Isingeniso: Indima Ye - Australia Enkingeni YaseRohinga

I-Australia sekuyisikhathi eside izibeka njengendawo ephakathi ekwakheni iBangladesh, futhi ukusabela kwayo kwezokuxhumana enhlekeleleni yaseRohinga kunikeza ucwaningo lwendaba ngendlela iCanberra elinganisela ngayo izimiso zomphakathi nezinzuzo zendawo. Kusukela ibutho lezempi lika 2017 liphoqelela ukunqanda i-Rehingya ukuba ibalekele i-Rakhine State yase-Bangladesh, i-Australia ihileleke phakathi kwemiya elandelanayo, usizo oluqondile, nocingo oluthule. Kodwa inhlekelele iyaqhubeka ixazulu lababaleki baseRohingya e-liv e-liv e-liv e-Bravoo naseMyanmar ngokulwisana kwempi yombano ngemva kokweqedwe kwempi yama-201. Lesihloko sihlola imizamo ye-Australia, ukuhlasela kwayo, nezinselele ezinkulu ezikhona ngaphambili.

Isizinda Senhlekelele YaseRohingya

IRohingwa iyingxube yesizwe samaSulumane amaningi aye ahlala e-Rakhine State yase-Myanmar amakhulu amaningi eminyaka. Naphezu komlando wabo omude, baye bacwaswa ngobandlululo, bekhishwa izakhamuzi ngaphansi komthetho wesizwe wase-Myanmar ka1982, futhi bamiswa ngokomthetho ngokuthi “abafuduki base-Bengal.” Lokhu kungabi namthetho wezwe baye benza ukuba babe sengozini yamagagagasi obudlova obuvela ezweni. [FLDY:1] ukwanda kobudlova kwamuva kakhulu nokubishiswa okukhulu kwaqala ngoAugust 2017 ngemva kweRohingya ezindaweni zokhuseleko. Impi yasabela ngomkhankaso wobuGawulayo [[FLT:] ongekho emthethweni, ukubulala, nobudlova obungokobulili obuphakathi kwezigidi zomhlaba.[FLD [FOLD] [1] iZizwe Ezihlangene ziye zaqala ukuhlanza nonyaka ka-19200,000] ukubulala kwesizwe. NgoDecember 2020000, ibutho lababalekiswe abaleki benani labaleki benani eliphambili, ibutho elisukela phambili, ibutho elisukela emhlabaleki, i

Ukulahlwa kwezizwe zonke kwasheshiswa, kodwa isinyathelo esinengqondo siye saphazanyiswa ukuvukelwa kwemibuso yezombangazwe yase-Myanmar, ukuyinkimbinkimbi kwezivumelwano ze-ASTEAN ezisekelwe ekuvumelaneni, kanye nombango wemibuso emikhulu wokuphoqelela izijeziso eziqinile. Inhlekelele futhi ixhunyiwe yizinhlangano zezempi eziphumelelayo zezwe ekubusweni kwemibuso engu-2021, eyaqeda inkathi emfushane yenguquko yesizwe futhi yafaka iMyanmar empini elwiwa ezweni lonke. Kulendawo enzima, iRohinganya isabanjwe phakathi kwe-Myanmar junta nezinhlanga ezihlukahlukene ezihlomile, ngaphandle kwethemba lokubuyela emakhaya azo ngokuzithandela.

Izinyathelo Eziyingozi Zase - Australia

Ukuhlangana kwe-Australia nenkinga yeRohingya kungahlukaniswa kakhulu kube izinsika ezintathu: i-Multialidal advocation, usizo lomphakathi, nobudlelwane besifunda. Insika ngayinye ibonisa isifiso se-Australia sokusekela ukuhleleka kwemithetho esekelwe emhlabeni wonke kuyilapho igwema ukuphikisana ngokuqondile nomakhelwane ozwelayo.

Ukuhlanganyela Kwamalungelo Abantu Ezikhathi Ezihlukahlukene

I-Australia iye yasebenzisa ngokungaguquguquki izwi layo eZizweni Ezihlangene ukukhuthaza ukumiswa kweZikhungo zezelungelo lomuntu nesivikelo samalungelo abantu e-Rohinga. Ngo-2018 eMhlanganweni Wamalungelo Abantu we-UN, iCanberra co-ponporated izinqumo ezibiza ukupheliswa kobudlova nempi yaseMyanmar ukuba ivumele ukuvunyelwa kwabaphengululi abazimele. I-Australia futhi yasekela ukumiswa kwe-Independent International Conct-Fiving Mission eMyanmar, eyaphetha ngokuthi izenzo zezempi zalingana nokuqothulwa kohlanga. Ngo-2019, i-Australia yafaka isinqumo eMhlanganizimu eyayikhuthaza ukubambisana nezimiso zokulandisa, nakuba ngo-1918 yanquma ukukhohlakala okuphelele.

