Ukuqonda Isimiso Esingokomthetho Salokho Okukhethwa Endaweni

Ukhetho lwendawo lwakha ukubusa komphakathi, kodwa imithetho yabo engokomthetho ivame ukunganakwa. Imithetho elawula ukuthi ubani ongavota, ongathatha isikhundla, nendlela imikhankaso eqhutshwa ngayo ngegunya kodwa ihlanganyele izinhloso ezifanayo: ukulunga, ukucaca, nobuqotho. Lesi sihloko sephula imithetho eyisisekelo elawula ukhetho lwendawo, inikeza isiqondiso esicacile kubavoti nabalindele ukubhapathizwa ngokufanayo.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ufaka ibhodi lokuvota noma ucabangela ukubalekela umkhandlu wedolobha, ibhodi yesikole, noma ikhomishane yesifundazwe, ukwazi umthetho kukusiza ukuba usebenzise le nqubo ngokuqiniseka. Kusukela ekusebenziseni imvume nokubhalisa isikhathi kuya ekulinganiseni izimfuneko zemali eziqotho nemingcele yezezimali, isici ngasinye siklanyelwe ukuvikela inqubo yentando yeningi.

Ukuba Nesizo Nezimfuneko Zokubhalisa

Noma iluphi ukhetho lwendawo luqala ngomvoti. Nokho, akuzona zonke izakhamuzi ezifanelekelayo. imithetho engokomthetho imisa izimfuneko ezicacile ezinquma ukuthi ubani ongase avote emincintiswaneni yendawo.

Ubudala Nezakhamuzi

Imfuneko eyisisekelo kakhulu inkathi. Cishe kuzo zonke izifunda-magagamende, abavoti kumelwe babe neminyaka engu-18 ubudala noma ngaphambi koSuku Lokhetho. Ukuba isakhamuzi kungenye imfuneko yendawo yonke (kuphela izakhamuzi zase-U.S. zingavota kuhulumeni, kuhulumeni, nakukhetho lwendawo. Ezinye izindawo zivumela izakhamuzi ezingazimele ukuba zivote kukhetho oluthile lukamasipala (umz., ibhodi lesikole noma imikhandlu yedolobha), kodwa lokhu akuvamile futhi kuyavumelana nemithetho ethile yendawo.

Izimfuneko Zokuhlala Ukhululekile

Amavoter kumelwe ahlale phakathi kwemingcele yendawo yesifunda sokhetho. Izifunda eziningi zidinga isikhathi esincane sokuhlala phela cishe izinsuku ezingama-30 ngaphambi kokhetho. Lokhu kuvimbela ukuhamba okunemizuku emincane kuhloselwe ukuthonya uhlanga. Abaholi abahamba phakathi kombuso ofanayo kumelwe baqinise ukubhaliswa kwabo ngaphambi kosuku lokubhaliswa.

Eminye imibuso ibeka izimfuneko zokuhlala isikhathi eside kukhetho lwendawo. Ngokwesibonelo, i-National Conference of State Legislatures iphawula ukuthi amazwe athile adinga izinsuku ezingu-30 zokuhlala endaweni engaphandle ngaphambi kokuvota. Njalo hlola imithetho eqondile kahulumeni wakho.

Ukubhalisa ngevoter

Ukubhalisa kuyinqubo engokomthetho lapho umvoti efakwa khona ezicupheni ezingokomthetho. Izifundazwe eziningi zinikeza i-intanethi, iposi, kanye nezinketho zokubhalisa. Izinketho ezifile ziyahluka kakhulu cishe cishe ngezinsuku ezingu-30 ngaphambi kokhetho, kuyilapho ezinye zinikeza ukubhaliswa kosuku olufanayo. Amavoter kufanele aqinisekise ukubhaliswa kwawo ngaphambi kwanoma yiluphi ukhetho lwasendaweni, ngoba amaphutha noma izimemezelo zingaphumela ekuphambukisweni ezinhlolweni.

