Indima Eshintshayo Yomnyango KaHulumeni Ezokulondolozwa Kwendawo Ezungezile

Iminyango yoMbuso ephethe i-United States isebenza njengemishini eyinhloko yokuhlela nokuqondisa ukulondolozwa kwendawo ezungezile ezingeni lesifunda. Nakuba amanxusa kahulumeni anjenge-Ndevironmental Protection Agency (EPA) emisa izindinganiso eziyisisekelo, izinhlangano zendawo ezungezile zisebenza ngokulungisa lezo zindinganiso zendawo ezungezile, ezomnotho, kanye nomphakathi. Leminyango inomthwalo wokushaya imithetho ethinta impilo yemvelo ngokuqondile, amanzi, nezilwane zasendle ezisemingceleni yazo. Umsebenzi wayo awubalulekile ekuvikeleni imithombo yemvelo kuphela kodwa futhi ukulondoloza impilo yomphakathi nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izizukulwane ezizayo zizuza ifa lendawo ezungezile emile namananini ehlukene ezungezile. Ukunikeza izinselele zemvelo nezinhlobonhlobo zezindawo zendawo. Kusukela ekuncipheni kwezindawo zemvelo, iminyango yesifundazwe, ukuguqula izinhloso ebanzi yezindawo zesizwe, ukuthuthukisa izinhloso zendawo yendawo yendawo yendawo yendawo yendawo yendawo yendawo.

Izimiso Zokuhlelwa Kwendawo Ezungezile KaHulumeni

Ayikho iminyango emibili yendawo ezungezile efana ncamashí, kodwa ihlanganyela izici ezifanayo zokuhlelwa kwenhlangano. Izindawo eziningi zendlu ngaphansi komnyango owodwa, ngokuvamile ebizwa ngokuthi iDepartment of Environmental Protection (DEP), iDepartment of Natural Resources (DNR), uDiatement of Environmental Conservation (DEC), noma uMnyango wezemvelo. Lezi zinkampani zisebenza ngaphansi konobhala noma ummeli wezezimali omiswe ngumbusi, kanye nezigaba ezinikezelwe izinga lemo zezulu, imithombo yamanzi, ukuphathwa kwemfucucucu, ukusetshenziswa kwezwe, nokulondolozwa kwezindawo.

Ukuphikisana Okungokwesiko Nokubambisana Kwezikhungo Zokuhlobana

Iminyango yoMbuso inomthwalo wemfanelo oyinhloko wokusebenzisa imithetho eminingi yezemvelo, kuhlanganise noMthetho we-Cease Water Air Act, ne-Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. I-EPA eqapha iziphathimandla zezinhlangano ezihlangabezana nezindinganiso zikahulumeni [1] isimiso sezifunda ezaziwayo ngokuthi “ubufundisi.” Leli lungiselelo livumela izigaba ukuba zisebenzise imithetho eqinile kunaleyo efunwa ngumthetho kahulumeni, njengoba kubonakala kumthetho we-Colinia wezemoto eCalifornia, nakumthetho wesimo sezulu esiphezulu. [i-EPA] ihhovisi lezifunda eziyishumi [ lisebenza eduze nombuso, ukunikeza usizo lobuchwepheshe, ukuqondisa, nokuxhasa. Nokho, ukuphumelela kwale nkonzo kuxhomeke kakhulu embuthweni wezwe, ukuhlelwa kwesimiso sezombangazwe, ukuhlelwa kwezindawo zezezombangazwe, ukuhlelwa kwezezwe, ukuhlelwa kwezindawo zezezwe.

Umtapo womtholalwazi nemithwalo yemfanelo

Iminyango yendawo ezungezile kahulumeni yenza imisebenzi eminingi ethonya ngokuqondile izinga lokuphila kwezakhamuzi. Lemisebenzi ingahlanganiswa ibe yizindawo eziningana eziyinhloko, ngayinye ibaluleke ekuthuthukiseni izinjongo zokulondolozwa kwezindawo.

