Ukuqonda Indlela Yokuthola Ukwelashwa

Ukukwazi ukufinyelela empilweni kuyisikhawulo esiyisisekelo semiphumela yenhlalakahle yomuntu ngamunye nempilo yomphakathi. Nokho, ukungena akusho nje ukuba khona kwezindawo zezokwelapha; kuhlanganisa ikhono lokuthola isikhathi, ukufaneleka, nokunakekelwa okubizayo. Imingcele eminingi ingaphazamisa ukufinyelela, kuhlanganise nezici zezwe, zemali, nezezenhlalo. Abaphathi-mthetho kumelwe balwe nalemingcele lapho beklama izimiso ezihloselwe ukuhleleka nokwehlukana kwendawo yonke.

Izithiyo Zendawo Nezokwakha

Indawo ye-ographic isesinye sezithiyo ezingapheli. Izindawo zasemaphandleni nezikude zivame ukubhekana nokuntuleka kwabaphathi bempilo, izibhedlela, nezinkonzo ezikhethekile. Ngokwe- Inhlangano yezempilo yomhlaba wonke[, engaphezu kwengxenye yabantu emhlabeni bahlala emaphandleni asemaphandleni, nokho lezindawo zikhonzwa kuphela ngengxenye yodokotela nabahlengikazi bomhlaba. I-Telehealth iye yavela njengethuluzi elithembisayo lokuvala lezi zimbobo, kodwa idinga izakhiwo eziqinile zemvelo nezimiso zobuchwepheshe zemfundo zamanani ezivamile ezivame ukusakazwa ngokungafanele.

Izithiyo Zezimali Nezomshuwalense

Izindleko zokunakekela zihlala ziwumngcele omkhulu, ikakhulukazi ezimisweni ezingahlanganisiwe. E-United States, i- Kaiser Family Foundation ibika ukuthi abantu abangakhokhelwanga kakhulu basengozini yokudela ukunakekela okudingekayo kwezokwelapha ngenxa yezindleko. Ngisho naphakathi kwemishini efakiweyo, imali ephezulu nenkokhelo ingavimbela abantu ukuba bafune izinkonzo zokuvimbela noma ukugcwalisa imishado. Ukunwe kweMidididi nokusebenzisa imishuwalense yemali kuye kwaba yimigomo eyisihluthulelo, kodwa lokhu kuveza izindleko zabo.

Izinto Ezisiza Umphakathi Nokufunda Empilweni

Izimo zezenhlalo, imfundo, kanye nokuthola ulwazi lwezempilo. Inani eliphansi lemali ehlawulwayo livame ukulwa nokuhamba, isikhathi esikude emsebenzini, nolimi. Ukukwazi ukufunda ezempilo .Ikhono lokuthola, inqubo, nokuqonda ukwaziswa kwempilo okungakhokhwa (imiphumela eqondile) noma abantu bangasebenzisa izimiso zempilo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Izisebenzi zezempilo zomphakathi nezinhlelo zokuhamba ngezinyawo ezibonisa ukuphumelela ekuthuthukiseni imiphumela ezindaweni ezisengozini, njengoba kuphawulwe yi- Izinhlangano zesizwe zezempilo.

Izindleko Zokunakekela Impilo: Abashayeli Nemishini Enamandla

Ukuqonda abashayeli balezi zindleko kubalulekile ekuklameni izimiso eziphumelelayo. Nakuba izici ezithile zihluka ngokwezwe, kuvela izihloko eziningana ezivamile.

Ubunkimbinkimbi Obulawulayo

Ezimisweni eziningi, ikakhulukazi abakhokha imali eningi njenge-United States, abaphethe ikhanda basebenzisa ingxenye enkulu yokunakekela impilo. Ukubhalisa, ukubhala, ukulungisa, nokugunyaza ngaphambi kwemvume kudinga izisebenzi ezinkulu nezinhlelo ze-software eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ukuhlola kulinganisela ukuthi izindleko zokuqondisa zemali yemali ye-15-30% yengqikithi yezindleko zempilo e-US, uma kuqhathaniswa no-5/15% ezimisweni zokukhokha eyodwa. Izinqubo zokulawula zidinga imishini yempilo esemthethweni futhi zikwazi ukukhokha izindleko zezempilo ze-elektroniki ngezindlela ezilula.