Ngaphandle kwezinkulumo zomphakathi, i-Australia iye yanikela emalini yemali ye-UN emisebenzi yokusiza umphakathi eRakhine nase-Cox’s Bazar. Yanikeza futhi izimali zeHhovisi le-UN Special Rapporteur esimweni samalungelo abantu eMyanmar. Okubaluleke kakhulu, i-Australia iye yafaka izijeziso eziqondiswe ojenene bezempi baseMyanmar kanye nezinhlangano ezihlangene ne-junta, nakuba lemijeziso iye yagxekwa njengencane kakhulu neyayayayaya kancane. Kusukela ngo-2023, i-Australia yagunyaza abantu abayishumi nambili ababoshelwa impi, kodwa uhlu luhlala lumfushane kakhulu kune-United States noma i-European Union.

Usizo Olungabantu Ababaleki ERohingya

I-Australia ingomunye wezisebenzi ezinkulu ezinikela nge-rohingya yentsabelo yokusiza abantu. Kusukela ngo-2017, i-Australia iye yathembisa ukunikeza usizo olungaphezu kwezigidi ezingu - R340 ekusizeni abantu kanye nasekuthuthukiseni intuthuko[ ngenxa yenhlekelele, eqondiswa ngezinhlangano zeUN, iRed Cross, ne - NGOS. Lokhu kusekela ukudla, indawo yokukhosela, imfundo, kanye nezinkonzo zokuvikela ababaleki eBangladesh kanye nemiphakathi. Ingxenye ebalulekile iye yaqondiswa ekuqiniseni izimiso zokuphatha izingozi ze-Bangladesh, iqaphela ukucindezela kwendawo yamakamu ezindaweni zendawo nendawo ezungezile nendawo ezungezile nendawo ezungezile.

Indlela yosizo yase-Australia igcizelela “umbono ogcwele we-crsis”, usingatha izidingo ezisheshayo ngesikhathi esifanayo efaka imali ekuzinzeni isikhathi eside. Ngokwesibonelo, uhulumeni wase-Australia uye waxhasa izinhlelo zesivikelo zomphakathi ze-UNHCR ezisekelwe emphakathini[ eziqeqesha abesifazane abangabaqaphi njengabathathi-zimpendulo zokuqala ebudloveni obusekelwe ebulilini obusekelwe kubesilisa nabesifazane. Isekela futhi nezinhlelo zemfundo zezingane zeRohingya, eziye zakhishwa kakhulu ezikoleni ezingokomthetho ngenkambiso yeBangladesh. I-Australian NGOkimeter, kuhlanganise nezinhlangano ezinjenge Plan International and Save Children, bezilokhu zisebenzisa izinhlelo emhlabeni, ngokuvamile ngohulumeni wase-Australia.

Ukucindezela Kwesifunda Okungalawuleki

Iqaphela ukuthi le nkinga ayinakuxazululwa ngosizo kuphela, i-Australia iye yaphishekela izindlela zobuzwe phakathi kwe-Association of Southeast Zizwe (ASAN) kanye nabadlali abayinhloko bendawo. ICanberra iye yasekela indima ka-ASTEAN njengomsizi ongathathi hlangothi, kuhlanganise nomsebenzi we-ATEAN Cooridating Centre for Humaniality Application kukuphathwa kwenhlekelele. Nokho, i-Australia iye yagxeka futhi isimiso sesiko se-ACEAN “ukungavumelani ” lapho iphumela ekukhubazekeni. Ngo-202020, i-Ostre Wezindaba Zamazwe Amazwe Angaphandle wakhipha inkulumo ehlangene ne-Ourcinety of the Foreign African, New Zealand, i-United Zealand, i-ASCON, inxusa ukuba i-ALEAN ihole ukusabela okune kakhulu kwenhlekelele kweRhing.