Ukuphoqelelwa Kwesimiso Nokuvunyelwa Kwendawo Ezungezile

Umsebenzi oyinhloko weminyango kahulumeni ukuqondisa ukungcola ngemvume nangokuqondisa. Imisebenzi ekhipha ukungcola komoya, ukukhipha amanzi angcolile, noma ukukhipha udoti oyingozi kumelwe ithole imvume ehlela imingcele eqondile nokuhlola izimfuneko. Izisebenzi zikahulumeni zihlola imibiko yokuzihlola, zihlole imibiko edingayo, futhi zithathe izinyathelo zokuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwemithetho, okuhlanganisa izintambo nokuvinjelwa. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Pennsylvania Depalvalvania of Environment Protection (DEP) iphatha izinkulungwane zemvume yemisebenzi yezezimboni, izindawo zezimayini, nezindawo zezolimo yezelimo. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi intuthuko yezomnotho ayiveli ngezindleko zendawo ezungezile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlangano zikahulumeni zivumela ukuncitshiswa kwamanzi, ukukhiswa kwezindawo zokulungisa intuthuko, nokulungisa intuthuko ezidinga ukunakekelwa.

Ukuphathwa Kwemvelo Kwemithombo Yemvelo Nokulondolozwa Kwezwe

Iminyango yoMbuso yengamela izigidi zamahektare zamazwe omphakathi, kuhlanganise namapaki ezwe, amahlathi, iziphephelo zezilwane, nezindawo zogu lolwandle. Imithwalo yabo ihlanganisa ukubuyiselwa kwendawo yokuhlala, ukuvinjelwa kwezindawo ezishisayo, ukulawulwa kwezilwane ezihlala ezindaweni ezihlukene, nokunakekelwa kwamahlathi okungalondolozwayo. Inhlangano yesizwe yoMnyango wezwe we-Hulumeni we-Agriculture[[FLLT]] kanye neminye efana nayo ehlangene nezinhlangano zendawo ezungezile elondolozwayo ezindaweni zokulondolozwa kwezindawo zasepulazini nasezweni. Amazwe amaningi aye asungula izinhlelo zokunikezela zezokulondoloza izinhlobonhlobo zezentengo yokulondoloza imvelo, ngokuthola impumelelo ezindaweni ezikhona, nangezinhlangano umphakathi, izinhlangano zezwe ezivikela indawo ezibucayi ekuthuthukeni nasekuvaleni kwezindawo zemvelo, ekwakhe izakhiwo zemvelo, amaqembu amaqembu anikeza amathuba ezindawo zezilwane nezokuzinhlala.

Imfundo Yomphakathi Nokungenela Komphakathi

Izindawo ezizungezile azinakuphumelela ngaphandle kokuthembisana komphakathi. Iminyango kahulumeni yenza imikhankaso emikhulu yemfundo yokwazisa izakhamuzi ngokubuyisela imvelo, ukulondolozwa kwamanzi, ukuphumelela nokuvinjelwa kokungcoliswa kwamandla. Ikhiqiza izinto zezikole, amashabhu, kanye nezikhungo zokuhambela izihambeli ezipaki zikahulumeni. Ezinye izinhlangano, njenge Oregon Department of Environmental Secuty, zisebenzisa amabhodi e-intanethi avumela izakhamuzi ukuba zilandele izinga lomoya lendawo noma zibone lapho izinto zokuvuselela imvelo ziya khona. Ukwethembana nokukhuthaza ukuthobela ngokuzithandela. Amazwe acebisa ohulumeni bendawo ngezakhiwo eziluhlaza, ukuhlelwa kwamanzi, nokushintsha kwezindawo zemvelo. Ngokunika izinhlangano ulwazi namathuluzi, iminyango yamazwe ayandisa imiphumela yomsebenzi wazo wokulungisa nokuthuthukisa ukuphatha nokuthuthukisa isimilo sezenzwe sezohwebo ohulumeni.

Ukusabela Okuphuthumayo Endaweni Ezungezile

Lapho kugadla izinhlekelele(-inhlekelele) ukuchitheka kwamafutha, ukukhushulwa kwamakhemikhali, ukushiswa kwemililo, noma izikhukhula zezindawo ezizungezile kuqale kube yizithakazelo ezihambisana namaqembu abaphathi besimo esiphuthumayo. Zihlola umonakalo wendawo ezungezile, iqukethe izingozi, futhi zihlele imizamo yokuhlanza. Ngokwesibonelo, ngemva kwe-Gold King Mune Mune Caine eColorado, uMnyango we-Gold we-Epublic Health ne Environment osebenza neziphathimandla zesizwe ukuze ziqaphele izinga lamanzi futhi zilawule izingozi zempilo yomphakathi. Iminyango yoMbuso yangaphambi kokusebenza kwemithombo yesiphepho evikela imithombo yezekelo yolwandle, njengaseFlorida ilungiselela amaqembu ayingozi ezindaweni zogudla inhlabathi ngaphambi kokuba iziphepho. Ikhono lokulungisa ngokushesha nokuqondisa inhlekelele esimweni esithile sesimo sezwe esibucayi sezwe. Ukubusa kwendawo ezungezile.