Ukusebenzisa Imithi

Izindleko zezidakamizwa ezigunyaziwe ziwumsebenzi oyinhloko futhi okhulayo. Amanani emithi emisha, ikakhulukazi ezifweni ezingamahlalakhona nezifo ezingavamile, aye afinyelela amazinga acindezela kokubili uhlelo lwemali yomphakathi neyomuntu siqu. I-policie enjengentengo yemilaliso (njengoba ibonwa kuyi-Inflateation Reduction Act), i-prigsion, kanye nokuncintisana okuvamile kuye kwaxoxwa kuma-partiom amaningi. ECD [i] iye yaqokomisa isidingo sokuvela kakhulu kwemisebe yezemithi ekhemisi kanye nokuhlolwa kwezidakamizwa ezisekelwe ekusebenziseni intengo yemali.

Ukushintsha Kwezobuchwepheshe Nezindleko

Ubuchwepheshe bezokwelapha obuthuthukisiwe kusukela ekuhlinzweni kwemidwebo kuya ekuhlinzweni kwezakhi zofuzo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezakhi zofuzo, buye bathuthukisa ukunemba kanye nemiphumelo yokwelashwa. Nokho, lokhu kusungulwa kwezindlela kuvela ngenani eliphakeme. Ukuncishiswa kobuchwepheshe obubizayo kungabangela izindleko ngaphandle kwezinzuzo empilweni yabantu. Abenzi bobudokotela kumele bahlole ukubaluleka kobuchwepheshe obusha ngokuncitshiswa kwethuba labo; izinhlangano zokuhlola ukubaluleka nezobuchwepheshe bempilo zingamathuluzi asetshenziswa ukwenza lezi zinqumo zibe ezinengqondo ngokwengeziwe.

Umthwalo Wezifo Ezingamahlalakhona

Ukusakazeka kwezifo ezingamahlalakhona − njengesifo sikashukela, isifo senhliziyo, nokukhuluphala − ukudayiswa kwengxenye enkulu yezokwelapha ezisetshenziswa emazweni amaningi. Ukulawula lezizimo kudinga ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo, imithi, futhi ngokuvamile ukulaliswa esibhedlela. Ukufakwa kwezimali ekuvimbeleni, ukungenela kwendlela yokuphila, nemikhankaso yezempilo yomphakathi kunganciphisa ukuvela kwezifo ezingalapheki, kodwa lokhu kutshala imali kudinga ukuxhaswa kakhulu futhi kuveze izinzuzo ezikhathini ezinde.

Izinga Lokunakekela Enqubweni Yezokwelapha

Ubuhle buvame ukuchazwa izinhloso eziyisithupha ze - Institute of Medicine: ziphephile, ziphumelela, zikhona phakathi, zifike ngesikhathi, zisebenza kahle, futhi zilingana. Ukufinyelela zonke eziyisithupha ngesikhathi esisodwa kuyinselele enkulu, ikakhulukazi uma kuqhathaniswa nokungena nokukhomba.

Ukuphepha Kweziguli Nokwelashwa Okusekelwe Ebufakazini

Ukunciphisa amaphutha ezokwelapha nezenzakalo ezimbi kuyinto eyinhloko. Imithetho yesivumelwano, uhlu lokuhlola, kanye nokusekela kwezinqumo ze-electronic kuye kwaboniswa ukuthuthukisa ukuphepha. I- i-Expresst Commission[ izibhedlela ze-Pronesia ezisekelwe ekuthobeleni izindinganiso zokuphepha. Nokho, ukusebenzisa lezi zinyathelo kudinga ukutshala imali ekuqeqesheni, ekuhlolweni, nasekushintsheni kwendlela yokuphila. Imithi esekelwe ebufakazini iqinisekisa ukuthi ukwelapha kuyaphumelela, kodwa ukuhumusha ukucwaninga kokusebenza ngokuvamile kuyacotha futhi akuhambisani.

Ukwaneliseka Kwesineke Nokuhlanganyela

Okuhlangenwe nakho kweziguli kuqashelwa kakhulu njengengxenye yemfanelo. Ukuhlola okunjenge-Scheme Assessment of Healthharety Lavicess and Systems (HCAHPS) kuhlanganisa ukwaneliseka kweziguli ezizozikhokhela ezinye izimiso. Iziguli eziphiliswayo zithambekele kakhulu ekunamatheleni emalungiselelweni okwelashwa futhi zifinyelele imiphumela engcono. Kodwa, ukugxila kakhulu ekwanelisekeni kungaholela ekusebenziseni izinkonzo zenani eliphansi noma ekugwemeni izingxoxo ezidingekile kodwa ezingajabulisi.