Amavoti alungiselelwe avame ukutholakala kubavoti abalwa kuphela ngemva kokuba izikhulu zokhetho ziqinise izimfanelo zabo, zinikeze labo abanezindaba zokubhalisa ikhasi lokuphepha.

Imithetho Ecacile

Izimfuneko ze-ID yezithombe ezindaweni zokuhlola seziye zaba yindaba enkulu engokomthetho kukhetho lwendawo. Imithetho ihluka kakhulu ngokombuso. Ezinye izifundazwe zifuna i-ID yezithombe zikahulumeni (iphepha-mvume lomfula, i-passport, njll.), kuyilapho ezinye zithatha izincwadi ezingagunyazi i-odotom njengentela yenzuzo noma izitatimende zebhange.

Uma umvoti efika engenayo i-ID eyamukelekayo, izifunda eziningi zivumela ukuba zifake i-costal. Nokho, umvoti kungadingeka abuye nemininingwane efanele phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa ukuze umvoti abale. Le nqubo igunyazwe ngokomthetho ukuthi ivimbele ukukhwabanisa kuyilapho isavikela ukutholakala kwe-colot.

Ibalulekile: izitolo ezikhubazekile, ukuphikisa okungokwenkolo ukuthathwa izithombe, noma ubunzima obuthile bezomnotho bungakhululwa emithethweni ye-ID eqinile kwezinye izifunda. Ngaso sonke isikhathi thintana negunya lakho lokhetho lwendawo ngohlu oluphelele lwe-ID ezamukelekayo nanoma yiziphi izinqubo ezinhlobo.

Ukuphelelwa Umsebenzi Nokufuduka Kusenesikhathi

Akuwona wonke umuntu ongavota ngoSuku Lokhetho ukuze athole abavoti abahamba ngezinyawo, abagulayo, abakhonza empini, noma abakhetha ukuvota, imithetho yendawo inikeza ezinye izindlela.

Ukuthutha Izincwadi

Ukuvota kwe-bobree kuvumela umvoti ukuba afake ivoti ngeposi ngaphambi koSuku Lokhetho. Ezinye izifundazwe zidinga izaba (njengokuba ungaphandle kwedolobha noma ukhubazekile), kuyilapho ezinye zivumela ukuba zingabi khona lapho zivota. Izintambo ezifileyo ngokucela ibhola elingekho ziphoqelelwa ngokuqinile cishe izinsuku ezingu-7 kuya kwezingu - 14 ngaphambi kokhetho.

Uma selitholiwe, ivota lokuvota kumelwe libuyiselwe ngeposi noma ngokoqobo ngaphambi kokuba izinqumo ziphele ngoSuku Lokhetho. Ezinye izifundazwe zidinga ukuba amabhola aphumile athunyelwe ngeposi e-Ecostation Day futhi atholeke phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa kamuva. Amabhola amuva ngokuvamile awabalwa.

Kuqala Esontweni

Izifunda eziningi manje zinikeza inkathi yokuvota yasekuqaleni kusukela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuya emasontweni ambalwa ngaphambi koSuku Lokhetho. Lokhu kunciphisa imigqa futhi kwenza abavoti bavumelane nezimo. Izindawo zingabekwa phakathi (umz., ihhovisi lokhetho lesifunda) noma zisakazekele ezizeni eziningi. Imithetho yokuvota yakuqala isho amahora, izindawo, nezindlela, okumelwe zikhishwe izikhulu zokhetho.

Imithetho Nezimfuneko Zobufundisi

Ukufuna ihhovisi lendawo kungumsebenzi ongathi sína ongokomthetho. Abaphathi-zincwadi kumelwe bahlangabezane nezindinganiso zokuthola inzuzo, amaphepha, futhi bavumelane nezimiso zomkhankaso. Ukwehluleka ukwenza kanjalo kungaphumela ekususweni kwemithetho noma ekujezisweni.