Izinyathelo Eziphawulekayo Zokulondoloza Imvelo

Kulo lonke izwe, iminyango kahulumeni iye yasungula izinyathelo zokuzingela ezimisa izimpawu zokulondoloza imvelo. Lezinhlelo zibonisa indlela ukusungulwa kwezinga lombuso okungasingatha ngayo izinselele zendawo ezungezile nezwe.

Ukuphathwa Kwamanzi Okunethonya ECalifornia

I-California i-Statet Water Resources Control Board iyisibonelo esiyinhloko sokulawula izinto ezisebenza. Ekuphenduleni kwesomiso esiphindaphindiwe, i-'inhlangano isebenzise elinye lamalungelo ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu amanzi nezimiso zokuhlela izimiso emhlabeni. Isebenzisa ulwazi lwesikhathi sangempela emithonjeni, amazinga e-damu, namathafa angaphansi kwamanzi ukuphoqelela ukuncitshiswa nokulondolozwa kwesimiso sokulondoloza imvelo. Ibhodi futhi yengamela i-Devity Mea Meater Program ehlasela imiphakathi ngezimiso ezingcolisiwe, futhi iye yasunduza izindinganiso zempumelelo zamanzi eziye zaba isifanekiso kwezinye izindawo ezomile. Ukuhola okunjalo kubonisa indlela izinhlangano zezwe ezingazijwayela ngayo isimo esilawulayo esilawulayo futhi zithuthukise inqubo yesayensi.

Ukubuyiselwa Kwe - Everglades EFlorida

I-Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP) ihola enye yemisebenzi emikhulu kakhulu yokubuyisela imvelo kuleplanethi: i-Comprehensive Everglades Reformation Plan (CERP). Lomzamo wezigidi zezigidi zezigidi ze-dilol uhloselwe ukubuyisela ukugeleza kwamanzi okungokwemvelo nge-Everglades, ukususa amashumi eminyaka okukhishwa kokungcola nokungcoliswa komhlaba. FDEP isebenza ne-U.S. Army of Enginers, i-South Florida Water Management Divide, nezizwe zesizwe zokwakha amadamurst, ukususa izitshalo ze-invasive, nokuthuthukisa izinga lamanzi e-Okchobee. Umsebenzi awugcini indawo ye-UNICE World kuphela kodwa uvikela nokuphuza amanzi ezigidini ze-olsburg.

Isinyathelo Sesibopho Sendawo Ezungezile SaseNew York

I-New York State iye yathatha indlela eqinile ngokwezimali yokulondoloza izakhiwo ngezigidi ezingu-4.2 zezigidi zezigidi zamaRandi ezithi Clean Water, Cleast, ne Green Jobs Environmental Bond Act, eyadluliselwa ngabavoti ngo-2022. I-New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) ifeza indima eyinhloko ekuqondiseni lezimali, ezisekela imisebenzi esukela ekuvuselelweni kwemfutho nezindawo zokubuyiselwa kwezihlahla zasemadolobheni ekukhuphukeni kwezihlahla, ukuvuselelwa kwemoyeni kanye nokushintsha isimo sezulu. Le nqubo yenza ukuthambekela okukhula kwezwe ngokusebenzisa izimali ezivunyelwayo ukuze kuxhaswe isilinganiso esikhulu seze indawo ezungezile. I-Decceccond yaseNew York i-Climate and Comment Provity Providet Act, okudinga ukuncitshiswa kwegesi ekhiwozelayo ngo-2050.

Izinselele Eziqhubekayo Nezimo Ezishintshayo

Naphezu kwendima yayo ebucayi, iminyango yemvelo kahulumeni isebenza ngaphansi kwezithiyo ezinkulu ezithinta ikhono layo lokulondoloza imvelo ngokuphumelelayo.