Isikhathi Nokuvumelana Kwabantu

Linda isikhathi eside ukuze kuvele ochwepheshe abafuna ukumiswa, ukuhlinzwa ngokhetho, noma ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo kuhlala kunezimo ezingapheli ezimisweni eziningi, ikakhulukazi lezo ezihlanganisa yonke indawo futhi ezilinganiselwe. Imishini yokunakekela ehlangene njengezindlu zezokwelapha eziphethwe yisiguli nezinhlangano zokunakekela ezilandisayo (aim) ukuze zithuthukise ukuhleleka nokunciphisa ukuqhekeka. Nokho, lezi zimo zidinga ukuthengiselwana kolwazi oluqinile lwempilo nokukhokha izinguquko ukuze ziphumelele.

Ukuhweba Ngezinqumo Zesimiso

Isimiso sokunakekela impilo singokwemvelo sokwenza ukukhetha lapho inzuzo engxenyeni ethile ingase ivele khona ngenye. Le mishini ayiphelele; umklamo wokuhlakanipha unganciphisa imiphumela emibi, kodwa ayinakuqedwa ngokuphelele.

Izindleko vs. Ukutholakala

Ukuhlanganisa izindleko ezingaphezulu (endizeni) noma kubangelwa ukunwetshwa kwe-Medicaid, izimali, noma ukukhetha komphakathi, ngokwesilinganiso kungenza ukunakekelwa kwempilo okuphelele kusetshenziswe ngesikhathi esifushane ngenxa yokuthi abantu abaningi basebenzisa izinkonzo. Lokhu kungaholela ekukhokheleni noma ezintela. Ngokuphambene, izilinganiso zezindleko ezinjengokuthi izindleko zikhulu, izikhangiso ezivimbelayo, noma imiphakathi elinganiselwe inganciphisa imali esetshenziswayo kodwa inciphe ukufinyelela kubantu abasengozini. Ukulinganisela okungcono kuxhomeke ekuzimiseleni komphakathi ukukhokha nokubekezelela kwayo ukungalingani.

Izindleko Zobuhle

Ukunakekela okuphakeme kudinga imithombo eyengeziwe: izisebenzi eziqeqeshiwe kakhulu, imishini ethuthukile, nesikhathi sokusebenzelana nesineke. Izibonelo zemali ekhokhelwayo zizama ukuhlanganisa izisusa ngemiphumela evuzayo kunesilinganiso. Nokho, ukulinganisa izinga kuyinkimbinkimbi, futhi ama-millimeter angaklanywa kabi angaholela ekugembuleni noma ekunganakeni kweminye imiphakathi yeziguli. Abaphathi-mthetho kumelwe baklame ngokucophelela izilinganiso zezinga eliphezulu futhi balungise izindleko ukuze bagweme imiphumela engalindelekile.

Ukufinyelela vs. imfanelo

I-ministry ezisezingeni eliphezulu (ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlanganisa inani labantu elisanda kufakwa izakhiwo ezisekhona). Izikhathi zokulinda zingakhula, futhi izinga lokunakekela lingase linciphe uma amasheya engasebenzi kakhulu noma izakhiwo zingasetshenziswa kakhulu. Izikhulu ezinwetshwayo zikwazi ukufinyelela, kanye nokutshala izimali emsebenzini kanye namandla, zinganciphisa lokhu kucindezeleka. Izenzakalo zamazwe anjengeTaiwan, eyasungula ukuhlanganiswa kwezindawo zonke, zinikeza izifundo zokulawula le misebenzi.

Izifundo Zecala: Izifundo Ezivela Kumthetho Wezwe Wangempela

Ukuhlola izinhlelo ezingokoqobo zezimiso kunikeza ukuqonda okucacile ngendlela ukuhweba okusebenza ngayo.