Ukuba Ngovelele Ehhovisi Lasendaweni

Imibuso eminingi idinga abazolandela lokhu:

  • Okungenani aneminyaka engu - 18 ubudala (amanye amahhovisi, njengemeya noma ilungu lomkhandlu, angase abe neminyaka engaphansi, ngokwesibonelo, 21 noma 25 ubudala.
  • Isakhamuzi sase - United States.
  • Izakhamuzi zalesi sifunda isikhathi esithile esiqondile (ngokuvamile unyaka owodwa noma ngaphezulu).
  • Umvoti osemthethweni ophethe.

Amahhovisi athile, njengebhodi yesikole noma umqondisi wesifunda samanzi, angase abe nezimfanelo ezengeziwe.

Ukuhlobisa Nokuzifica

Indlela ye-collet iqala ngokufaka amaphepha oku-odola. Lamaphepha adinga inani elincane lezisayino kubavoti ababhalisiwe esifundeni. Umnyango wokusayinwa umiswa umthetho ($_isignomes ezimbalwa kakhulu, futhi ozobhalisayo akakufanelekeli. Amaphepha okufakelwa kumelwe athunyelwe ngohlelo oluqinile, ngokuvamile emasontweni ambalwa ngaphambi kokhetho oluyinhloko.

Inkokhelo yokukhokha ivamile kukhetho lwendawo. Lenkokhelo isiza ekukhokheleni izindleko zokuphatha. Kwezinye izifundazwe, abafuna ukubhalisa isicelo uma bengakwazi ukukhokhela. Zonke izimfuneko zilawulwa umthetho noma umthetho wendawo.

Isizinda Nokungavumelani

Akuwona wonke umuntu ongathatha ihhovisi lendawo.

  • Izinkolelo eziqinile: Izifundazwe eziningi zinqabela abantu ababoshelwe ukuvalelwa ehhovisi lomphakathi. Ezinye zivumela ukubuyiselwa kwamalungelo ngemva kokuqeda isigwebo, kuyilapho ezinye zivimbela unomphela amacala athile (umzk., ukukhwabanisa kokhetho, ukufumbathisa).
  • Imingcele yokungalingani: Ezinye izindawo zimisa imingcele emahhovisi njengemeya noma ilungu lomkhandlu, zivimbela abantu ukuba bangabaleki uma sebesebenzise inani eligcwele lamagama.
  • I-Confucity yesithakazelo:[ Abantu abanamahhovisi athile omphakathi (umz., isisebenzi sesifunda sesifunda esisebenzela umkhandlu wedolobha) singase singakufanelekeli ukugwema izingxabano. Imithetho yendawo iveza lemithetho evimbelayo.
  • I-reader-torun wirect-remon will: Kwezinye izifunda, izisebenzi zomphakathi kumelwe zishiye isikhundla sazo samanje ngaphambi kokuhlela esinye isikhundla esikhethiwe. Lokhu kuvimbela ukusebenzisa umsebenzi womphakathi ukuze zizuze inzuzo engafanele.

[ I-Cornell Legal Information Institute inikeza ukucaciswa kwemingcele yomthetho-sisekelo nemithetho elawula ubuqotho.

Imithetho Yezimali Nezikhwama Zokukhokha Imali

Imali okhethweni lwendawo ilawulwa kakhulu. Umgomo ukuvimbela ukonakala, ukunciphisa ithonya labanikelayo abaningi, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi ukubonakala. Amakhandi kumelwe asebenzise uchungechunge lwemithetho ehlukahluka ngokwezwe ngisho nangomasipala.

Imingcele Yengxenye

Izindawo eziningi zibeka imingcele yokuthi ikomiti yezenzo zezombangazwe (PAC), noma inhlangano inganikela kangakanani kulowo ozobhalisa. Imikhawulo ingasebenza emjikelezweni wokhetho noma ngonyaka wekhalenda. Ngokwesibonelo, idolobha lingase lifake iminikelo ku-R3,50 umuntu ngamunye ozonikela ngomkhandlu wedolobha. Eminye imikhandlu ivimbela inkampani noma iminikelo yenyunyana ngokuphelele.