Kamuva, i-Australia ilondoloze ingxoxo elula neMyanmar. Eminyakeni yangaphambi kokugumbuqelwa kwemibuso, izikhulu ze-Australia zaziwaphakamisa njalo amathemba amalungelo abantu ngohulumeni we-Myanmar kanye nomholi wezempi. I-Australia futhi yandisa usizo lobuchwepheshe benqubo yokubuyisana yeMyanmar, njengokusekela i-Peace Proce ProceSceSced Sced Grouption ngaphansi kwe-Kayin State. Ngemva kokugumbuqelwa kwe-Yania. Ngemva kokuba u-2021, i-Australia yabekleka usizo oluqondile kwezempi lwase-Myanmar futhi yabeka izijekezo ezibophisweni, kodwa iye yagcina ivule iziteshi ngezindlela ngezambubhisi nezinhlangano zomphakathi ezingezona zezwe. I-Australia futhi yabamba abantu abangaphezu kwenkulungwane eMyanmar[FLT] emasontweni anzima ngemva kokugumbula izakhamuzi zase-Australia, kuhlanganise nezakhamuzini ezihlala ezindaweni ezihlala njalo, izakhamuzi zabo, ezinye zezindawo ezikhathalela.

Ukubambisana Kwamazwe Ngamazwe Nobuhlobo

Ukuphumelela kwe-Australia enkathazweni kaRohingya kukhuliswa ukubambisana kwayo okuseduze nezifundazwe kanye nezinhlangano zomhlaba wonke. Australia-Bangladesh bipanedal] kuyisici esibucayi. IBangladesh ingumphakathi ongaphezulu kwesigidi Rohingwa futhi isekele ingxenye enkulu, igcine umngcele wayo uvulekile, kodwa iye yakhuthaza ngokuphindaphindiwe ukubuyela ngokushesha kwababaleki eMyanmar. I-Australia iye yanxusa iBangladesh ukuba ilondoloze isibopho sayo sokusizana noDhaka. I-Canberra ilungiselele ukusekela izimali ukuze ikwazi ukulawula umonakalo wendawo ebangelwa ukuqothulwa kwehlathi emakamu, futhi iye yabangela ukuhwebelana kwemisebenzi ezindaweni ezisekela izinhlelo ezigciniwe.

Phakathi kwesimiso se-UN, i-Australia isebenza nge-glove-pane ye-International Organization for Migration (IOM) ne-UNHCR. Ngo-2018, i-Australia yalungiselela izimali ze-IOM ukuze isungule i-IM entsha ye-post eCox’s Bazar ukuba ibhekane nokuqubuka komphimbo we-mithetho. Isekela futhi i-Joint Parandment Plan for the Rohingya Humanitariantian Crisis, isikhalo se-m esihlangene neUN. I-Australia yase-Dhaka ihlola ngenkuthalo ukulondeka kanye nesimo samalungelo abantu enkampani futhi inikeza ukwaziswa emuva kubenzi benqubo eCanberra.

I-Australia futhi iyisithathi ngxenye ekhuthele ye-Global Community for Refugees kanye ne-Global Compact for Sacred, Orderly and Fource, kokubili okunezisekelo zokuthwala imithwalo ezimweni zokushendezwa kwabantu abaningi. Nakuba imithetho yomngcele wase-Australia iye yagxekwa ngokuba nemingcele eqinile, usizo lwayo nezinhlelo zokubuyisela i-Rohingya zimile ngokwendlela. Kusukela ngo-2017, i-Australia iye yanikeza izindawo zokubuyiselwa kwezinye zezindawo ezisengozini kakhulu zababaleki, ikakhulukazi abesifazane nabantwana abasengozini, nabasindileyo enhlekeleleni.

Izinselele Nokulinganiselwa Kokusondela E - Australia

Naphezu kwemizamo encomekayo, ukuxoxisana kwe-Australia enkathazweni yeRohingya kuye kwabhekana nezithiyo ezinkulu futhi kuye kwaba yindaba yezinselele ezinkulu.