UMthetho Wokunakekela Ongafinyeleleki (ACA)

I-ACCA yanciphisa kakhulu izinga elingakhokhwanga e-United States ngenhlanganisela yokwanda kwe-Medicaid, izinguquko zezentengiselwano, nokuxhaswa kwemali. Nokho, yagxekwa ngokunyuka kwemali kwezinye izizwe, ukuncintisana okulinganiselwe kwezinye izimakethe, nokuncitshiswa kwezombangazwe. Lo mthetho wabonisa ukuthi ukufinyelela okukhulayo ngaphandle kokunikeza abashayeli imali egcwele kungashiya izinselele ezikhokhekayo. Naphezu kwalezi zindaba, i-A ilokhu kuseyisibonelo esivelele senguquko.

Imithombo Yezokwelapha Ifaneleke Yonke Imibandela

Iziphakamiso zomkhokhi oyedwa, njengeMedicare for All Act, inhloso yokususa umshuwalense ozimele futhi inikeze wonke umshuwalense obanzi kuzo zonke izakhamuzi. Abasekeli baphikisa ukuthi kunganciphisa ukungcola kokuphatha futhi kuqinisekise ukufinyelela kwendawo yonke. Abaphikisi baxwaya ukwanda kwentela okudingekayo, ukuphazamisa ukukhokhela inzuzo, kanye nokungalindeli isikhathi eside. Ukuhlangenwe kwamanye amazwe anezimiso zomkhokhisi oyedwa, njengeCanada neUnited Kingdom, kubonisa ukuthi ukufinyelela yonke indawo kungahlala ngokunakekela okuphakeme kodwa ngokuvamile kuhilela izinhlu zokulinda izinqubo zokuvota kanye nezimiso ezithile zobuchwepheshe.

Umshuwalense Wempilo Engokwenhlalo WaseJalimane

IJalimane isebenzisa isimiso somkhokhelo omningi ngezimali ezincintisanayo ezingazuzisi inzuzo kanye nomshuwalense wezempilo ogunyaziwe. Ifeza cishe izindleko zezempilo ezibanzi kuyilapho ilondoloza izindleko eziphansi kakhulu zokuphathwa nokwaneliseka kweziguli. Ama-premium asekelwe kakhulu eholweni, futhi kugcizelelwa kakhulu ekuvimbeleni nasekunakekeleni okuyinhloko. Isimiso saseJalimane sibonisa ukuthi imakethe elawulwayo elawulwayo elawulwayo ingalinganisela ukufinyelela, izindleko, nezinga, nakuba idinga ukuphatha izimali nobunye obuqinile.

Izinqubo Zokulinganisela Indlela Yokuthola Imali Nezindleko

Abenzi bezenqubo banezindlela eziningi abangazisebenzisa ukuze baqinise ijubane. Alikho isu eliyisiliva; izinguquko eziphumelelayo ngokuvamile zihlanganisa izindlela eziningi ezivumelana nendaba yendawo.

Ukunakekela Noshintsho Olusekelwe Emalini

Kusuka ekukhokheleni intela yenkokhelo kuya emalini esekelwe kumanani abakhokheli abakhokhi ukuba bagxile emiphumeleni kunokuba bagxile ekukhishweni. Ukukhokha izindleko zokunakekelwa, izinhlelo ezihlanganyelwayo zemali, nemishini yokukhokha izakhamuzi yizibonelo. Lezi zimo ezibonisayo zidinga izakhiwo zemininingwane eziqinile kanye nezindlela zokulungisa izingozi zokugwema ukujezisa abanakekela abantu abagulayo.

Ukunakekelwa Kokuzivikela Nokunakekelwa Kwempilo Yomphakathi

Ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zokugoma, ukuhlola izinhlelo, ukubhema ukuhlinzwa, nokulawulwa kwezifo okungamahlalakhona kunganciphisa isidingo sokunakekelwa okubizayo. Abathathi bezifo zokunqanda nokuvimbela [ babhekisela ezindleleni eziningi zokuvimbela izindleko. Nokho, izinzuzo ngokuvamile zinyuka amashumi eminyaka, zidinga ukuhlela inzuzo ezombangazwe esikhathini eside ezingeni eliphansi kakhulu.

Ubuchwepheshe Obuntengantenga Nokulungisa

I-Telehealth, ukugada isiguli esikude, kanye ne-apps yempilo ehambayo kunganweba ukufinyelela kwabezokunakekela, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezigciniwe. Ukuhlakanipha kokwenziwa nomshini kuthembisa ukuthuthukisa ukuxilonga, ukwelapha okungokomuntu siqu, kanye nokunika imithombo engcono. Nokho, lamathuluzi kumelwe asetshenziswe ngokucophelela ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuhlukana nokuqinisekisa imininingwane eyimfihlo nokulondeka.