Imithetho ilinganisela iminikelo yemali ngaphezu kwemali ethile (kaningi ingu - R250) futhi ifuna ukuba yonke iminikelo iqoshwe.

Imibiko Yezimali

Abathathi-nxaxheba kumelwe babhale imibiko yabo yezikhathi ezithile idwebe iminikelo yabo yomkhankaso nezindleko. Lemibiko iyimibhalo yomphakathi futhi ivame ukubekwa kubaphathi bendawo bokhetho noma ku-omgunyathi wezimiso zikahulumeni. Ama-dedline okuhlela ayahluka-hluka-hluka(okunye kudinga imibiko yangaphambi kokhetho, imibiko ye-posi yokhetho, nemibiko yaminyaka yonke.

Ukwehluleka ukubhala phansi ngesikhathi kungaphumela ekuhlawulweni noma, ezimweni ezinzima, ukususwa kwephepha lokuvota. Imfuneko yomphakathi isebenza njengesehlo ekusetshenzisweni kabi kwezimali.

Iziphetho Ezizimele

Amaqembu angaphandle, njenge-PACS noma izinhlangano ezingazuzi nzuzo, angasebenzisa imali ukusekela noma ukuphikisa umbhalisa uma nje engahambisani nomkhankaso. Lezizindleko ezizimele kumelwe zibikwe futhi. Isinqumo seNkantolo Ephakeme ku- Citins United v. FEC [2010] ivumela ukusetshenziswa okungenamkhawulo kwezinhlangano nezinyunyana, kodwa amazwe amaningi aye amisa imithetho yawo siqu yokuziveza eqondene nokhetho lwendawo.

IKhomishane yeNkqutyana yoNhlolo-khetho ichaza incazelo ye ... ... CONTIZEN BON [ yemali yomkhankaso.

Imikhuba Yomkhankaso Nemingcele Engokomthetho

Ngaphandle kwemali, umthetho ulawula lokho abazofuna ukukusho nokwenza emkhankasweni.

Ukukhankasela Impahla Yomphakathi

Imithetho yokuvota yendawo ivame ukuvimbela umkhankaso wokukhankasela izindawo zokuvota. “i-campaign-inter” ivame ukumiswa phakathi kwebanga elithile (umz., izinyawo eziyikhulu) ukusuka emnyango ukuya esiteshini sokuhlola. Kuleyo ndawo, akukho zimpawu, izimpawu, noma ukunxusa komlomo kuvunyelwe. Lokhu kuvimbela ukuvota nokuqinisekisa uhlelo.

Ezinye izikhulu zivimbela ukufakwa kwezimpawu zomkhankaso ezindaweni zomphakathi, kuhlanganise namalungelo, amapaki, nezakhiwo zikahulumeni. Ukuphula kungaphumela ekususweni nasekuhlawulweni.

Izenzo Ezigunyaziwe

Izenzo eziningana zingekho emthethweni kunoma yiluphi ukhetho lwendawo:

  • [[UMTH: 0] Ukuthenga ngokunganaki: ukunikezela ngemali, izipho, noma imifelandawo eshintshisa ukuvota kuyicala.
  • Ukuvuna i-ballot:[ Ezifundeni eziningi, iqoqo lesithathu ne-partum nokubuya kwamavolotte angekho kulinganiselwe noma kungekho ngokomthetho ngokuphelele.
  • Ukunikezwa:[ ngokukhohlisa ukuvuma kweqembu noma inhlangano, noma izikhulu zokhetho ezizenza izikhulu, zenqatshelwe.
  • [ Ukungavumelani: Ukuqinisa abavoti, ukuguqula imishini yokuvota, noma ukubhubhisa amabhola alahlwayo kujeziswa kakhulu.