Iqiniso Lezombangazwe LaseMyanmar

Inselele engalawuleki kakhulu yisimo sezombangazwe phakathi kwe-Myanmar. Ngemva kokugumbuqelwa kwebutho lezempi elingu-2021, i- State Administration Council (SAC) junta ayizange ibonise isithakazelo sangempela ekuxazululeni i-Rohingwa. Ngokuphambene, i-junta iye yayiqeda inkinga ngokuqinisa ukuhlasela kwesizwe saseRakhine esele eRohlinga futhi yafaka ngempoqo i-jograndlo amasosha amasosha amasosha amasosha amasosha. Ijunta futhi iveza iRohingya njengengxenye yesihlanu, ukulandisa okuqhubeka kwengxabano. I-Australia, kanye nezwe lonke, ayiqapheli i-juphana njenge-a esemthethweni, cishe njengexalo elingekho ngokomthetho, cishe izingxoxo ezingathi azikho. I-Australia iye yancishwa kakhulu ngaphambi kokuba i-Australia ikhululiwe.

Imingcele Yokucindezela Okuningi

I-United Nations Security Council ihlala iboshelwe eMyanmar, iChina naseRussia ivikela i-junta ekuvikelweni noma ekuvinjelweni kwezikhali. I-Australia, njengelungu elingesona ilungu le-Security Council ngo-2013-2014, yayinemingcele elinganiselwe, futhi ayisekho eMkhandlwini. Ikhono le-UN lokuphoqelela ukulandisa nge-Rohinga likhubazekile ngokuphumelelayo. Ngisho nesinqumo eMkhandlwini Wamalungelo Abantu asihambisani. Isinqumo sase-Australia somkhandlu-yodwa sesinqumo siye saba yisicimbiso esingokomfanekiso kunesicilo esikhulu ekushintsheni ukuziphatha emhlabathini.

Izigebengu Zokuxhasa Izimali Nezokukhathala Kwababaleki

Naphezu kwezivumelwano ze-Australia, ukusabela kwe-Joint Response for the Rohingya kanyaka kuyafinyelelwa ngamaphesenti angaphansi kuka-60 enkinga yayo. Njengoba le nkinga ingena ngonyaka wayo wesikhombisa, ukukhathala okunikezelweyo kuyaqala. I-Australia ngokwayo iye yabhekana nokucindezela kwemicebo esekhaya ukunikezela imithombo eyengeziwe emazweni asePacific athintelwe ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nemiphakathi yasekhaya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imali yosizo lwase-Australia ivame ukuncishiswa njengengxenye ye-fiscal commentation. Ngo-202020201, uhulumeni wase-Australia uyakwazi ukuvala izinhlelo ezintsha zemali ngenxa yobhayoloji ye-COVID, ethinta ezinye izinhlelo zemisebenzi zasekhaya.

Izikhulu Zase - Australia Zobabaleki Nezabo Imingcele

Enye yezingxabano eziphawuleka kakhulu esabelweni se-Australia ukuphikisana phakathi kosizo lwayo oluphanayo lwezenhlalakahle nezimiso zalo eziqinile zokulawula umngcele. I-Australia ilondoloza indlela yokuthatha i-zero-elective yokufika okungahambi kahle olwandle [, ilungisa bonke abafuni besivikelo abafika ngesikebhe ezikhungweni zokuvalelwa ezindaweni zolwandle (manje eNauru). Lenkambiso iye yagxekwa kakhulu ngamaqembu amalungelo abantu njengase-Romanese futhi ibeka isibonelo esibi kwamanye amazwe. Lapho uRohingya wazama ukufinyelela e-Australia ngesikebhe esivela e-Indonesia noma eSri Lanka, baye bavinjwa futhi babuyiselwa emuva. Lokhu kuye kwaholela ekumangalelweni kokuzenzisa: izimali zase-Australia eBangladesh eBangladesh kodwa akuthandi ukwamukela kakhulu ukwedlula ukubekwa kwezehlakalo oluncane. Uhulumeni ukusiza ukuba abantu ukuba baphumele emkhunjini olwandle futhi balahlekelwe yize.

Umbono Wesikhathi Esizayo Nokutuswa

Uma sibheka phambili, inkinga yeRohinga ibonakala ihlala iyinselele yeshumi leminyaka. Izici eziningana zizololonga ikhono le-Australia lokuthonya imiphumela.

Ukuhlanganyela Okuqinile

I-Australia kufanele ilondoloze futhi iqinise ngisho nemizamo yayo yezokuxhumana, ikakhulukazi ngeNgqungquthela yase-ASANIYA-Australia kanye ne-[FLT] East Asia Summit. Lamapulatifomu anikeza amathuba okusundula ukusabela okuqinile kakhulu kwesifunda, kuhlanganise nethuba le-athone ekhethekile ye-Royitya enegunya elicacile. I-Australia futhi ingasebenzisa intuthuko yayo nobudlelwane namalungu ama-ASAIA afana ne-Laos ne-Cambodia ukuze yakhe imifelandawo ebekela inselele i-junta.