Ukukhuluma Nezici Zempilo Ezenhlalo

Imiphumela yempilo ilolongwa yizici ezingaphandle kwesimiso sokunakekela impilo: izindlu, ukulondeka kokudla, imfundo, ezokuhamba, nemali. Izikhulu ezitshala imali kulezi zindawo zindawo − njengezinhlelo zezindlu ezibizayo, izikhungo zempilo ezisekelwe esikoleni, kanye nosizo lokondleka komzimba, zingathuthukisa impilo yabantu kuyilapho zinganciphisa izindleko zezokwelapha. Ukubambisana kweqembu lezokubulala kuyisihluthulelo, kodwa ukulinganisela inzuzo ekuthengiseleni imali kuhlala kuyinselele.

Indima Yababambi: Ukuhlobana Nokuxabana

Isimiso sokunakekela impilo asenziwanga ngokungenalutho; sivela ekudlaleni kwabadlali abahlukahlukene abavame ukuncintisana.

Abaqondisi Nabaphathi Bakahulumeni

Ohulumeni bamisa uhlelo lokuqondisa, banikeze izimali zomphakathi, futhi ngokuvamile basebenza njengabanakekeli abaqondile bokunakekela (isizk., ezibhedlela zomphakathi noma e-NHS). Kumelwe balinganisele umthwalo wemfanelo wezezimali, izingcindezi ze-votor, kanye nesithakazelo somphakathi. Ukusekela kweBhartisan akuvamile ezinguquko ezinkulu, okwenza intuthuko engokwengeziwe ivame kakhulu.

Abaphangi Nezinhlangano Ezingochwepheshe

Odokotela, izibhedlela, nochwepheshe bezempilo abahlangene banikeza ukunakekela nokusekela iziguli zabo kanye nezinzuzo zazo. Ukuswelakala komondli, ukutubeka, kanye nezinga lokukhokhela imbuyiselo kuhlala kukhathazekile. Abanakekela abasebenzelana ekuguqukeni kwenguquko (-/rather) kunokushintsha okukhulu kakhulu okuvela phezulu (ukubalulekile ekufezeni okuphumelelayo.

Abakhokhi Nezimfashini

Izinkampani zomshuwalense, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zithonya ukutholakala nokukhokhwa kwezinhlelo zezokuxhumana, izinqumo zokukhokhela, nezinga lokukhokha. Izisusa zazo zenzuzo zingangqubuzana nemigomo yempilo yomphakathi. Ukusetshenziswa kwezimakethe zomshuwalense, kuhlanganise namatheku ayingozi kanye nesivikelo sabathengi, kudingekile ukuhlanganisa izisusa zokukhokhela kanye nezinjongo zomphakathi.

Iziguli Namaqembu Abaphangi

Iziguli zinamandla kakhulu ekulolongeni indlela yokulungisa. Amaqembu okuthola izifo ezithile, ukukhubazeka, noma imiphakathi elwela ukuhlanganisa izimali, izimali zokucwaninga, nesivikelo. Izisebenzi zokunakekela eziphethwe yiziguli zihlela ukwenza izinqumo ngokulandelana, kodwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amazwi ahlukahlukene azwakalayo kudinga ukufinyelelwa nokumelelwa ngamabomu.

Isiphetho

Ukulinganisa ukungenela kanye nezindleko ezimisweni yezempilo kuyinselele ehlala ikhona edinga ukuqonda okucacile ngokuthembisana nge-costaff, ubufakazi obuqinile, kanye nokungaguquguquki. Akukho simiso esiphelele; ukukhetha ngakunye kuhlanganisa abanqobi nabahlulwayo. Nokho, ngokugxila entengo, ekuvimbeleni, ezobuchwepheshe ezisebenzayo, ngokunakekela ngokunakekela, nangokukhuthaza ukubambisana, abenzi bemithetho bangaqhubekela phambili ekunakekeleni impilo elinganayo nengaguquguqukiyo esikhathini esizayo. Ukuhlola nokuzimela kubalulekile, njengendawo yezifo, ezobuchwepheshe, nezenhlalo zidinga ukuqhubekela phambili. Umgomo awusona isiphetho esiqinile kodwa inqubo yentuthuko egcina impilo yabantu nempilo isesilinganisweni.