Abathakathi abahlanganyela emikhubeni yokukhohlisa — njengokuthumela amaposi adukisayo abonakala evela kuhulumeni — bangase babhekane nezijeziso zomphakathi noma zobugebengu.

Izenzakalo Zosuku Lokukhetha Nokuqondisa Okungokomthetho

NgoSuku Lokuvota, isimiso somthetho esiyinkimbinkimbi siqinisekisa ukuthi ukuvota kuyaqhubeka ngokushelela. izisebenzi ezisontayo ziqeqeshelwa ukumisa imithetho ephathelene nokukhethwa komvoti, ukusingatha i - bott, nemingcele yesifunda.

Izindawo Zokusakaza Inhlabathi

Igceke ngalinye kumelwe limise iziteshi zokuhlola ezifinyelelekayo kubavoti abakhubazekile. Umthetho we-Federal ngaphansi komthetho Help America Vote Act (HAVA) ugunyaza ukuba yonke indawo yokuvota ibe nomshini wokuvota owodwa ofinyelelekayo.

Amajaji okhetho (abizwa nangokuthi izisebenzi zokuvota) asayina ama-affidavits ukuze asekele imithetho yokhetho. Banomthwalo wokuqinisekisa ukuphumelela kovoti, ukukhipha amavoti, nokugcina ukuhleleka. Kumelwe futhi baqinisekise ukuthi akukho mkhankaso owenziwa ngaphakathi noma eduze kwendawo yokuvota.

Bala Futhi Uthandele Indwangu Yasesitezi

Ngemva kokuhlola, amavoti abalwa izikhulu zokhetho. Izinhlelo zokubala, ukulandisa, nokuqinisekisa imiphumela zisungulwa ngokomthetho. Ezinhlangeni eziseduze, izibalo ezizenzekelayo zingaqala uma imingcele yokunqoba ingaphansi komnyango ochazwe ngokomthetho (umz. 0,5% wamavoti akhishwe).

Inqubo yokuhlola inqubo − ukufakwa kwemikhondo okungokomthetho kanye nesiqinisekiso semiphumela − ilawulwa yizilinganiso eziqinile zesikhathi. Noma yikuphi ukuphikisana noma ukungavumelani kuphenyelwe. Amakhandi namavoti bangacela izinselele phakathi nenkathi yokudweba.

Izinqumo Zezingxabano Nezixazululo Ezingokomthetho

Lapho kuphakama izingxabano ngokufaneleka komvoti, izimfanelo zokuvota, noma imiphumela yokukhetha, kuba khona izimiso ezingokomthetho zokuzixazulula.

Imihlangano Yokukhetha

Umuntu okholelwa ukuthi ukhetho lonakaliswe ukukhwabanisa, amavoti angekho emthethweni, noma amaphutha angafaka umncintiswano wokhetho enkantolo. Izikhalo kumelwe zifakwe efasiteleni elifushane (ngokuvamile izinsuku eziyishumi kuya kwezingu - 30 ngemva kokhetho. Inkantolo ingayala ukuba kubhalwe izibalo, inciphise amavoti athile, noma ngisho ingenza lowo owinwayo angawufaneleki uma lokhu kungawuthinta umphumela.

Izindawo zokuncintisana nokhetho zihlanganisa:

  • Ukuvota okungekho mthethweni (isib., abangewona umsunguli bajikijela amavoloti)
  • Ukuziphatha kabi kwezikhulu zokhetho
  • Ukulimaza noma ukubala amaphutha
  • Ukwephulwa kwemithetho yezimali ethinta umphumela

Izinselele Zokungafundi

Abavoti noma abaphikisayo bangase baphikise ukufaneleka komnyundeli phambi kokhetho. Lezi zinselele zivame ukuzwakala yibhodi yokhetho lendawo noma inkantolo. Izizathu ezivamile zihlanganisa ukwehluleka ukuhlangabezana nezimfuneko zokuhlala noma zobudala, ukusayinwa komjovo, noma ukugconwa kwecala okuvimbela ubuqotho.