Ukusekela Ukulandisa

I-Australia ingafeza indima eyakhayo ekusekeleni ukuthatha izinyathelo zokulandisa ngaphandle koMkhandlu Wezokuphepha. Ngokwesibonelo, ingandisa ukuxhasa imali ye- I-Investigative Mechanist for Myanmar (IIMM), eqoqa ubufakazi bobugebengu bomhlaba wonke. I-Australia kakade isinikele amaR000 ayizigidi ezingu-R3 e-IMM, kodwa ngaphezulu kungayenziwa. I-Canberra ingasekela futhi icala eliqhubekayo likaGambianga elimelene ne-Myanmar eNkampere ye-International Courtment of Justice (ICJ) ngaphansi kwe-Genecide Convention. I-Australia ayiyona ingxenye yomthetho, kodwa inganikeza usizo lwezezimali noma lwezezobuchwepheshe eqenjini lika-Gambian.

Ukuvikelwa Kwababaleki Nezindlela

I-Australia, kufanele icabangele ukwandisa uhlelo lwayo lokuthatha indawo kaRohinga ababaleki. Isilinganiso saminyaka yonke senkinga sincane kakhulu, [1] isilinganiso esingama-200 ngonyaka. Uhlelo lwe-passage efuna ukuvelela nolwesizwe olungcono kakhulu ngeke nje kuphela lusize abasengozini kakhulu kodwa lungathumela uphawu oluqinile kubantu abahlala ndawonye bezwe elibhekene nokuthwalwa umthwalo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-Australia kumelwe iqinisekise ukuthi imithetho yayo yomngcele ayilimazi ngokuqhubekayo uRohingaya ophoqelelwa ukuba abaleke ukuphinde babaleke ezimpini zase-Myanmar noma ezimweni eziwohlokayo eBangladesh.

Ukusingatha Izimbangela Eziyinhloko

Amakhambi amade adinga ukuxazulula izimbangela eziyisisekelo zobuphekula nobandlululo eMyanmar. I-Australia ingasekela amaqembu omphakathi asebenzela ukuthuthukisa ukuqonda kwe-internet e-Rakhine State, ngisho noma ingaqondile ukusuka ngaphesheya komngcele. Ingasekela futhi izinyathelo zokubhala ukusetshenziswa kabi kwamalungelo abantu futhi igcine inkumbulo yeRohingwa, ibutho lezempi eliye lazama ukuyiqeda. Nakuba i-Australia ingeke ixazulule inhlekelele yezombangazwe ze-Myanmar, ingaba ingxenye yomzamo omkhulu womhlaba wonke wokwakha izimo zentando yeningi, we-demokrase, futhi igcine inkumbulo ye-roya enokuthula lapho i-roya ingakwazi khona ukubuyisa izakhamuzi zayo.

Isiphetho

Imizamo yezobuzwe yase-Australia enhlekeleleni yeRohingwa iye yaba mikhulu uma kubhekwana nosizo lwezenhlalakahle kanye nokuthola izikhulu zezikhulu eziningi, kodwa ayikwazanga ukufinyelela intuthuko yangempela ye-Rohinga. Inkinga ilokhu iyisikhumbuzo esiqinile semingcele yamandla asebenzelanayo lapho ibhekene nombuso ononya nempendulo ehlukene yomhlaba wonke. Ukuze i-Australia ikwazi ukuhlanganisa ukuphumelela kwayo kobuntu nezimiso zayo eziqinile zababaleki, ijulise ukusekela kwayo ezimisweni zayo eziqinile, futhi ilondoloze ukucindezela kwayo okungaguquguqukiyo ngezindlela zesifunda nangezindawo eziningi. IRohingya ifanelwe kakhulu ukukhonzwa okungamele [[FLD:] ukuphepha, ubulungisa, nesithunzi sesikhathi esizayo, [[FLD:1] futhi izimisele ukuma kwe-Australia ukugcinwa kwenkululeko yesifunda futhi iqhubeke ngokulunga eminyakeni eminingi.

[[Umthetho:0] Imibono:[[[Umthetho:1]