Ukulinganiselwa Kwemali Nokukhubazeka

Izinhlangano eziningi zikahulumeni zibhekene nokungahlali kuhlenga-hlengi. Uhlelo lokuhlela izinhlelo zendawo ezungezile aluzange luhambisane nezidingo ezikhulayo, futhi amazinga ezisebenzi aye ehla ezizweni eziningi phakathi neminyaka eyishumi edlule. Ukuncishiswa kweZishayamthetho zeZwe neHwezo Likakhulu lezempilo [ kuye kwaphawula ukuthi izinhlelo zezempilo zomphakathi ngokuvamile zixhomeke ekunikezeni imithetho evimbelayo evimbelayo. Uma izishaya-mthetho zezwe zinciphisa izindleko zemali, iminyango kumelwe inciphise ukuhlola, ukulibala, nokunciphisa ukugcinwa kwemithetho evimbela ukugcinwa kwezekelela. Ezinye izifunda ziye zaguqula ukuhlelwa kweminyango yokuxhasa inzuzo yezezimali, njengeminyango yezentengo yezentengo yezentengo, izimali zezentengo yezentengo, nokubambisana kwemisebenzi yezemisebenzi yezemisebenzi ephakathi.

Izingcindezi Zezombangazwe Ziyashintsha

Ukubusa kwendawo ezungezile kungokwemvelo kungokwezombangazwe. Izinguquko zezenhlala - kahle zingaletha izinguquko ezinkulu ezingokomnyombo wezindawo eziphambili, kusukela ekuphoqeleleni kwezezesayensi kuya ekunqandeni. Inqubo enjalo yenza ukuhlelwa kwesikhathi eside kube nzima futhi ilula ukuqhubekeka okudingekayo ukuze kulondolozwe imvelo. Abaholi be-agency kumelwe bahambe behlola izithakazelo eziphikisanayo − izakhiwo zezentengiselwano, ezolimo, intuthuko, kanye nezindawo zendawo ezungezile, kanti ukuvikela kwezesayensi yezemvelo kuthambekele ekusingatheni ukushintsha kwezombangazwe kungcono, njengoba ulwazi lwezenhlangano yezenhlalakahle yezenhlalakahle igcinwa. Ukwakha i-bipartisan izakhiwo zezindawo ezivikela umonakalo wezindawo, njengesivikelo somonakalo, kuyisulelo eliyinhloko lokulungisa ukukhushuka kweze.

Ukushintsha Kwesimo Sezulu Nosongo Olukhulayo

Ukushintsha kwezithako zesimo sezulu kubhekene nenselele ngayinye yeminyango kahulumeni. Imisebenzi emikhulu yezomiso, isomiso esithatha isikhathi eside, iziphepho ezinamandla, kanye nokunyuka kwamazinga olwandle ukuze kuvumelane ngokushesha. Iminyango eminingi yombuso manje ihlanganisa ukuvela kwesimo sezulu nokuhlelwa kwazo. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Oregon Department of State Lands idinga ukuba izakhiwo zokuvimbela imvula zithathe indawo ephezulu yolwandle. Ngokufanayo, uMnyango we-Ecology usebenzisa isimo sezulu lapho ubeka izinga lamanzi. Lezizici ezizici ezidinga ukuhlelwa kwazo, ubuchwepheshe, nokuhlanganisa izakhiwo ezisezingeni elilinganiselwe kakade.

Ikusasa Lendawo Ezungezile Elakhiwe Uhulumeni

Uma ubheka phambili, iminyango kahulumeni kulindeleke ukuba ithathe imithwalo yemfanelo emikhulu, ikakhulukazi njengoba isimiso sikahulumeni sesimo sezulu sishintsha futhi njengoba imiphakathi yendawo ifuna isinyathelo esisheshayo.

Ukudlondlobala Kobulungisa Bendawo Ezungezile

Izinhlangano zikahulumeni ziyadingeka ngokwandayo ukuba zibhekane nobulungisa bendawo ezungezile − ziqaphela ukuthi izinzuzo zokulondoloza imvelo zisakazwa ngokulinganayo nokuthi imiphakathi esweleyo ayithweswa ukungcoliswa ngokungenakulinganiswa. I-Climate Act yaseNew York ihlanganisa amalungiselelo obulungisa bemvelo, futhi i-CalEnviroSclet yethuluzi le-Calpian yamabalazwe ehlanganisa imiphumela yokusetshenziswa kokungcola ukuze iqondise ukutshala izimali. Ukungawenzisi izakhiwo zokulondolozwa kwezindawo ezingaphansi kwezindawo ezigciniwe, ukuthuthukisa ukuhlanganyela komphakathi, nokunciphisa imingcele ekutholeni imali. Lokhu kuzokushintshwa kudinga izinhlangano zikahulumeni ukuba zifake inzuzo ekusekeleni isayensi yezenhlalo.