Uma inselele iphumelela, ocela ukubhapathizwa ususwa ephepheni lokuvota. Uma inselele ivela ngemva kokhetho, owinayo angasuswa ehhovisi.

Ukuphoqelelwa Yizimemezelo Zokukhetha

Amakhomishane okhetho bendawo noma amabhodi okhetho engamela imithetho yokhetho. Banegunya lokuhlola izikhalo, ukukhipha impikiswano, nokubeka izijeziso zokuphatha. Ukuphula umthetho okukhulu − njengokukhwabanisa noma ukufumbathisa − bangakhomba amacala ekuphoqeleleni umthetho ukuba ulwele ukuquliswa kwecala.

Abaqondisi bezindaba ababona umsebenzi wokusola kufanele babike ngokushesha ekhomishaneni yokhetho.

Isigwebo Sokwephula Imithetho Yokukhetha

Ukuphulwa komthetho wokukhetha kunemiphumela emibi.

  • [ Izenzo zokwephula umthetho ezincane, njengokuhluleka ukubhala umbiko wembulo ngesikhathi, kungaphumela ekuhlawulweni komphakathi imali engu-R3,50 kuya ku-R350 ngosuku kuze kubhalwe umbiko.
  • Ukuhlanganisa: Umvoluleki ophula imithetho yezezimali angangeniswa embonini yemali noma akhishwe ehhovisi uma ukwephulwa komthetho kutholakala ngemva kokhetho.
  • Icala lobugebengu:[ Amacala afana nokuthenga amavoti, ukukhwabanisa, noma ukonga amavoti angaholela ekuboshweni, ngokuvamile iminyaka emihlanu noma ngaphezulu. Ukuphulwa kwemithetho (umz., ukubekwa kwezimpawu okungekho emthethweni) kuthwala izijeziso ezilula.
  • [ Iziphazamiso zamalungelo okuvota:[ Kwezinye izizwe, abantu ababoshelwe ubugebengu bokhetho bangalahlekelwa ilungelo lokuvota unomphela noma inkathi emisiwe.

Abakhomishane bezokukhetha nabashushisi baqinisekisa ngentshiseko ukuba lemithetho igcinwe ithenjwa umphakathi. Umnyango wokwahlulela wase-U.S. u-Voting candelo uhlola futhi umangalele ubugebengu be-volution kahulumeni, kuyilapho iziphathimandla zikahulumeni nezindawo zisingatha ukwephulwa okuningi kokhetho.

Ukuhlala Nginolwazi Futhi Ngimsekela

Njengoba imithetho yokukhetha yendawo iyinkimbinkimbi, abavoti nabavoti kufanele bathathe izinyathelo ezikhuthazayo ukuze bahlale benolwazi.

  • Hlola ingosi yakho yokhetho yemithetho ethatha isikhathi, izinsuku ezimisiwe, kanye nohlobo.
  • Izinkathi zokuqondisa ezinikezwa amahhovisi amaningi okhetho esifundazwe.
  • Thintana nommeli osebenza ngochwepheshe bomthetho wokhetho uma unemibuzo ngokuphathelene nokufaneleka kwezezimali, umkhankaso, noma izinqubo zokuhlela.
  • Zibophelele ekulungiseni izinhlangano ezingezona ezangaphandle ezilandelela ushintsho lomthetho wokhetho, njenge- National Conference of State Legislatures[[FLT: 1].

Ukuqonda imithetho engokomthetho yokhetho lendawo akuyona nje ukuthobela kuphela, kodwa kungokovikela ubuqotho benqubo yentando yeningi. Uma abavoti nabavoti bewazi umthetho, bahlanganyela ngokuphumelelayo futhi basize ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi noma yiluphi ukhetho lulungile, lusobala futhi lungokomthetho.