyingozi, amanzi okuphuza ahlanzekile. Kusukela esigabeni sokudlela odongeni kuya ekuhlolweni kweradon engaphansi kwendlu yakho, lemithetho ithinta cishe zonke izici zokuphila kwansuku zonke. Ngokuhlala ufundile, uhlanganyela ezinqubweni zomphakathi, futhi ubika okukhathazayo, ungaqinisekisa ukuthi lezimiso ziyazimela ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zomkhaya wakho. Ngokwenza kanjalo, usiza ekwakheni umphakathi onempilo kubo bonke abantu.