Ukwenza Isinqumo Semininingwane

Intuthuko ekutholeni imishini, ukufunda, nesakhamuzi iguqula indlela iminyango kahulumeni eqondisa futhi ilawule ngayo imithombo. Izinzwa zamanzi ezisesilinganisweni sangempela, umfanekiso wesiphuphutheki wokushintsha komhlaba, namapulatifomu okwaziswa avuselelwe emphakathini enza ukuba ulwazi oluluhlaza lube yinqubo esheshayo, ukusabela okwengeziwe. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Texas Commission on Environmental Seaty isebenzisa ukuhlola nge-methonic ukuze kutholwe i-methane u-methane ugesi. Inselele ekulawuleni lomthwalo we-data nokwakha ikhono lobuchwepheshe lokuguqula ulwazi oluluhlaza lube yinqubo esebenzayo. Izimiso zezobuchwepheshe zanamuhla zihamba phambili eminyangweni eminingi yobuchwepheshe yokwaziswa.

Izakhiwo Eziluhlaza Nezixazululo Ezisekelwe Emvelweni

Iminyango yoMbuso isekela izakhiwo eziluhlaza njengengadi zemvula, imigwaqo ehambayo, kanye nezindawo ezingamaxhaphozi ezingenisa inzuzo engokwesiko. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Maryland Department of the Environment, inesimiso esiqinile sokufaka i-centerterterflution esebenzisa amasuntractive aluhlaza, ukusiza ukubuyisela izinga lamanzi amanzi e-Cesapeake Bay. Ngokufanayo, izinhlelo zombuso zixhasa amabhishi aphilayo ezisetshenziswa izitshalo zakhona kanye nezixhobo ze-oyster ukuze zivingcelele ekukhukhulekeni nasekuvuleni kwesiphepho. Lezi zikhambiso zemvelo zinikeza izinzuzo eziningi: ukulawulwa kwesikhukhula, indawo yokuhlala, ukubukiswa kwe-carbon statu, nenani lokuzilibazisa. Njengoba iminyango yombuso wamazwe ekha ihlelayo kulezindawo, ihlela izakhiwo zesizwe.

Ukubambisana Okuthuthukisiwe Nezizwe Nohulumeni Bendawo

Impumelelo yokulondoloza imvelo ixhomeke kakhulu ekusebenzelaneni namazwe esizwe namasipala. Iminyango yoMbuso ihlela izivumelwano ezingokomthetho nezizwe zokubambisana ekusebenzeni kwezinhlanzi, amahlathi, nemithombo yamanzi. UMnyango wezesayensi ye-Ecology waseWashington usebenza eduze neKolville Reservation yeKolville eConferated Collervation elungelwe amalungelo amanzi kanye nokubuyiselwa kwendawo endaweni esendaweni ephezulu eqenjini loMfuleni inikeza isiqondiso sobuchwepheshe futhi inikeza amadolobha nemisebenzi yesimo sezulu. Ukuqinisa lemizamo yokuvikela indalo kuqinisekisa ukuthi imizamo yokuvikela i-Colville Reservation iveza izimo zemvelo ezindaweni eziseGibini laseColumbia.

Isiphetho: Ukuqinisa Isisekelo Sokulondoloza Imvelo

Iminyango yoMbuso iwumgogodla osebenzayo wokulondolozwa kwendawo ezungezile eUnited States. Iguqula izimiso zikahulumeni zingene ngokomthetho omhlaba, zilungise izisombululo ezihambela imvelo yesifunda, futhi zakhe ukusekela komphakathi okudingekayo ekunakekeleni isikhashana sesikhathi eside. Ukulawula amanzi ahlanzekile nokubuyisela izakhiwo eziwuphawu olufana ne-Everglades ukuba zifake imali ezinkulungwaneni zezigidi ekusekeleni isimo sezulu nasekulungiseni indawo ezungezile, nokulungisa indawo ezungezile, lezi zinhlangothi ezithinta cishe zonke izingxenye zomhlaba ezixhomeke kuzo. Kodwa ukuphumelela kwazo kuxhomeke ekusekeleni izimali ezigciniwe, ukuqina kwezombangazwe, kanye nesibopho sokwenza izinqumo zesayensi. Njengoba izinsongosongelo zendawo ezungezile zikhulayo, izinhlangano zikahulumeni ngemithombo eyanele, amathuluzi amanani amanani anamuhla, nokuzinziwa kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni imbulunga yonke iplanethi ehlala kuyo.